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  • How do I create a wifi network bridge with qemu on OS X?

    - by a paid nerd
    I grabbed a small FreeBSD live CD and QEMU, and I'm trying to bridge my Mac OS X 10.8 wifi connection so that the guest OS is available on my LAN. However, the guest OS never gets a DHCP lease. This works perfectly with VirtualBox in their "bridged" network mode, so I know it can be done. I need to get it working with QEMU because VirtualBox doesn't support the architecture that I need for this project. Here's what I've done so far based on hours of googling: Installed TUNTAP for OS X Told OS X to supposedly forward all packets, even ARP: (NOTE: This doesn't appear to work.) $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.link.ether.inet.proxyall=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 Created a bridge: $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 create $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 addm en0 addm tap0 $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 up $ ifconfig bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ac:de:xx:xx:xx:xx Configuration: priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x2 member: en0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 4 priority 0 path cost 0 member: tap0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 8 priority 0 path cost 0 tap0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ca:3d:xx:xx:xx:xx open (pid 88244) Started tcpdump with -I in the hopes that it enables promiscuous mode on the wifi device: $ sudo tcpdump -In -i en0 Run QEMU using the bridged network instructions: $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom mfsbsd-9.2-RELEASE-amd64.iso -m 1024 \ -boot d -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no But the guest system never gets a DHCP lease: If I tcpdump -ni tap0, I see lots of traffic from the wireless network. But if I tcpdump -ni en0, I don't see any DHCP traffic from the QEMU guest OS. Any ideas? Update 1: I tried sudo defaults write "/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.Boot" "Kernel Flags" "net.inet.ip.scopedroute=0" and rebooting per this mailing list suggestion, but this didn't help. In fact, it made VirtualBox bridged mode stop working.

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  • ntop to analyse bandwidth usage on multiple ASA 5505

    - by dunxd
    I have set up a netflow server at our data centre, which is connected via VPN to ~40 remote offices using Cisco ASA 5505. The aim is to analyse usage data and find out exactly how the remote connections are being used. I followed through http://techowto.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/ntop-guide.pdf to set up ntop and https://supportforums.cisco.com/docs/DOC-6114 to set up the ASAs. I can see from the Plugin Netflow Statistics page that netflow packets from my ASAs are being received - the counter is increasing. However, I am not seeing any breakdown on the Global Traffic Statistic page after switching to the Netflow interface. I'm just seeing a pie chart showing 100% traffic for eth0. The interfaces and documentation are a little hard to follow so I am not sure I have got things configured correctly. When setting up my NetFlow-device.2 I can specify Virtual NetFlow Interface Network Address - the web UI says This value is in the form of a network address and mask on the network where the actual NetFlow probe is located. is this a Network address (e.g. 192.168.0.0/24) or an actual host IP address (192.167.0.1/24)? If that should be a network address, is this the network in which one of my ASAs is or the network in which my ntop server is? If a host IP address, is this the IP address used by eth0 on my ntop server, the IP address of an ASA, or something else? Do I need a separate virtual interface for each ASA I am collecting netflow data from? Any guidance would be greatly welcome.

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  • Do all routers really must know all routes to every router?

    - by Philipili
    This is my complicated and long question. First let's talk about the context. Network topology: PC A --- RT A --- RT C --- RT B --- PC B (RT C has a WAN NIC connected to "the cloud") With this situation : PC A must send a packet to PC B Default routes direct packets to the cloud We haven't access to RT C's configuration RT C only knows how to join network A, not network B RT A knows about network B RT B knows about network A RT C's routing table: Destination NIC Gateway 0.0.0.0 WAN Cloud Network A LAN A RT A's WAN RT A's routing table: Destination NIC Gateway 0.0.0.0 WAN LAN A Network B WAN LAN A RT B's routing table: Destination NIC Gateway 0.0.0.0 WAN LAN B Network A WAN LAN B I would like to permit PC A and PC B to communicate, but I don't have access to RT C. Networks B and BC are new. Can PC A send a packet to RT B's WAN NIC (which is possible) and "ask RT B to direct the packet to PC B" ? I believe replacing RT B with a VPN server should do the trick, but I would like to know if it is possible to make it without establishing a new connection.

