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  • Handling missing/incomplete data in R--is there function to mask but not remove NAs?

    - by doug
    As you would expect from a DSL aimed at data analysis, R handles missing/incomplete data very well, for instance: Many R functions have an 'na.rm' flag that you can set to 'T' to remove the NAs: mean( c(5,6,12,87,9,NA,43,67), na.rm=T) But if you want to deal with NAs before the function call, you need to do something like this: to remove each 'NA' from a vector: vx = vx[!is.na(a)] to remove each 'NA' from a vector and replace it w/ a '0': ifelse(is.na(vx), 0, vx) to remove entire each row that contains 'NA' from a data frame: dfx = dfx[complete.cases(dfx),] All of these functions permanently remove 'NA' or rows with an 'NA' in them. Sometimes this isn't quite what you want though--making an 'NA'-excised copy of the data frame might be necessary for the next step in the workflow but in subsequent steps you often want those rows back (e.g., to calculate a column-wise statistic for a column that has missing rows caused by a prior call to 'complete cases' yet that column has no 'NA' values in it). to be as clear as possible about what i'm looking for: python/numpy has a class, 'masked array', with a 'mask' method, which lets you conceal--but not remove--NAs during a function call. Is there an analogous function in R?

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  • Database Error Handling: What if You have to Call Outside service and the Transaction Fails?

    - by Ngu Soon Hui
    We all know that we can always wrap our database call in transaction ( with or without a proper ORM), in a form like this: $con = Propel::getConnection(EventPeer::DATABASE_NAME); try { $con->begin(); // do your update, save, delete or whatever here. $con->commit(); } catch (PropelException $e) { $con->rollback(); throw $e; } This way would guarantee that if the transaction fails, the database is restored to the correct status. But the problem is that let's say when I do a transaction, in addition to that transaction, I need to update another database ( an example would be when I update an entry in a column in databaseA, another entry in a column in databaseB must be updated). How to handle this case? Let's say, this is my code, I have three databases that need to be updated ( dbA, dbB, dbc): $con = Propel::getConnection("dbA"); try { $con->begin(); // update to dbA // update to dbB //update to dbc $con->commit(); } catch (PropelException $e) { $con->rollback(); throw $e; } If dbc fails, I can rollback the dbA but I can't rollback dbb. I think this problem should be database independent. And since I am using ORM, this should be ORM independent as well. Update: Some of the database transactions are wrapped in ORM, some are using naked PDO, oledb ( or whatever bare minimum language provided database calls). So my solution has to take care this. Any idea?

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  • How to read a file byte by byte in Python?

    - by zaplec
    Hi, I'm trying to read a file byte by byte, but I'm not sure how to do that. I'm trying to do it like that: file = open(filename, 'rb') while 1: byte = file.read(8) # Do something... So does that make the variable byte to contain 8 next bits at the beginning of every loop? It doesn't matter what those bytes really are. The only thing that matters is that I need to read a file in 8-bit stacks.

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  • Handling session between two pages in iframe-based facebook app.

    - by Ray Yun
    I'm a newbie to iframe based facebook application and stuck with session related problems. There are just two pages in my app. First page got many fb_sig_* parameters from facebook platform but when I click a anchor to next page, those fb_sig_* were lost because this is just direct request from end user's browser not from facebook. So I found that http://forum.developers.facebook.com/viewtopic.php?id=52885. It was told that I should not using cookie and always append every fb_sig* to every anchor. This can be the only solution for my problems? Any side effect like session expiry problem?

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  • how can we check file types before uploading them in asp.net?

    - by LostLord
    how can we check file types (formats such as jpg) without using file extensions before -uploading them- in asp.net with c# ? i am using vs 2008 + asp.net + c# + TELERIK Controls (RadUpload) ========================================================================================= imagine that some body change the text file extension to jpg and select it in a upload conrol such as radupload ... how can we recognize that this file is truely jpg or not?

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  • Creating/Handling events for controls when added during runtime.

