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How to setup a Wireless Access-Point using my laptop's WiFi card?

- by Abdul Karim Memon

want to share my Laptops (running Ubuntu 10.10) Broadband with my Android (Galaxy Mini) running 2.2.1. Since Androids currently do not support ad-hoc networks so the "Create new wireless network.." won't help. Q1) How do i setup a Wireless Access Point using my Laptops WiFi card? Q2) What is the difference between an "ad-hoc" network and an "access point"? **abdulkarim@aK-laptop**:~$ lspci | grep ireless 03:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9287 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) iw list Wiphy phy0 Band 1: Capabilities: 0x11ce HT20/HT40 SM Power Save disabled RX HT40 SGI TX STBC RX STBC 1-stream Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 8 usec (0x06) HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15 Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (20.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (20.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (20.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (20.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (20.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (20.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (20.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (20.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (20.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (20.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (20.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2472 MHz [13] (20.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2484 MHz [14] (disabled) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * ** AP * AP/VLAN** * monitor * mesh point Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * Unknown command (55) * Unknown command (57) * Unknown command (59) * set_wiphy_netns * Unknown command (65) * connect * disconnect

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How do I know if I'm getting the most out of my video card?

- by b.long

My computer at home is a bit lacking, so I want to make sure I'm getting the most out of it while I can. Generally speaking, here are the specs: 4GB Memory AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5200+ × 2 64-bit Ubuntu The terminal shows me the following: me@home:~$ uname -a Linux home 3.0.0-17-generic #30-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 8 20:45:39 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux me@home:~$ lspci | grep VGA 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RV380 [Radeon X600 (PCIE)] me@home:~$ sudo lshw -C video *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: RV380 [Radeon X600 (PCIE)] vendor: ATI Technologies Inc physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=radeon latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:ac00(size=256) memory:fdef0000-fdefffff memory:fdec0000-fdedffff *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: RV380 [Radeon X600] vendor: ATI Technologies Inc physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fdee0000-fdeeffff me@home:~$ lspci -nn | grep VGA 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: ATI Technologies Inc RV380 [Radeon X600 (PCIE)] [1002:5b62] The additional drivers menu in System Settings shows me nothing useful and my attempt at installing ATI's Catalyst Control center (drivers that came with the video card) failed. I believe the latest version of Ubuntu at the time was 9.x. What should I do? Install an old version of Ubuntu 9? Use some alternative driver? UPDATE: I might try my hand at a bit from this answer next: "Installing Catalyst Manually (from AMD/ATI's site)" . From a terminal, fgl_glxgears returns *"fgl_glxgears: command not found"*. Any thoughts?

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How do I fix my ethernet card losing network connection every few minutes with kernels 3.8.x?

- by igoryonya

I'm using Ubuntu 13.04. My laptop is Acer Aspire one 722-c58rr, and my ethernet card works for a few seconds at a time with kernels 3.8.x, however, kernels 3.5.x and below worked fine. On kernels 3.8.x, it works fine after boot for about a minute, then it looses network connection. When pinging to some address, it says: network address is unreachable, but it can ping it's own address. The address is statically configured. Everything was working fine before. I went to vacation, where I used WiFi and 3G connections, so I didn't notice that the problem occurred. Came back home, plugged in into the ethernet. It worked for a minute then stopped. Rebooting commutator fixed the problem. Tried to connect to a different commutator, same problem. Unplugging and plugging the cable fixes the problem for another minute. Disconnecting eth in Network manager and reconnecting it again, does the same thing. WiFi has no such problem. Tried to use a different cable that works fine on another computer, the same problem. Tried to boot with the lower kernel version, the same problem was happening until I got to the version 3.5 of the kernel series. Everything works fine on the kernel 3.5.x, but I don't want to miss out on the new kernel's features. Executing commands, when booted with 3.8 kernel series, give the following results: lspci| grep -i eth: 06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR8152 v2.0 Fast Ethernet (rev c1) dmesg| grep eth1: [ 89.548291] atl1c 0000:06:00.0: atl1c: eth1 NIC Link is Up How do I fix it, while staying in the new kernel version?

