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• Installing UCMA 3.0 and Creating a Communications Server "14"Trusted Application Pool

  A lot of setup and administration tasks have gotten a lot easier in Communications Server 14; one of them is building an application server to develop and run your UCMA 3.0 applications on. In this post, Ill walk you through installing the UCMA 3.0 Core SDK and creating a Trusted Application Pool on the server, thus adding it to the Communications Server 14 topology and allowing you to host and run UCMA 3.0 applications on it. Note: These instructions will change slightly as the bits get updated for the eventual Beta release I will update this post as soon as I get a chance to run this setup on a more recent build. Im doing the install on a simple Communications Server 14 topology consisting of the following Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V images: DC Domain Controller ExchangeUM Exchange Server 2010 CS-SE Microsoft Communications Server 2010 Standard Edition TS Development machine Ill walk through setting up UCMA 3.0 on the TS VM, which is a fully patched Windows Server 2008 R2 machine that is joined to the Fabrikam domain.   Im also running Visual Studio 2010 on this VM because I intend to use it as a development machine.  In a future post, Ill walk through installing just the UCMA 3.0 run time to build a true production UCMA application server. Im making a couple of assumptions here: You have an existing CS 2010 site and cluster configured(well look at this in a future post) Youre starting with a fully patched Windows Server 2008 R2 machine The machine is joined to your domain This walkthrough was done in my Fabrikam VM environment but can easily be modified for your own environment. Installing the UCMA 3.0 SDK Lets start by installing the UCMA 3.0 SDK.  Run UcmaSdkWebDownload.msi to kick off the SDK installer package extract process. The installed package is extracted to C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft UCMA 3.0 >> SDK Installer Package.  Browse there and run setup.exe. Click Install to install the UCMA 3.0 Core SDK and Workflow SDK. Install Communications Server Core Components UCMA 3.0 introduces a new concept called Auto-provisioning, which is most easily explained from the developer point of view.  Remember what your app.config looked it in UCMA 2.0?  You had to store the application GRUU, the trusted contact SIP Uri, the port for your application, and the name of the certificate authority. Thats all gone with auto-provisioning all you need in your app.config is your ApplicationId, e.g.: urn:application:MyApplication. How does CS 2010 do this? All of the applications configuration data is associated with the applications id.  UCMA also queries a replicated copy of the Central Management Database to retrieve the applications configuration data and also the configuration data for any endpoints. In this step, well run Bootstrapper.exe to install the CS Core components, this checked for the following components and installs them if they are not already present: VcRedist Sqlexpress Sqlnativeclient Sqlbackcompat Ucmaredist OcsCore.msi Open a command window at C: >> Program Files >> Microsoft Communications Server 2010 >> Deployment and run the following command: Bootstrapper.exe /BootstrapReplica /MinCache /SourceDirectory:"%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft UCMA 3.0\SDK Installer Package\Prereq\BootstrapperCache" Create a New Trusted Application Pool The next step is to create a new trusted application pool for the new server.  Fire up the Communications Server Management Shell from Start >> Microsoft Communications Server 2010 >> Communications Server Management Shell and enter the following PowerShell command: New-CsTrustedApplicationPool -Identity <FQDN of Server> -Registrar <FQDN of CS Server> -Site <CS Site Name> Verify that the new server was added to the CS topology by running the following PowerShell command: (Get-CsTopology -AsXml).ToString() > Topology.xml This created a file called Topology.xml in the directory that you ran the command from.  Open the file and find the Clusters section and look for a node for the new server. The Cluster Fqdn is the name of your server, and note the name of the Site that this Cluster is a part of. <Cluster Fqdn="appsrv.fabrikam.com" RequiresReplication="true" RequiresSetup="true"> <ClusterId SiteId="UcMarketing2" Number="5" /> <Machine OrdinalInCluster="1" Fqdn="appsrv.fabrikam.com"> <NetInterface InterfaceSide="Primary" InterfaceNumber="1" IPAddress="0.0.0.0" /> </Machine> </Cluster> Configure CS Management Store Replication At this point, we have the CS Core components installed and the server configured as a trusted application pool.  We now need to set up replication so that the Central Management Store replicates down to the new server. From the Communications Server Management Shell, run the following PowerShell command to enable the Replica service on the new server: Enable-CSReplica The Replica service is enabled, but hasn't done anything yet. This can be verified by running the following PowerShell command to check the replication status for the various servers in the topology: Get-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus You can see in the screenshot below that the UpToDate property of the new server is still False Run the following PowerShell command to force the replication to run: Invoke-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus Run Get-CSManagementStoreReplicationStatus again to verify that the new service is now up to date Request and Set a New Certificate The last step in the process is to request a new certificate from the certificate authority on the domain and assign it to the new server. From the Communications Server Management Shell, run the following PowerShell command to request a new certificate: Request-CSCertificate -Action new -Type default -CA <Domain Controller FQDN>\<Certificate Authority> Setting the -Verbose switch on the cmdlet creates an Xml file with its output. Open the Xml file and copy the thumbprint of the generated certificate. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Action Name="Request-CsCertificate" Time="20100512T212258"> <Action Name="Request-CsCertificate" Time="20100512T212258"> <Info Title="Connection" Time="20100512T212258">Data Source=(local)\rtclocal;Initial Catalog=xds;Integrated Security=True</Info> <Action Time="20100512T212258"> <Info Title="Certificate use" Time="20100512T212258">urn:certref:default</Info> <Info Title="Subject distinguished name" Time="20100512T212258">CN="appsrv2.fabrikam.com"</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate request is submitted to the Certification Authority dc.fabrikam.com\FabrikamCA.</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate was issued.</Info> <Info Time="20100512T212259">The certificate was imported with thumbprint AFC3C46E459C1A39AD06247676F3555826DBF705.</Info> <Complete Time="20100512T212259" /> </Action> <Info Title="command status" Time="20100512T212259">Command execution processing completed</Info> <Action Name="DeploymentXdsCmdlet.SaveCachedItems" Time="20100512T212259"> <Info Time="20100512T212259">0 updates</Info> <Complete Time="20100512T212259" /> </Action> <Info Title="command status" Time="20100512T212259">Command has completed</Info> </Action> </Action> Run the following PowerShell command to set the certificate: Set-CsCertificate -Type Default -Thumbprint <Thumbprint> Wrapping Up You now have a new UCMA 3.0 application server in your Communications Server 2010 server topology.  You can provision trusted applications and trusted application endpoints on the new server using the Communications Server 2010 Management Shell.  Well take a look at how to do that in another post. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• ASP.NET MVC ‘Extendable-hooks’ – ControllerActionInvoker class

