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  • Event 4625 - Logon Failure - Server 2008 R2 is logging them all over the place ! How to stop the attack?

    - by user72593
    I've been monitoring failed logons to a server which is directly connected to the internet with no hardware firewall in the way...testing purposes only. Using the Server 2008 R2 firewall, I blocked access to just about everything except RDP, then I told the firewall to only allow connections to the RDP port from "MY" static IP. I tested from other locations and I am not able to login to the server unless i'm at my office. So how are people coming from Chinese IP's able to attempt logons and get logged as failures ?? Is there something i'm missing that needs to be blocked? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • openvpn and selective routing

    - by mx2323
    hi everyone, whats the best way to configure openvpn clients to go selectively go about using an openvpn connection? i want to setup a vpn server for friends in china, but i dont want them to use it for everything, just so they can access sites like youtube, facebook, cnn, etc. while they are in china through the vpn (these are blocked). it would be nice if the vpn was a backup, so for instance if they are trying to go to facebook (which is blocked), it would go through the vpn connection once finding that the normal connection does not work. this would save a lot of bandwidth cost actually, and give them a better browsing experience. is this a iptable route thing? or a dns server that i push to my clients?

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  • How to use rhythmbox-client on LAN?

    - by Kaustubh P
    A few days ago I had asked this question, and according to one suggestion, used rhythmote. It is a web-interface to change songs on a rhythmbox playing on some PC. However, its not what I had thought of, and I stumbled upon documentation for rhythmbox-client. I tried a few ways of using it, but was unsuccessful. Let me show you a few ways of how I did it. The rhythmbox is running at address 192.168.1.4, lets call it jukebox. Passing the address as a parameter Hoping that I would be able to see and browse through songs on the jukebox rhythmbox-client 192.168.1.4 But, I get this message (rhythmbox-client:8370): Rhythmbox-WARNING **: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken. (rhythmbox-client:8370): Rhythmbox-WARNING **: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken. SSH ssh -l jukebox 192.168.1.4 rhythmbox-client --print-playing Which spat this at me: (rhythmbox-client:9389): Rhythmbox-WARNING **: /bin/dbus-launch terminated abnormally with the following error: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed. rhythmbox-client as root gksudo rhythmbox-client 192.168.1.4 A rhythmbox client comes up, but with no music shown in the library. I am guessing this is running on my own computer. Can anyon tell me how rhythmbox-client is to be run, and is it even correct of me to think that I can get a rhythmbox window showing the songs on the jukebox? PS: There were a few other solutions mentioned, but I want to evaluate each and every one of them. Thanks.

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  • Bluetooth not working on an Alienware m14x r2

    - by S. L.
    on my alienware m14x r2 laptop with ubuntu 12.04.1 x64, the bluetooth interface is not working. WLAN works fine. I have a dualboot install with ubuntu & win 7 on this laptop. In win 7, the bluetooth interface works fine, because its all activated in BIOS. I have the killer wireless-n 1202 a/g/n interface with integrated bluetooth 4.0 in this laptop. Here is some code : sudo rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 064e:8128 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0cf3:3004 Atheros Communications, Inc. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 187c:0521 Alienware Corporation dmesg | grep "Bluetooth" [ 2.590377] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 2.590395] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 2.590397] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 2.590399] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 2.590403] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 2.591518] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 2.591519] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 2.599411] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 2.599415] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 2.599416] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 [ 2.696552] Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.6 [ 2.696751] Bluetooth: Atheros AR30xx firmware driver ver 1.0 [ 2.702607] Bluetooth: Configuration file not found ar3k/ramps_0x11020000_40.dfu [ 2.702609] Bluetooth: Loading sysconfig file failed Any ideas to fix that problem ?

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  • hp pavilion g6 1250 with a BCM 4313 doesn't see any wireless networks

    - by Ahmed Kotb
    i have tried using ubuntu 10.04 and ubuntu 11.10 and both have the same problem the driver is detected by the additional propriety drivers wizard and after installation, ubuntu can't see except on wireless network which is not mine (and i can't connect to it as it is secured) There are plenty of wireless networks around me but ubuntu can't detect them and if i tried to connect to one of them as if it was hidden connection time out. the command lspci -nvn | grep -i net gives 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller [10ec:8136] (rev 05) iwconfig gives lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=19 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off i guess it is something related to Broadcom driver .. but i don't know , any help will be appreciated UPDATE: ok i installed a new copy of 11.10 to remove the effect of any trials i have made i followed the link (http://askubuntu.com/q/67806) as suggested all what i have done now is trying the command lsmod | grep brc and it gave me the following brcmsmac 631693 0 brcmutil 17837 1 brcmsmac mac80211 310872 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 199587 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 crc_ccitt 12667 1 brcmsmac then i blacklisted all the other drivers as mentioned in the link the wireless is still disabled.. in the last installation installing the Brodcom STA driver form the additional drivers enabled the menu but as i have said before it wasn't able to connect or even get a list of available networks so what should i do now ? the output of command rfkill list all rfkill list all 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • wireless detected but Can't connect to network, Wifi card intel pro wireless N100 BGN

    - by Alexandre777
    Thanks in advance, I installed Linux Mint kernel 3.0.0-12 x64 ,wireless is detected and I configure it in network manager but can't coonect, there are the results of command line: $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=off Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off $ sudo lshw -C network** *-network description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Wireless-N 1000 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 00 serial: 00:1e:64:51:c9:d6 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlagn driverversion=3.0.0-12-generic firmware=39.31.5.1 build 35138 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:48 memory:d7400000-d7401fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 48:5b:39:99:8f:16 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI duplex=full firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:51 memory:d3800000-d383ffff ioport:8000(size=128 $ rfkill list all 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no Thank you.

