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  • ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND

    - by Telanor
    I've stared at this for at least half an hour now and I cannot figure out what directx is complaining about. I know this error normally means you put float3 instead of a float4 or something like that, but I've checked over and over and as far as I can tell, everything matches. This is the full error message: D3D11: ERROR: ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed: Input Assembler - Vertex Shader linkage error: Signatures between stages are incompatible. The input stage requires Semantic/Index (COLOR,0) as input, but it is not provided by the output stage. [ EXECUTION ERROR #342: DEVICE_SHADER_LINKAGE_SEMANTICNAME_NOT_FOUND ] This is the vertex shader's input signature as seen in PIX: // Input signature: // // Name Index Mask Register SysValue Format Used // -------------------- ----- ------ -------- -------- ------ ------ // POSITION 0 xyz 0 NONE float xyz // NORMAL 0 xyz 1 NONE float // COLOR 0 xyzw 2 NONE float The HLSL structure looks like this: struct VertexShaderInput { float3 Position : POSITION0; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; float4 Color: COLOR0; }; The input layout, from PIX, is: The C# structure holding the data looks like this: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionColored { public static int SizeInBytes = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(PositionColored)); public static InputElement[] InputElements = new[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("NORMAL", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("COLOR", 0, Format.R32G32B32A32_Float, 0) }; Vector3 position; Vector3 normal; Vector4 color; #region Properties ... #endregion public PositionColored(Vector3 position, Vector3 normal, Vector4 color) { this.position = position; this.normal = normal; this.color = color; } public override string ToString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(base.ToString()); sb.Append(" Position="); sb.Append(position); sb.Append(" Color="); sb.Append(Color); return sb.ToString(); } } SizeInBytes comes out to 40, which is correct (4*3 + 4*3 + 4*4 = 40). Can anyone find where the mistake is?

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  • How can state changes be batched while adhering to opaque-front-to-back/alpha-blended-back-to-front?

    - by Sion Sheevok
    This is a question I've never been able to find the answer to. Batching objects with similar states is a major performance gain when rendering many objects. However, I've been learned various rules when drawing objects in the game world. Draw all opaque objects, front-to-back. Draw all alpha-blended objects, back-to-front. Some of the major parameters to batch by, as I understand it, are textures, vertex buffers, and index buffers. It seems that, as long as you are adhering to the above two rules, there's little to be done in regards to batching. I see one possibility to batch, while still adhering to the above two rules. Opaque objects can still be drawn out of depth-order, because drawing them front-to-back is merely a fillrate optimization, meanwhile state changes may very well be far more expensive than the overdraw of drawing out of depth-order. However, non-opaque objects, those that require alpha-blending at least, must be drawn back-to-front in order to avoid rendering artifacts. Is the loss of the fillrate optimization for opaques worth the state batching optimization?

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  • Will we see a trend of "3d" games coming up in the near future?

    - by Vish
    I've noticed that the trend of movies is diving into the world of movies with 3-dimensional camera.For me it provoked a thought as if it was the same feeling people got when they saw a colour movie for the first time, like in the transition from black and white to colour it is a whole new experience. For the first time we are experiencing the Z(depth) factor and I really mean when I said "experiencing". So my question is or maybe if not a question, but Is there a possibility of a genre of 3d camera games upcoming?

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  • snapping an angle to the closest cardinal direction

    - by Josh E
    I'm developing a 2D sprite-based game, and I'm finding that I'm having trouble with making the sprites rotate correctly. In a nutshell, I've got spritesheets for each of 5 directions (the other 3 come from just flipping the sprite horizontally), and I need to clamp the velocity/rotation of the sprite to one of those directions. My sprite class has a pre-computed list of radians corresponding to the cardinal directions like this: protected readonly List<float> CardinalDirections = new List<float> { MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.PiOver2, MathHelper.PiOver2 + MathHelper.PiOver4, MathHelper.Pi, -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.PiOver2, -MathHelper.PiOver2 + -MathHelper.PiOver4, -MathHelper.Pi, }; Here's the positional update code: if (velocity == Vector2.Zero) return; var rot = ((float)Math.Atan2(velocity.Y, velocity.X)); TurretRotation = SnapPositionToGrid(rot); var snappedX = (float)Math.Cos(TurretRotation); var snappedY = (float)Math.Sin(TurretRotation); var rotVector = new Vector2(snappedX, snappedY); velocity *= rotVector; //...snip private float SnapPositionToGrid(float rotationToSnap) { if (rotationToSnap == 0) return 0.0f; var targetRotation = CardinalDirections.First(x => (x - rotationToSnap >= -0.01 && x - rotationToSnap <= 0.01)); return (float)Math.Round(targetRotation, 3); } What am I doing wrong here? I know that the SnapPositionToGrid method is far from what it needs to be - the .First(..) call is on purpose so that it throws on no match, but I have no idea how I would go about accomplishing this, and unfortunately, Google hasn't helped too much either. Am I thinking about this the wrong way, or is the answer staring at me in the face?

