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• About Load average in htop, how to decide if it's still doing ok?

  - by Joe Huang

  I use 'htop' to monitor my web server. It's recently quite loaded and the Load average is showing something like this: Load average: 3.10 2.56 1.63 I searched the web about these numbers and I found an article about it: http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2009/07/31/understanding-load-averages In the article, it says if I have 2 CPUs, 2.0 means 100% CPU utilization. And my VPS has two CPUs, so what does 3.1 mean? How could it exceed 100% CPU utilization? And from these numbers, does it mean I should be wary about the loading now? But the performance seems totally fine, and this is a managed VPS, the hosting company has not notified me any warning about it. During day time, Load average always show these high numbers... here is another snapshot while writing. Load average: 3.03 2.77 1.97 Load average: 0.41 1.29 1.60 <---- 5 more minutes later So I am wondering how much room left for this site to grow in current configurations? What kind of proactive actions I should take in advance? I don't want to wait until the server bursts. Thanks.

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• Plesk wildcard subdomain not working

  - by avdgaag

  I'm trying to set up a wildcard subdomain on my VPS. Ultimately I want to end up with this: main site: my.domain.tld subdomain: sub1.my.domain.tld - should end up serving my.domain.tld/sub1 I am using plesk 8.6. I have created a DNS A record pointing at my VPS' IP. I have then restarted the DNS server and waited up to 24 hours. But trying ping sub1.my.domain.tld results in an unknown host error. So I know there's more stuff involved, configuring apache etc. But so far, I cannot even get the subdomain working at all, let alone serve up the right content. I have also tried a CNAME record, to no effect. I have also tried creating a regular subdomain with a fixed name, which also does not work. Pre-configured subdomains DO work, like ftp.my.domain.tld or mail.my.domain.tld. I am clearly missing something here, but my hosting provider charges a small fortune for any support request not involving hardware physically burning down, so I'm hesitant to ask them. Any ideas?

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• Running multiple sites on a LAMP with secure isolation

  - by David C.

  Hi everybody, I have been administering a few LAMP servers with 2-5 sites on each of them. These are basically owned by the same user/client so there are no security issues except from attacks through vulnerable deamons or scripts. I am builing my own server and would like to start hosting multiple sites. My first concern is... ISOLATION. How can I avoid that a c99 script could deface all the virtual hosts? Also, should I prevent that c99 to be able to write/read the other sites' directories? (It is easy to "cat" a config.php from another site and then get into the mysql database) My server is a VPS with 512M burstable to 1G. Among the free hosting managers, is there any small one which works for my VPS? (which maybe is compatible with the security approach I would like to have) Currently I am not planning to host over 10 sites but I would not accept that a client/hacker could navigate into unwanted directories or, worse, run malicious scripts. FTP management would be fine. I don't want to complicate things with SSH isolation. What is the best practice in this case? Basically, what do hosting companies do to sleep well? :) Thanks very much! David

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• How could Load average numbers from 'htop' exceed 100% CPU utlization?

  - by Joe Huang

  I use 'htop' to monitor my web server. It's recently quite loaded and the Load average is showing something like this: Load average: 3.10 2.56 1.63 I searched the web about these numbers and I found an article about it: http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2009/07/31/understanding-load-averages In the article, it says if I have 2 CPUs, 2.0 means 100% CPU utilization. And my VPS has two CPUs, so what does 3.1 mean? How could it exceed 100% CPU utilization? And from these numbers, does it mean I should be wary about the loading now? But the performance seems totally fine, and this is a managed VPS, the hosting company has not notified me any warning about it. During day time, Load average always show these high numbers... here is another snapshot while writing. Load average: 3.03 2.77 1.97 Load average: 0.41 1.29 1.60 <---- 5 more minutes later So I am wondering how much room left for this site to grow in current configurations? What kind of proactive actions I should take in advance? I don't want to wait until the server bursts. Thanks.