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  • hp pavilion g6 1250 wireless problems

    - by Ahmed Kotb
    i have tried using ubuntu 10.04 and ubuntu 11.10 and both have the same problem the driver is detected by the additional propriety drivers wizard and after installation , ubuntu can't see except on wireless network which is not mine (and i can't connect to it as it is secured) there are plenty of wireless networks around me but ubuntu can't detect them and if i tried to connect to one of them as if it was hidden connection time out. the command lspci -nvn | grep -i net gives 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller [10ec:8136] (rev 05) iwconfig gives lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=19 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off i guess it is something related to Broadcom driver .. but i don't know , any help will be appreciated UPDATE: ok i installed a new copy of 11.10 to remove the effect of any trials i have made i followed the link (http://askubuntu.com/q/67806) as suggested all what i have done now is trying the command lsmod | grep brc and it gave me the following brcmsmac 631693 0 brcmutil 17837 1 brcmsmac mac80211 310872 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 199587 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 crc_ccitt 12667 1 brcmsmac then i blacklisted all the other drivers as mentioned in the link the wireless is still disabled.. in the last installation installing the Brodcom STA driver form the additional drivers enabled the menu but as i have said before it wasn't able to connect or even get a list of available networks so what should i do now ? the output of command rfkill list all rfkill list all 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • Page_BlockSubmit - reset it to False, if there is a scenario when page doesn't postback on validation error

    - by Vipin
    Recently, I was facing a problem where if there was a validation error, and if I changed the state of checkbox it won't postback on first attempt. But when I uncheck and check again , it postbacks on second attempt...this is some quirky behaviour in .ASP.Net platform. The solution was to reset Page_BlockSubmit flag to false and it works fine. The following explanation is from http://lionsden.co.il/codeden/?p=137&cpage=1#comment-143   Submit button on the page is a member of vgMain, so automatically it will only run the validation on that group. A solution is needed that will run validation on multiple groups and block the postback if needed. Solution Include the following function on the page: function DoValidation() { //validate the primary group var validated = Page_ClientValidate('vgPrimary ');   //if it is valid if (validated) { //valid the main group validated = Page_ClientValidate('vgMain'); }   //remove the flag to block the submit if it was raised Page_BlockSubmit = false;   //return the results return validated; } Call the above function from the submit button’s OnClientClick event. <asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnSubmit" CausesValidation="true" ValidationGroup="vgMain" Text="Next" OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" OnClientClick="return DoValidation();" /> What is Page_BlockSubmit When the user clicks on a button causing a full post back, after running Page_ClientValidate ASP.NET runs another built in function ValidatorCommonOnSubmit. Within Page_ClientValidate, Page_BlockSubmit is set based on the validation. The postback is then blocked in ValidatorCommonOnSubmit if Page_BlockSubmit is true. No matter what, at the end of the function Page_BlockSubmit is always reset back to false. If a page does a partial postback without running any validation and Page_BlockSubmit has not been reset to false, the partial postback will be blocked. In essence the above function, RunValidation, acts similar to ValidatorCommonOnSubmit. It runs the validation and then returns false to block the postback if needed. Since the built in postback is never run, we need to reset Page_BlockSubmit manually before returning the validation result.

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  • How to protect a peer-to-peer network from inappropriate content?

    - by Mike
    I’m developing a simple peer-to-peer app in .Net which should enable users to share specific content (text and picture files). As I've learned with my last question, inappropriate content can “relatively” easily be identified / controlled in a centralized environment. But what about a peer-to-peer network, what are the best methods to protect a decentralized system from unwanted (illegal) content? At the moment I only see the following two methods: A protocol (a set of rules) defines what kind of data (e.g. only .txt and jpg-files, not bigger than 20KB etc.) can be shared over the p2p-network and all clients (peers) must implement this protocol. If a peer doesn’t, it gets blocked by other peers. Pro: easy to implement. Con: It’s not possible to define the perfect protocol (I think eMail-Spam filters have the same problem) Some kind of rating/reputation system must be implemented (similar to stackoverflow), so “bad guys” and inappropriate content can be identified / blocked by other users. Pro: Would be very accurate. Con: Would be slow and in my view technically very hard to implement. Are there other/better solutions? Any answer or comment is highly appreciated.