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How can I get nVidia CUDA or OpenCL working on a laptop with nVidia discrete card/Intel Integrated Graphics?

- by PeterDC

Background: I'm a 3D artist (as a hobby) and have recently started using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS as a dual-boot with Windows 7. It's running on my a fairly new 64-bit Toshiba laptop with an nVidia GeForce GT 540M GPU (graphics card). It also, however has Intel Integrated Graphics (which I suspect Ubuntu's been using). So, when I render my 3D scenes to images on Windows, I am able to choose between using my CPU or my nVidia GPU (faster). From the 3D application, I can set the GPU to use either CUDA or OpenCL. In Ubuntu, there's no GPU option. After doing (too much?) research on the issues with Linux and the nVidia Optimus technology, I am slightly more enlightened, but a lot more confused. I don't care one bit about the Optimus technology, as battery life is not by any means an issue for me. Here's my question: What can I do to be able to use CUDA-utilizing programs (such as Blender) on my nVidia GPU in Ubuntu? Will I need nVidia drivers? (I have heard they don't play nicely with Optimus setups on Linux.) Is there at least a way to use OpenCL on my GPU in Ubuntu?

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Another sound not working post

- by Thomas Smart

Tried all the other "sound not working" posts i think, lost count. purge/reinstall alsa and pulse, reboot, add user to audio group, various lines in the alsa config file such as "options snd-hda-intel model=" then tried different options like generic, auto, basic, default, etc. tried pulseaudio -k && sudo alsa force-reload a few times, with and without rebooting. Hardware: 16gb ram, core I7-4790, Intel Haswell mboard with onboard sound and graphics Multimedia: Audio Adapter: HDA-Intel-HDA Intel HDMI OS: Ubuntu server 14.04 with ubuntu-desktop installed. GUI sound settings lists only the dummy sound card alsamixer -c 0 ¦ Card: HDA Intel HDMI F1: Help ¦ ¦ Chip: Intel Haswell HDMI F2: System information ¦ ¦ View: F3:[Playback] F4: Capture F5: All F6: Select sound card ¦ ¦ Item: S/PDIF ¦ ¦ +--+ ¦ ¦ ¦OO¦ ¦ ¦ +--+ ¦ ¦ < S/PDIF > ¦ aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 aplay -L default Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server null Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture) pulse PulseAudio Sound Server hdmi:CARD=HDMI,DEV=0 HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0 HDMI Audio Output dmix:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3 HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0 Direct sample mixing device dsnoop:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3 HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0 Direct sample snooping device hw:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3 HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0 Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=HDMI,DEV=3 HDA Intel HDMI, HDMI 0 Hardware device with all software conversions cat /proc/asound/cards 0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDMI HDA Intel HDMI at 0xf7d14000 irq 46 cat /proc/asound/devices 1: : sequencer 2: [ 0- 3]: digital audio playback 3: [ 0- 0]: hardware dependent 4: [ 0] : control 33: : timer mplayer -ao alsa:device=hdmi /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg MPlayer 1.1-4.8 (C) 2000-2012 MPlayer Team mplayer: could not connect to socket mplayer: No such file or directory Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control. Playing /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg. libavformat version 54.20.4 (external) Mismatching header version 54.20.3 libavformat file format detected. [lavf] stream 0: audio (vorbis), -aid 0 Load subtitles in /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/ ========================================================================== Opening audio decoder: [ffmpeg] FFmpeg/libavcodec audio decoders libavcodec version 54.35.0 (external) AUDIO: 44100 Hz, 1 ch, floatle, 80.0 kbit/5.67% (ratio: 10000->176400) Selected audio codec: [ffvorbis] afm: ffmpeg (FFmpeg Vorbis) ========================================================================== [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:768:(parse_card) cannot find card '1' [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: confmisc.c:1251:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4248:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: conf.c:4727:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory [AO_ALSA] alsa-lib: pcm.c:2239:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM hdmi [AO_ALSA] Playback open error: No such file or directory Failed to initialize audio driver 'alsa:device=hdmi' Could not open/initialize audio device -> no sound. Audio: no sound Video: no video Exiting... (End of file) mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=0.3 /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg MPlayer 1.1-4.8 (C) 2000-2012 MPlayer Team mplayer: could not connect to socket mplayer: No such file or directory Failed to open LIRC support. You will not be able to use your remote control. Playing /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg. libavformat version 54.20.4 (external) Mismatching header version 54.20.3 libavformat file format detected. [lavf] stream 0: audio (vorbis), -aid 0 Load subtitles in /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/ ========================================================================== Opening audio decoder: [ffmpeg] FFmpeg/libavcodec audio decoders libavcodec version 54.35.0 (external) AUDIO: 44100 Hz, 1 ch, floatle, 80.0 kbit/5.67% (ratio: 10000->176400) Selected audio codec: [ffvorbis] afm: ffmpeg (FFmpeg Vorbis) ========================================================================== [AO_ALSA] Format floatle is not supported by hardware, trying default. AO: [alsa] 44100Hz 2ch s16le (2 bytes per sample) Video: no video Starting playback... A: 0.4 (00.4) of 0.8 (00.7) 0.1% Exiting... (End of file) Thank you for your time and help :)