  - by nmarun

  There’s a class ControllerActionInvoker in ASP.NET MVC. This can be used as one of an hook-points to allow customization of your application. Watching Brad Wilsons’ Advanced MP3 from MVC Conf inspired me to write about this class. What MSDN says: “Represents a class that is responsible for invoking the action methods of a controller.” Well if MSDN says it, I think I can instill a fair amount of confidence into what the class does. But just to get to the details, I also looked into the source code for MVC. Seems like the base class Controller is where an IActionInvoker is initialized: 1: protected virtual IActionInvoker CreateActionInvoker() { 2: return new ControllerActionInvoker(); 3: } In the ControllerActionInvoker (the O-O-B behavior), there are different ‘versions’ of InvokeActionMethod() method that actually call the action method in question and return an instance of type ActionResult. 1: protected virtual ActionResult InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary<string, object> parameters) { 2: object returnValue = actionDescriptor.Execute(controllerContext, parameters); 3: ActionResult result = CreateActionResult(controllerContext, actionDescriptor, returnValue); 4: return result; 5: } I guess that’s enough on the ‘behind-the-screens’ of this class. Let’s see how we can use this class to hook-up extensions. Say I have a requirement that the user should be able to get different renderings of the same output, like html, xml, json, csv and so on. The user will type-in the output format in the url and should the get result accordingly. For example: http://site.com/RenderAs/ – renders the default way (the razor view) http://site.com/RenderAs/xml http://site.com/RenderAs/csv … and so on where RenderAs is my controller. There are many ways of doing this and I’m using a custom ControllerActionInvoker class (even though this might not be the best way to accomplish this). For this, my one and only route in the Global.asax.cs is: 1: routes.MapRoute("RenderAsRoute", "RenderAs/{outputType}", 2: new {controller = "RenderAs", action = "Index", outputType = ""}); Here the controller name is ‘RenderAsController’ and the action that’ll get called (always) is the Index action. The outputType parameter will map to the type of output requested by the user (xml, csv…). I intend to display a list of food items for this example. 1: public class Item 2: { 3: public int Id { get; set; } 4: public string Name { get; set; } 5: public Cuisine Cuisine { get; set; } 6: } 7:  8: public class Cuisine 9: { 10: public int CuisineId { get; set; } 11: public string Name { get; set; } 12: } Coming to my ‘RenderAsController’ class. I generate an IList<Item> to represent my model. 1: private static IList<Item> GetItems() 2: { 3: Cuisine cuisine = new Cuisine { CuisineId = 1, Name = "Italian" }; 4: Item item = new Item { Id = 1, Name = "Lasagna", Cuisine = cuisine }; 5: IList<Item> items = new List<Item> { item }; 6: item = new Item {Id = 2, Name = "Pasta", Cuisine = cuisine}; 7: items.Add(item); 8: //... 9: return items; 10: } My action method looks like 1: public IList<Item> Index(string outputType) 2: { 3: return GetItems(); 4: } There are two things that stand out in this action method. The first and the most obvious one being that the return type is not of type ActionResult (or one of its derivatives). Instead I’m passing the type of the model itself (IList<Item> in this case). We’ll convert this to some type of an ActionResult in our custom controller action invoker class later. The second thing (a little subtle) is that I’m not doing anything with the outputType value that is passed on to this action method. This value will be in the RouteData dictionary and we’ll use this in our custom invoker class as well. It’s time to hook up our invoker class. First, I’ll override the Initialize() method of my RenderAsController class. 1: protected override void Initialize(RequestContext requestContext) 2: { 3: base.Initialize(requestContext); 4: string outputType = string.Empty; 5:  6: // read the outputType from the RouteData dictionary 7: if (requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"] != null) 8: { 9: outputType = requestContext.RouteData.Values["outputType"].ToString(); 10: } 11:  12: // my custom invoker class 13: ActionInvoker = new ContentRendererActionInvoker(outputType); 14: } Coming to the main part of the discussion – the ContentRendererActionInvoker class: 1: public class ContentRendererActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: private readonly string _outputType; 4:  5: public ContentRendererActionInvoker(string outputType) 6: { 7: _outputType = outputType.ToLower(); 8: } 9: //... 10: } So the outputType value that was read from the RouteData, which was passed in from the url, is being set here in  a private field. Moving to the crux of this article, I now override the CreateActionResult method. 1: protected override ActionResult CreateActionResult(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, object actionReturnValue) 2: { 3: if (actionReturnValue == null) 4: return new EmptyResult(); 5:  6: ActionResult result = actionReturnValue as ActionResult; 7: if (result != null) 8: return result; 9:  10: // This is where the magic happens 11: // Depending on the value in the _outputType field, 12: // return an appropriate ActionResult 13: switch (_outputType) 14: { 15: case "json": 16: { 17: JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 18: string json = serializer.Serialize(actionReturnValue); 19: return new ContentResult { Content = json, ContentType = "application/json" }; 20: } 21: case "xml": 22: { 23: XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(actionReturnValue.GetType()); 24: using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) 25: { 26: serializer.Serialize(writer, actionReturnValue); 27: return new ContentResult { Content = writer.ToString(), ContentType = "text/xml" }; 28: } 29: } 30: case "csv": 31: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=items.csv"); 32: return new ContentResult 33: { 34: Content = ToCsv(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>), 35: ContentType = "application/ms-excel" 36: }; 37: case "pdf": 38: string filePath = controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/items.pdf"); 39: controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", 40: "attachment; filename=items.pdf"); 41: ToPdf(actionReturnValue as IList<Item>, filePath); 42: return new FileContentResult(StreamFile(filePath), "application/pdf"); 43:  44: default: 45: controllerContext.Controller.ViewData.Model = actionReturnValue; 46: return new ViewResult 47: { 48: TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData, 49: ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData 50: }; 51: } 52: } A big method there! The hook I was talking about kinda above actually is here. This is where different kinds / formats of output get returned based on the output type requested in the url. When the _outputType is not set (string.Empty as set in the Global.asax.cs file), the razor view gets rendered (lines 45-50). This is the default behavior in most MVC applications where-in a view (webform/razor) gets rendered on the browser. As you see here, this gets returned as a ViewResult. But then, for an outputType of json/xml/csv, a ContentResult gets returned, while for pdf, a FileContentResult is returned. Here are how the different kinds of output look like: This is how we can leverage this feature of ASP.NET MVC to developer a better application. I’ve used the iTextSharp library to convert to a pdf format. Mike gives quite a bit of detail regarding this library here. You can download the sample code here. (You’ll get an option to download once you open the link). Verdict: Hot chocolate: $3; Reebok shoes: $50; Your first car: $3000; Being able to extend a web application: Priceless.