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• High apache load but zero traffic

  - by Adie

  I have a problem with new server.. I use VPS Centos with 1GB of ram and I use wordpress CMS. The traffic <100 visitor/hour, but the apache have high load and make the server hang with zero free of ram and can't connect through ssh. I should reboot the vps to make it works here is the load on Apache looks like Tasks: 66 total, 1 running, 65 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 12.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 48.1%id, 23.0%wa, 4.8%hi, 10.2%si, 0.0% Mem: 1018776k total, 116620k used, 902156k free, 1236k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 1013052k used, 35516k free, 26628k cached 2949 apache 20 0 459m 42m 3732 D 3.0 4.2 0:09.23 httpd 2959 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3744 D 2.0 3.0 0:02.72 httpd 2968 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3808 D 2.0 2.6 0:02.27 httpd 2972 apache 20 0 460m 24m 3784 D 2.0 2.5 0:02.44 httpd 2986 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3784 R 2.0 2.9 0:02.40 httpd 2969 apache 20 0 458m 29m 3864 D 1.6 3.0 0:02.63 httpd 2974 apache 20 0 460m 25m 3820 D 1.6 2.6 0:02.43 httpd 2990 apache 20 0 460m 23m 3920 D 1.6 2.4 0:02.36 httpd 2994 apache 20 0 460m 31m 3756 D 1.6 3.2 0:02.62 httpd 2956 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3740 D 1.3 2.7 0:02.73 httpd 2957 apache 20 0 465m 22m 3644 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.80 httpd 2967 apache 20 0 458m 24m 3764 D 1.3 2.5 0:02.60 httpd 2970 apache 20 0 463m 25m 3764 D 1.3 2.6 0:03.07 httpd 2971 apache 20 0 451m 22m 3792 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.47 httpd 2973 apache 20 0 458m 25m 3768 D 1.3 2.6 0:02.52 httpd 2987 apache 20 0 465m 20m 3772 D 1.3 2.1 0:03.02 httpd But sometimes the server have uptime more than 5-10hrs but after that the problems start

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• My linux server "Number of processes created" and "Context switches" are growing incredibly fast

  - by Jorge Fuentes González

  I have a strange behaviour in my server :-/. Is a OpenVZ VPS (I think is OpenVZ, because /proc/user_beancounters exists and df -h returns /dev/simfs drive. Also ifconfig returns venet0). When I do cat /proc/stat, I can see how each second about 50-100 processes are created and happens about 800k-1200k context switches! All that info is with the server completely idle, no traffic nor programs running. Top shows 0 load average and 100% idle CPU. I've closed all non-needed services (httpd, mysqld, sendmail, nagios, named...) and the problem still happens. I do ps -ALf each second too and I don't see any changes, only a new ps process is created each time and the PID is just the same as before + 1, so new processes are not created, so I thought that process growing in cat /proc/stat must be threads (Yes, seems that processes in /proc/stat counts threads creation too as this states: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8NLgzKEzHQQJ:www.linuxhowtos.org/System/procstat.htm&hl=es&tbo=d&gl=es&strip=1). I've changed to /proc dir and done cat [PID]\status with all PIDs listed with ls (Including kernel ones) and in any process voluntary_ctxt_switches nor nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches are growing at the same speed as cat /proc/stat does (just a few tens/second), Threads keeps the same also. I've done strace -p PID to all process too so I can see if any process is crating threads or something but the only process that has a bit of movement is ssh and that movement is read/write operations because of the data is sending to my terminal. After that, I've done vmstat -s and saw that forks is growing at the same speed processes in /proc/stat does. As http://linux.die.net/man/2/fork says, each fork() creates a new PID but my server PID is not growing! The last thing I can think of is that all process data that proc/stat and vmstat -s show is shared with all the other VPS stored in the same machine, but I don't know if that is correct... If someone can throw some light on this I would be really grateful.