    - by AllStar11
    I am using a Repeater which contains a placeholder. The placeholder is bound to my database and each ItemTemplate contains 1-6 radiobuttons depending on what the database returns. What I need to do is somehow keep track of which one of the radiobuttons is checked for each question so I can write the user's answers to the database when they complete the test, any ideas?? <asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" OnItemDataBound="R1_ItemDataBound" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="phAnswers" runat="server"> </asp:PlaceHolder> </ItemTemplate> </asp:Repeater> Sub R1_ItemDataBound(ByVal Sender As Object, ByVal e As RepeaterItemEventArgs) Dim tempPH As PlaceHolder tempPH = e.Item.FindControl("phAnswers") For x As Integer = 0 To (t_MC.Count - 1) newRadio = New RadioButton newRadio.ID = "Answer" + x.ToString newRadio.GroupName = "Answer" + tempQuestion.ID.ToString newRadio.Text = t_MC(x).Value newRadio.Width = 800 tempPH.Controls.Add(newRadio)

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  • Windows Structured Exception Handling: simple test program will not compile.

    - by Jon
    #include <windows.h> int main() { int* i = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); *i = 5; __try { free(i); free(i); } __except { return -1; } return 0; } I am trying to learn more about windows SEH. My first test program is giving me some real trouble. I have looked at the msdn documentation and I am still not really sure what I have wrong. I am getting the following errors when I try to compile this program: error C2059: syntax error : '{' error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{' both on line 15. Thanks.

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  • Using Mercurial (hg), how to push just one file or one directory out?

    - by Jian Lin
    Using Mercurial, we can commit one file by using hg commit file.rb or 1 folder hg commit foldername But how can we push just 1 file or 1 folder out? The whole project can be pushed using hg push ssh://[email protected]//project/code/preliminary but there seems to be no way to push out just 1 file or 1 folder? I tried the following and they don't work: hg push ssh://[email protected]//project/code/preliminary app/views/index.html.erb or hg push ssh://[email protected]//project/code/preliminary/app/views/index.html.erb

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  • Exporting WPF DataGrid to a text file in a nice looking format. Text file must be easy to read.

    - by Andrew
    Hi, Is there a simple way to export a WPF DataGrid to a text file and a .csv file? I've done some searching and can't see that there is a simple DataGrid method to do so. I have got something working (barely) by making use of the ItemsSource of the DataGrid. In my case, this is an array of structs. I do something with StreamWriters and StringBuilders (details available) and basically have: StringBuilder destination = new StringBuilder(); destination.Append(row.CreationDate); destination.Append(seperator); // seperator is '\t' or ',' for csv file destination.Append(row.ProcId); destination.Append(seperator); destination.Append(row.PartNumber); destination.Append(seperator); I do this for each struct in the array (in a loop). This works fine. The problem is that it's not easy to read the text file. The data can be of different lengths within the same column. I'd like to see something like: 2007-03-03 234238423823 823829923 2007-03-03 66 99 And of course, I get something like: 2007-03-03 234238423823 823829923 2007-03-03 66 99 It's not surprising giving that I'm using Tab delimiters, but I hope to do better. It certainly is easy to read in the DataGrid! I could of course have some logic to pad short values with spaces, but that seems quite messy. I thought there might be a better way. I also have a feeling that this is a common problem and one that has probably been solved before (hopefully within the .NET classes themselves). Thanks.

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  • Error using paho-mqtt in App Engine Python App