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  • URL sniffer/downloader

    - by Ricket
    Some websites have Flash content that plays music or videos. Most of the time they don't show you the URL of these music or videos, but for example, you can sniff a YouTube webpage and find the flv file that YouTube is actually requesting and playing. Right now I'm using Orbit Downloader, which has a feature called Grab++ that does just this; you start it, and then you refresh the page, and it shows you all files of certain types (image, audio, video) that the webpage requests, and then you can select one or more and download and it downloads them. But, I don't like Orbit, it installs plugins and has the whole download manager thing which I don't really want. What is a good alternative program? I'm not looking for websites like kickyoutube.com, I want a URL sniffer I guess. HTTPGuideDog used to be my Firefox add-on that did exactly this, but it hasn't been updated even to FF3 (and yes I know I can hack it to load anyway, I'm looking for something natively available preferably). I vaguely know of WireShark but last time I used it, I believe it captures individual packets, which is a little too fine-tuned for me. I just want to be able to see what's happening, and download something that the webpage downloaded. Oh, and I'm using Windows 7. Linux probably has some fancy command-line tool, but it just won't cut it for me. :-\ Edit: Oh, and something free please. Feel free to mention paid solutions though.

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  • CentOS tftp server is broken

    - by Mike Pennington
    I'm trying to run tftpd from xinetd on CentOS 6; however, I can only tftp from localhost. I have a file in /opt/tftpboot/fw.test.conf that I can retrieve if I tftp to localhost: [mpenning@localhost ~]$ tftp localhost tftp> get fw.test.conf tftp> quit [mpenning@localhost ~]$ ls fw.test.conf [mpenning@localhost ~]$ However, I cannot receive this file if I tftp to eth1 on this server (the address on eth1 is 172.16.1.4). [mpenning@localhost ~]$ sudo tshark -i eth1 udp and host 172.16.1.5 Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous. Capturing on eth1 0.000000 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 5.000133 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 10.000184 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 15.000297 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 20.000331 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 ^C5 packets captured [mpenning@localhost ~]$ I have the following xinetd configuration: [root@localhost mpenning]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp # default: off # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \ # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \ # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \ # and to start the installation process for some operating systems. service tftp { socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /opt/tftpboot disable = no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 } [root@localhost mpenning]#

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  • Change OpenVZ route to pass through ip failover

    - by Kevin Campion
    I have one dedicaced server with its own IP and another IP (failover) who refer to the first. I will wish to change the gateway of a Proxmox virtual machine (openvz) who runs on this dedicaced server to go through the failover IP rather than the ip of host main server. Once connected to a virtual machine, when I do a traceroute VE# traceroute www.google.fr traceroute to www.google.fr (209.85.229.104), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 MY_SERVER_NAME.ovh.net (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx FIRST_IP_MAIN_SERVER) 0.021 ms 0.010 ms 0.009 ms The first line tells me the ip of host main server. I would like that the traceroute display the second IP failover. VE# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.0.2.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 venet0 default 192.0.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 venet0 With iptables HOST# iptables -t nat -L Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- anywhere anywhere MASQUERADE all -- anywhere anywhere SNAT tcp -- anywhere 10.10.101.2 tcp dpt:www state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED,UNTRACKED to:SECOND_IP_FAILOVER SNAT all -- 10.10.101.2 anywhere to:SECOND_IP_FAILOVER 10.10.101.2 is the virtual machine IP (interface venet0) Any ideas ?

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  • Processing incorrect mac addresses from 802.11 frames with pcap