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• ASP.NET MVC Validation Complete

  - by Ricardo Peres

  OK, so let’s talk about validation. Most people are probably familiar with the out of the box validation attributes that MVC knows about, from the System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations namespace, such as EnumDataTypeAttribute, RequiredAttribute, StringLengthAttribute, RangeAttribute, RegularExpressionAttribute and CompareAttribute from the System.Web.Mvc namespace. All of these validators inherit from ValidationAttribute and perform server as well as client-side validation. In order to use them, you must include the JavaScript files MicrosoftMvcValidation.js, jquery.validate.js or jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js, depending on whether you want to use Microsoft’s own library or jQuery. No significant difference exists, but jQuery is more extensible. You can also create your own attribute by inheriting from ValidationAttribute, but, if you want to have client-side behavior, you must also implement IClientValidatable (all of the out of the box validation attributes implement it) and supply your own JavaScript validation function that mimics its server-side counterpart. Of course, you must reference the JavaScript file where the declaration function is. Let’s see an example, validating even numbers. First, the validation attribute: 1: [Serializable] 2: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)] 3: public class IsEvenAttribute : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable 4: { 5: protected override ValidationResult IsValid(Object value, ValidationContext validationContext) 6: { 7: Int32 v = Convert.ToInt32(value); 8:  9: if (v % 2 == 0) 10: { 11: return (ValidationResult.Success); 12: } 13: else 14: { 15: return (new ValidationResult("Value is not even")); 16: } 17: } 18:  19: #region IClientValidatable Members 20:  21: public IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context) 22: { 23: yield return (new ModelClientValidationRule() { ValidationType = "iseven", ErrorMessage = "Value is not even" }); 24: } 25:  26: #endregion 27: } The iseven validation function is declared like this in JavaScript, using jQuery validation: 1: jQuery.validator.addMethod('iseven', function (value, element, params) 2: { 3: return (true); 4: return ((parseInt(value) % 2) == 0); 5: }); 6:  7: jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.adapters.add('iseven', [], function (options) 8: { 9: options.rules['iseven'] = options.params; 10: options.messages['iseven'] = options.message; 11: }); Do keep in mind that this is a simple example, for example, we are not using parameters, which may be required for some more advanced scenarios. As a side note, if you implement a custom validator that also requires a JavaScript function, you’ll probably want them together. One way to achieve this is by including the JavaScript file as an embedded resource on the same assembly where the custom attribute is declared. You do this by having its Build Action set as Embedded Resource inside Visual Studio: Then you have to declare an attribute at assembly level, perhaps in the AssemblyInfo.cs file: 1: [assembly: WebResource("SomeNamespace.IsEven.js", "text/javascript")] In your views, if you want to include a JavaScript file from an embedded resource you can use this code: 1: public static class UrlExtensions 2: { 3: private static readonly MethodInfo getResourceUrlMethod = typeof(AssemblyResourceLoader).GetMethod("GetWebResourceUrlInternal", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static); 4:  5: public static IHtmlString Resource<TType>(this UrlHelper url, String resourceName) 6: { 7: return (Resource(url, typeof(TType).Assembly.FullName, resourceName)); 8: } 9:  10: public static IHtmlString Resource(this UrlHelper url, String assemblyName, String resourceName) 11: { 12: String resourceUrl = getResourceUrlMethod.Invoke(null, new Object[] { Assembly.Load(assemblyName), resourceName, false, false, null }).ToString(); 13: return (new HtmlString(resourceUrl)); 14: } 15: } And on the view: 1: <script src="<%: this.Url.Resource("SomeAssembly", "SomeNamespace.IsEven.js") %>" type="text/javascript"></script> Then there’s the CustomValidationAttribute. It allows externalizing your validation logic to another class, so you have to tell which type and method to use. The method can be static as well as instance, if it is instance, the class cannot be abstract and must have a public parameterless constructor. It can be applied to a property as well as a class. It does not, however, support client-side validation. Let’s see an example declaration: 1: [CustomValidation(typeof(ProductValidator), "OnValidateName")] 2: public String Name 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } The validation method needs this signature: 1: public static ValidationResult OnValidateName(String name) 2: { 3: if ((String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) == false) && (name.Length <= 50)) 4: { 5: return (ValidationResult.Success); 6: } 7: else 8: { 9: return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The name has an invalid value: {0}", name), new String[] { "Name" })); 10: } 11: } Note that it can be either static or instance and it must return a ValidationResult-derived class. ValidationResult.Success is null, so any non-null value is considered a validation error. The single method argument must match the property type to which the attribute is attached to or the class, in case it is applied to a class: 1: [CustomValidation(typeof(ProductValidator), "OnValidateProduct")] 2: public class Product 3: { 4: } The signature must thus be: 1: public static ValidationResult OnValidateProduct(Product product) 2: { 3: } Continuing with attribute-based validation, another possibility is RemoteAttribute. This allows specifying a controller and an action method just for performing the validation of a property or set of properties. This works in a client-side AJAX way and it can be very useful. Let’s see an example, starting with the attribute declaration and proceeding to the action method implementation: 1: [Remote("Validate", "Validation")] 2: public String Username 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } The controller action method must contain an argument that can be bound to the property: 1: public ActionResult Validate(String username) 2: { 3: return (this.Json(true, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet)); 4: } If in your result JSON object you include a string instead of the true value, it will consider it as an error, and the validation will fail. This string will be displayed as the error message, if you have included it in your view. You can also use the remote validation approach for validating your entire entity, by including all of its properties as included fields in the attribute and having an action method that receives an entity instead of a single property: 1: [Remote("Validate", "Validation", AdditionalFields = "Price")] 2: public String Name 3: { 4: get; 5: set; 6: } 7:  8: public Decimal Price 9: { 10: get; 11: set; 12: } The action method will then be: 1: public ActionResult Validate(Product product) 2: { 3: return (this.Json("Product is not valid", JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet)); 4: } Only the property to which the attribute is applied and the additional properties referenced by the AdditionalFields will be populated in the entity instance received by the validation method. The same rule previously stated applies, if you return anything other than true, it will be used as the validation error message for the entity. The remote validation is triggered automatically, but you can also call it explicitly. In the next example, I am causing the full entity validation, see the call to serialize(): 1: function validate() 2: { 3: var form = $('form'); 4: var data = form.serialize(); 5: var url = '<%: this.Url.Action("Validation", "Validate") %>'; 6:  7: var result = $.ajax 8: ( 9: { 10: type: 'POST', 11: url: url, 12: data: data, 13: async: false 14: } 15: ).responseText; 16:  17: if (result) 18: { 19: //error 20: } 21: } Finally, by implementing IValidatableObject, you can implement your validation logic on the object itself, that is, you make it self-validatable. This will only work server-side, that is, the ModelState.IsValid property will be set to false on the controller’s action method if the validation in unsuccessful. Let’s see how to implement it: 1: public class Product : IValidatableObject 2: { 3: public String Name 4: { 5: get; 6: set; 7: } 8:  9: public Decimal Price 10: { 11: get; 12: set; 13: } 14:  15: #region IValidatableObject Members 16: 17: public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext) 18: { 19: if ((String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.Name) == true) || (this.Name.Length > 50)) 20: { 21: yield return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The name has an invalid value: {0}", this.Name), new String[] { "Name" })); 22: } 23: 24: if ((this.Price <= 0) || (this.Price > 100)) 25: { 26: yield return (new ValidationResult(String.Format("The price has an invalid value: {0}", this.Price), new String[] { "Price" })); 27: } 28: } 29: 30: #endregion 31: } The errors returned will be matched against the model properties through the MemberNames property of the ValidationResult class and will be displayed in their proper labels, if present on the view. On the controller action method you can check for model validity by looking at ModelState.IsValid and you can get actual error messages and related properties by examining all of the entries in the ModelState dictionary: 1: Dictionary<String, String> errors = new Dictionary<String, String>(); 2:  3: foreach (KeyValuePair<String, ModelState> keyValue in this.ModelState) 4: { 5: String key = keyValue.Key; 6: ModelState modelState = keyValue.Value; 7:  8: foreach (ModelError error in modelState.Errors) 9: { 10: errors[key] = error.ErrorMessage; 11: } 12: } And these are the ways to perform date validation in ASP.NET MVC. Don’t forget to use them!