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How to know my wireless card has injection enabled?

- by shrimpy

I am playing around with aircrack. And was trying to see whether my wireless card on my laptop can pass the injection test And I end up seeing the following... does it mean my wireless card is not able to run aircrack? root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"" Nickname:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=0 dBm Noise level=-57 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:781 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu# aireplay-ng -9 eth1 ioctl(SIOCSIWMODE) failed: Invalid argument ARP linktype is set to 1 (Ethernet) - expected ARPHRD_IEEE80211, ARPHRD_IEEE80211_FULL or ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM instead. Make sure RFMON is enabled: run 'airmon-ng start eth1 <#>' Sysfs injection support was not found either. root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu#

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Can someone recommend a Compact Flash card to be used as a boot disk/fixed disk.

- by Hamish Downer

I have an early Acer Aspire One netbook, and the flash drive is really slow at writing. I've taken it apart to add more RAM, but I've pretty much stopped using it. I've read about people replacing the SSD with a Compact Flash card and a CF to ZIF adapter but I've also read about some Compact Flash cards where the manufacturer has permanently disabled the boot flag to stop people doing this kind of mod. (Can't find the link any more though). (Although I have just found some info about CF cards that says "Most CompactFlash cards by default identify themselves as removable media instead of fixed disk" and that this is an issue for Windows. So my most specific question is: can someone recommend a compact flash card that does allow the boot flag to be set and to be set as Fixed Disk? Please say whether you've done it yourself, or just heard about it from someone else. Beyond that, is this generally a problem?

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What causes "All-in-one USB Card Reader" to create 6 drives that always appear in Disk Management?

- by tim11g

I installed a "All-in-one USB Card Reader" to read SD cards and other media. It has caused six new drives to appear in Disk Management with six new drive letter assignments. These drives and letters are always present, even when there are no cards in the reader. When unused, they are labeled "No Media". Why does this multifunction reader cause these phantom Disks to appear and consume drive letters? Every USB port can (and does) allow removable media to be mounted and assigned a drive letter, and the drive letter assignment "disappears" when the USB drive is removed. Why are these card reader's drives and letters staying allocated permanently? Is there anything that can be done to make the slots work like a typical USB drive? (The reader is in fact connected to USB).

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Problem with Graphics Card, Power Supply or Mother Board?