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  • dell vostro 1000 broadcom wireless connection

    - by lorrenuy
    I have a problem with the hardware broadcom wifi. I press the hotkey fn+f2 to activate the hardware and this will not work. I'll look at the drivers but it appears to be installed. How can I solve this problem? Ubuntu is all new to me so if possible, give me a clear explanation. Now do I connect the lan cable. I use the Ubuntu 11.10 lawrence@lawrence-Vostro-1000:~$ sudo lshw -class network [sudo] password for lawrence: PCI (sysfs) *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 version: 01 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:18 memory:c0200000-c0203fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 02 serial: 00:1c:23:a2:b9:a9 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=b44 driverversion=2.0 duplex=full ip=192.168.1.18 latency=64 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:21 memory:c0300000-c0301fff lawrence@lawrence-Vostro-1000:~$ lawrence@lawrence-Vostro-1000:~$ rfkill list all 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes

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  • Spam bot constantly hitting our site 800-1,000 times a day. Causing loss in sales

    - by akaDanPaul
    For the past 5 months our site has been receiving hits from these 4 sites below; sheratonbd.com newsheraton.com newsheration.com newsheratonltd.com Typically the exact url they come from looks something like this; http://www.newsheraton.com/ClickEarnArea.aspx?loginsession_expiredlogin=85 The spam bot goes to our homepage and stays there for about 1 min and then exist. Luckily we have some pretty beefy servers so it hasn't even come close to overloading our servers yet. Last month I started blocking the IP address's of the spam bots but they seem to keep getting new ones everyday. So far I have blocked over 200 IP address's, below are a few of the ones I have blocked. They all come from Bangladesh. 58.97.238.214 58.97.149.132 180.234.109.108 180.149.31.221 117.18.231.5 117.18.231.12 Since this has been going on for the past 5 months our real site traffic has started to drop, and everyday our orders get lower and lower. Also since these spam bots simply go to our homepage and then leave our bounce rate in analytics has sky rocketed. My questions are; Is it possible that these spam bots are affecting our SEO? 60% of our orders come from natural search, and since this whole thing has started orders have slowly been dropping. What would be the reason someone would want to waste resources in doing this to our site? IP's aren't free and either are domain names, what would be the goal in doing this to us? We have google adwords but don't advertise on extended networks nor advertise in Bangladesh since we don't ship there so they are not making money on adsense. Has anyone experienced anything similar to this? What did you do and what was the final out come?

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  • SQL Server Database Settings

    - by rbishop
    For those using Data Relationship Management on Oracle DB this does not apply, but for those using Microsoft SQL Server it is highly recommended that you run with Snapshot Isolation Mode. The Data Governance module will not function correctly without this mode enabled. All new Data Relationship Management repositories are created with this mode enabled by default. This mode makes SQL Server (2005+) behave more like Oracle DB where readers simply see older versions of rows while a write is in progress, instead of readers being blocked by locks while a write takes place. Many common sources of deadlocks are eliminated. For example, if one user starts a 5 minute transaction updating half the rows in a table, without snapshot isolation everyone else reading the table will be blocked waiting. With snapshot isolation, they will see the rows as they were before the write transaction started. Conversely, if the readers had started first, the writer won't be stuck waiting for them to finish reading... the writes can begin immediately without affecting the current transactions. To make this change, make sure no one is using the target database (eg: put it into single-user mode), then run these commands: ALTER DATABASE [DB] SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION ONALTER DATABASE [DB] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON Please make sure you coordinate with your DBA team to ensure tempdb is appropriately setup to support snapshot isolation mode, as the extra row versions are stored in tempdb until the transactions are committed. Let me take this opportunity to extremely strongly highly recommend that you use solid state storage for your databases with appropriate iSCSI, FiberChannel, or SAN bandwidth. The performance gains are significant and there is no excuse for not using 100% solid state storage in 2013. Actually unless you need to store petabytes of archival data, there is no excuse for using hard drives in any systems, whether laptops, desktops, application servers, or database servers. The productivity benefits alone are tremendous, not to mention power consumption, heat, etc.

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  • Wireless drivers

    - by Kencer
    The results for my laptop are as below. How will i install wireless drivers and graphics? $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) $ sudo lshw -c network *-network UNCLAIMED description: Network controller product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f0500000-f0507fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 07 serial: 3c:97:0e:85:c0:0d size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=172.16.96.36 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:43 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0404000-f0404fff memory:f0400000-f0403fff $ rfkill list all 0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • My wireless has suddenly became disabled by hardware switch, BIOS, rfkill, fn+f8 do nothing

    - by cwwk
    I have a toshiba l655d-s5145. There is no physical toggle for the wireless, although the f8 key is supposed to do the trick. It doesn't. The wireless has been working since October, and suddenly, nothing. RFKILL reports that the wireless is hard blocked, but unblock wifi, unblock 0, unblock all do nothing. I inserted a usb dongle, and that is also disabled by hardware switch, although rfkill reports that it is neither hard nor soft blocked. My onboard wireless is 02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01) according to lspci. Lsmod reports that these drivers are loaded. rtl8192c_common 75767 1 rtl8192ce rtlwifi 110972 1 rtl8192ce I resorted to reformatting the drive and reinstalling, but that also did not work. In BIOS I restored system defaults as there is no specific entry for wifi. Before reinstalling a pure xubuntu I went into Unity and saw that the airplane mode was on and despite being toggled off, it returned to the on position. I'm not sure where to find airplane mode in Xubuntu. What else can I do? I need my wireless.

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  • How do I connect to a wireless network?