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• C#: Handling Notifications: inheritance, events, or delegates?

  - by James Michael Hare

  Often times as developers we have to design a class where we get notification when certain things happen. In older object-oriented code this would often be implemented by overriding methods -- with events, delegates, and interfaces, however, we have far more elegant options. So, when should you use each of these methods and what are their strengths and weaknesses? Now, for the purposes of this article when I say notification, I'm just talking about ways for a class to let a user know that something has occurred. This can be through any programmatic means such as inheritance, events, delegates, etc. So let's build some context. I'm sitting here thinking about a provider neutral messaging layer for the place I work, and I got to the point where I needed to design the message subscriber which will receive messages from the message bus. Basically, what we want is to be able to create a message listener and have it be called whenever a new message arrives. Now, back before the flood we would have done this via inheritance and an abstract class: 1:  2: // using inheritance - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 3: public abstract class MessageListener 4: { 5: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 14: _messageThread.Start(); 15: } 16:  17: // user will override this to process their messages 18: protected abstract void OnMessageReceived(Message msg); 19:  20: // handle the looping in the thread 21: private void MessageLoop() 22: { 23: while(!_isHalted) 24: { 25: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 26: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 27: if(msg != null) 28: { 29: OnMessageReceived(msg); 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: ... 34: } It seems so odd to write this kind of code now. Does it feel odd to you? Maybe it's just because I've gotten so used to delegation that I really don't like the feel of this. To me it is akin to saying that if I want to drive my car I need to derive a new instance of it just to put myself in the driver's seat. And yet, unquestionably, five years ago I would have probably written the code as you see above. To me, inheritance is a flawed approach for notifications due to several reasons: Inheritance is one of the HIGHEST forms of coupling. You can't seal the listener class because it depends on sub-classing to work. Because C# does not allow multiple-inheritance, I've spent my one inheritance implementing this class. Every time you need to listen to a bus, you have to derive a class which leads to lots of trivial sub-classes. The act of consuming a message should be a separate responsibility than the act of listening for a message (SRP). Inheritance is such a strong statement (this IS-A that) that it should only be used in building type hierarchies and not for overriding use-specific behaviors and notifications. Chances are, if a class needs to be inherited to be used, it most likely is not designed as well as it could be in today's modern programming languages. So lets look at the other tools available to us for getting notified instead. Here's a few other choices to consider. Have the listener expose a MessageReceived event. Have the listener accept a new IMessageHandler interface instance. Have the listener accept an Action<Message> delegate. Really, all of these are different forms of delegation. Now, .NET events are a bit heavier than the other types of delegates in terms of run-time execution, but they are a great way to allow others using your class to subscribe to your events: 1: // using event - ommiting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private bool _isHalted = false; 6: private Thread _messageThread; 7:  8: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 9: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber) 10: { 11: _subscriber = subscriber; 12: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 13: _messageThread.Start(); 14: } 15:  16: // user will override this to process their messages 17: public event Action<Message> MessageReceived; 18:  19: // handle the looping in the thread 20: private void MessageLoop() 21: { 22: while(!_isHalted) 23: { 24: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 25: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 26: if(msg != null && MessageReceived != null) 27: { 28: MessageReceived(msg); 29: } 30: } 31: } 32: } Note, now we can seal the class to avoid changes and the user just needs to provide a message handling method: 1: theListener.MessageReceived += CustomReceiveMethod; However, personally I don't think events hold up as well in this case because events are largely optional. To me, what is the point of a listener if you create one with no event listeners? So in my mind, use events when handling the notification is optional. So how about the delegation via interface? I personally like this method quite a bit. Basically what it does is similar to inheritance method mentioned first, but better because it makes it easy to split the part of the class that doesn't change (the base listener behavior) from the part that does change (the user-specified action after receiving a message). So assuming we had an interface like: 1: public interface IMessageHandler 2: { 3: void OnMessageReceived(Message receivedMessage); 4: } Our listener would look like this: 1: // using delegation via interface - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private IMessageHandler _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler.OnMessageReceived(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } And they would call it by creating a class that implements IMessageHandler and pass that instance into the constructor of the listener. I like that this alleviates the issues of inheritance and essentially forces you to provide a handler (as opposed to events) on construction. Well, this is good, but personally I think we could go one step further. While I like this better than events or inheritance, it still forces you to implement a specific method name. What if that name collides? Furthermore if you have lots of these you end up either with large classes inheriting multiple interfaces to implement one method, or lots of small classes. Also, if you had one class that wanted to manage messages from two different subscribers differently, it wouldn't be able to because the interface can't be overloaded. This brings me to using delegates directly. In general, every time I think about creating an interface for something, and if that interface contains only one method, I start thinking a delegate is a better approach. Now, that said delegates don't accomplish everything an interface can. Obviously having the interface allows you to refer to the classes that implement the interface which can be very handy. In this case, though, really all you want is a method to handle the messages. So let's look at a method delegate: 1: // using delegation via delegate - omitting argument null checks and halt logic 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // handle the looping in the thread 19: private void MessageLoop() 20: { 21: while(!_isHalted) 22: { 23: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 24: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 25: if(msg != null) 26: { 27: _handler(msg); 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } Here the MessageListener now takes an Action<Message>.  For those of you unfamiliar with the pre-defined delegate types in .NET, that is a method with the signature: void SomeMethodName(Message). The great thing about delegates is it gives you a lot of power. You could create an anonymous delegate, a lambda, or specify any other method as long as it satisfies the Action<Message> signature. This way, you don't need to define an arbitrary helper class or name the method a specific thing. Incidentally, we could combine both the interface and delegate approach to allow maximum flexibility. Doing this, the user could either pass in a delegate, or specify a delegate interface: 1: // using delegation - give users choice of interface or delegate 2: public sealed class MessageListener 3: { 4: private ISubscriber _subscriber; 5: private Action<Message> _handler; 6: private bool _isHalted = false; 7: private Thread _messageThread; 8:  9: // assign the subscriber and start the messaging loop 10: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, Action<Message> handler) 11: { 12: _subscriber = subscriber; 13: _handler = handler; 14: _messageThread = new Thread(MessageLoop); 15: _messageThread.Start(); 16: } 17:  18: // passes the interface method as a delegate using method group 19: public MessageListener(ISubscriber subscriber, IMessageHandler handler) 20: : this(subscriber, handler.OnMessageReceived) 21: { 22: } 23:  24: // handle the looping in the thread 25: private void MessageLoop() 26: { 27: while(!_isHalted) 28: { 29: // as long as processing, wait 1 second for message 30: Message msg = _subscriber.Receive(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); 31: if(msg != null) 32: { 33: _handler(msg); 34: } 35: } 36: } 37: } } This is the method I tend to prefer because it allows the user of the class to choose which method works best for them. You may be curious about the actual performance of these different methods. 1: Enter iterations: 2: 1000000 3:  4: Inheritance took 4 ms. 5: Events took 7 ms. 6: Interface delegation took 4 ms. 7: Lambda delegate took 5 ms. Before you get too caught up in the numbers, however, keep in mind that this is performance over over 1,000,000 iterations. Since they are all < 10 ms which boils down to fractions of a micro-second per iteration so really any of them are a fine choice performance wise. As such, I think the choice of what to do really boils down to what you're trying to do. Here's my guidelines: Inheritance should be used only when defining a collection of related types with implementation specific behaviors, it should not be used as a hook for users to add their own functionality. Events should be used when subscription is optional or multi-cast is desired. Interface delegation should be used when you wish to refer to implementing classes by the interface type or if the type requires several methods to be implemented. Delegate method delegation should be used when you only need to provide one method and do not need to refer to implementers by the interface name.