- by Rick Siegert

I have a problem that is driving me to the edge. My graphics card periodically looses power for a moment, then comes back. Once in a while it takes much longer, like 5 minutes. I have always tried rebooting during that period, since I don't know then. Black screen, with a no power message across my monitor. All equipment is only a few months old. The Motherboard is a few months old, MSI N9A2 Platinum Revision 1 (AMD). The Video Card is a Gigabyte Radeon HD 4850 1GB. The power supply is an Ultra 700w My OS is Xp Pro, sp3 Any ideas or suggestions how to solve this

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RTL8168B/8111B Lan card is not detected in Redhat..Error is make ***/lib/modules/2.6.18-53.e15/build

- by Deepak Narwal

0 Hello friends... In My computer Lan card model is Realtek RTL8168B/8111B PCI-E GIGABIT ETHERNET NIC (NDIS 6.20) My system is dual boot windows 7 and redhat 5.1.Redhat is not picking up this model of Lan card automaticlly. I tried it by downloading from realtak site for this particular model and find some .tar packages for my kernal and when i tried to install them ... check old drivers & unload it build the module and install make */lib/modules/2.6.18-53.e15/build: no such file or directory stop make[1]: *[modules] error 2 make : [modules] error 2 i downloaded tar files from sites and unpack according to their instrution i tried to run autorun.sh script as mentioned in readme file but after doing this it is showing above error... Now what to do i am not getting

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Automated testing tool development challenges (for embedded software)

- by Karthi prime

My boss want to come up with the proposal for the following tool: An IDE: Able to build, compile, debug, via JTAG programming for the micro-controller. A Test Suite, reads the code in the IDE, auto generates the test cases, and it gives the in-target unit testing results(which is done by controlling code execution in the micro-controller via IDE). A no-overhead code coverage tool which interacts with the test suite and IDE. My work is to obtain the high level architecture of this tool, so as to proceed further. My current knowledge: There are tool-chains available from the chip manufacturer for the micro-controllers which can be utilized along with an open-source IDE like Eclipse, and along with an open-source burner, a complete IDE for a micro-controller can be done. Test cases can be auto-generated by reading the source file through the process of parsing, scripting, based on keywords. Test suite must be able to command the IDE to control, through breakpoints, and read the register contents from the microcontroller - This enables the in-target unit testing. An no-overhead code coverage should be done by no-overhead code instrumentation so as to execute those in the resource constraint environment of the micro-controller. I have the following questions: Any advice on the validity of my understanding? What are the challenges I will have during the development? What are the helpful open-source tools regarding this? What is the development time for this software? Thanks

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RAID--0 " TWO " DRIVES SSD ONLY Should I use on-board / Software RAID OR a RAID Card / Control

- by Wes

I am looking at going with a TWO Drive Only SSD RAID-0 Configuration And was wondering if I would get better performance / Speed from the Use of a RAID Controller / Card Verses just using the Software RAID on my Mother Board. I have herd conflicting reports , Again I only Plan on Running " 2 " SSD Drives in RAID-0 Config I have No- problem spending the extra money for a good controller but only if I am going to benifit performance wise , Otherwise if there is no notable Gain I will just use the Software RAID that my HP-180-T came with Intel- 3.33 GHZ , 6-Core , 12-GB of DDR-3. I have a huge External drive for All Storage and am not concerned about Data loss just looking for pure speed. And if a Controller will benifit my performance Wht type of card would one suggest?

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Has anyone had luck getting an external hard drive working with a PCMCIA USB card?

- by Carl

I would like to know if anyone has had any success in getting and external 2.5" IDE hard drive in an external case (w/USB cable) working when plugged into a PCMCIA USB card. My hard drive doesn't work when plugged into my HT-Link Cardbus/PCMCIA USB 2.0 2-port card (NEC / 32-bit). My MP3 player will work fine when plugged into it. I tried plugging in both of the USB cables that are one one end (Y cable), and it doesn't make a difference. I read the problem may be insufficient power.

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Live-Ubuntu 12.04 ran fine, now stopped booting!