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  • In 3D camera math, calculate what Z depth is pixel unity for a given FOV

    - by badweasel
    I am working in iOS and OpenGL ES 2.0. Through trial and error I've figured out a frustum to where at a specific z depth pixels drawn are 1 to 1 with my source textures. So 1 pixel in my texture is 1 pixel on the screen. For 2d games this is good. Of course it means that I also factor in things like the size of the quad and the size of the texture. For example if my sprite is a quad 32x32 pixels. The quad size is 3.2 units wide and tall. And the texcoords are 32 / the size of the texture wide and tall. Then the frustum is: matrixFrustum(-(float)backingWidth/frustumScale,(float)backingWidth/frustumScale, -(float)backingHeight/frustumScale, (float)backingHeight/frustumScale, 40, 1000, mProjection); Where frustumScale is 800 for a retina screen. Then at a distance of 800 from camera the sprite is pixel for pixel the same as photoshop. For 3d games sometimes I still want to be able to do this. But depending on the scene I sometimes need the FOV to be different things. I'm looking for a way to figure out what Z depth will achieve this same pixel unity for a given FOV. For this my mProjection is set using: matrixPerspective(cameraFOV, near, far, (float)backingWidth / (float)backingHeight, mProjection); With testing I found that at an FOV of 45.0 a Z of 38.5 is very close to pixel unity. And at an FOV of 30.0 a Z of 59.5 is about right. But how can I calculate a value that is spot on? Here's my matrixPerspecitve code: void matrixPerspective(float angle, float near, float far, float aspect, mat4 m) { //float size = near * tanf(angle / 360.0 * M_PI); float size = near * tanf(degreesToRadians(angle) / 2.0); float left = -size, right = size, bottom = -size / aspect, top = size / aspect; // Unused values in perspective formula. m[1] = m[2] = m[3] = m[4] = 0; m[6] = m[7] = m[12] = m[13] = m[15] = 0; // Perspective formula. m[0] = 2 * near / (right - left); m[5] = 2 * near / (top - bottom); m[8] = (right + left) / (right - left); m[9] = (top + bottom) / (top - bottom); m[10] = -(far + near) / (far - near); m[11] = -1; m[14] = -(2 * far * near) / (far - near); } And my mView is set using: lookAtMatrix(cameraPos, camLookAt, camUpVector, mView); * UPDATE * I'm going to leave this here in case anyone has a different solution, can explain how they do it, or why this works. This is what I figured out. In my system I use a 10th scale unit to pixels on non-retina displays and a 20th scale on retina displays. The iPhone is 640 pixels wide on retina and 320 pixels wide on non-retina (obsolete). So if I want something to be the full screen width I divide by 20 to get the OpenGL unit width. Then divide that by 2 to get the left and right unit position. Something 32 units wide centered on the screen goes from -16 to +16. Believe it or not I have an excel spreadsheet do all this math for me and output all the vertex data for my sprite sheet. It's an arbitrary thing I made up to do .1 units = 1 non-retina pixel or 2 retina pixels. I could have made it .01 units = 2 pixels and someday I might switch to that. But for now it's the other. So the width of the screen in units is 32.0, and that means the left most pixel is at -16.0 and the right most is at 16.0. After messing a bit I figured out that if I take the [0] value of an identity modelViewProjection matrix and multiply it by 16 I get the depth required to get 1:1 pixels. I don't know why. I don't know if the 16 is related to the screen size or just a lucky guess. But I did a test where I placed a sprite at that calculated depth and varied the FOV through all the valid values and the object stays steady on screen with 1:1 pixels. So now I'm just calculating the unityDepth that way. If someone gives me a better answer I'll checkmark it.