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• How do I secure Sql Server 2008 R2

  - by Mark Tait

  I have both a dedicated and a VPS (from Fasthosts) virtual server - the web sites/applications I run on these, access Sql Server stored on the same web server. Until now, I have logged onto Sql Server on both the deidicated and VPS server, from Sql Server Management Studio - until I noticed in my server application logs, multiple attempts to logon to Sql Server using the 'sa' username, but failed password. So someone/bot is trying hard (repeatedly every couple of hours, for approx 20 attempts during each instance) to log on... so obviously I have to lock down access to Sql Sever remotely. What I have done is gone into Configuration Manager, and in Sql Server Network Configuration - Protocols for Sql2008 and also in Sql Native Client 10.0 Configuration - Client Protocols - I have diabled Named Pipes, TCP/IP (and VIA by default). I have left Shared Memory enabled. I also disabled in Sql Server Services, the Sql Server Browser. Now the only way I can manage the databases on these servers, is by logging on to them via Remote Desktop. Can anyone confirm if this is the correct way of stopping anyone maliciously logging on to Sql Server? (I'm not a DBA or security expert - and there are hundreds of articles advising all different ways - but I was hoping for the experts here to confirm, or otherwise, if what I've done is correct) Thank you, Mark

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• Are there any open source reseller packages?

  - by Tom Wright

  My department has just been given the right/responsibility to manage our own VPS. The idea being that the bureaucracy will be less for the many small web projects we run. Since each project will be managed by a different team, I was planning on approaching a shared hosting model. Are there any free pieces of software that would help automate the provision of resources each time a team request a new project? Most of the projects have identical requirements - basically LAMP - so it would be these resources that I would want provisioning (and de-provisioning, if that is a word) automatically. Ideally, there would also be a way to hook it into our LDAP authentication backend too, though I could probably make this sort of modification if necessary. Since we won't be charging our "client" however, we won't need the ability to generate invoices, handle payments, etc. etc. EDIT: Sample workflow Login authenticated against LDAP Username checked against admin group (not on central LDAP) Click 'new project' and enter project name User created on VPS with project name as username Apache virtual host created and subdomain (using project name) allocated FTP & MySQL users created

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• NGINX Configuration Error using Codex Example: Is This a Typo in Codex?

  - by jw60660

  I installed NGINX using this tutorial: C3M Digital NGINX Tuturial but after reading this article on security issues with "cut and paste" configuration tutorials: Neal Poole's article regarding security and NGINX configuration I decided to follow Poole's suggestion to use the configuration suggested in the WordPress codex: Codex on NGINX Configuration I used the Codex configuration for a multisite installation using W3 Total Cache. When attempting to start NGINX I get an error saying that the /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed. The error message was: "Restarting nginx: nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "//" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/teambrazil.com:18" When I looked at my site specific configuration at that path I noticed the rewrite rule in the server block was: rewrite ^ $scheme://teambrazil.conf$request_uri redirect; That line in the Codex example was: rewrite ^ $scheme://mysite.conf$request_uri redirect; That looked like a mistake to me, and I changed my line to: rewrite ^ $scheme://teambrazil.com$request_uri redirect; I then attempted to restart NGINX but got the same error message. My question is: is that a mistake, and is there anything more I have to do aside from restarting NGINX after making this change. As suggested by both tutorials I set up the directories: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled and /etc/nginx/sites-available and created the appropriate symbolic links using: touch /etc/nginx/sites-available/teambrazil.com ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/teambrazil.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/teambrazil.com Is there something else I need to consider after making this correction? Or was it not an error in the first place? I'm pretty stuck here. BTW, I am using Debian squeeze as an OS on Amerinoc's VPS. I'm just getting familiar with VPS administration and am pretty much a noob. Thanks very much, would appreciate any input.

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• Why do hosts prefer Linux to Windows Server?

  - by iconiK

  So far I see a HUGE majority of hosts provide only Linux shared hosting, providing Windows only to VPS (or even to only dedicated servers). Why is it so? While Windows is a lot more expensive than Linux (though it depends on a lot of factors, not just initial and support license cost), it also provides ASP.NET, IIS and of course, Microsoft SQL Server. I know in the past it might have been because of cPanel being Linux only but now they have a Windows version. But still, why is Linux predominantly used on shared hosting? PHP works on both systems. IIS can be (and probably is) faster. MySQL runs on both systems as well. cPanel has a Windows version. Python, Perl, Ruby, all run on Windows as well. You even have MS SQL Server Express, which I find more superior than MySQL in both speed and features. Access is there for low usage requirements, as is SQLite (which is so great for quick small stuff). And with PowerShell you have a good alternative to the Unix shell. EDIT: I am looking for common reasons, I realize each hosting company (and/or it's clients) may have different needs. This becomes very important when you get to VPS or Cloud which give you a full operating system to use.