    - by calumb
    I am trying to right a Google Cloud Platform app in python with Flask that makes an MQTT connection. I have included the paho python library by doing pip install paho-mqtt -t libs/. However, when I try to run the app, even if I don't try to connect to MQTT. I get a weird error about IP address checking: RuntimeError: error('illegal IP address string passed to inet_pton',) It seems something in the remote_socket lib is causing a problem. Is this a security issue? Is there someway to disable it? Relevant code: from flask import Flask import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt import logging as logger app = Flask(__name__) # Note: We don't need to call run() since our application is embedded within # the App Engine WSGI application server. #callback to print out connection status def on_connect(mosq, obj, rc): logger.info('on_connect') if rc == 0: logger.info("Connected") mqttc.subscribe('test', 0) else: logger.info(rc) def on_message(mqttc, obj, msg): logger.info(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.qos)+" "+str(msg.payload)) mqttc = mqtt.Client("mqttpy") mqttc.on_message = on_message mqttc.on_connect = on_connect As well as full stack trace: ERROR 2014-06-03 15:14:57,285 wsgi.py:262] Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 239, in Handle handler = _config_handle.add_wsgi_middleware(self._LoadHandler()) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 298, in _LoadHandler handler, path, err = LoadObject(self._handler) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/runtime/wsgi.py", line 84, in LoadObject obj = __import__(path[0]) File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/main.py", line 24, in <module> mqttc = mqtt.Client("mqtthtpp") File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/lib/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 403, in __init__ self._sockpairR, self._sockpairW = _socketpair_compat() File "/Users/cbarnes/code/ignite/tank-demo/appengine-flask-demo/lib/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 255, in _socketpair_compat listensock.bind(("localhost", 0)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/dist27/socket.py", line 222, in meth return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 668, in bind self._SetProtoFromAddr(request.mutable_proxy_external_ip(), address) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 632, in _SetProtoFromAddr proto.set_packed_address(self._GetPackedAddr(address)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 627, in _GetPackedAddr AI_NUMERICSERV|AI_PASSIVE): File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 338, in getaddrinfo canonical=(flags & AI_CANONNAME)) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 211, in _Resolve canon, aliases, addresses = _ResolveName(name, families) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/remote_socket/_remote_socket.py", line 229, in _ResolveName apiproxy_stub_map.MakeSyncCall('remote_socket', 'Resolve', request, reply) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 94, in MakeSyncCall return stubmap.MakeSyncCall(service, call, request, response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_stub_map.py", line 328, in MakeSyncCall rpc.CheckSuccess() File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/api/apiproxy_rpc.py", line 156, in _WaitImpl self.request, self.response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/remote_api_stub.py", line 200, in MakeSyncCall self._MakeRealSyncCall(service, call, request, response) File "/Users/cbarnes/google-cloud-sdk/platform/google_appengine/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/remote_api_stub.py", line 234, in _MakeRealSyncCall raise pickle.loads(response_pb.exception()) RuntimeError: error('illegal IP address string passed to inet_pton',) INFO 2014-06-03 15:14:57,291 module.py:639] default: "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 - Thanks!

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  • How do I use ViewScripts on Zend_Form File Elements?

    - by Sonny
    I am using this ViewScript for my standard form elements: <div class="field" id="field_<?php echo $this->element->getId(); ?>"> <?php if (0 < strlen($this->element->getLabel())) : ?> <?php echo $this->formLabel($this->element->getName(), $this->element->getLabel());?> <?php endif; ?> <span class="value"><?php echo $this->{$this->element->helper}( $this->element->getName(), $this->element->getValue(), $this->element->getAttribs() ) ?></span> <?php if (0 < $this->element->getMessages()->length) : ?> <?php echo $this->formErrors($this->element->getMessages()); ?> <?php endif; ?> <?php if (0 < strlen($this->element->getDescription())) : ?> <span class="hint"><?php echo $this->element->getDescription(); ?></span> <?php endif; ?> </div> Trying to use that ViewScript alone results in an error: Exception caught by form: No file decorator found... unable to render file element Looking at this FAQ revealed part of my problem, and I updated my form element decorators like this: 'decorators' => array( array('File'), array('ViewScript', array('viewScript' => 'form/field.phtml')) ) Now it's rendering the file element twice, once within my view script, and extra elements with the file element outside my view script: <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="8388608" id="MAX_FILE_SIZE" /> <input type="hidden" name="UPLOAD_IDENTIFIER" value="4b5f7335a55ee" id="progress_key" /> <input type="file" name="upload_file" id="upload_file" /> <div class="field" id="field_upload_file"> <label for="upload_file">Upload File</label> <span class="value"><input type="file" name="upload_file" id="upload_file" /></span> </div> Any ideas on how to handle this properly with a ViewScript?

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  • how to know which special character is there in a file?

    - by Pangea
    My app needs to process text files during a batch process. Occassionally I receive a file with some special character at the end of the file. I am not sure what that special character is. Is there anyway I can find what that character is so that I can tell the other team which is producing that file. I have used mozilla's library to guess the file encoding and it says UTF-8.