    - by Keith Groben
    I just installed 10.10 x64 and cannot even find my wireless network let alone connect to it. I've searched all over SE and Ubuntu forums and cannot find out how to do this simple thing. Can some one please give me the answer? It is plugged in right now and is 100% updated. It is a Desktop with wireless card. 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no Here's the output: *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: RT2860 vendor: RaLink physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 00 serial: 70:1a:04:f4:de:e9 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rt2800pci driverversion=2.6.35-27-generic firmware=N/A latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:fcff0000-fcffffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: 00:23:54:fd:c2:32 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.1.14 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:44 ioport:d800(size=256) memory:fceff000-fcefffff memory:ddffc000-ddffffff memory:fcec0000-fcedffff === Update === I have discovered that this is a know issue with the rt2860. I have been following step by step the instructions found here: http://www.ctbarker.info/2010/05/ubuntu-1004-wireless-chipsets-and-wpa.html I decided to stat over because I was getting stuck on step 5: 'sudo rmmod rt2860sta' is was giving me this problem: 'ERROR: Module rt2860sta does not exist in /proc/modules' Since I started over I cannot even get past step 5 'sudo make' I get this: 'make: * No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.' I am lost. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Error on /home prevents OS boot

    - by mdrg
    Ok, I'll try to explain it listing the events: motherboard battery is weak, loses config everytime I shut the PC down; system clock usually back to 1990-something; this time, it went up to 2148; ubuntu became somewhat unusable (firefox refusing certificates, dropbox blocked), so I restarted; manually set the clock to current date and restarted; during boot, ubuntu detects errors and start auto-fix, rebooting itself in the middle of it (like a hard reboot, no shutdown messages) next time, shows boot animation screen in text mode, with an error message after a while: "Errors were found while checking the disk drive or /home", with "attempt to fix, ignore, skip mounting or manual recovery" None of the options during the boot work, they just type the text to the screen, then I'm forced to physically restart. Now I'm using Mint LXDE live CD, and I can see all my partitions just fine, including /home (my home folder blocked due to encryption, the other user folder is accessible and everything in place). I'm not sure how to proceed now. I'd like to just fix ubuntu boot without reinstalling or anything like it (at least until 12.04). What should I do now? can I easily fix this somewhow? Thanks!

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  • Wireless does not work 12.10

    - by superkoop
    My primary issue is that my wireless does not work after I installed 12.10. The output to rfkill list all: 5: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no The output to lshw -class network is: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 88E8040 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controller vendor: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 12 serial: 00:21:9b:d6:46:51 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=sky2 driverversion=1.30 duplex=full ip=192.168.1.102 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:44 memory:fe8fc000-fe8fffff ioport:de00(size=256) *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:0b:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:17 memory:fe7fc000-fe7fffff The output to lspci -nn for the pertinent information is: 0b:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Thus, it seems the solution would be to run: sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source sudo modprobe wl However, I do not currently have access to an ethernet connection, as I am currently only able to use verizon wireless 3g internet. Thus, is there a way to set up ICS with a Vista machine so that I can access the internet by using the Vista machine as the host? Or, is it possible to fix this by downloading the important packages in vista and moving them to ubuntu via USB drive?

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  • After upgrade to 12.04 wireless keeps dropping on BCM4312

    - by Sheket
    I know there are plenty of questions very similar to these, but I've tried practically everything and it still isn't working. Some solutions get the wireless connection working, but it goes very slow and drops after a few minutes. Then it won't reconnect and keeps asking for password. Hope you can help me. Thanks in advance. This is the output for sudo lshw -C network *-network description: Network controller product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=0 resources: irq:18 memory:f0300000-f0303fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8132 Fast Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: c0 serial: 00:23:5a:9b:6e:b1 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI duplex=full firmware=N/A ip=192.168.0.106 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:42 memory:f0200000-f023ffff ioport:a000(size=128) *-network description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 logical name: wlan0 serial: 00:24:2c:83:f0:81 capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=b43 driverversion=3.2.0-30-generic firmware=478.104 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg And for lsmod | grep b43 b43 342643 0 mac80211 436455 1 b43 cfg80211 178679 2 b43,mac80211 bcma 25651 1 b43 ssb 50691 1 b43 And for rfkill list 5: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • Unable to get wireless card working properly in DELL D620 laptop - Zorin OS 6.0 (3.2.0)

    - by ElliTech
    I have a DELL D620 laptop running Zorin OS 6.0 (3.2.0) The wireless was working prior to running Update Manager. Here is the output from some commands: dell@dell-lt:/$ rfkill list all 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no dell@dell-lt:/$ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. dell@dell-lt:/$ ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:18:8b:d4:d8:2f inet addr:192.168.1.74 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::218:8bff:fed4:d82f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:22227 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:15027 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:26452734 (26.4 MB) TX bytes:1708955 (1.7 MB) Interrupt:18 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) I am at a loss as to how to get the wireless working!!! ElliTech

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  • Threading across multiple files

