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  • git filter-branch chmod

    - by Evan Purkhiser
    I accidental had my umask set incorrectly for the past few months and somehow didn't notice. One of my git repositories has many files marked as executable that should be just 644. This repo has one main master branch, and about 4 private feature branches (that I keep rebased on top of the master). I've corrected the files in my master branch by running find -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; and committing the changes. I then rebased my feature branches onto master. The problem is there are newly created files in the feature branches that are only in that branch, so they weren't corrected by my massive chmod commit. I didn't want to create a new commit for each feature branch that does the same thing as the commit I made on master. So I decided it would be best to go back through to each commit where a file was made and set the permissions. This is what I tried: git filter-branch -f --tree-filter 'chmod 644 `git show --diff-filter=ACR --pretty="format:" --name-only $GIT_COMMIT`; git add .' master.. It looked like this worked, but upon further inspection I noticed that the every commit after a commit containing a new file with the proper permissions of 644 would actually revert the change with something like: diff --git a b old mode 100644 new mode 100755 I can't for the life of me figure out why this is happening. I think I must be mis-understanding how git filter-branch works. My Solution I've managed to fix my problem using this command: git filter-branch -f --tree-filter 'FILES="$FILES "`git show --diff-filter=ACMR --pretty="format:" --name-only $GIT_COMMIT`; chmod 644 $FILES; true' development.. I keep adding onto the FILES variable to ensure that in each commit any file created at some point has the proper mode. However, I'm still not sure I really understand why git tracks the file mode for each commit. I had though that since I had fixed the mode of the file when it was first created that it would stay that mode unless one of my other commits explicit changed it to something else. That did not appear to the be the case. The reason I thought that this would work is from my understanding of rebase. If I go back to HEAD~5 and change a line of code, that change is propagated through, it doesn't just get changed back in HEAD~4.

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  • Checking if a directory contains files

    - by ionn
    How do I check if a directory contains files? Something similar to this: if [ -e /some/dir/* ]; then echo "huzzah"; fi; but which works if the directory contains one or several files (the above one only works with exactly 0 or 1 files).

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  • Loading zsh as the default shell in gnu screen

    - by joel
    Hello, Im using KUbuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx). I have installed zsh and screen. I have set zsh as the default shell, by setting Command to zsh in Settings-Edit Current Profile of the terminal. But,when i launch screen,the bash shell is loaded. If i run the command zsh, then zsh starts but the following message is displayed: "/home/joel/.zshrc:36: Can't add module parameter `mapfile': parameter already exists" Also,zsh is invoked for only the current screen instance and i have to invoke it manually again for other instances. So,is there any way to make screen load zsh by default and invoke it automatically for every instance ? Thank You

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  • Editing Multiple files in vi with Wildcards

    - by Alan Storm
    When using the programmers text editor vi, I'll often using a wildcard search to be lazy about the file I want to edit vi ThisIsAReallLongFi*.txt When this matches a single file it works great. However, if it matches multiple files vi does something weird. First, it opens the first file for editing Second, when I :wq out of the file, I get a message the bottom of the terminal that looks like this E173: 4 more files to edit Hit ENTER or type command to continue When I hit enter, it returns me to edit mode in the file I was just in. The behavior I'd expect here would be that vi would move on to the next file to edit. So, What's the logic behind vi's behavior here Is there a way to move on and edit the next file that's been matched? And yes, I know about tab completion, this question is based on curiosity and wanting to understand the shell better.

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  • I am currently serving my static files in Django. How do I use Apache2 to do this?

    - by alex
    (r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), As you can see, I have a directory called "media" under my Django project. I would like to delete this line in my urls.py and instead us Apache to serve my static files. What do I do to my Apache configs (which files do I change) in order to do this? By the way, I installed Apache2 like normal: sudo aptitude install apache2

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  • Tool Compare the tables in two different databeses

    - by user191124
    I am using Toad. Frequently i need to compare tables in two different test environments. the tables present in them are same but the data differs. i just need to know what are the differences in the same tables which are in two different data bases.Are there any tools which can be installed on windows and use it to compare. Much appreciate your help:)

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  • set permissions to /bin/su

    - by JiminyCricket
    i need to change my /bin/su permissions back to the default, which is -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 42436 2009-09-08 04:52 /bin/su right now its -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42436 2009-09-08 04:52 /bin/su how do I add the s in...? ive never seen that before

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  • How to feed data over STDIN to multiple external commands in ruby.