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• Extremely high mysqld CPU usage with no active queries

  - by RadarNyan

  I have a VPS running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with LEMP stack, followed the guide from Linode Library (since I'm using a Linode) to setup, and everything worked fine until now. I don't know what's wrong, but my CPU usage just goes up since a week ago. Today things getting really bad - I got 74% CPU usage so I went check and found that mysqld taking too much CPU usage (somewhere around 30% ~ 80%) So I did some Google Search, tried disable InnoDB, restart mysql, reset ntp / system clock (Isn't this bug supposed to happen more than a year ago?!) and reboot my VPS, nothing helped. Even with mysql processlist empty, I still get mysqld CPU usage very high. I don't know what I missed and have totally no idea, any advice would be appreciated. Thanks in advance. Update: I got these from running "strace mysqld" write(2, "InnoDB: Unable to lock ./ibdata1"..., 44) = 44 write(2, "InnoDB: Check that you do not al"..., 115) = 115 select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, {1, 0}^[[A^[[A) = 0 (Timeout) fcntl64(3, F_SETLK64, {type=F_WRLCK, whence=SEEK_SET, start=0, len=0}, 0xbfa496f8) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable) hum... I did tried to disable InnoDB and it didn't fix this problem. Any idea? Update2: # ps -e | grep mysqld 13099 ? 00:00:20 mysqld then use "strace -p 13099", the following lines appears repeatedly: fcntl64(12, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(12, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 accept(12, {sa_family=AF_FILE, NULL}, [2]) = 14 fcntl64(12, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 getsockname(14, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"}, [30]) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDONLY) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, "\36\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, "<\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_IP, IP_TOS, [8], 4) = -1 EOPNOTSUPP (Operation not supported) futex(0xb786a584, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0xb786a580, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1 futex(0xb7869998, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1 poll([{fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=12, events=POLLIN}], 2, -1) = 1 ([{fd=12, revents=POLLIN}]) er... now I totally don't get it x_x help

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• Apache httpd processes and PHP out of memory

  - by Ofri

  I have a VPS running apache-php-mysql on centos and a single drupal website installed. The VPS has 256MB of RAM (could be the root cause of all my problems... maybe I just need more). Whenever I try to open my website from multiple browser tabs (about 8... not 800) all at once, apache crashes! I have this on the log: [Wed Oct 24 11:26:31 2012] [error] [client xxx] PHP Fatal error: Out of memory (allocated 28049408) (tried to allocate 201335 bytes) in xxx on line 2139, referer: xxx I have read many many posts here, but I think there is something fundamental that I'm missing - If I understand correctly some php script tried to allocate 200K after allocating 28MB, and fails to do so. First question is: should this cause the apache to crash??? Next, I tried to look at 'top' command while I do my little test. Indeed I see 7 httpd processes, each reserving about 30MB - which explains why my RAM runs out. How do I prevent apache from creating new processes until it's out of memory? I tried configuring /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf like this: <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 1 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 1 ServerLimit 1 MaxClients 1 MaxRequestsPerChild 100 </IfModule> But got the same exact result! What am I missing? Thanks a lot!

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• Debian x86_64 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM optimization