- by user89743

I've seen similar problems to this several times in the forum, but mine is a bit different, so the other posts I saw were no help to me. When I boot Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit from live-SD-card (3GB persistence) I suddenly get this error: (initramfs) mount: mounting /dev/loop0 on //filesystem.squashfs failed: Invalid argument Can not mount /dev/loop/0 (/cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs) on //filesystem.squashfs (it says I can type "help" for commands, but I don't know anything about how to go from there, totally new to linux) The reason I say my case is different is because my Ubuntu worked fine for over a week, even pretty fast, and now this problem happened. Before that I used to run my live ubuntu from USB sticks but that was slower (especially when booting which took 15 minutes from USB stick!). Also I kept getting the same above problem after a while when booting and had to re-create a live USB linux several times. Installing on harddrive is not an option because my harddrive has physical damage and getting a replacement will take a while, therefore I can only use live-USB or live-SD-card Ubuntu. As I said I used Ubuntu without problems for more than a week, before that as well for several weeks on USB sticks, but the above problem occured sooner or later. This time I paid attention to when it happened: I was rebooting my computer (HP 620 laptop, 4 GB RAM, 64 bit system) from SD flash card and when I was booting I selected F6 and then the first option "no acpi" or something like that...I had used it before and noticed it slowed down the time it took Linux to use. This time it caused this error. Now even when I boot normally/default I get this error. Now I'm accessing Ubuntu from my USB stick without persistence file, when I check my SD card, all the files mentioned in the error message are there and the filesystem.squashfs is 691.2 MB so nothing seems to have been deleted by accident. (I have already made many changes/downloaded programs to my SD card persistent Ubuntu and would hope to loose them, since downloading is expensive for me, and since the problem seems to re-occur...) Can anyone help me, preferably without having to create another startup disk on my SD card? I'm totally new to this. Sorry for the long posts, just didn't know what info is relevant and what isnt! Kon

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USB flash module giving errors

- by vshenoy

Hi, I have a SATA USB flash module which was earlier running a 2.4 linux kernel (2.4.36.6) and on which now I am trying to install ubuntu server 10.04.1 LTS. I have two such USB flash modules and on one of them the installation process itself giving these errors: sd 4:0:0:0 [sda] Device not ready sd 4:0:0:0 [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 4:0:0:0 [sda] Sense Key : Not Ready [current] sd 4:0:0:0 [sda] Add. Sense: Medium not present sd 4:0:0:0 [sda] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 00 05 48 02 00 00 04 00 end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 46114 usb 1-1: reset high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2 Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 172033 lost page write due to I/O error on sda1 Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 172034 lost page write due to I/O error on sda1 on the other the installation is successful, but after a day or two of running the machine hangs because of kernel spewing these messages: Remounting filesystem read-only EXT2-fs error (device sda1): read_block_bitmap: Cannot read block [bitmap - block_group = 105, block_bitmap = 860161] EXT2-fs error (device sda1): ext2_get_inode: unable to read inode block - inode=13083, block=24683 ext2_free_inode: bit already cleared for inode 83966 and the machine needs to be hard rebooted. On both the systems SCSI emulation with usb_storage driver is being used to detect the module. Here is the output of /proc/scsi/scsi on 2.4: # cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: TS Model: UFM Rev: 1100 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 and on 2.6: # cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi6 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: TS Model: UFM Rev: 1100 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 00 i.e. only 'ANSI SCSI revision:' is shown as different, although I am not sure if this can cause any problem. Really appreciate if someone can point as to how to debug this issue or any mailing list where I can further ask questions about this.

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Is a PCIE X1 card for USB 3.0 worth it?

- by lelouch

I have a portable HDD on USB 3.0, and soon I'll have a 32gb flash drive on USB 3.0 as well. My motherboard is pretty old - and the next time I'll upgrade it is when I get a new CPU/mobo/ram. Slots on my mobo: PCIE X16 - For my GTX 260 2xPCI PCIE X1 I'm considering purchasing a PCI express X1 card like this - http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/PC-Laptop-2-USB3-0-Ports-PCI-E-PCI-Express-X1-Card-New-/280772000446?pt=AU_Networking&hash=item415f50babe Now the question: What are realistic (read/write) speeds I'll get in this setup, assuming I have 1 USB 3 device connected at a time, and the bottleneck is the PCIE?