    - by Quentin Swain
    I'm working throurgh a project with pcap and wireless. Following an example posted in response to oe of my earlier questions I am trying to extract the mac addresses from wireless frames. I have created structures for the radiotap header and a basic management frame. For some reason when it comes to trying to output the mac addresses I am printing out the wrong data. When I compare to wireshark I don't see why the radio tap data is printing out correctly but the mac addresses are not. I don't see any additional padding in the hex dump that wireshark displays when i look at the packets and compare the packets that I have captured. I am somewhat famialar with c but not an expert so maybe I am not using the pointers and structures properly could someone help show me what I am doing wrong? Thanks, Quentin // main.c // MacSniffer // #include <pcap.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAXBYTES2CAPTURE 65535 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN typedef struct frame_control { unsigned int subtype:4; /*frame subtype field*/ unsigned int protoVer:2; /*frame type field*/ unsigned int version:2; /*protocol version*/ unsigned int order:1; unsigned int protected:1; unsigned int moreDate:1; unsigned int power_management:1; unsigned int retry:1; unsigned int moreFrag:1; unsigned int fromDS:1; unsigned int toDS:1; }frame_control; struct ieee80211_radiotap_header{ u_int8_t it_version; u_int8_t it_pad; u_int16_t it_len; u_int32_t it_present; u_int64_t MAC_timestamp; u_int8_t flags; u_int8_t dataRate; u_int16_t channelfrequency; u_int16_t channFreq_pad; u_int16_t channelType; u_int16_t channType_pad; u_int8_t ssiSignal; u_int8_t ssiNoise; u_int8_t antenna; }; #else typedef struct frame_control { unsigned int protoVer:2; /* protocol version*/ unsigned int type:2; /*frame type field (Management,Control,Data)*/ unsigned int subtype:4; /* frame subtype*/ unsigned int toDS:1; /* frame coming from Distribution system */ unsigned int fromDS:1; /*frame coming from Distribution system */ unsigned int moreFrag:1; /* More fragments?*/ unsigned int retry:1; /*was this frame retransmitted*/ unsigned int powMgt:1; /*Power Management*/ unsigned int moreDate:1; /*More Date*/ unsigned int protectedData:1; /*Protected Data*/ unsigned int order:1; /*Order*/ }frame_control; struct ieee80211_radiotap_header{ u_int8_t it_version; u_int8_t it_pad; u_int16_t it_len; u_int32_t it_present; u_int64_t MAC_timestamp; u_int8_t flags; u_int8_t dataRate; u_int16_t channelfrequency; u_int16_t channelType; int ssiSignal:8; int ssiNoise:8; }; #endif struct wi_frame { u_int16_t fc; u_int16_t wi_duration; u_int8_t wi_add1[6]; u_int8_t wi_add2[6]; u_int8_t wi_add3[6]; u_int16_t wi_sequenceControl; // u_int8_t wi_add4[6]; //unsigned int qosControl:2; //unsigned int frameBody[23124]; }; void processPacket(u_char *arg, const struct pcap_pkthdr* pkthdr, const u_char* packet) { int i= 0, *counter = (int *) arg; struct ieee80211_radiotap_header *rh =(struct ieee80211_radiotap_header *)packet; struct wi_frame *fr= (struct wi_frame *)(packet + rh->it_len); u_char *ptr; //printf("Frame Type: %d",fr->wi_fC->type); printf("Packet count: %d\n", ++(*counter)); printf("Received Packet Size: %d\n", pkthdr->len); if(rh->it_version != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Version: %d\n",rh->it_version); } if(rh->it_pad!=NULL) { printf("Radiotap Pad: %d\n",rh->it_pad); } if(rh->it_len != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Length: %d\n",rh->it_len); } if(rh->it_present != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Present: %c\n",rh->it_present); } if(rh->MAC_timestamp != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Timestamp: %u\n",rh->MAC_timestamp); } if(rh->dataRate != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Data Rate: %u\n",rh->dataRate); } if(rh->channelfrequency != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Channel Freq: %u\n",rh->channelfrequency); } if(rh->channelType != NULL) { printf("Radiotap Channel Type: %06x\n",rh->channelType); } if(rh->ssiSignal != NULL) { printf("Radiotap SSI signal: %d\n",rh->ssiSignal); } if(rh->ssiNoise != NULL) { printf("Radiotap SSI Noise: %d\n",rh->ssiNoise); } ptr = fr->wi_add1; int k= 6; printf("Destination Address:"); do{ printf("%s%X",(k==6)?" ":":",*ptr++); } while(--k>0); printf("\n"); ptr = fr->wi_add2; k=0; printf("Source Address:"); do{ printf("%s%X",(k==6)?" ":":",*ptr++); }while(--k>0); printf("\n"); ptr = fr->wi_add3; k=0; do{ printf("%s%X",(k==6)?" ":":",*ptr++); } while(--k>0); printf("\n"); /* for(int j = 0; j < 23124;j++) { if(fr->frameBody[j]!= NULL) { printf("%x",fr->frameBody[j]); } } */ for (i = 0;i<pkthdr->len;i++) { if(isprint(packet[i +rh->it_len])) { printf("%c",packet[i + rh->it_len]); } else{printf(".");} //print newline after each section of the packet if((i%16 ==0 && i!=0) ||(i==pkthdr->len-1)) { printf("\n"); } } return; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { int count = 0; pcap_t* descr = NULL; char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE], *device = NULL; struct bpf_program fp; char filter[]="wlan broadcast"; const u_char* packet; memset(errbuf,0,PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE); device = argv[1]; if(device == NULL) { fprintf(stdout,"Supply a device name "); } descr = pcap_create(device,errbuf); pcap_set_rfmon(descr,1); pcap_set_promisc(descr,1); pcap_set_snaplen(descr,30); pcap_set_timeout(descr,10000); pcap_activate(descr); int dl =pcap_datalink(descr); printf("The Data Link type is %s",pcap_datalink_val_to_name(dl)); //pcap_dispatch(descr,MAXBYTES2CAPTURE,1,512,errbuf); //Open device in promiscuous mode //descr = pcap_open_live(device,MAXBYTES2CAPTURE,1,512,errbuf); /* if(pcap_compile(descr,&fp,filter,0,PCAP_NETMASK_UNKNOWN)==-1) { fprintf(stderr,"Error compiling filter\n"); exit(1); } if(pcap_setfilter(descr,&fp)==-1) { fprintf(stderr,"Error setting filter\n"); exit(1); } */ pcap_loop(descr,0, processPacket, (u_char *) &count); return 0; }