    - by Erik
    This question is a bit like my previous (answered) question: How to run multiple external commands in the background in ruby. But, in this case I am looking for a way to feed ruby strings over STDIN to external processes, something like this (the code below is not valid but illustrates my goal): #!/usr/bin/ruby str1 = 'In reality a relatively large string.....' str2 = 'Another large string' str3 = 'etc..' spawn 'some_command.sh', :stdin => str1 spawn 'some_command.sh', :stdin => str2 spawn 'some_command.sh', :stdin => str3 Process.waitall

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  • Double paging definition

    - by Albinoswordfish
    This is not a programming question but more of an operating system question Right now I'm trying to learn what exactly Double paging means. I see two different terms, double paging on disk and double paging in memory. Apparently this problem arises when we introduce a buffer cache to store disk blocks when doing File I/O But I'm not really sure what exactly this term means. If anybody could specify it would be very helpful.

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  • What do programs see when ZFS can't deliver uncorrupted data?

    - by Jay Kominek
    Say my program attempts a read of a byte in a file on a ZFS filesystem. ZFS can locate a copy of the necessary block, but cannot locate any copy with a valid checksum (they're all corrupted, or the only disks present have corrupted copies). What does my program see, in terms of the return value from the read, and the byte it tried to read? And is there a way to influence the behavior (under Solaris, or any other ZFS-implementing OS), that is, force failure, or force success, with potentially corrupt data?

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  • How to use parallel execution in a shell script?

    - by eSKay
    I have a C shell script that does something like this: #!/bin/csh gcc example.c -o ex gcc combine.c -o combine ex file1 r1 <-- 1 ex file2 r2 <-- 2 ex file3 r3 <-- 3 #... many more like the above combine r1 r2 r3 final \rm r1 r2 r3 Is there some way I can make lines 1, 2 and 3 run in parallel instead of one after the another?

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  • ImageMagick - how to enforce min/max heights/widths?

    - by Henryh
    Using ImageMagick, how can I resize an image to have a minimum: height of 150px width of 200px and also have a maximum: height of 225px width of 275px UPDATE: In case it helps, here's a further explanation of what I'm experiencing. I have a buch of images with all different ratio dimensions. Some images have 1:5 height/width ratios. Some have 5:1 height/width ratios. So that I want to do is set that a minimum height/width size for the image but also don't want the image size to be larger than a particular size. If I need to apply white padding to an image to make it fit within my constraint so that I don't have to distort the image, I'd like to do so.

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  • how to add a function to that program, and call that function from the command line in the function