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• Enhanced REST Support in Oracle Service Bus 11gR1

  - by jeff.x.davies

  In a previous entry on REST and Oracle Service Bus (see http://blogs.oracle.com/jeffdavies/2009/06/restful_services_with_oracle_s_1.html) I encoded the REST query string really as part of the relative URL. For example, consider the following URI: http://localhost:7001/SimpleREST/Products/id=1234 Now, technically there is nothing wrong with this approach. However, it is generally more common to encode the search parameters into the query string. Take a look at the following URI that shows this principle http://localhost:7001/SimpleREST/Products?id=1234 At first blush this appears to be a trivial change. However, this approach is more intuitive, especially if you are passing in multiple parameters. For example: http://localhost:7001/SimpleREST/Products?cat=electronics&subcat=television&mfg=sony The above URI is obviously used to retrieve a list of televisions made by Sony. In prior versions of OSB (before 11gR1PS3), parsing the query string of a URI was more difficult than in the current release. In 11gR1PS3 it is now much easier to parse the query strings, which in turn makes developing REST services in OSB even easier. In this blog entry, we will re-implement the REST-ful Products services using query strings for passing parameter information. Lets begin with the implementation of the Products REST service. This service is implemented in the Products.proxy file of the project. Lets begin with the overall structure of the service, as shown in the following screenshot. This is a common pattern for REST services in the Oracle Service Bus. You implement different flows for each of the HTTP verbs that you want your service to support. Lets take a look at how the GET verb is implemented. This is the path that is taken of you were to point your browser to: http://localhost:7001/SimpleREST/Products/id=1234 There is an Assign action in the request pipeline that shows how to extract a query parameter. Here is the expression that is used to extract the id parameter: $inbound/ctx:transport/ctx:request/http:query-parameters/http:parameter[@name="id"]/@value The Assign action that stores the value into an OSB variable named id. Using this type of XPath statement you can query for any variables by name, without regard to their order in the parameter list. The Log statement is there simply to provided some debugging info in the OSB server console. The response pipeline contains a Replace action that constructs the response document for our rest service. Most of the response data is static, but the ID field that is returned is set based upon the query-parameter that was passed into the REST proxy. Testing the REST service with a browser is very simple. Just point it to the URL I showed you earlier. However, the browser is really only good for testing simple GET services. The OSB Test Console provides a much more robust environment for testing REST services, no matter which HTTP verb is used. Lets see how to use the Test Console to test this GET service. Open the OSB we console (http://localhost:7001/sbconsole) and log in as the administrator. Click on the Test Console icon (the little "bug") next to the Products proxy service in the SimpleREST project. This will bring up the Test Console browser window. Unlike SOAP services, we don't need to do much work in the request document because all of our request information will be encoded into the URI of the service itself. Belore the Request Document section of the Test Console is the Transport section. Expand that section and modify the query-parameters and http-method fields as shown in the next screenshot. By default, the query-parameters field will have the tags already defined. You just need to add a tag for each parameter you want to pass into the service. For out purposes with this particular call, you'd set the quer-parameters field as follows: <tp:parameter name="id" value="1234" /> </tp:query-parameters> Now you are ready to push the Execute button to see the results of the call. That covers the process for parsing query parameters using OSB. However, what if you have an OSB proxy service that needs to consume a REST-ful service? How do you tell OSB to pass the query parameters to the external service? In the sample code you will see a 2nd proxy service called CallREST. It invokes the Products proxy service in exactly the same way it would invoke any REST service. Our CallREST proxy service is defined as a SOAP service. This help to demonstrate OSBs ability to mediate between service consumers and service providers, decreasing the level of coupling between them. If you examine the message flow for the CallREST proxy service, you'll see that it uses an Operational branch to isolate processing logic for each operation that is defined by the SOAP service. We will focus on the getProductDetail branch, that calls the Products REST service using the HTTP GET verb. Expand the getProduct pipeline and the stage node that it contains. There is a single Assign statement that simply extracts the productID from the SOA request and stores it in a local OSB variable. Nothing suprising here. The real work (and the real learning) occurs in the Route node below the pipeline. The first thing to learn is that you need to use a route node when calling REST services, not a Service Callout or a Publish action. That's because only the Routing action has access to the $oubound variable, especially when invoking a business service. The Routing action contains 3 Insert actions. The first Insert action shows how to specify the HTTP verb as a GET. The second insert action simply inserts the XML node into the request. This element does not exist in the request by default, so we need to add it manually. Now that we have the element defined in our outbound request, we can fill it with the parameters that we want to send to the REST service. In the following screenshot you can see how we define the id parameter based on the productID value we extracted earlier from the SOAP request document. That expression will look for the parameter that has the name id and extract its value. That's all there is to it. You now know how to take full advantage of the query parameter parsing capability of the Oracle Service Bus 11gR1PS2. Download the sample source code here: rest2_sbconfig.jar Ubuntu and the OSB Test Console You will get an error when you try to use the Test Console with the Oracle Service Bus, using Ubuntu (or likely a number of other Linux distros also). The error (shown below) will state that the Test Console service is not running. The fix for this problem is quite simple. Open up the WebLogic Server administrator console (usually running at http://localhost:7001/console). In the Domain Structure window on the left side of the console, select the Servers entry under the Environment heading. The select the Admin Server entry in the main window of the console. By default, you should be viewing the Configuration tabe and the General sub tab in the main window. Look for the Listen Address field. By default it is blank, which means it is listening on all interfaces. For some reason Ubuntu doesn't like this. So enter a value like localhost or the specific IP address or DNS name for your server (usually its just localhost in development envirionments). Save your changes and restart the server. Your Test Console will now work correctly.