    - by Zach M.
    My program is reading in files and using thread to compute the highest prime number, when I put a print statement into the getNum() function my numbers are printing out. However, it seems to just lag no matter how many threads I input. Each file has 1 million integers in it. Does anyone see something apparently wrong with my code? Basically the code is giving each thread 1000 integers to check before assigning a new thread. I am still a C noobie and am just learning the ropes of threading. My code is a mess right now because I have been switching things around constantly. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <math.h> #include <semaphore.h> //Global variable declaration char *file1 = "primes1.txt"; char *file2 = "primes2.txt"; char *file3 = "primes3.txt"; char *file4 = "primes4.txt"; char *file5 = "primes5.txt"; char *file6 = "primes6.txt"; char *file7 = "primes7.txt"; char *file8 = "primes8.txt"; char *file9 = "primes9.txt"; char *file10 = "primes10.txt"; char **fn; //file name variable int numberOfThreads; int *highestPrime = NULL; int fileArrayNum = 0; int loop = 0; int currentFile = 0; sem_t semAccess; sem_t semAssign; int prime(int n)//check for prime number, return 1 for prime 0 for nonprime { int i; for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) if(n % i == 0) return(0); return(1); } int getNum(FILE* file) { int number; char* tempS = malloc(20 *sizeof(char)); fgets(tempS, 20, file); tempS[strlen(tempS)-1] = '\0'; number = atoi(tempS); free(tempS);//free memory for later call return(number); } void* findPrimality(void *threadnum) //main thread function to find primes { int tNum = (int)threadnum; int checkNum; char *inUseFile = NULL; int x=1; FILE* file; while(currentFile < 10){ if(inUseFile == NULL){//inUseFIle being used to check if a file is still being read sem_wait(&semAccess);//critical section inUseFile = fn[currentFile]; sem_post(&semAssign); file = fopen(inUseFile, "r"); while(!feof(file)){ if(x % 1000 == 0 && tNum !=1){ //go for 1000 integers and then wait sem_wait(&semAssign); } checkNum = getNum(file); /* * * * * I think the issue is here * * * */ if(checkNum > highestPrime[tNum]){ if(prime(checkNum)){ highestPrime[tNum] = checkNum; } } x++; } fclose(file); inUseFile = NULL; } currentFile++; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if(argc != 2){ //checks for number of arguements being passed printf("To many ARGS\n"); return(-1); } else{//Sets thread cound to user input checking for correct number of threads numberOfThreads = atoi(argv[1]); if(numberOfThreads < 1 || numberOfThreads > 10){ printf("To many threads entered\n"); return(-1); } time_t preTime, postTime; //creating time variables int i; fn = malloc(10 * sizeof(char*)); //create file array and initialize fn[0] = file1; fn[1] = file2; fn[2] = file3; fn[3] = file4; fn[4] = file5; fn[5] = file6; fn[6] = file7; fn[7] = file8; fn[8] = file9; fn[9] = file10; sem_init(&semAccess, 0, 1); //initialize semaphores sem_init(&semAssign, 0, numberOfThreads); highestPrime = malloc(numberOfThreads * sizeof(int)); //create an array to store each threads highest number for(loop = 0; loop < numberOfThreads; loop++){//set initial values to 0 highestPrime[loop] = 0; } pthread_t calculationThread[numberOfThreads]; //thread to do the work preTime = time(NULL); //start the clock for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ pthread_create(&calculationThread[i], NULL, findPrimality, (void *)i); } for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ pthread_join(calculationThread[i], NULL); } for(i = 0; i < numberOfThreads; i++){ printf("this is a prime number: %d \n", highestPrime[i]); } postTime= time(NULL); printf("Wall time: %ld seconds\n", (long)(postTime - preTime)); } } Yes I am trying to find the highest number over all. So I have made some head way the last few hours, rescucturing the program as spudd said, currently I am getting a segmentation fault due to my use of structures, I am trying to save the largest individual primes in the struct while giving them the right indices. This is the revised code. So in short what the first thread is doing is creating all the threads and giving them access points to a very large integer array which they will go through and find prime numbers, I want to implement semaphores around the while loop so that while they are executing every 2000 lines or the end they update a global prime number. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <string.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <math.h> #include <semaphore.h> //Global variable declaration char *file1 = "primes1.txt"; char *file2 = "primes2.txt"; char *file3 = "primes3.txt"; char *file4 = "primes4.txt"; char *file5 = "primes5.txt"; char *file6 = "primes6.txt"; char *file7 = "primes7.txt"; char *file8 = "primes8.txt"; char *file9 = "primes9.txt"; char *file10 = "primes10.txt"; int numberOfThreads; int entries[10000000]; int entryIndex = 0; int fileCount = 0; char** fileName; int largestPrimeNumber = 0; //Register functions int prime(int n); int getNum(FILE* file); void* findPrimality(void *threadNum); void* assign(void *num); typedef struct package{ int largestPrime; int startingIndex; int numberCount; }pack; //Beging main code block int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if(argc != 2){ //checks for number of arguements being passed printf("To many threads!!\n"); return(-1); } else{ //Sets thread cound to user input checking for correct number of threads numberOfThreads = atoi(argv[1]); if(numberOfThreads < 1 || numberOfThreads > 10){ printf("To many threads entered\n"); return(-1); } int threadPointer[numberOfThreads]; //Pointer array to point to entries time_t preTime, postTime; //creating time variables int i; fileName = malloc(10 * sizeof(char*)); //create file array and initialize fileName[0] = file1; fileName[1] = file2; fileName[2] = file3; fileName[3] = file4; fileName[4] = file5; fileName[5] = file6; fileName[6] = file7; fileName[7] = file8; fileName[8] = file9; fileName[9] = file10; FILE* filereader; int currentNum; for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ filereader = fopen(fileName[i], "r"); while(!feof(filereader)){ char* tempString = malloc(20 *sizeof(char)); fgets(tempString, 20, filereader); tempString[strlen(tempString)-1] = '\0'; entries[entryIndex] = atoi(tempString); entryIndex++; free(tempString); } } //sem_init(&semAccess, 0, 1); //initialize semaphores //sem_init(&semAssign, 0, numberOfThreads); time_t tPre, tPost; pthread_t coordinate; tPre = time(NULL); pthread_create(&coordinate, NULL, assign, (void**)numberOfThreads); pthread_join(coordinate, NULL); tPost = time(NULL); } } void* findPrime(void* pack_array) { pack* currentPack= pack_array; int lp = currentPack->largestPrime; int si = currentPack->startingIndex; int nc = currentPack->numberCount; int i; int j = 0; for(i = si; i < nc; i++){ while(j < 2000 || i == (nc-1)){ if(prime(entries[i])){ if(entries[i] > lp) lp = entries[i]; } j++; } } return (void*)currentPack; } void* assign(void* num) { int y = (int)num; int i; int count = 10000000/y; int finalCount = count + (10000000%y); int sIndex = 0; pack pack_array[(int)num]; pthread_t workers[numberOfThreads]; //thread to do the workers for(i = 0; i < y; i++){ if(i == (y-1)){ pack_array[i].largestPrime = 0; pack_array[i].startingIndex = sIndex; pack_array[i].numberCount = finalCount; } pack_array[i].largestPrime = 0; pack_array[i].startingIndex = sIndex; pack_array[i].numberCount = count; pthread_create(&workers[i], NULL, findPrime, (void *)&pack_array[i]); sIndex += count; } for(i = 0; i< y; i++) pthread_join(workers[i], NULL); } //Functions int prime(int n)//check for prime number, return 1 for prime 0 for nonprime { int i; for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++) if(n % i == 0) return(0); return(1); }