  - by Olal'a

  I used to have a VPS (512MB) from Linode and I was running nginx + php5-fpm (which comes with php5.3.3) on Debian Lenny (i686). The total memory usage was about 90-100MB. Now I have another VPS (different hosting company) and I also run nginx + php5-fpm on Debian Lenny (x86_64). The system is 64-bit, so the memory usage is higher now, about 210-230MB, which I think is too much. Here is my php5-fpm.conf: pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 300 That's what top command tells me: top - 15:36:58 up 3 days, 16:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 209 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.9%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 469628k used, 62660k free, 28760k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 210060k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22806 www-data 20 0 178m 67m 31m S 1 13.1 0:05.02 php5-fpm 8980 mysql 20 0 241m 55m 7384 S 0 10.6 2:42.42 mysqld 22807 www-data 20 0 162m 43m 22m S 0 8.3 0:04.84 php5-fpm 22808 www-data 20 0 160m 41m 23m S 0 8.0 0:04.68 php5-fpm 25102 www-data 20 0 151m 30m 21m S 0 5.9 0:00.80 php5-fpm 10849 root 20 0 44100 8352 1808 S 0 1.6 0:03.16 munin-node 22805 root 20 0 145m 4712 1472 S 0 0.9 0:00.16 php5-fpm 21859 root 20 0 66168 3248 2540 S 1 0.6 0:00.02 sshd 21863 root 20 0 66028 3188 2548 S 0 0.6 0:00.06 sshd 3956 www-data 20 0 31756 3052 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3954 www-data 20 0 31712 3036 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.74 nginx 3951 www-data 20 0 31712 3008 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3957 www-data 20 0 31688 2992 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.56 nginx 3950 www-data 20 0 31676 2980 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.72 nginx 3955 www-data 20 0 31552 2896 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.56 nginx 3953 www-data 20 0 31552 2888 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.42 nginx 3952 www-data 20 0 31544 2880 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.60 nginx So, the question is there any way to use less memory? Btw, I have 16 cores and it would be nice to make use of them...

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• git : The remote end hung up unexpectedly - too many simultaneous users?

  - by Pritam Barhate

  I asked this first on StackOverflow and I was suggested that I should ask it here: We have a self hosted git server (Gitolite) on a VPS account (CPU:2.68GHz RAM:1824MB). This same VPS is also used to publish our underdevelopment web apps for client demos. (Very little traffic). so the main use of the server is as a Git Server Only. This git server is accessed by a team of 30-40 people for various projects. Our problem is that during the day when 6-7 people are trying to access the server (sometimes same repo) we get frequent error message: ssh: connect to host xxx.xxx.xx.xx port 22: Bad file number fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly After trying for 10-15 minutes it generally succeeds. During early mornings and late nights when there are only 1-2 people, git commands work with 100% success rate. Also I would like to note that if I access the other file hosted on the server through HTTP it works fine. I found a couple of questions on StackOverflow and on other sites regarding this. But most of the people point towards SSH key set up or conflicts between Msysgit and Cygns SSH. However I don't think this is the problem in our case as we get this behavior on Windows (using msysgit only) as well as Mac Machines. Also if it was SSH configuration issue then it shouldn't work at all. But in our case it works after 10-15 minutes. I think in our case it might be too many simultaneous connections to same server (or same repo) or something like that. Does there exists a setting or a conf file that needs to modified to solve this problem? Please help me solve this problem or point me in the right direction. Thanks in advance. Pritam.

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• Debian x86_64 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM optimization

  - by user55859

  I used to have a VPS (512MB) from Linode and I was running nginx + php5-fpm (which comes with php5.3.3) on Debian Lenny (i686). The total memory usage was about 90-100MB. Now I have another VPS (different hosting company) and I also run nginx + php5-fpm on Debian Lenny (x86_64). The system is 64-bit, so the memory usage is higher now, about 210-230MB, which I think is too much. Here is my php5-fpm.conf: pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 300 That's what top command tells me: top - 15:36:58 up 3 days, 16:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 209 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.9%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 469628k used, 62660k free, 28760k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 210060k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22806 www-data 20 0 178m 67m 31m S 1 13.1 0:05.02 php5-fpm 8980 mysql 20 0 241m 55m 7384 S 0 10.6 2:42.42 mysqld 22807 www-data 20 0 162m 43m 22m S 0 8.3 0:04.84 php5-fpm 22808 www-data 20 0 160m 41m 23m S 0 8.0 0:04.68 php5-fpm 25102 www-data 20 0 151m 30m 21m S 0 5.9 0:00.80 php5-fpm 10849 root 20 0 44100 8352 1808 S 0 1.6 0:03.16 munin-node 22805 root 20 0 145m 4712 1472 S 0 0.9 0:00.16 php5-fpm 21859 root 20 0 66168 3248 2540 S 1 0.6 0:00.02 sshd 21863 root 20 0 66028 3188 2548 S 0 0.6 0:00.06 sshd 3956 www-data 20 0 31756 3052 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3954 www-data 20 0 31712 3036 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.74 nginx 3951 www-data 20 0 31712 3008 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3957 www-data 20 0 31688 2992 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.56 nginx 3950 www-data 20 0 31676 2980 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.72 nginx 3955 www-data 20 0 31552 2896 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.56 nginx 3953 www-data 20 0 31552 2888 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.42 nginx 3952 www-data 20 0 31544 2880 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.60 nginx So, the question is there any way to use less memory? Btw, I have 16 cores and it would be nice to make use of them...