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  • Handling user interface in a multi-threaded application (or being forced to have a UI-only main thre

    - by Patrick
    In my application, I have a 'logging' window, which shows all the logging, warnings, errors of the application. Last year my application was still single-threaded so this worked [quite] good. Now I am introducing multithreading. I quickly noticed that it's not a good idea to update the logging window from different threads. Reading some articles on keeping the UI in the main thread, I made a communication buffer, in which the other threads are adding their logging messages, and from which the main thread takes the messages and shows them in the logging window (this is done in the message loop). Now, in a part of my application, the memory usage increases dramatically, because the separate threads are generating lots of logging messages, and the main thread cannot empty the communication buffer quickly enough. After the while the memory decreases again (if the other threads have finished their work and the main thread gradually empties the communication buffer). I solved this problem by having a maximum size on the communication buffer, but then I run into a problem in the following situation: the main thread has to perform a complex action the main thread takes some parts of the action and let's separate threads execute this while the seperate threads are executing their logic, the main thread processes the results from the other threads and continues with its work if the other threads are finished Problem is that in this situation, if the other threads perform logging, there is no UI-message loop, and so the communication buffer is filled, but not emptied. I see two solutions in solving this problem: require the main thread to do regular polling of the communication buffer only performing user interface logic in the main thread (no other logic) I think the second solution seems the best, but this may not that easy to introduce in a big application (in my case it performs mathematical simulations). Are there any other solutions or tips? Or is one of the two proposed the best, easiest, most-pragmatic solution? Thanks, Patrick

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  • deleting element objects of a std vector using erase : a) memory handling and b) better way?

    - by memC
    hi, I have a vec_A that stores instances of class A as: vec_A.push_back(A()); I want to remove some elements in the vector at a later stage and have two questions: a) The element is deleted as: vec_A.erase(iterator) Is there any additional code I need to add to make sure that there is no memory leak? . b) Assume that condition if(num <5) is if num is among a specific numberList. Given this, is there a better way to delete the elements of a vector than what I am illustrating below? #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> class A { public: int getNumber(); A(int val); ~A(){}; private: int num; }; A::A(int val){ num = val; }; int A::getNumber(){ return num; }; int main(){ int i =0; int num; std::vector<A> vec_A; std::vector<A>::iterator iter; for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++){ vec_A.push_back(A(i)); } iter = vec_A.begin(); while(iter != vec_A.end()){ std::cout << "\n --------------------------"; std::cout << "\n Size before erase =" << vec_A.size(); num = iter->getNumber() ; std::cout << "\n num = "<<num; if (num < 5){ vec_A.erase(iter); } else{ iter++; } std::cout << "\n size after erase =" << vec_A.size(); } std::cout << "\nPress RETURN to continue..."; std::cin.get(); return 0; }

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  • Entity Framework 4 - Handling very large (1000+ tables) data models?

    - by David Kreps
    We've got a database with over 1000+ tables and would like to consider using EF4 for our data access layer, but I'm concerned about the practical realities of using it for such a large data model. I've seen this question and read about the suggested solutions here and here. These may work, but appear to refer to the first version of the Entity Framework (and are more complex than I'd like). Does anyone know if these solutions have been improved upon in EF4? Or have other suggestions all together? Thanks.

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  • Reading an XML file and store data to mysql database.

    - by Jack Brown
    Hi I need the following php script to do a currency conversion using a different XML file. Its a script from white-hat design http://www.white-hat-web-design.co.uk/articles/php-currency-conversion.php The script needs to be amended to do the following: 1, The php script downloads every 24 hours an xml file from rss.timegenie.com/foreign_exchange_rates_forex rss.timegenie.com/forex.xml rss.timegenie.com/forex2.xml 2, It then stores the xml file data/contents to a mysql database file ie currency and rate. Any advice would be appreciated.

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  • how to read and edit a doc file in asp.net?

    - by Nimesh
    I have a .doc or .docx file where in after the booking of the hotel room i wanna give the agreement and the receipt in a .doc file. for this i have a text file, To, [NAME] [ADDRESS] Dear.... ...Content;;;... This will be my .doc file. My idea is to read this .doc file and replace the tags, say.([NAME] and [ADDRESS]) with the user's name and address. How can i do this in ASP.NET?