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  • jump pads problem

    - by Pasquale Sada
    I'm trying to make a character jump on a landing pad who stays above him. Here is the formula I've used (everything is pretty much self-explainable, maybe except character_MaxForce that is the total force the character can jump ): deltaPosition = target - character_position; sqrtTerm = Sqrt(2*-gravity.y * deltaPosition.y + MaxYVelocity* character_MaxForce); time = (MaxYVelocity-sqrtTerm) /gravity.y; speedSq = jumpVelocity.x* jumpVelocity.x + jumpVelocity.z *jumpVelocity.z; if speedSq < (character_MaxForce * character_MaxForce) we have the right time so we can store the value jumpVelocity.x = deltaPosition.x / time; jumpVelocity.z = deltaPosition.z / time; otherwise we try the other solution time = (MaxYVelocity+sqrtTerm) /gravity.y; and then store it jumpVelocity.x = deltaPosition.x / time; jumpVelocity.z = deltaPosition.z / time; jumpVelocity.y = MaxYVelocity; rigidbody_velocity = jumpVelocity; The problem is that the character is jumping away from the landing pad or sometime he jumps too far never hitting the landing pad.

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  • Generating and rendering not point-like particles on GPU

    - by TravisG
    Specifically I'm talking about particles as seen (for example) in the UE4 dev video here. They're not just points and seem to have a nice shape to them that seems to follow their movement. Is it possible to create these kinds of particles (efficiently) completely on the GPU (perhaps through something like motion? Or is the only (or most efficient) way to just create a small particle texture and render small quads for each particle?

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  • How do I create a big multiplayer world in UDK?

    - by Dorpe
    I want to create a big multiplayer world in UDK and I'm having a few difficulties. I created the biggest terrain possible but then any terrain related action I do takes forever. However, I've seen videos of people make same size terrain and working without a problem. My pc is strong enough, so maybe someone can tell me what I'm doing wrong. I want to make it even bigger then the biggest terrain size, so I was thinking of doing level streaming but then I read that streaming is working server side which means if I have a player on every terrain all terrains will still be loaded and I want to save as much memory possible so it will work well online. Thanks for any help you can give.

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  • Need to produce an animated texture of Water where each image tiles in all directions

    - by ProfVersaggi
    I need to produce a 2D 'animated' texture of "water" for a game in which each image tiles in 'all' directions, much like those produced by the Caustics Generator, but with the power and flexibility of something the likes of Blender. The final result from Caustics Generator is 32 images that are actually animated such that when the full 32 images are played in a loop they will seamlessly loop forever. They will not only loop in time, but each image also tile in all directions. This is nice, but it comes in only one flavor so to speak. I'd like to accomplish the same thing with a Blender type tool, and I have actually gotten to the point where I generate the X number of images, but they do not tile in 'all' directions, nor are they slightly animated. I've tried Blender texture animations using offsets but with only limited success. Does anyone know of how to (or of a tool) which will animate textures such that they tile in all (4) directions? Many thanks in advance ....

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  • How can I make a collection of mini-games in XNA where the user can download packs of minigames and the main .exe can run them without being altered?

    - by Pyroka
    I'm currently making a PC game in XNA. It's actually a collection of mini-games (there's 3 mini-games at the moment) however I plan to make and add more, in downloadable 'packs'. My question is, what's the best way to achieve this? Currently my thoughts are: Create a 'game' interface Build games to this interface but create them as .dlls Have the main .exe file scan a directory and load in the .dlls at runtime. I've not messed around with the idea much, but I know there are applications at-least that use this plug-in approach (Notepad++ seems to), but I'm not sure of any games that do (although I'm sure they must exist). However it seems that this is a problem that has been solved previously, so I'm wondering if there's any form of established best-practice.

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  • How to calculate direction from initial point and another point?

    - by Dvole
    I'm making a simple game where I shoot things from a certain point on screen (A). I tap the screen and shoot the projectile from initial point(A) to the tap point(B). But I want the projectile to move along the same path instead and fly out of bounds of the screen. How do I calculate a point that is on the same line that these two points, but further away? This is a simple math, but I can't figure it out.

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  • What is the standard technique for shifting the frames of a sprite according to user input?

    - by virtual__
    From my own experience, I developed two techniques for changing the sprites of a character that's reacting to user input -- this in the context of a classic 2D platformer. The first one is to store all character's pixmaps in a list, putting the index of the currently used pixmap in an ordinary variable. This way, every time the player presses a key -- say the right arrow for moving the character forward -- the graphics engine sees what's the next pixmap to draw, draws it, and increments the index counter. That's a pretty common approach I believe, the problem is that in this case the animation's quality depends not only on the number of sprites available but also on how often your engine listens to user input. The second technique is to actually play an animation every key press event. For this you can use any sort of animation framework you want. It's only necessary to set the timer, the animation steps and to call the animation's play() method on your key press event handler. The problem with that approach is that is lacks responsiveness, since the character won't react to any input while the current animation is still being played. What I want to know is whether you are using one of these techniques -- or something similar -- in your games, or whether there's a standard method for animating sprites out there that's widely known by everybody but me.