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• Standard PHP configuration command for centos 6.5

  - by Krishna

  First of all let me tell you my knowledge in managing server and configuring script is very basic. Now I am trying to setup a server for my personal use. My server is up and running in Centos 6.5 with PHP, MySql and ISPConfig. I felt that even PHP is installed it needs some configuration for a standard web server. I searched on and found some 'configure' command but none working. The reason they did not have a specific step by step guidance on how to do this. Can somebody help me to configure PHP in a standard way? Thanks in advance. Some more detail, as required - 1. I did not install PHP from source. 2. Yes, I want some standard modules to be enabled in PHP 3. I also want to know do I need to change some settings on default? I do have a managed VPS, so do you suggest me to copy php.ini from that VPS to new dedicated server so all required settings which is working fine for me to be copied here also? Thanks

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• Can a Windows Domain play along with a Hosted Exchange service?

  - by benzado

  I'm setting up a computer network for a small (10-20 people) company. They are currently using a Hosted Exchange service they are totally happy with. Other than that, they are starting from scratch (office doesn't even have furniture yet). They will need some kind of file sharing server set up in their office. If I set up a machine as a file server and nothing more, users will have three passwords to deal with: local machine, file server, and email. If I set up a Domain Controller, identities for local machine and file server will be the same. But what about the Hosted Exchange server? Must the users have a separate email password, or is it possible to combine the two? (I realize it might depend on the specific hosting provider, but is it possible?) If not, it seems like I have these options: Deal with it: users have a separate email password. Host Exchange on the local server: more than they want to manage in-house? Purchase a hosted VPS, make it part of the domain, and host Exchange there. (Or can/should a VPS be a domain controller?) I realize I have a lot of questions in there. The main one: is there any reason to use a Hosted Exchange service if I'm setting up other Windows services?

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• Good Enough Failover Strategy for DNS / MySQL / Email

  - by IMB

  I've asked and read a lot questions regarding DNS failover but the more I read the more complicated it becomes, some people say it's good enough some say it isn't. No clear answers from what I read. I was wondering if we can set it straight once and for all, at least for the requirements of most websites out there. Right now let's assume the following: We don't need really need load-balancing, what we need is a failover solution. We are running a website based on LAMP on a VPS. We need to make sure that the Web Server, MySQL, Email are always accessible if not 99%. Basically here's my idea and questions about it: Web Server: We need at least one failover server (another VPS on a separate data center). Is DNS Failover via Round Robin good, if not, what's the best? And how do you exactly implement it? How do you make the files you upload/delete on Server A is also on Server B? MySQL: I've only read a brief intro to MySQL replication and I assume that I can replicate Server A to Server B and vice versa on the fly right? So just it case Server A fails and Server B is now running, it will continue to work and replicate to Server A when it becomes available. So in essence Server B is now the primary server, and will later on failover to Server A, should a failure happen again. Email: If we are gonna use DNS Failover, using webmail or relying on emails stored on the server is probably not a good idea right? Since some emails might be on Server A while some might be on Server B? I assume a basic email forwarder to a 3rdparty is good enough (like Gmail for example) to ensure all emails are kept in one place. Here's a basic diagram for a better picture: http://i.stack.imgur.com/KWSIi.png

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• Reset rc.d so software starts at boot again