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  • Wireless to Wireless Transfer Slow on a Linksys WRT54GL

    - by Kyle Brandt
    The Situation: When I try to transfer a file from one computer to another that are both connected via wireless on a WRT54GL (in a office) with dd-wrt firmware I often get bad speeds. In generally they average around 100 kilobytes a second. Either computer can download via wireless from the Internet at at about 2 megabytes a second. The speed is slow with the transfer of one large file. There are about 20 other wireless networks that the computers can see, so there is a lot of noise, but I don't have the equipment to really monitor the frequencies well. But that still seems pretty slow. I thought maybe it was the transmit on each card, but even when they are 5 feet away with a line of sight I still get these speeds. According to Linux both cards are operating at 54g. My Questions: Is this normal for this sort of consumer level wireless equipment? Anything I can do to improve it? why is wireless to wireless transfer slow when everything else isn't? Whats steps might I take to figure out what is happening? For example, are lots of packets not making to the access point requiring retransmissions? Above all, I want to find out what the problem actually is. This may seem odd, but at this point I am more interested in understanding what the problem is than fixing it. What I have tried: I have tried messing with lots of settings. Different channels, xmit power, G-Only, none of which has made anything any better. I've also tried upgrading to newer dd-wrt firmware version and doing a reset to wipe out the settings.

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  • Prevent outgoing traffic unless OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf on Mac OS X

    - by Nick
    I've been able to deny all connections to external networks unless my OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf. However, I lose Wi-Fi connectivity if the connection is broken by closing and opening the laptop lid or toggling Wi-Fi off and on again. I'm on Mac OS 10.8.1. I connect to the Web via Wi-Fi (from varying locations, including Internet cafés). The OpenVPN connection is set up with Viscosity. I have the following packet filter rules set up in /etc/pf.conf # Deny all packets unless they pass through the OpenVPN connection wifi=en1 vpn=tun0 block all set skip on lo pass on $wifi proto udp to [OpenVPN server IP address] port 443 pass on $vpn I start the packet filter service with sudo pfctl -e and load the new rules with sudo pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf. I have also edited /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.pfctl.plist and changed the line <string>-f</string> to read <string>-ef</string> so that the packet filter launches at system startup. This all seems to works great at first: applications can only connect to the web if the OpenVPN connection is active, so I'm never leaking data over an insecure connection. But, if I close and reopen my laptop lid or turn Wi-Fi off and on again, the Wi-Fi connection is lost, and I see an exclamation mark in the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar. Clicking the Wi-Fi icon shows an "Alert: No Internet connection" message: To regain the connection, I have to disconnect and reconnect Wi-Fi, sometimes five or six times, before the "Alert: No Internet connection" message disappears and I'm able to open the VPN connection again. Other times, the Wi-Fi alert disappears of its own accord, the exclamation mark clears, and I'm able to connect again. Either way, it can take five minutes or more to get a connection again, which can be frustrating. Why does Wi-Fi report "No internet connection" after losing connectivity, and how can I diagnose this issue and fix it?

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  • Uninstall php5 installed from source

    - by diegomichel
    I have tried to install php5 from source , and it worked... Then for some reason need to install the official packets, so i tried a make uninstall and for my surprise there is such make uninstall... so i tried delete all the installed files by hand. Then installed the official debian packages and it worked fine... till i need install sqlite module, which give me the following error: php --version PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP 5.3.1-5 with Suhosin-Patch (cli) (built: Feb 22 2010 22:46:05) Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies So i remember that manual install i did, and i think there is some old lib installed causing that problem, the bad thing is that there is not such make uninstall on the source code of php5... php-5.2.13 > make uninstall make: *** No rule to make target `uninstall'. Stop. I have tried reinstall and purge all php related packages via aptitude with not success. OS: Debian Squeeze. uname -a Linux desktop 2.6.32-trunk-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Jan 10 22:40:40 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux Any idea how to fix that?