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• dd-wrt router firmware QoS troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Atwood

  I've been using the dd-wrt firmware on my router and I like it a lot! But -- I'm not sure the quality of service (QoS) is working on it. I have it set up as follows: http, port 80 -- Premium bittorrent, port 6969 -- Bulk https, port 443 -- Premium dns, port 53 -- Premium Per the QoS documentation, these levels are: bandwidth is allocated based on the following percentages of uplink and downlink values for each class: Exempt: 100mbps - ignores global limits. Premium: 75% - 100% Express: 15% - 100% Standard: 10% - 100% Bulk: 1.5% - 100% This doesn't entirely seem to work, though -- with busy torrents going I get major pauses in my web browsing which sucks! The QoS documentation gives some steps to check the QoS ... What you'll be interested to look at will be the first set of source and destination IP, including the port numbers. Next the presence of l7proto and the "mark" field. The entries indicate the current live connection QoS priority applied on them based on the "mark" field. The "mark" values correspond to the following Exempt: 100 Premium: 10 Express: 20 Standard: 30 Bulk: 40 (no QoS matched): 0 You may see "mark=0" for some l7proto service even though they are in configured in the list of QoS rules. This may mean that the layer 7 pattern matching system didn't match a new or changed header for that protocol. Custom service on port matches will usually take care of these. On port 6969 (bittorrent) I see a weird mixture of stuff with mark=0 and mark=40 like so cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack udp 17 105 src=98.162.182.42 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64512 dport=6969 packets=3 bytes=290 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.162.182.42 sport=6969 dport=64512 packets=4 bytes=202 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 117 TIME_WAIT src=98.248.173.174 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=51114 dport=6969 packets=12 bytes=704 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.248.173.174 sport=6969 dport=51114 packets=10 bytes=440 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 598 ESTABLISHED src=165.132.128.201 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=57218 dport=6969 packets=8024 bytes=9919881 src=10.0.0.2 dst=165.132.128.201 sport=6969 dport=57218 packets=4211 bytes=239607 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 586 ESTABLISHED src=68.46.9.24 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64688 dport=6969 packets=6 bytes=490 src=10.0.0.2 dst=68.46.9.24 sport=6969 dport=64688 packets=8 bytes=944 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 udp 17 45 src=222.254.228.38 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=25438 dport=6969 packets=5 bytes=454 src=10.0.0.2 dst=222.254.228.38 sport=6969 dport=25438 packets=3 bytes=154 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 ( full file visible at http://pastebin.com/AZE6EtWm ) I've been playing around with this log for a little while and I can't see any patterns! Why is some port 6969 bittorrent traffic tagged mark=0 (not matched) by dd-wrt's QoS while others are tagged mark=40 (Bulk) .. any ideas?

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• ASP.NET MVC Pass mutiple params from getJson to controller

  - by andyJ

  Hi, I am making a call to a controller action in javascript using the getJson method. I need to pass two parameters to my action method on the controller, but I am struggling to do so. I do not fully understand the routing tables and not sure if this is what I need to use to get this working. Please see example below of what I am trying to do. var action = "<%=Url.Content('~/Postcode/GetAddressResults/')%>" + $get("Premise").value + "/" + $get("SearchPostcode").value $.getJSON(action, null, function(data) { $("#AddressDropDown").fillSelect(data); }); This is my route which I don't understand how to make use of... routes.MapRoute( "postcode", "Postcode/GetAddressResults/{premise}/{postcode}", new { controller = "Motor", action = "GetAddressResults", premise = "", postcode = "" });

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• Routing to the actions with same names but different parameters

  - by zerkms

  I have this set of routes: routes.MapRoute( "IssueType", "issue/{type}", new { controller = "Issue", action = "Index" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults ); Here is the controller class: public class IssueController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { // todo: redirect to concrete type return View(); } public ActionResult Index(string type) { return View(); } } why, when i request http://host/issue i get The current request for action 'Index' on controller type 'IssueController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: I expect that first one method should act when there is no parameters, and second one when some parameter specified. where did i made mistake? UPD: possible duplicate: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/436866/can-you-overload-controller-methods-in-asp-net-mvc

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• router connect configuration in cakephp 1.3

  - by Gaurav Sharma

  Hello everyone, I have defined the following rule in the router.php file of my cakephp 1.3 based application Router::connect('/tags/*',array('plugin' => 'tags', 'controller' => 'Tags', 'action' => 'index', 'admin' => false)); I have used the tags plugin. When I display the tags related to a topic then the URL on the tags appears something like this http://localhost/testapp/tags/Tags/view/{tag_key_name} I want to make this url for any action to tags plugin like this http://localhost/testapp/Tags/{action}/{tag_key_name} for (view, admin_view and admin_edit) and http://localhost/testapp/Tags/{action} for (index, admin_index and any other action that does not require an id or keyname for execution)

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• Django view function design

  - by dragoon

  Hi, I have the view function in django that written like a dispatcher calling other functions depending on the variable in request.GET, like this: action = '' for act in ('view1', 'view2', 'view3', 'view4', ... ): if act in request.GET: action = act break ... if action == '': response = view0(request, ...) elif action == 'view1': response = view1(request, ...) elif action == 'view2': response = view2(request, ...) ... The global dispatcher function contains many variable initialization routines and these variables are then used in viewXX functions. So I feed that this is bad view design but I don't know how I can rewrite it?