  - by natli

  I ran the following 2 commands on my VPS box and now it boots without starting any software at all. According to rcconf it's still supposed to start my chosen software (ssh etc.) but it doesn't. update-rc.d vz defaults update-rc.d vzeventd defaults I already tried removing them again with update-rc.d -f vz remove update-rc.d -f vzeventd remove But that didnt't change anything. /etc/rc.local also still correctly lists some scripts I want to run at start-up, but they don't seem to be called either. I expect the top 2 commands to be responsible, but here's everything I did: mkdir /var/openvz-dl cd /var/openvz-dl wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel6-2.6.32/042stab062.2/vzkernel-2.6.32-042stab062.2.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/rhel6-2.6.32/042stab062.2/vzkernel-devel-2.6.32-042stab062.2.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzctl/4.0/vzctl-4.0-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzctl/4.0/vzctl-core-4.0-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/ploop/1.5/ploop-1.5-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/ploop/1.5/ploop-lib-1.5-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://download.openvz.org/utils/vzquota/3.1/vzquota-3.1-1.x86_64.rpm apt-get install fakeroot alien fakeroot alien --to-deb --scripts --keep-version vz*.rpm ploop*.rpm dpkg -i vz*.deb ploop*.deb --force-overwrite update-rc.d vz defaults update-rc.d vzeventd defaults reboot A huge part of that failed because I was running it on an OpenVZ VPS which has a shared kernel that can't be altered, so I also had to fix the dpkg like so (it was moaning about wanting to install vzkernel with a package not being found); rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/vzkernel* dpkg-reconfigure vzkernel --force dpkg --purge --force-all vzkernel But that didn't fix the boot issue either. How do I make my software start at boot again?

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• OpenVPN server will not redirect traffic

  - by skerit

  I set up an OpenVPN server on my VPS, using this guide: http://vpsnoc.com/blog/how-to-install-openvpn-on-a-debianubuntu-vps-instantly/ And I can connect to it without problems. Connect, that is, because no traffic is being redirected. When I try to load a webpage when connected to the vpn I just get an error. This is the config file it generated: dev tun server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem push "route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0" push "redirect-gateway" comp-lzo keepalive 10 60 ping-timer-rem persist-tun persist-key group daemon daemon This is my iptables.conf # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *raw :PREROUTING ACCEPT [37938267:10998335127] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616847:14165347907] COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [794948:91051460] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [1603974:108147033] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1603974:108147033] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [37938267:10998335127] :INPUT ACCEPT [37677226:10960834925] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616847:14165347907] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [35680187:14169930490] COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [37677226:10960834925] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [35616848:14165347947] -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_IN:" --log-level 7 -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_OUT:" --log-level 7 -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_IN:" --log-level 7 -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-prefix "BANDWIDTH_OUT:" --log-level 7 COMMIT # Completed on Sat May 7 13:09:44 2011

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• Troubles with apache and virtual hosts

  - by xZero

  I have a BIG problem. I have VPS with Debian OS, and LAMP installed. Fresh install. For control panel i using Webmin. Now i trying to setup multiple sub-domains on my server using webmin for example: downloads.my-domain.com cpanel.my-domains.com forum.my-domains.com But problem what is happening is next, while i using no virtual hosts, everything works perfectly when i accessing it using my-domain.com, but when i add Virtual host, i cann access it but my-domain.com becomes unavilable because it redirects to virtual hosts i added. When i add more than 2 virtual hosts, problem is still here. Also, when i try to access to virtual server for example downloads.my-domain.com, it redirects again to cpanel.my-domains.com When i delete virtual hosts, access to my-domain.com is succesfull... What i known: - That is not problem with my domain provider. I correctly added subdomains and added host record to my VPS IP. - I added unique name to every single virtual host. - There are no two same virtual hosts - Every virtaul hosts have own directory: for example: downloads.my-domain.com have own WWW dir: /var/downloads Can somebody help me? Thanks.