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  • Real benefits of tcp TIME-WAIT and implications in production environment

    - by user64204
    SOME THEORY I've been doing some reading on tcp TIME-WAIT (here and there) and what I read is that it's a value set to 2 x MSL (maximum segment life) which keeps a connection in the "connection table" for a while to guarantee that, "before your allowed to create a connection with the same tuple, all the packets belonging to previous incarnations of that tuple will be dead". Since segments received (apart from SYN under specific circumstances) while a connection is either in TIME-WAIT or no longer existing would be discarded, why not close the connection right away? Q1: Is it because there is less processing involved in dealing with segments from old connections and less processing to create a new connection on the same tuple when in TIME-WAIT (i.e. are there performance benefits)? If the above explanation doesn't stand, the only reason I see the TIME-WAIT being useful would be if a client sends a SYN for a connection before it sends remaining segments for an old connection on the same tuple in which case the receiver would re-open the connection but then get bad segments and and would have to terminate it. Q2: Is this analysis correct? Q3: Are there other benefits to using TIME-WAIT? SOME PRACTICE I've been looking at the munin graphs on a production server that I administrate. Here is one: As you can see there are more connections in TIME-WAIT than ESTABLISHED, around twice as many most of the time, on some occasions four times as many. Q4: Does this have an impact on performance? Q5: If so, is it wise/recommended to reduce the TIME-WAIT value (and what to)? Q6: Is this ratio of TIME-WAIT / ESTABLISHED connections normal? Could this be related to malicious connection attempts?

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  • Cisco ASA dropping IPsec VPN between istself and CentOS server

    - by sebelk
    Currently we're trying to set up an IPsec VPN between a Cisco ASA Version 8.0(4) and a CentOS Linux server. The tunnel comes up successfully, but for some reason that we can't figure out, the firewall is dropping packets from the VPN. The IPsec settings in the ASA sre as follows: crypto ipsec transform-set up-transform-set esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set up-transform-set2 esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set up-transform-set3 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set up-transform-set4 esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto map linuxserver 10 match address filtro-encrypt-linuxserver crypto map linuxserver 10 set peer linuxserver crypto map linuxserver 10 set transform-set up-transform-set2 up-transform-set3 up-transform-set4 crypto map linuxserver 10 set security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto map linuxserver 10 set security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto map linuxserver interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption aes hash sha group 2 lifetime 28800 crypto isakmp policy 2 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 3 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash md5 group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 4 authentication pre-share encryption aes-192 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 5 authentication pre-share encryption aes-192 hash md5 group 2 group-policy linuxserverip internal group-policy linuxserverip attributes vpn-filter value filtro-linuxserverip tunnel-group linuxserverip type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group linuxserverip general-attributes default-group-policy linuxserverip tunnel-group linuxserverip ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * Does anyone know where the problem is and how to fix it?

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  • Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

    - by caleban
    A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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  • Port forwarding + shared connection with Ubuntu

    - by Joey Adams
    Because my wireless router's ethernet ports are defective, I set up a shared wireless connection from my laptop (which has wifi) to my eMac (which does not) via a crossover ethernet cable. The laptop is behind a router as 192.168.1.131, and the eMac is behind the laptop as 10.42.43.1 . The laptop is running Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic). I achieved the shared connection through NetworkManager Applet. I right-clicked on the network icon at the topright, went to Edit Connections, selected the Wired connection named "Auto eth0", clicked "Edit...", went to the "IPv4 Settings" tab, and selected the Method "Shared to other computers". The eMac can now access the Internet. Now I want to enable port forwarding. There's a game I want to play that needs port 6112 forwarded (both TCP and UDP) in order to host games. I set up the router to enable port forwarding for 192.168.1.131 (the laptop), but port forwarding still isn't available on the eMac. I suppose I need to pretend my laptop is a router and configure port forwarding on it, indicating that incoming connections to the laptop (192.168.1.131) should be forwarded to the eMac on the shared connection (10.42.43.1 ). Thus, packets coming into the router on port 6112 would be redirected to the laptop (by the router), then to the eMac (by the laptop). My question is, how would I do that on Ubuntu (in light of NetworkManager's presence)? Also, if I can't get this to work, does anyone mind hosting a comp stomp? :D

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  • Ubuntu Server attack? how to solve?