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  • How to fix basicHttpBinding in WCF when using multiple proxy clients?

    - by Hemant
    [Question seems a little long but please have patience. It has sample source to explain the problem.] Consider following code which is essentially a WCF host: [ServiceContract (Namespace = "http://www.mightycalc.com")] interface ICalculator { [OperationContract] int Add (int aNum1, int aNum2); } [ServiceBehavior (InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall)] class Calculator: ICalculator { public int Add (int aNum1, int aNum2) { Thread.Sleep (2000); //Simulate a lengthy operation return aNum1 + aNum2; } } class Program { static void Main (string[] args) { try { using (var serviceHost = new ServiceHost (typeof (Calculator))) { var httpBinding = new BasicHttpBinding (BasicHttpSecurityMode.None); serviceHost.AddServiceEndpoint (typeof (ICalculator), httpBinding, "http://172.16.9.191:2221/calc"); serviceHost.Open (); Console.WriteLine ("Service is running. ENJOY!!!"); Console.WriteLine ("Type 'stop' and hit enter to stop the service."); Console.ReadLine (); if (serviceHost.State == CommunicationState.Opened) serviceHost.Close (); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine (e); Console.ReadLine (); } } } Also the WCF client program is: class Program { static int COUNT = 0; static Timer timer = null; static void Main (string[] args) { var threads = new Thread[10]; for (int i = 0; i < threads.Length; i++) { threads[i] = new Thread (Calculate); threads[i].Start (null); } timer = new Timer (o => Console.WriteLine ("Count: {0}", COUNT), null, 1000, 1000); Console.ReadLine (); timer.Dispose (); } static void Calculate (object state) { var c = new CalculatorClient ("BasicHttpBinding_ICalculator"); c.Open (); while (true) { try { var sum = c.Add (2, 3); Interlocked.Increment (ref COUNT); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine ("Error on thread {0}: {1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, ex.GetType ()); break; } } c.Close (); } } Basically, I am creating 10 proxy clients and then repeatedly calling Add service method on separate threads. Now if I run both applications and observe opened TCP connections using netstat, I find that: If both client and server are running on same machine, number of tcp connections are equal to number of proxy objects. It means all requests are being served in parallel. Which is good. If I run server on a separate machine, I observed that maximum 2 TCP connections are opened regardless of the number of proxy objects I create. Only 2 requests run in parallel. It hurts the processing speed badly. If I switch to net.tcp binding, everything works fine (a separate TCP connection for each proxy object even if they are running on different machines). I am very confused and unable to make the basicHttpBinding use more TCP connections. I know it is a long question, but please help!

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  • WPF vs. WinForms - a Delphi programmer's perspective?