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• Setting up Web server so it is easy to migrate

  - by Nyxynyx

  Hi I am about to move my site from a VPS to another host's dedicated server. One of my concern is about scaling the site in the future that involves a change of server. Now that I am starting the dedicated server from scratch with only the OS, this means that I need to install the web server stack, including Apache and its mods, PHP, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Tomcat, Solr and a few other softwares like ImageMagick and git. Question: Is there a way for me to setup this new dedicated server such that I can easily migrate the entire site, both the technology stack and the code to the a newer server (upgrade from this new dedicated server) easily without reinstalling and reconfiguring everything? The code for the website is being handled by git and github so thats not a problem. I'm more conerned about the rest of the software required. Side question: The current VPS uses CentOs with cpanel and it seems that many packages are outdated on yum and cpanel interfers with the installation of many packages. Which OS should I go with for the new server? Ubuntu?

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• Website latency and bad tcp packets

  - by Mistero Lupo

  I have multiple websites hosted on a Linode VPS and I'm having an issue with one of them: every page that I try to load has about 10 seconds latency. Apache logs are clean and the other websites on the same machine are running well. At a first glance I tought it was a memory problem since the VPS has got only 512M, but from the linode dashboard CPU and Disk I/O are normal. Anyway here we have the ram status: $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 487 463 23 0 2 55 -/+ buffers/cache: 404 82 Swap: 255 155 100 Only 23M free, but if it was a memory problem why other websites are going as usual? I took a live capture with wireshark, and there are some duplicates SYN ACK packets just before the 10 seconds gap. I'm out of ideas, looking for some clues. Wireshark live capture screenshot As you can see from the image, the gap is after the last bad tcp. Thank you in advance. UPDATE I've checked Apache2 logs in debug error level, and this is where something is appening: 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:40 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6801578/subreq] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] applying pattern '^index\.php$' to uri 'index.php' 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:40 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6801578/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] pass through /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/index.php 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:54 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6537c78/initial] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php -> wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:54 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6537c78/initial] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] applying pattern '^index\.php$' to uri 'wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php' As you can see there is a gap of 14 seconds after the pass through of index.php. Any suggestions? I'm out of ideas again.

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• Plesk Uninstall Memory issue

  - by user115079

  I am trying to uninstall plesk from my VPS by running following command: yum remove sw-* psa-* plesk-* when i run this command i get following error: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test memory alloc (4 bytes) returned NULL. First time when i run above command, this mem alloc (4 bytes) was very big number like (67864987). then i googled it, got some clear/ulimit commands. executed them. rebooted my system. stopped all process and executed this command again. but still getting 4 byte issue. dont know how to get rid of it. I also tried ulimit after reboot but no success and Yes. No swap attached. these are stats of my system [root@vps ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 384 67 316 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 67 316 Swap: 0 0 0 top - 21:01:07 up 3:12, 1 user, load average: 0.24, 0.08, 0.03 Tasks: 31 total, 2 running, 29 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 393216k total, 69832k used, 323384k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached is there any other alternative to achieve my goal to uninstall plesk? thanks.

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• Strange Domain name under the same IP Address

  - by Mike Chip

  There's something really weird happening in my server. But first things first: I wanted to have my website and chose the domain name "myowndomain.com", Now on my domain registrar I point "myowndomain.com" to the address of my recently setup VPS, let's say 50.50.50.50 So I installed everything I needed to run my website, and I started to notice strange queries coming from different IP Addresses. Like these [client 123.123.123.123] File does not exist: /var/www/html/api, referer: http://www.strangedomain.com/api/manyou/my.php [client 456.456.456.456] File does not exist: /var/www/html/api, referer: http://www.strangedomain.com/api/manyou/my.php or like this (Really a long line, I cut some things) GET /?s=vod-show-id-22-area-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-language-%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD.html HTTP/1.1" 301 295 "http://v.strangedomain.com/?s=vod-s ...[cut]... spider" That above is happening the most. The 'strangedomain.com' returns the same IP address of my VPS which my website is hosted on. The whois of such domain shows it's registered to a chinese. But the street name didn't look so right (like a huge single word), so I think all of that info might be fake, but still might be a chinese. I also noticed that all 'clients' trying to access the 'strangedomain.com' is coming from china. If I type in the browser 'strangedomain.com', I see my website. I'm worried, because my website is actually an e-commerce. I don't know if 'strangedomain.com' WAS a website on 50.50.50.50 in the not so far past, or if it's something else.

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