    - by saky
    Hello, Something (Someone) is sending out UDP packets sent from our whole ip range. This seems to be multicast DNS. Our server host provided this (Our IP Address is masked with XX): Jun 3 11:02:13 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:23 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:32 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:35 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 I checked my /var/log/auth.log file and found out that someone from China (Using ip-locator) was trying to get in to the server using ssh. ... Jun 3 11:32:00 server2 sshd[28511]: Failed password for root from 202.100.108.25 port 39047 ssh2 Jun 3 11:32:08 server2 sshd[28514]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=202.100.108.25 user=root Jun 3 11:32:09 server2 sshd[28514]: Failed password for root from 202.100.108.25 port 39756 ssh2 Jun 3 11:32:16 server2 sshd[28516]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=202.100.108.25 user=root ... I have blocked that IP address using this command: sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 202.100.108.25 -j DROP However, I have no clue about the UDP multicasting, what is doing this? who is doing it? and how I can stop it? Anyone know?

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  • open source solution to a gateway for a network of a housing cooperative of 150 people

    - by SirDinosaur
    i just inherited a barely functioning network for a student housing cooperative of about 150 people. in it's current state, as i understand it from the previous person in charge of the network, we have working wireless access points and working ethernet cords going to working gigabit switches going to a barely functioning gateway (right now a simple home router) to one of three possible outbound connections. it is possible to connect to the network through the wireless or ethernet, but especially during peak hours, packets / connections are likely dropped or otherwise get no response. my intuition tells me to replace the gateway with something that can handle multiple outbound connections (WAN) and one inbound connection (LAN), while the rest of the network seems suitable for now. i'm somewhat knowledgable in Linux (been using Debian after first Arch Linux) and i want to use as much open source as possible, but i'm confused whether or not a simple server that i could easily understand will work for this situation. do i need specialized hardware to handle the switching more effectively? if so, what are my options? (i found this, thoughts?) or if a Debian server would work, anything else i should about the specs required for this type of server? also links to any useful information on using open source to maintain this type of network would be most appreciated. <3 P.S. crossposted http://redd.it/yybp2.

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  • Assistance on setup to Connect an offsite server to the LAN via RRAS VPN - Server 2008 R2

    - by Paul D'Ambra
    I have an office LAN protected using a Zyxel Zywall USG 300. I've set up an L2TP/ipsec VPN on that which accepts connections using a shared secret and I've tested this from multiple clients. I have a server offsite and want to set up RRAS to use a persistent connection to the VPN so that it can carry out network jobs even with no one logged in (I'm using it for Micorosft DPM secondary backup). If I create a vpn as if I were setting up a users laptop it can dial in no problem but if I set up a demand dial interface in RRAS it errors. I enable RRAS ticking only demand dial interface (branch office routing) Select network interfaces, right click and choose new demand dial interface Name the VPN ToCompany Select connect using VPN And then L2TP as the vpn type enter the IP address (double-checked for typos!) select Route IP packets on this interface specify static route to remote network as 10.0.0.0/24 with metric of 1 add dial out credentials (again double checked for typos and confirmed with other vpn connections click finish now I right-click on the new interface and choose properties and then the security tab I change Data encryption to optional select only PAP for Authentication (both as per manufacturer of Zywall) click advanced settings against type of vpn and set shared secret then I select the new interface, right-click and choose connect this dials and then errors with either 720 or 811 as the error codes. However, if I create a VPN by going to Network & Sharing center and setting up as if I was creating a VPN from my laptop to the office (say) it dials successfully so I know the VPN settings are correct and the machine can connect to the VPN. Suggests very strongly the problem is how I'm setting up RRAS. Can anyone help?

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  • How to debug a kernel created using ubuntu-vm-builder?