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  • How can I improve the "smoothness" of a 2D side-scrolling iPhone game?

    - by MrDatabase
    I'm working on a relatively simple 2D side-scrolling iPhone game. The controls are tilt-based. I use OpenGL ES 1.1 for the graphics. The game state is updated at a rate of 30 Hz... And the drawing is updated at a rate of 30 fps (via NSTimer). The smoothness of the drawing is ok... But not quite as smooth as a game like iFighter. What can I do to improve the smoothness of the game? Here are the potential issues I've briefly considered: I'm varying the opacity of up to 15 "small" (20x20 pixels) textures at a time... Apparently varying the opacity in this manner can degrade drawing performance I'm rendering at only 30 fps (via NSTimer)... Perhaps 2D games like iFighter are rendered at a higher frame rate? Perhaps the game state could be updated at a faster rate? Note the acceleration vales are updated at 100 Hz... So I could potentially update part of the game state at 100 hz All of my textures are PNG24... Perhaps PNG8 would help (due to smaller size etc)

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  • Box2Dweb very slow on node.js

    - by Peteris
    I'm using Box2Dweb on node.js. I have a rotated box object that I apply an impulse to move around. The timestep is set at 50ms, however, it bumps up to 100ms and even 200ms as soon as I add any more edges or boxes. Here are the edges I would like to use as bounds around the playing area: // Computing the corners var upLeft = new b2Vec2(0, 0), lowLeft = new b2Vec2(0, height), lowRight = new b2Vec2(width, height), upRight = new b2Vec2(width, 0) // Edges bounding the visible game area var edgeFixDef = new b2FixtureDef edgeFixDef.friction = 0.5 edgeFixDef.restitution = 0.2 edgeFixDef.shape = new b2PolygonShape var edgeBodyDef = new b2BodyDef; edgeBodyDef.type = b2Body.b2_staticBody edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(upLeft, lowLeft) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(lowLeft, lowRight) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(lowRight, upRight) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) edgeFixDef.shape.SetAsEdge(upRight, upLeft) world.CreateBody(edgeBodyDef).CreateFixture(edgeFixDef) Can box2d really become this slow for even two bodies or is there some pitfall? It would be very surprising given all the demos which successfully use tens of objects.

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  • What are the semantics of glRotate and glTranslate's parameters?

    - by Zarkopafilis
    I have been trying to play with OpenGL after watching some tutorials and I don't understand how the glTranslatef and glRotatef functions work. I believe a simple picture would help me. I understand that glTranslatef changes the position of the "camera" (but does it change the position in wich the shapes are getting drawn)? However, I don't understand the rotation concept at all. If I do glRotatef(1,0,0,1) it makes my quad spin around. If I just do glRotatef(1,0,0,0) it makes the quad smaller (further away) but if I try to rotate around the X or Y axis, I get a black screen. I don't understand the angle either. Help would be appreciated.

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  • port opengl2.x to opengl 3.x

    - by user46759
    I'm trying to port opencloth example to OpenGL 3.x. I've mostly done it to the shaders but I'm not sure of this part : glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID); glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0,0); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTexID); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT,0, 0); glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboNormID); glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT,sizeof(float)*4, 0); maybe glEnableVertexAttriArray somewhere ? any clue ? thanx edit : maybe something like that ? glEnableVertexAttribArray (2) ; // Ou glEnableVertexAttribArray (positionIndex) ; glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTexID); glVertexAttribPointer (2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0) ; glEnableVertexAttribArray (3) ; // Ou glEnableVertexAttribArray (positionIndex) ; glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboNormID); glVertexAttribPointer (3, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof (float) * 4, 0) ;

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  • Wall avoidance steering

    - by Vodemki
    I making a small steering simulator using the reynolds boid algorythm. Now I want to add a wall avoidance feature. My walls are in 3D and defined using two points like that: ---------. P2 | | P1 .--------- My agents have a velocity, a position, etc... Could you tell me how to make avoidance with my agents ? Vector2D ReynoldsSteeringModel::repulsionFromWalls() { Vector2D force; vector<Wall *> wallsList = walls(); Point2D pos = self()->position(); Vector2D velocity = self()->velocity(); for (unsigned i=0; i<wallsList.size(); i++) { //TODO } return force; } Then I use all the forces returned by my boid functions and I apply it to my agent. I just need to know how to do that with my walls ? Thanks for your help.