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• getline won't let me type, c++

  - by Stijn

  I try to get the name of a game the users chooses and store it in a vector. I use getline so the user can use a space. When I try to type a new game to add it won't let me. It automaticly displays me games library. Please tell me what I do wrong. Problem is at if(action == "add") Here's my code: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <ctime> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main() { vector<string>::const_iterator myIterator; vector<string>::const_iterator iter; vector<string> games; games.push_back("Crysis 2"); games.push_back("GodOfWar 3"); games.push_back("FIFA 12"); cout <<"Welcome to your Games Library.\n"; cout <<"\nThese are your games:\n"; for (iter = games.begin(); iter != games.end(); ++iter) { cout <<*iter <<endl; } //the loop! string action; string newGame; cout <<"\n-Type 'exit' if you want to quit.\n-Type 'add' if you want to add a game.\n-Type 'delete' if you want to delete a game.\n-Type 'find' if you want to search a game.\n-Type 'game' if you don't know what game to play.\n-Type 'show' if you want to view your library."; while (action != "exit") { cout <<"\n\nWhat do you want to do: "; cin >> action; //problem is here if (action == "add") { cout <<"\nType the name of the game you want to add: "; getline (cin, newGame); games.push_back(newGame); for (iter = games.begin(); iter != games.end(); ++iter) { cout <<*iter <<endl; } continue; } else if (action == "show") { cout <<"\nThese are your games:\n"; for (iter = games.begin(); iter != games.end(); ++iter) { cout <<*iter <<endl; } } else if (action == "delete") { cout <<"Type the name of the game you want to delete: "; cin >> newGame; getline (cin, newGame); iter = find(games.begin(), games.end(), newGame); if(iter != games.end()) { games.erase(iter); cout <<"\nGame deleted!"; } else { cout<<"\nGame not found."; } continue; } else if (action == "find") { cout <<"Which game you want to look for in your library: "; cin >> newGame; getline (cin, newGame); iter = find(games.begin(), games.end(), newGame); if (iter != games.end()) { cout << "Game found.\n"; } else { cout << "Game not found.\n"; } continue; } else if (action == "game") { srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0))); random_shuffle(games.begin(), games.end()); cout << "\nWhy don't you play " << games[0]; continue; } else if (action == "quit") { cout <<"\nRemember to have fun while gaming!!\n"; break; } else { cout <<"\nCommand not found"; } } return 0; }

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• How do I set a default page in Pylons?

  - by Evgeny

  I've created a new Pylons application and added a controller ("main.py") with a template ("index.mako"). Now the URL http://myserver/main/index works. How do I make this the default page, ie. the one returned when I browse to http://myserver/ ? I've already added a default route in routing.py: def make_map(): """Create, configure and return the routes Mapper""" map = Mapper(directory=config['pylons.paths']['controllers'], always_scan=config['debug']) map.minimization = False # The ErrorController route (handles 404/500 error pages); it should # likely stay at the top, ensuring it can always be resolved map.connect('/error/{action}', controller='error') map.connect('/error/{action}/{id}', controller='error') # CUSTOM ROUTES HERE map.connect('', controller='main', action='index') map.connect('/{controller}/{action}') map.connect('/{controller}/{action}/{id}') return map I've also deleted the contents of the public directory (except for favicon.ico), following the answer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1279403/default-route-doesnt-work Now I just get error 404. What else do I need to do to get such a basic thing to work?

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• Odd Series of Packets, How would I reproduce this behavior?

  - by JustSmith

  I recorded a series of http packets that I cant programmatically recreate. The series of packets goes like this: HTTP GET /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list&group=Network.eth0.MACAddress,Properties.System.SerialNumber,DVTelTest,SightLogix.ProdShortName HTTP/1.1 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/plain) HTTP GET /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list&group=Properties.Image.Resolution HTTP/1.1 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/plain) HTTP GET /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=update&Network.RTSP.ProtViewer=password HTTP/1.1 HTTP GET /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list&group=Event HTTP/1.1 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/plain) HTTP GET /axis-cgi/admin/param.cgi?action=list&group=ImageSource.I0.Sensor HTTP/1.1 HTTP HTTP/1.1 200 OK (text/plain) Notice the two GET followed by one response. I though the two gets were going out at the same time but there is no corresponding number of responses. Also when trying to reproduce this pattern as the server if I abort the first GET request the client waits until it times out and starts the request over with out sending any other requests. What is happening here? How can I reproduce it?

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• Xml files stop being served by IIS6 after allowing .net to process the .xml extension

  - by Brian Surowiec

  I added a route into my site to allow for a sitemap and everything worked fine in IIS7 but once I deployed the route stopped working. Since the live server is running IIS6 I needed to put a new mapping in for .xml to be processed by .net and then it started to work. My issue though is on every other xml file on the site now. I keep getting a 404 error when trying to view xml files, but the sitemap.xml route works. Is this a routing issue or an IIS setup issue? Here are my routes if it will help routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Gallery-Group-View", "Projects/{groupId}", new { controller = "Gallery", action = "GalleryList", groupId = "" }); routes.MapRoute( "Gallery-List-View", "Projects/{groupId}/{galleryId}", new { controller = "Gallery", action = "GalleryView", groupId = "", galleryId = "" }); routes.MapRoute( "Sitemap", "Sitemap.xml", new { controller = "XML", action = "Sitemap" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Default", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } );

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• Java swt treeview popup menu

  - by InsertNickHere

  Hiho, currently I have a working popup menu which appears when I click on a treeview item. But I want to show different popups for different tree view entries. I don't get a idea how to do so... Here is my code for creating the menu: MenuManager menuMgr = new MenuManager("#PopupMenu"); menuMgr.setRemoveAllWhenShown(true); menuMgr.addMenuListener(new IMenuListener() { @Override public void menuAboutToShow(IMenuManager manager) { Action action = new Action() { public void run() { // So something } }; action.setText("Set as working file"); manager.add(action); } }); Menu menu = menuMgr.createContextMenu(getTree()); getTree().setMenu(menu);

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• How to get an ASP.NET MVC Ajax response to redirect to new page instead of inserting view into Updat

  - by Jeff Widmer

  I am using the Ajax.BeginForm to create a form the will do an ajax postback to a certain controller action and then if the action is successful, the user should get redirected to another page (if the action fails then a status message gets displayed using the AjaxOptions UpdateTargetId). using (Ajax.BeginForm("Delete", null, new { userId = Model.UserId }, new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "UserForm", LoadingElementId = "DeletingDiv" }, new { name = "DeleteForm", id = "DeleteForm" })) { [HTML DELETE BUTTON] } If the delete is successful I am returning a Redirect result: [Authorize] public ActionResult Delete(Int32 UserId) { UserRepository.DeleteUser(UserId); return Redirect(Url.Action("Index", "Home")); } But the Home Controller Index view is getting loaded into the UpdateTargetId and therefore I end up with a page within a page. Two things I am thinking about: Either I am architecting this wrong and should handle this type of action differently (not using ajax). Instead of returning a Redirect result, return a view which has javascript in it that does the redirect on the client side. Does anyone have comments on #1? Or if #2 is a good solution, what would the "redirect javascript view" look like?