    - by Robert Oschler
    I have read most of the major threads on WPF vs. WinForms and I find myself stuck in the unfortunate ambivalence you can fall into when deciding between the tried and true previous tech (Winforms), and it's successor (WPF). I am a veteran Delphi programmer of many years that is finally making the jump to C#. My fellow Delphi programmers out there will understand that I am excited to know that Anders Hejlsberg, of Delphi fame, was the architect behind C#. I have a strong addiction to Delphi's VCL custom components, especially those involved in making multi-step Wizards and components that act as a container for child components. With that background, I am hoping that those of you that switched from Delphi to C# can help me with my WinForms vs. WPF decision for writing my initial applications. Note, I am very impatient when coding and things like full fledged auto-complete and proper debugger support can make or break a project for me, including being able to find readily available information on API features and calls and even more so, workarounds for bugs. The SO threads and comments in the early 2009 date range give me great concern over WPF when it comes to potential frustrations that could mar my C# UI development coding. On the other hand, spending an inordinate amount of time learning an API tech that is, even if it is not abandoned, soon to be replaced (WinForms), is equally troubling and I do find the GPU support in WPF tantalizing. Hence my ambivalence. Since I haven't learned either tech yet I have a rare opportunity to get a fresh start and not have to face the big "unlearning" curve I've seen people mention in various threads when a WinForms programmer makes the move to WPF. On the other hand, if using WPF will just be too frustrating or have other major negative consequences for an impatient RAD developer like myself, then I'll just stick with WinForms until WPF reaches the same level of support and ease of use. To give you a concrete example into my psychology as a programmer, I used VB and subsequently Delphi to completely avoid altogether the very real pain of coding with MFC, a Windows UI library that many developers suffered through while developing early Windows apps. I have never regretted my luck in avoiding MFC. It would also be comforting to know if Anders Hejlsberg had a hand in the architecture of WPF and/or WinForms, and if there are any disparities in the creative vision and ease of use embodied in either code base. Finally, for the Delphi programmers again, let me know how much "IDE schock" I'm in for when using WPF as opposed to WinForms, especially when it comes to debugger support. Any job market comments updated for 2011 would be appreciated too. -- roschler

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  • WPF vs. WinForms - a Delphi programmer's perspective?

    - by Robert Oschler
    Hello all. I have read most of the major threads on WPF vs. WinForms and I find myself stuck in the unfortunate ambivalence you can fall into when deciding between the tried and true previous tech (Winforms), and it's successor (WPF). I am a veteran Delphi programmer of many years that is finally making the jump to C#. My fellow Delphi programmers out there will understand that I am excited to know that Anders Hejlsberg, of Delphi fame, was the architect behind C#. I have a strong addiction to Delphi's VCL custom components, especially those involved in making multi-step Wizards and components that act as a container for child components. With that background, I am hoping that those of you that switched from Delphi to C# can help me with my WinForms vs. WPF decision for writing my initial applications. Note, I am very impatient when coding and things like full fledged auto-complete and proper debugger support can make or break a project for me, including being able to find readily available information on API features and calls and even more so, workarounds for bugs. The SO threads and comments in the early 2009 date range give me great concern over WPF when it comes to potential frustrations that could mar my C# UI development coding. On the other hand, spending an inordinate amount of time learning an API tech that is, even if it is not abandoned, soon to be replaced (WinForms), is equally troubling and I do find the GPU support in WPF tantalizing. Hence my ambivalence. Since I haven't learned either tech yet I have a rare opportunity to get a fresh start and not have to face the big "unlearning" curve I've seen people mention in various threads when a WinForms programmer makes the move to WPF. On the other hand, if using WPF will just be too frustrating or have other major negative consequences for an impatient RAD developer like myself, then I'll just stick with WinForms until WPF reaches the same level of support and ease of use. To give you a concrete example into my psychology as a programmer, I used VB and subsequently Delphi to completely avoid altogether the very real pain of coding with MFC, a Windows UI library that many developers suffered through while developing early Windows apps. I have never regretted my luck in avoiding MFC. It would also be comforting to know if Anders Hejlsberg had a hand in the architecture of WPF and/or WinForms, and if there are any disparities in the creative vision and ease of use embodied in either code base. Finally, for the Delphi programmers again, let me know how much "IDE schock" I'm in for when using WPF as opposed to WinForms, especially when it comes to debugger support. Any job market comments updated for 2011 would be appreciated too. -- roschler

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 1 - Introduction & Basic Concepts