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  • Trouble using South with Django and Heroku

    - by Dan
    I had an existing Django project that I've just added South to. I ran syncdb locally. I ran manage.py schemamigration app_name locally I ran manage.py migrate app_name --fake locally I commit and pushed to heroku master I ran syncdb on heroku I ran manage.py schemamigration app_name on heroku I ran manage.py migrate app_name on heroku I then receive this: $ heroku run python notecard/manage.py migrate notecards Running python notecard/manage.py migrate notecards attached to terminal... up, run.1 Running migrations for notecards: - Migrating forwards to 0005_initial. > notecards:0003_initial Traceback (most recent call last): File "notecard/manage.py", line 14, in <module> execute_manager(settings) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 438, in execute_manager utility.execute() File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 379, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 191, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 220, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/management/commands/migrate.py", line 105, in handle ignore_ghosts = ignore_ghosts, File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/__init__.py", line 191, in migrate_app success = migrator.migrate_many(target, workplan, database) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 221, in migrate_many result = migrator.__class__.migrate_many(migrator, target, migrations, database) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 292, in migrate_many result = self.migrate(migration, database) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 125, in migrate result = self.run(migration) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 99, in run return self.run_migration(migration) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 81, in run_migration migration_function() File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/migration/migrators.py", line 57, in <lambda> return (lambda: direction(orm)) File "/app/notecard/notecards/migrations/0003_initial.py", line 15, in forwards ('user', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(to=orm['auth.User'])), File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/db/generic.py", line 226, in create_table ', '.join([col for col in columns if col]), File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/db/generic.py", line 150, in execute cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py", line 34, in execute return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) File "/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql_psycopg2/base.py", line 44, in execute return self.cursor.execute(query, args) django.db.utils.DatabaseError: relation "notecards_semester" already exists I have 3 models. Section, Semester, and Notecards. I've added one field to the Notecards model and I cannot get it added on Heroku. Thank you.

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  • Is unnecessary error handling recommended in business logic? eg. Null check/Percentage limit check etc

    - by novice_at_work
    We usually put unnecessary checks in our business logic to avoid failures. Eg. 1. public ObjectABC funcABC(){ ObjectABC obj = new ObjectABC; .......... .......... //its never set to null here. .......... return obj; } ObjectABC o = funABC(); if(o!=null){ //do something } Why do we need this null check if we are sure that it will never be null? Is it a good practice or not? 2. int pplReached = funA(..,..,..); int totalPpl = funB(..,..,..); funA() just puts a few more restriction over result of funB(). Double percentage = (totalPpl==0||totalPpl<pplReached) ? 0.0 : pplReached/totalPpl; Do we again need this check? The questions is: Aren't we swallowing some fundamental issue by putting such checks? Issues which should be shown ideally, are avoided by putting these checks. What is the recommended way?

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  • How is the Viewflipper handling the back button in Android?

    - by Janusz
    I'm thinking about using a ViewFlipper for an Wizard like Activity. But I see one problem with this approach. The back button. Will the back button go back to the last shown activity or will the the Viewflipper somehow catch the back button event and only change to the last shown activity? I suspect the ViewFlipper to be treated as one Activity on the BackStack so is seems that is the wrong aproach for a wizard. Is this correct?

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  • What is a good practice for handling SQL connections within a WCF call?

    - by Rising Star
    Suppose I want to create a (stateless) WCF service with three methods exposed on an endpoint: performSqlOperationA(), performSqlOperationB(), and performSqlOperationC(). Each method inserts data into a SQL database. The way I've seen things done at my office, each method would begin with code to initialize a SqlConnection object. Each method would end with code to safely dispose it. What is a good practice for coding these WCF methods so that the SqlConnection object is initialized and disposed in each method without having to do these things in each method? I know that I can have the connection initialized in the constructor for the class for the WCF methods, but I don't know about disposing it... The calls cannot be wrapped in a using block. One solution I'm familiar with is PostSharp, which allows me to set an attribute which causes specific code to automatically run at the beginning and end of each method call, but it would be greatly preferable to do this with only the .net framework.

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