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What does the the reconstruction process of mdadm do exactly on raid10

- by Azrael

I've got a system with 4 disks set up as raid10. All disks are usable, and mdadm all states them with UUUU. Due to a recent system crash, the raid is currently reconstruction the raid as it was marked as "not clean," and a reconstruction process was started. On a closer look smartctl shows problems on one disk: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 24 cd 78 d4 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 24 cd 75 1e 00 04 00 00 With a research about the reconstruction process, I only found information concerning raid5 but nothing for raid10. Can I replace this problematic disk during the reconstruction process, or will I kill the raid with this?

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USB to DVI adapter to get around two monitor limit of my graphics card?

- by JavaJosh94

My graphics card is an nVidia GTS 450 which will only run two monitors at a time, but I'd like to add a third one. Will I be able to do that using a USB to DVI adapter or would the limit still be there? Also I've been told the video quality is really bad with these adapters, so is the quality of the video output by these adapters okay for things like web browsing and working on office thing? And is it worth the $60 or would I be better off just buying a cheep second card?

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How to know my wireless card has injection enabled?

- by shrimpy

I am playing around with aircrack. And was trying to see whether my wireless card on my laptop can pass the injection test And I end up seeing the following... does it mean my wireless card is not able to run aircrack? root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"" Nickname:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=0 dBm Noise level=-57 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:781 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu# aireplay-ng -9 eth1 ioctl(SIOCSIWMODE) failed: Invalid argument ARP linktype is set to 1 (Ethernet) - expected ARPHRD_IEEE80211, ARPHRD_IEEE80211_FULL or ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM instead. Make sure RFMON is enabled: run 'airmon-ng start eth1 <#>' Sysfs injection support was not found either. root@myubuntu:/home/myubuntu#

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Ubuntu USB flash boot drive gets spontaneous "Unhandled sense code" error and causes drive to switch to Write protected

- by Steve

What happens is that the system runs fine for several days or even a week and then suddenly the root file-system / goes read-only. Looking at the syslog it shows that there was an 'Unhandled sense code'. This is under Ubuntu 10.04 but I saw the same thing with Ubuntu 9 with different flash media. /dev/sdg1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565090] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565094] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565098] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Data Protect [current] Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565103] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Write protected Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565108] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 00 46 29 18 00 00 08 00 Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.565117] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 4598040 Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.569788] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 574499 Jun 26 08:50:04 host1 kernel: [926247.574677] lost page write due to I/O error on sda1

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Multiple monitors (3) in notebook using HDMI and vga port, with a graphic card only.

- by user34427

I have a HP dv9830us laptop. It has a vga-out and a hdmi-out port. I want to know if it's possible to use 3 devices, each one with different displays, using just one graphic card - NVIDIA GeForce 8600M GS? (Original, vga with an external monitor and hdmi with a full hd tv). Where I can find this kind of information? If not possible, I would like to know alternatives like: "Usb" solutions to be possible to connect to the external lcd or to a TV. The TV should be flawless, but the second monitor can have slow response times; Cheap PCMCIA video cards to be possible to connect to an external monitor, so I would use the hdmi with the tv and this second video card to output to another monitor. I'm using Windows 7 and Ubuntu 10.04. Is this possible in both systems?

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Atheros Wireless card shows up as two different models?