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  • How are vertex shader outs sent as inputs to the fragment shader?

    - by Jeffrey
    I'm learning some OpenGL 3.2 way of doing things and I think it's quite great, I'm actually understanding more of shaders and non-fixed pipeline in 1 week rather than those 2 years I tried to learn OpenGL fixed pipeline functions. But here's my question: From what I think I've understood the vertex shader is run for each vertexes in the VBO. But the fragments shader is run per each pixel (is that right?) which is a huge number compared to let's say 3 vertexes of a triangle. Now it seems that in the vertex shader the out variables (like colors and stuff) are passed 1 to 1 to the fragment shader. But let's say that I pass to the fragment shader the position of the vertex in the vertex shader. How is all executed? What vertex (A, B or C of the hipothetical triangle) is passed per each fragment and why?

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  • Should I be using a game engine?

    - by Kyle
    I'm an experienced programmer, but I'm completely new to making games. I'm thinking of making an iPhone game that is similar to a 2d tower defense type game. In the web programming world, it would be a big waste of time to make a website without using some sort of web framework (eg ruby on rails). Is that the same for making games? Do people mostly use some sort of framework/game engine for making a game? If so, what are the popular ones for iOS?

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  • Can I name a team with the name of their city to avoid trademark issues?

    - by Paul
    I was wondering, if you want to make a NBA game on smartphones, without the license held by EA, the first solution seems to name your teams with a different name, such as "Chicragro Brulls" (this is just for the example), but would it be possible to just call your team with the name of the city, such as "Chicago vs. Dallas" ? I know the first solution was chosen by Pro Evolution Soccer, would you know any other game that don't use a license?

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  • How many textures can usually I bind at once?

    - by Avi
    I'm developing a game engine, and it's only going to work on modern (Shader model 4+) hardware. I figure that, by the time I'm done with it, that won't be such an unreasonable requirement. My question is: how many textures can I bind at once on a modern graphics card? 16 would be sufficient. Can I expect most modern graphics cards to support that amount? My GTX 460 appears to support 32, but I have no idea if that's representative of most modern video cards.

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  • As a indie, how to protect your game?

    - by user16829
    As a indie, you might not work in a company. And you may have a great game idea and you feel it gonna be a big success. When you released your game. How do you protect it as your own creation? So that someone also can't steal the title and publish a "sequel" e.g. Your-Game-Name 2,3,4. Or even produce by-products like Angry Birds but without your permission. So how we can prevent these from happening by legal methods. Like copyrights, trademarks? If a professional can fill us those info, it will be great.

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  • Do I need the 'w' component in my Vector class?

    - by bobobobo
    Assume you're writing matrix code that handles rotation, translation etc for 3d space. Now the transformation matrices have to be 4x4 to fit the translation component in. However, you don't actually need to store a w component in the vector do you? Even in perspective division, you can simply compute and store w outside of the vector, and perspective divide before returning from the method. For example: // post multiply vec2=matrix*vector Vector operator*( const Matrix & a, const Vector& v ) { Vector r ; // do matrix mult r.x = a._11*v.x + a._12*v.y ... real w = a._41*v.x + a._42*v.y ... // perspective divide r /= w ; return r ; } Is there a point in storing w in the Vector class?

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  • How to detect collisions between sprite and a user generated shape of some sort?

    - by Huwell
    How to detect a collision between a sprite and a user generated shape of some sort. For example. There are some objects on the screen. The user takes their finger and draws an circle shape around a object (The selection rule is painting circle around the sprite, but the painting shapes may be various). I need to detect which object selected, which just like: (demo images) http://i52.tinypic.com/28h0t1g.png

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  • Possible to pass pygame data to memory map block?

    - by toozie21
    I am building a matrix out of addressable pixels and it will be run by a Pi (over the ethernet bus). The matrix will be 75 pixels wide and 20 pixels tall. As a side project, I thought it would be neat to run pong on it. I've seen some python based pong tutorials for Pi, but the problem is that they want to pass the data out to a screen via pygame.display function. I have access to pass pixel information using a memory map block, so is there anyway to do that with pygame instead of passing it out the video port? In case anyone is curious, this was the pong tutorial I was looking at: Pong Tutorial

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