    - by Stefan Hinker
    LDoms - the correct name is Oracle VM Server for SPARC - have been around for quite a while now.  But to my surprise, I get more and more requests to explain how they work or to give advise on how to make good use of them.  This made me think that writing up a few articles discussing the different features would be a good idea.  Now - I don't intend to rewrite the LDoms Admin Guide or to copy and reformat the (hopefully) well known "Beginners Guide to LDoms" by Tony Shoumack from 2007.  Those documents are very recommendable - especially the Beginners Guide, although based on LDoms 1.0, is still a good place to begin with.  However, LDoms have come a long way since then, and I hope to contribute to their adoption by discussing how they work and what features there are today.  In this and the following posts, I will use the term "LDoms" as a common abbreviation for Oracle VM Server for SPARC, just because it's a lot shorter and easier to type (and presumably, read). So, just to get everyone on the same baseline, lets briefly discuss the basic concepts of virtualization with LDoms.  LDoms make use of a hypervisor as a layer of abstraction between real, physical hardware and virtual hardware.  This virtual hardware is then used to create a number of guest systems which each behave very similar to a system running on bare metal:  Each has its own OBP, each will install its own copy of the Solaris OS and each will see a certain amount of CPU, memory, disk and network resources available to it.  Unlike some other type 1 hypervisors running on x86 hardware, the SPARC hypervisor is embedded in the system firmware and makes use both of supporting functions in the sun4v SPARC instruction set as well as the overall CPU architecture to fulfill its function. The CMT architecture of the supporting CPUs (T1 through T4) provide a large number of cores and threads to the OS.  For example, the current T4 CPU has eight cores, each running 8 threads, for a total of 64 threads per socket.  To the OS, this looks like 64 CPUs.  The SPARC hypervisor, when creating guest systems, simply assigns a certain number of these threads exclusively to one guest, thus avoiding the overhead of having to schedule OS threads to CPUs, as do typical x86 hypervisors.  The hypervisor only assigns CPUs and then steps aside.  It is not involved in the actual work being dispatched from the OS to the CPU, all it does is maintain isolation between different guests. Likewise, memory is assigned exclusively to individual guests.  Here,  the hypervisor provides generic mappings between the physical hardware addresses and the guest's views on memory.  Again, the hypervisor is not involved in the actual memory access, it only maintains isolation between guests. During the inital setup of a system with LDoms, you start with one special domain, called the Control Domain.  Initially, this domain owns all the hardware available in the system, including all CPUs, all RAM and all IO resources.  If you'd be running the system un-virtualized, this would be what you'd be working with.  To allow for guests, you first resize this initial domain (also called a primary domain in LDoms speak), assigning it a small amount of CPU and memory.  This frees up most of the available CPU and memory resources for guest domains.  IO is a little more complex, but very straightforward.  When LDoms 1.0 first came out, the only way to provide IO to guest systems was to create virtual disk and network services and attach guests to these services.  In the meantime, several different ways to connect guest domains to IO have been developed, the most recent one being SR-IOV support for network devices released in version 2.2 of Oracle VM Server for SPARC. I will cover these more advanced features in detail later.  For now, lets have a short look at the initial way IO was virtualized in LDoms: For virtualized IO, you create two services, one "Virtual Disk Service" or vds, and one "Virtual Switch" or vswitch.  You can, of course, also create more of these, but that's more advanced than I want to cover in this introduction.  These IO services now connect real, physical IO resources like a disk LUN or a networt port to the virtual devices that are assigned to guest domains.  For disk IO, the normal case would be to connect a physical LUN (or some other storage option that I'll discuss later) to one specific guest.  That guest would be assigned a virtual disk, which would appear to be just like a real LUN to the guest, while the IO is actually routed through the virtual disk service down to the physical device.  For network, the vswitch acts very much like a real, physical ethernet switch - you connect one physical port to it for outside connectivity and define one or more connections per guest, just like you would plug cables between a real switch and a real system. For completeness, there is another service that provides console access to guest domains which mimics the behavior of serial terminal servers. The connections between the virtual devices on the guest's side and the virtual IO services in the primary domain are created by the hypervisor.  It uses so called "Logical Domain Channels" or LDCs to create point-to-point connections between all of these devices and services.  These LDCs work very similar to high speed serial connections and are configured automatically whenever the Control Domain adds or removes virtual IO. To see all this in action, now lets look at a first example.  I will start with a newly installed machine and configure the control domain so that it's ready to create guest systems. In a first step, after we've installed the software, let's start the virtual console service and downsize the primary domain.  root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-c-- UART 512 261632M 0.3% 2d 13h 58m root@sun # ldm add-vconscon port-range=5000-5100 \ primary-console primary root@sun # svcadm enable vntsd root@sun # svcs vntsd STATE STIME FMRI online 9:53:21 svc:/ldoms/vntsd:default root@sun # ldm set-vcpu 16 primary root@sun # ldm set-mau 1 primary root@sun # ldm start-reconf primary root@sun # ldm set-memory 7680m primary root@sun # ldm add-config initial root@sun # shutdown -y -g0 -i6 So what have I done: I've defined a range of ports (5000-5100) for the virtual network terminal service and then started that service.  The vnts will later provide console connections to guest systems, very much like serial NTS's do in the physical world. Next, I assigned 16 vCPUs (on this platform, a T3-4, that's two cores) to the primary domain, freeing the rest up for future guest systems.  I also assigned one MAU to this domain.  A MAU is a crypto unit in the T3 CPU.  These need to be explicitly assigned to domains, just like CPU or memory.  (This is no longer the case with T4 systems, where crypto is always available everywhere.) Before I reassigned the memory, I started what's called a "delayed reconfiguration" session.  That avoids actually doing the change right away, which would take a considerable amount of time in this case.  Instead, I'll need to reboot once I'm all done.  I've assigned 7680MB of RAM to the primary.  That's 8GB less the 512MB which the hypervisor uses for it's own private purposes.  You can, depending on your needs, work with less.  I'll spend a dedicated article on sizing, discussing the pros and cons in detail. Finally, just before the reboot, I saved my work on the ILOM, to make this configuration available after a powercycle of the box.  (It'll always be available after a simple reboot, but the ILOM needs to know the configuration of the hypervisor after a power-cycle, before the primary domain is booted.) Now, lets create a first disk service and a first virtual switch which is connected to the physical network device igb2. We will later use these to connect virtual disks and virtual network ports of our guest systems to real world storage and network. root@sun # ldm add-vds primary-vds root@sun # ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb2 switch-primary primary You are free to choose whatever names you like for the virtual disk service and the virtual switch.  I strongly recommend that you choose names that make sense to you and describe the function of each service in the context of your implementation.  For the vswitch, for example, you could choose names like "admin-vswitch" or "production-network" etc. This already concludes the configuration of the control domain.  We've freed up considerable amounts of CPU and RAM for guest systems and created the necessary infrastructure - console, vts and vswitch - so that guests systems can actually interact with the outside world.  The system is now ready to create guests, which I'll describe in the next section. For further reading, here are some recommendable links: The LDoms 2.2 Admin Guide The "Beginners Guide to LDoms" The LDoms Information Center on MOS LDoms on OTN

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