- by geermc4

Hi I've been fighting these wireless drivers for a few days and just recently i noticed that the model the Wireless controller appears in lspci is different sometimes. This is the data i have after installing Ubuntu Server 64 bit ~# lspci -k .... 04:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) Subsystem: AzureWave Device 1d89 Kernel driver in use: ath9k Kernel modules: ath9k ran some updates, restarted, all was good, all though it did say that linux-headers-server linux-image-server linux-server where beeing kept back. After that i installed ubuntu-desktop (aptitude install ubuntu-desktop --without-recommends) restarted and not only is the wireless not working anymore, but the hardware is listed as a different card ~# lspci -k .... 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5008 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) has no available drivers for it, still i tried to modprobe ath9k, they show up in lsmod as loaded, but still iw list shows nothing. this is what it looked like before the ubuntu-desktop instalation Wiphy phy0 Band 1: Capabilities: 0x11ce HT20/HT40 SM Power Save disabled RX HT40 SGI TX STBC RX STBC 1-stream Max AMSDU length: 3839 bytes DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 8 usec (0x06) HT TX/RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-7 Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (14.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (15.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (15.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (15.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (15.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (15.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (15.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (15.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (15.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (15.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (15.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (15.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2472 MHz [13] (14.0 dBm) (passive scanning) * 2484 MHz [14] (17.0 dBm) (passive scanning) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 max scan IEs length: 2257 bytes Coverage class: 0 (up to 0m) Supported Ciphers: * WEP40 (00-0f-ac:1) * WEP104 (00-0f-ac:5) * TKIP (00-0f-ac:2) * CCMP (00-0f-ac:4) * CMAC (00-0f-ac:6) Available Antennas: TX 0x1 RX 0x3 Configured Antennas: TX 0x1 RX 0x3 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * AP * AP/VLAN * WDS * monitor * mesh point * P2P-client * P2P-GO software interface modes (can always be added): * AP/VLAN * monitor interface combinations are not supported Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * join_mesh * remain_on_channel * set_tx_bitrate_mask * action * frame_wait_cancel * set_wiphy_netns * set_channel * set_wds_peer * connect * disconnect Supported TX frame types: * IBSS: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * managed: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * AP: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * AP/VLAN: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * mesh point: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * P2P-client: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 * P2P-GO: 0x0000 0x0010 0x0020 0x0030 0x0040 0x0050 0x0060 0x0070 0x0080 0x0090 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 0x00e0 0x00f0 Supported RX frame types: * IBSS: 0x00d0 * managed: 0x0040 0x00d0 * AP: 0x0000 0x0020 0x0040 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 * AP/VLAN: 0x0000 0x0020 0x0040 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 * mesh point: 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 * P2P-client: 0x0040 0x00d0 * P2P-GO: 0x0000 0x0020 0x0040 0x00a0 0x00b0 0x00c0 0x00d0 Device supports RSN-IBSS. What's with the hardware change? If it has 2, how can i make the AR9285 always load and disable AR5008, or, is it the same and it's just showing it different? :| Oh and I've tried this on Ubuntu 10.04 server, xubuntu 12.04, ubuntu 12.04 desktop and server. Thanks in advanced. -- Here's some more info, i have it setup in 2 hard drives, 1 works and the other one i'm using to figure it out The one that works... # lshw -class network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: 54:04:a6:a3:3b:96 size: 1Gbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw ip=192.168.2.147 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=1Gbit/s resources: irq:43 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:d0004000-d0004fff memory:d0000000-d0003fff *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 74:2f:68:4a:26:73 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.2.0-18-generic-pae firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:18 memory:fea00000-fea0ffff Here's where it doesn't # lshw -class network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: 54:04:a6:a3:3b:96 size: 1Gbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw ip=192.168.2.160 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=1Gbit/s resources: irq:43 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:d0004000-d0004fff memory:d0000000-d0003fff *-network UNCLAIMED description: Ethernet controller product: AR5008 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fea00000-fea0ffff Update I've noticed that if i blacklist the ath9k and ath9k_common modules lspci gives me the AR9285, but then I need to modprobe ath9k for it to work, does this make any sense? If so, why?

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How can I determine which GPU card is running at PCI Express 2.0 x16 & which is using x8?