    - by user265592
    Aim: Trying to perform a code walkthrough of what functions are getting called for sending and receiving packets over the network. I am building a kernel and using gdb for debugging/ tracing purposes. I have build a vm using the following command : time sudo ubuntu-vm-builder qemu precise --arch 'amd64' --mem '1024' --rootsize '4096' --swapsize '1024' --kernel-flavour 'generic' --hostname 'ubuntu' --components 'main' --name 'Bob' --user 'ubuntu' --pass 'ubuntu' --bridge 'br0' --libvirt 'qemu:///system' And I can run the VM successfully in qemu using the following command: qemu-system-x86_64 -smp 1 -drive file=tmpGgEOzK.qcow2 "$@" -net nic -net user -serial stdio -redir tcp:2222::22 Now, I want to debug the kernel using gdb. For this I need an executable with debug symbols(vmlinux), which apparently I don't have, as the vm-builder never asked for any such options and simply created a .qcow2 file. Question 1: Am I taking the correct approach to solve the problem and is there an easier way to do it? Question 2: Is there a way to debug this kernel using GDB? P.S: I don't have hardware support for KVM. Please correct me if I am wrong. Thanks.

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  • NAT vs public IP (and blocked ports)

    - by user1646166
    I have a problem with my ISP. They say that they don't block any ports and I have public IP, while I think these both statements are false. Before I talk to them again (which is really tough when my understanding of these terms is different than theirs) I would like to make some things clear. It seems like my computer is behind NAT (is it possible to have public IP and be behind NAT at the same moment?). When I check my IP, through some external server, and type that IP into browser I get a home page of some router (not mine). Isn't that a proof that my IP isn't public? Also, I have problems with making connections via some ports. E.g. when I'm trying to connect through some high port ( 1023) via SSH, it doesn't work. Is it possible that certain range of outgoing ports from my computer are blocked? Or is it simply because that my ssh client (PuTTY) can't receive incoming packets because of blocked incoming ports? To avoid some questions: it's not a problem with my router, I tried connecting my PC directly and it also didn't work, while having connected by 3G using phone with USB tethering, it does work. Thanks!

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  • postfix and iRedMail- Relaying Denied

    - by Lock
    I am trying to setup iRedMail and am way over my head here. I have installed it, and can send emails internally, but not externally. When I send an email from outside, I get the following return email: The error that the other server returned was: 550 550 5.7.1 <[email protected]>... Relaying denied (state 13). Now I have no idea where to start looking! Any ideas? I have really only just installed iRedMail so I am unsure what else I need to do to get it working. I've pointed my MX records to that server, so that shouldnt be the problem. Also- if i stop postfix (so nothing is listening on port 25) and send a test email, I get the same reply back. Why would I get the same reply back even if postfix is stopped? I have run tcpdump over 25 and can see the packets coming in/out, so its definitely a configuration issue! I suppose my question is not really "what is my problem", but more "What configuration needs to be completed on postfix and iRedMail?"

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  • DNS issue on Fedora 12? wget wordpress.org fails where wget www.google.com works

    - by Tom Auger
    I'm administering a Fedora 12 box, but am quite new to networking specifics. Recently one of our WordPress apps hosted on our server has stopped being able to perform its auto-update or auto-download of plugins. Investigating further, I have tried the following: $ wget wordpress.org --2010-12-17 11:26:50-- http://wordpress.org/ Resolving wordpress.org... failed: Temporary failure in name resolution. wget: unable to resolve host address âwordpress.orgâ Whereas: $ wget www.google.com --2010-12-17 11:27:26-- http://www.google.com/ Resolving www.google.com... 74.125.226.82, 74.125.226.84, 74.125.226.80, ... Connecting to www.google.com|74.125.226.82|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://www.google.ca/ [following] --2010-12-17 11:27:26-- http://www.google.ca/ Resolving www.google.ca... 173.194.32.104 Connecting to www.google.ca|173.194.32.104|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: âindex.html.4â [ <=> ] 9,079 --.-K/s in 0.02s 2010-12-17 11:27:26 (462 KB/s) - âindex.html.4â Interestingly: $ ping wordpress.org PING wordpress.org (72.233.56.138) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from wordpress.org (72.233.56.138): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=81.5 ms 64 bytes from wordpress.org (72.233.56.138): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=67.3 ms ^C --- wordpress.org ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1783ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 67.361/74.448/81.536/7.092 ms and $ nslookup wordpress.org Server: 192.168.2.1 Address: 192.168.2.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: wordpress.org Address: 72.233.56.138 Name: wordpress.org Address: 72.233.56.139 nscd has been stopped and flushed. iptables appear to be clean. At this point I have exhausted my limited abilities to diagnose the issue. Can anyone suggest a resolution path?

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  • Is timeout in tracertoutput an indication of an error?