    - by user336291
    a#include "smallsh.h" /*include file for example*/ /*program buffers and work pointers*/ static char inpbuf[MAXBUF], tokbuf[2*MAXBUF], *ptr = inpbuf, *tok = tokbuf; userin(p) /*print prompt and read a line*/ char *p; { int c, count; /*initialization for later routines*/ ptr = inpbuf; tok = tokbuf; /*display prompt*/ printf("%s ",p); for(count = 0;;) { if((c = getchar()) == EOF) return(EOF); if(count<MAXBUF) inpbuf[count++] = c; if(c == '\n' && count <MAXBUF) { inpbuf[count] = '\0'; return(count); } /*if line too long restart*/ if(c == '\n') { printf("smallsh:input line too long\n"); count = 0; printf("%s",p); } } } gettok(outptr) /*get token and place into tokbuf*/ char **outptr; { int type; *outptr = tok; /*strip white space*/ for(;*ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ptr++) ; *tok++ = *ptr; switch(*ptr++) { case '\n': type = EOL; break; case '&': type = AMPERSAND; break; case ';': type = SEMICOLON; break; case '#': type = POUND; break; default: type = ARG; while(inarg(*ptr)) *tok++ = *ptr++; } *tok++ = '\0'; return(type); } static char special[]= {' ', '\t', '&', ':', '\n', '\0'}; inarg(c) /*are we in an ordinary argument*/ char c; { char *wrk; for(wrk = special;*wrk != '\0';wrk++) if(c == *wrk) return(0); return(1); } #include "smallsh.h" procline() /*process input line*/ { char *arg[MAXARG+1]; /*pointer array for runcommand*/ int toktype; /*type of token in command*/ int narg; /*number of arguments so far*/ int type; /*FOREGROUND or BACKGROUND*/ for(narg = 0;;) { /*loop FOREVER*/ /*take action according to token type*/ switch(toktype = gettok(&arg[narg])) { case ARG: if(narg<MAXARG) narg++; break; case EOL: case SEMICOLON: case AMPERSAND: case POUND: type = (toktype == AMPERSAND) ? BACKGROUND : FOREGROUND; if(narg!=0) { arg[narg] = NULL; runcommand(arg, type); } if((toktype == EOL)||(toktype=POUND)) return; narg = 0; break; } } } #include "smallsh.h" /*execute a command with optional wait*/ runcommand(cline,where) char **cline; int where; { int pid, exitstat, ret; if((pid = fork()) <0) { perror("smallsh"); return(-1); } if(pid == 0) { /*child*/ execvp(*cline, cline); perror(*cline); exit(127); } /*code for parent*/ /*if background process print pid and exit*/ if(where == BACKGROUND) { printf("[Process id %d]\n", pid); return(0); } /*wait until process pid exists*/ while( (ret=wait(&exitstat)) != pid && ret != -1) ; return(ret == -1 ? -1 : exitstat); } #include "smallsh.h" char *prompt = "Command>"; /*prompt*/ main() { while(userin(prompt) != EOF) procline(); }

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  • unexpected result from gnu sort

    - by funkycat
    when I try to sort the following text file 'input': test1 3 test3 2 test 4 with the command sort input the output is exactly the input. Here is the output of od -bc input : 0000000 164 145 163 164 061 011 063 012 164 145 163 164 063 011 062 012 t e s t 1 \t 3 \n t e s t 3 \t 2 \n 0000020 164 145 163 164 011 064 012 t e s t \t 4 \n 0000027 It's just a tab separated file with two columns. When I do sort -k 2 The output changes to test3 2 test1 3 test 4 which is what I would expect. But if I do sort -k 1 nothing changes with respect to the input, whereas I would expect 'test' to sort before 'test1'. Finally, if I do cat input | cut -f 1 | sort I get test test1 test3 as expected. Is there a logical explanation for this? What exactly is sort supposed to do by default, something like: sort -k 1 ? My version of sort: sort (GNU coreutils) 7.4

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  • Condition Variable in Shared Memory - is this code POSIX-conformant?