- by M. Tibbits

Is there a way to determine the speed of the PCI Express connection to a specific card? I have three cards plugged in: two Nvidia GTX 480's (one at x16 & and one at x8) one Nvidia GTX 460 running at x8 Is there some way, either by a function call in C or an option to lspci that I can determine the bus speed of the graphics cards? When I only use one of the cards for my CUDA program, I'd like to use the one which is running at x16. Thanks! Note: lspci -vvv dumps out For the two GTX 480s. I don't see any differences that pertain to bus speed. 03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation Device 06c0 (rev a3) Subsystem: eVga.com. Corp. Device 1480 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at d4000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Region 1: Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] Region 3: Memory at bc000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] Region 5: I/O ports at df00 [disabled] [size=128] [virtual] Expansion ROM at b8000000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: nvidia Kernel modules: nvidia, nvidiafb, nouveau 03:00.1 Audio device: nVidia Corporation Device 0be5 (rev a1) Subsystem: eVga.com. Corp. Device 1480 Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 5 Region 0: [virtual] Memory at d7ffc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> 04:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation Device 06c0 (rev a3) Subsystem: eVga.com. Corp. Device 1480 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at dc000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Region 1: Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] Region 3: Memory at cc000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] Region 5: I/O ports at cf00 [size=128] [virtual] Expansion ROM at c8000000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: nvidia Kernel modules: nvidia, nvidiafb, nouveau 04:00.1 Audio device: nVidia Corporation Device 0be5 (rev a1) Subsystem: eVga.com. Corp. Device 1480 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 5 Region 0: Memory at dfffc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> And the only differences I see relate specifically to the memory mapping: myComputer:~> diff card1 card2 3c3 < Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- --- > Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- 7,11c7,11 < Region 0: Memory at d4000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] < Region 1: Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] < Region 3: Memory at bc000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] < Region 5: I/O ports at df00 [disabled] [size=128] < [virtual] Expansion ROM at b8000000 [disabled] [size=512K] --- > Region 0: Memory at dc000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] > Region 1: Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] > Region 3: Memory at cc000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] > Region 5: I/O ports at cf00 [size=128] > [virtual] Expansion ROM at c8000000 [disabled] [size=512K] 18c18 < Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- --- > Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- 19a20 > Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes 21c22 < Region 0: [virtual] Memory at d7ffc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=16K] --- > Region 0: Memory at dfffc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]

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Rails: Single Table Inheritance and models subdirectories

- by Chris

I have a card-game application which makes use of Single Table Inheritance. I have a class Card, and a database table cards with column type, and a number of subclasses of Card (including class Foo < Card and class Bar < Card, for the sake of argument). As it happens, Foo is a card from the original printing of the game, which Bar is a card from an expansion. In an attempt to rationalise my models, I have created a directory structure like so: app/ + models/ + card.rb + base_game/ + foo.rb + expansion/ + bar.rb And modified environment.rb to contain: Rails::Initializer.run do |config| config.load_paths += Dir["#{RAILS_ROOT}/app/models/**"] end However, when my reads a card from the database, Rails throws the following exception: ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound (The single-table inheritance mechanism failed to locate the subclass: 'Foo'. This error is raised because the column 'type' is reserved for storing the class in case of inheritance. Please rename this column if you didn't intend it to be used for storing the inheritance class or overwrite Card.inheritance_column to use another column for that information.) Is it possible to make this work, or am I doomed to a flat directory structure?

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GAE Entity Groups/Transaction

- by bach

Hi, Say you have a Client Buying Card object and a product object. When the client chooses the buy opition you create the object and then add a product. It should be transactional but it's not on the same entity group as the product and the card already been persisted, isn't it? Is there any way to overcome this simple scenario safely and easily? here's a code sample: Transaction tx = pm.currentTransaction(); tx.begin(); Product prod = pm.getObjectById(Product.class, "TV"); prod.setReserved(true); pm.makePersistent(prod); Card card = pm.getObjectById(Card.class, "user123"); /// <--- will thorw an exception as card and prod aren't on the same entity group card.setProd(prod); pm.makePersistent(card); try { tx.commit(); break; }

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