    - by nitramk
    TCP/IP packages sent from my computer to a remote server does not always reach destination and ends up being retransmitted sometimes several times before they succeed. To troubleshoot this, I'm running a tracert to the server: Tracing route to <site> [<address>] Over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms mymachine 2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms gw.levonline.com [217.70.32.30] 3 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 81.201.213.218 4 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms bmf1-hmf1.driften.net [81.201.213.12] 5 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 10ge-2-4-cr2.a1.sth.ownit.se [84.246.88.157] 6 <1 ms * <1 ms netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.microsoft.com [195.69.11.181] 7 26 ms * * ge-3-0-0-0.ams-64cb-1a.ntwk.msn.net [207.46.42.1] 8 48 ms 57 ms 56 ms ten9-1.lts-76e-1.ntwk.msn.net [207.46.42.133] 9 * * * Request timed out. In step 6 and 7, I'm seeing timeouts while waiting for the reply from the server (as seen above). Running the same tracert many times gives varying output, sometimes the response is fine, but sometimes I get this timeout 1, 2 and sometimes for all 3 packets. The timeout always starts at the same server, netnod-ix-ge-b-sth-4470.microsoft.com. I've tried setting the tracert timeout to 10 seconds, but am still getting the timeout. Running tracert towards other servers does not give me the same timeout. Microsoft network technicians tells me that the problem is not on "their" side. Are these timeouts an indicator of a lost packet on the specific node which did not respond? Are the timeouts an indication of there being a problem, or is it normal?

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  • Network latency and speed of light

    - by James
    This was kinda of covered by the following Is minimum latency fixed by the speed of light? , but i would like to add the follow up a bit. The scenario is as follows; we have two opposing sites one on the West Coast of the US and one in Ireland. The customer is in central Europe, and has requested a latency test. Ireland gives responses of ~65-70ms. However the West Coast guys claim to be faster with a response of 60ms. Now a quick check says that light in fiber would take about 42ms to make the trip to the States and 8.5ms to Ireland. So obviously this is a single hop and does not include routers, switches, firewalls, protocol overhead etc. Would I be right to call BS on their figures? As a final note I tested a ping to Google IP address that was allegedly on the west coast from a site that covered a similar distance and was amazed to get a response time of 20ms. Suggesting ICMP packets that travel twice the speed of light. So A) what am I missing B) Am I right to suspect shenanigans? UPDATE: Guys thanks so far for your help and I have been reading various previous questions on this. About 5 years I had an issue where the hop from the UK to Ireland added 10ms of latency no matter what we did. In the end I moved the servers; So imagine my surprise when I have guys that claim they are 5ms faster with a transatlantic trip. So again should I call BS? Oh and assume both sites are normal mortals that don't have access to Google magical routing, warp dives or flux capacitors. :)

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  • What program sent which packet to the network [closed]

    - by Erik Johansson
    I would like to have a tcpdump like program that shows which program sent a specific packet, instead of just getting the port number. This is a generic problem I've had on and off sometimes when you have and old tcpdump file lying around you have no way to find what program was sending that data.. The solution in how i can identify which process is making UDP traffic on linux ? is an indication that I can solve this with auditd, dTrace, OProfile or SystemTap, but doesn't show how to do it. I.e. it doesn't show the source port of the program calling bind().. The problem I had was strange UDP packets, and since those ports are so short lived it took me a while to solve this issue. I solved this by running an ugly hack similar to: while true; date +%s.%N;netstat -panut;done So either a method better than this hack, a replacement for tcpdump, or some way to get this info from the kernel so I can patch tcpdump. EDIT: This was asked on superuser "tracking what programs sends to net", no good solution though.

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  • Same netmask or /32 for secondary IP on Linux

    - by derobert
    There appear to be (at least) two ways to add a secondary IP address to an interface on Linux. By secondary, I mean that it'll accept traffic to the IP address, and responses to connections made to that IP will use it as a source, but any traffic the box originates (e.g., an outgoing TCP connection) will not use the secondary address. Both ways start with adding the primary address, e.g., ip addr add 172.16.8.10/24 dev lan. Then I can add the secondary address with either a netmask of /24 (matching the primary) or /32. If I add it with a /24, it gets flagged secondary, so will not be used as the source of outgoing packets, but that leaves a risk of the two addresses being added in the wrong order by mistake. If I add it with /32, wrong order can't happen, but it doesn't get flagged as secondary, and I'm not sure what the bad effects of that may be. So, I'm wondering, which approach is least likely to break? (If it matters, the main service on this machine is MySQL, but it also runs NFSv3. I'm adding a second machine as a warm standby, and hope to switch between them by changing which owns the secondary IP.)

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