    - by GrahamS
    We've been trying to use a mutex and condition variable to synchronise access to named shared memory on a LynuxWorks LynxOS-SE system (POSIX-conformant). One shared memory block is called "/sync" and contains the mutex and condition variable, the other is "/data" and contains the actual data we are syncing access to. We're seeing failures from pthread_cond_signal() if both processes don't perform the mmap() calls in exactly the same order, or if one process mmaps in some other piece of shared memory before it mmaps the sync memory. This example code is about as short as I can make it: #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/file.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <errno.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; static const string shm_name_sync("/sync"); static const string shm_name_data("/data"); struct shared_memory_sync { pthread_mutex_t mutex; pthread_cond_t condition; }; struct shared_memory_data { int a; int b; }; //Create 2 shared memory objects // - sync contains 2 shared synchronisation objects (mutex and condition) // - data not important void create() { // Create and map 'sync' shared memory int fd_sync = shm_open(shm_name_sync.c_str(), O_CREAT|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); ftruncate(fd_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); void* addr_sync = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_sync), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_sync, 0); shared_memory_sync* p_sync = static_cast<shared_memory_sync*> (addr_sync); // init the cond and mutex pthread_condattr_t cond_attr; pthread_condattr_init(&cond_attr); pthread_condattr_setpshared(&cond_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED); pthread_cond_init(&(p_sync->condition), &cond_attr); pthread_condattr_destroy(&cond_attr); pthread_mutexattr_t m_attr; pthread_mutexattr_init(&m_attr); pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&m_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED); pthread_mutex_init(&(p_sync->mutex), &m_attr); pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&m_attr); // Create the 'data' shared memory int fd_data = shm_open(shm_name_data.c_str(), O_CREAT|O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); ftruncate(fd_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); void* addr_data = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_data), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_data, 0); shared_memory_data* p_data = static_cast<shared_memory_data*> (addr_data); // Run the second process while it sleeps here. sleep(10); int res = pthread_cond_signal(&(p_sync->condition)); assert(res==0); // <--- !!!THIS ASSERT WILL FAIL ON LYNXOS!!! munmap(addr_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); shm_unlink(shm_name_sync.c_str()); munmap(addr_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); shm_unlink(shm_name_data.c_str()); } //Open the same 2 shared memory objects but in reverse order // - data // - sync void open() { sleep(2); int fd_data = shm_open(shm_name_data.c_str(), O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); void* addr_data = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_data), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_data, 0); shared_memory_data* p_data = static_cast<shared_memory_data*> (addr_data); int fd_sync = shm_open(shm_name_sync.c_str(), O_RDWR, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR); void* addr_sync = mmap(0, sizeof(shared_memory_sync), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd_sync, 0); shared_memory_sync* p_sync = static_cast<shared_memory_sync*> (addr_sync); // Wait on the condvar pthread_mutex_lock(&(p_sync->mutex)); pthread_cond_wait(&(p_sync->condition), &(p_sync->mutex)); pthread_mutex_unlock(&(p_sync->mutex)); munmap(addr_sync, sizeof(shared_memory_sync)); munmap(addr_data, sizeof(shared_memory_data)); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { if(argc>1) { open(); } else { create(); } return (0); } Run this program with no args, then another copy with args, and the first one will fail at the assert checking the pthread_cond_signal(). But change the open() function to mmap() the "/sync" memory first and it will all work fine. This seems like a major bug in LynxOS but LynuxWorks claim that using mutex and condition variable in this way is not covered by the POSIX standard, so they are not interested. Can anyone determine if this code does violate POSIX? Or does anyone have any convincing documentation that it is POSIX compliant?

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  • how to grep for the whole word

    - by josh
    I am using the following command to grep stuff in subdirs find . | xargs grep -s 's:text' However, this also finds stuff like <s:textfield name="sdfsf"...../> What can I do to avoid that so it just finds stuff like <s:text name="sdfsdf"/> OR for that matter....also finds <s:text somethingElse="lkjkj" name="lkkj" basically s:text and name should be on same line....

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  • Using find and tar with files with special characters in the name

    - by Costi
    I want to archive all .ctl files in a folder, recursively. tar -cf ctlfiles.tar `find /home/db -name "*.ctl" -print` The error message : tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: /home/db/dunn/j: Cannot stat: No such file or directory tar: 74.ctl: Cannot stat: No such file or directory I have these files: /home/db/dunn/j 74.ctl and j 75. Notice the extra space. What if the files have other special characters? How do I archive these files recursively?

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  • Pattern Matching in Columns

    - by Chronicles
    File 1 A11;F1;BMW A23;F2;BMW B12;F3;BMW H11;F4;JBW File 2 P01;A1;0;0--00 ;123;456;150 P01;A11;0;0--00 ;123;444;208 P01;B12;0;0--00 ;123;111;36 P01;V11;0;0--00 ;123;787;33.9 Output -;-;-;P01;A1;0;0--00 ;123;456;150 A11;F1;BMW;P01;A11;0;0--00 ;123;444;208 B12;F3;BMW;P01;B12;0;0--00 ;123;111;36 -;-;-;P01;V11;0;0--00 ;123;787;33.9 I TRIED awk 'FNR==NR {a[$2] = $0; next }{ if($1 in a) {p=$1;$1="";print a[p],$0}}' File1 File2 But didnt work. Basically I want to get the details from FILE 1 and compare with FILE2 (master list) . Example : A1 in FILE2 was not available in FILE1 , so in output file we have “-“ for 1st three fields and rest from FILE2 . Now, we have A11 and we got the detail in FILE1. So we write details of A11 from both File 1 & 2

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  • undo continually vi

    - by wowrt
    Hi, I am using vi(not Vim) and I would like to continually undo the changes made. u works for a single command undo and Ufor a single line undo. But Is there a way to undo continuously like vim(I recall a command in vim can even undo changes by time!) in vi? Thanks in Advance.

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  • Parsing Chunk of Data into Hash of Array With Perl

    - by neversaint
    I have data that looks like this: #info #info2 1:SRX004541 Submitter: UT-MGS, UT-MGS Study: Glossina morsitans transcript sequencing project(SRP000741) Sample: Glossina morsitans(SRS002835) Instrument: Illumina Genome Analyzer Total: 1 run, 8.3M spots, 299.9M bases Run #1: SRR016086, 8330172 spots, 299886192 bases 2:SRX004540 Submitter: UT-MGS Study: Anopheles stephensi transcript sequencing project(SRP000747) Sample: Anopheles stephensi(SRS002864) Instrument: Solexa 1G Genome Analyzer Total: 1 run, 8.4M spots, 401M bases Run #1: SRR017875, 8354743 spots, 401027664 bases 3:SRX002521 Submitter: UT-MGS Study: Massive transcriptional start site mapping of human cells under hypoxic conditions.(SRP000403) Sample: Human DLD-1 tissue culture cell line(SRS001843) Instrument: Solexa 1G Genome Analyzer Total: 6 runs, 27.1M spots, 977M bases Run #1: SRR013356, 4801519 spots, 172854684 bases Run #2: SRR013357, 3603355 spots, 129720780 bases Run #3: SRR013358, 3459692 spots, 124548912 bases Run #4: SRR013360, 5219342 spots, 187896312 bases Run #5: SRR013361, 5140152 spots, 185045472 bases Run #6: SRR013370, 4916054 spots, 176977944 bases What I want to do is to create a hash of array with first line of each chunk as keys and SR## part of lines with "^Run" as its array member: $VAR = { 'SRX004541' => ['SRR016086'], # etc } But why my construct doesn't work. And it must be a better way to do it. use Data::Dumper; my %bighash; my $head = ""; my @temp = (); while ( <> ) { chomp; next if (/^\#/); if ( /^\d{1,2}:(\w+)/ ) { print "$1\n"; $head = $1; } elsif (/^Run \#\d+: (\w+),.*/){ print "\t$1\n"; push @temp, $1; } elsif (/^$/) { push @{$bighash{$head}}, [@temp]; @temp =(); } } print Dumper \%bighash ;

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  • Checking status after wait()

    - by Helper Method
    After creating a child process and exiting it immediately (_exit()), I want to perform a wait and check the status. Now I wonder if in the 'else' branch of the if/else construct I also need to check for WIFSIGNALED. As far as I understand, if I perform a wait, a) an error could have occured (-1), the child could have terminated normally by an (exit() or _exit()), or it could have been terminated by a signal, so the check could be omitted, right? //remainder omitted int status; pid_t t_pid = wait(&status); if (t_pid == -1) { perror("wait"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (WIFEXITED(status)) { printf("child terminated normally, status = %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status) ); } else { // <-- do it have to check for WIFSIGNALED() here? printf("child was terminated by a signal, signum = %d\n", WTERMSIG(status) ); }

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  • generate sha256 with openssl and C++

    - by Stanislav Palatnik
    Hello, I'm looking to create a hash with sha256 using openssl and C++. I know there's a similar post about this here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/918676/generate-sha-hash-in-openssl, but I'm looking to specifically create sha256. UPDATE: Seems to be a problem witht he include paths. It can't find any openssl functions even though I included #include "openssl/sha.h" and I included the paths in my build -I/opt/ssl/include/ -L/opt/ssl/lib/ -lcrypto

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  • killing all instances of chrome on the command line?

    - by Fedor
    In some cases killing a single tab/process doesn't do it and I need to close Chrome entirely. Since Chrome has multiple processes, how can I close all of them at once? I know that... pgrep chrome returns all the pids, can someone tell me a trick that would allow me to close all of them by feeding them to another command or merging them to a csv or something?

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