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• ruby on rails adding new route

  - by ohana

  i have an RoR application Log, which similar to the book store app, my logs_controller has all default action: index, show, update, create, delete.. now i need to add new action :toCSV, i defined it in logs_controller, and add new route in the config/routes as: map.resources :logs, :collection = { :toCSV = :get }. from irb, i checked the routes and see the new routes added already: rs = ActionController::Routing::Routes puts rs.routes GET /logs/toCSV(.:format)? {:controller="logs", :action="toCSV"} then ran ‘rake routes’ command in shell, it returned: toCSV_logs GET /logs/toCSV(.:format) {:controller="logs", :action="toCSV"} everything seems working. finally in my views code, i added the following: link_to 'Export to CSV', toCSV_logs_path when access it in the brower 'http://localhost:3000/logs/toCSV', it complained: Couldn't find Log with ID=toCSV i checked in script/server, and saw this one: ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound (Couldn't find Log with ID=toCSV): app/controllers/logs_controller.rb:290:in `show' seems when i click that link, it direct it to the action 'show' instead of 'toCSV', thus it took 'toCSV' as an id...anyone know why would this happen? and to fix it? Thanks...

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• ASP.NET MVC: Route to URL

  - by JamesBrownIsDead

  What's the easiest way to get the URL (relative or absolute) to a Route in MVC? I saw this code here on SO but it seems a little verbose and doesn't enumerate the RouteTable. Example: List<string> urlList = new List<string>(); urlList.Add(GetUrl(new { controller = "Help", action = "Edit" })); urlList.Add(GetUrl(new { controller = "Help", action = "Create" })); urlList.Add(GetUrl(new { controller = "About", action = "Company" })); urlList.Add(GetUrl(new { controller = "About", action = "Management" })); With: protected string GetUrl(object routeValues) { RouteValueDictionary values = new RouteValueDictionary(routeValues); RequestContext context = new RequestContext(HttpContext, RouteData); string url = RouteTable.Routes.GetVirtualPath(context, values).VirtualPath; return new Uri(Request.Url, url).AbsoluteUri; } What's a better way to examine the RouteTable and get a URL for a given controller and action?

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• ruby / rails boolean method naming conventions

  - by Dennis

  I have a short question on ruby / rails method naming conventions or good practice. Consider the following methods: # some methods performing some sort of 'action' def action; end def action!; end # some methods checking if performing 'action' is permitted def action?; end def can_action?; end def action_allowed?; end So I wonder, which of the three ampersand-methods would be the "best" way to ask for permissions. I would go with the first one somehow, but in some cases I think this might be confused with meaning has_performed_action?. So the second approach might make that clearer but is also a bit more verbose. The third one is actually just for completeness. I don't really like that one. So are there any commonly agreed-on good practices for that?

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• C: getopt with list of acceptable optarg. What is the best practise ?

  - by Xavier Maillard

  Hi, I am writing a C program which is a frontend to a myriad tools. This fronted will be launched like this: my-frontend --action <AN ACTION> As all the tools have the same prefix, let say for this example this prefix is "foo". I want to concatenate "AN ACTION" to this prefix and exec this (if the tool exists). I have written something but my implementation uses strcmp to test that "AN ACTION" is a valid action. Even if this works, I do not like it. So I am looking for a nicer solution that would do the same. The list of possibilities is pretty small (less than 10) and static (the list is "hardcoded") but I am sure there is a more "C-ish" way to do this (using a struct or something like that). As I am not a C expert, I am asking for your help. Regards

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• Long IF tree with strings

  - by DalGr

  I have a C program which uses Lua for scripting. In order to keep readability and avoid importing several constants within the individual Lua states, I condense a large amount of functions within a simple call (such as "ObjectSet(id, "ANGLE", 45)"), by using an "action" string. To do this I have a large if tree comparing the action string to a list (such as "if(stringcompare(action, "ANGLE") ... else if (stringcompare(action, "X")... etc") This approach works well, and within the program it's not really slow, and is fairly quick to add a new action. But I kind of feel perfectionist. Is there a better way to do this in C? And having Lua in heavy use, maybe there is a way to use it for this purpose? (embedded "chunks" making a dictionary?) Although this part is mostly curiosity.

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• How to redirect user to another page from view after it was loaded is ASP .NET MVC?

  - by Dmytro Tsiniavsky

  For example I have some view with action link: @Html.ActionLink("Action", "Controller") Action action returns some view: public ActionResult Action() { string someModelForView = "some url i need to redirect after view was fully loaded"; return View("SomeView", someModelForView); } What I need is to redirect user to url, defined in someModelForView model after view was fully loaded, and all javascripts on this page were executed. This view might be empty, without any content, I just need to execute some javascript, and after that redirect user to external page. How can accomplish that?

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• link_to_remote does not generate correct url in Haml

  - by mathee

  In Haml, I've been trying to get the following link_to_remote call to work. It's called from the /questions/new view. #{link_to_remote image_tag('x.png'), :url => {:controller => 'questions', :action => 'remove_tag_from_cart'}} I've tried the following variations. #{link_to_remote image_tag('x.png'), :url => {:controller => :questions, :action => :remove_tag_from_cart}} #{link_to_remote image_tag('x.png'), :controller => 'questions', :action => 'remove_tag_from_cart'} #{link_to_remote image_tag('x.png'), :controller => :questions, :action => :remove_tag_from_cart} In every case, I get the following link: /questions/new#. I'm not sure why! I also have the following in routes.rb, thinking that was the problem... map.connect ':controller/remove_tag_from_cart', :action => 'remove_tag_from_cart'

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• how to add menu dynamically in Qt

  - by Solitaire

  Hi, I want to add, submenu to a menu item dynamically. How can I achive this? I tried like this, I have created an Action and submenu. Then I have added the submenu to action. But, I have connected the “triggered” signal of action. its getting crash if I click on the action.. I have also handled the “aboutToShow” signal of menu, same its also getting crash when I click on action.. Here is the sampe code. Submenu = new QMenu(this); connect(Submenu, SIGNAL( aboutToShow()), this, SLOT(move ())); QAction *test = new QAction(tr("Selection"), this); test ->setMenu(Submenu); menubar()->addAction(test); I want to get the notification, before the display of submenu..

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• document.forms.gallery_form.submit is not a function

  - by Keene Maverick

  I swear, I have this exact thing working on another page. I'm such a javascript noob it's embarrassing... function delete_gallery() { var gallery = document.getElementById('gallery_id').value; var form = document.getElementById('gallery_form'); form.setAttribute('action', 'index.php?action=delete&section=galleries&id='+gallery); document.forms['gallery_form'].submit(); } Inspecting the element shows that it's updating the action correctly : <form method="post" action="index.php?action=delete&amp;section=galleries&amp;id=12" name="gallery_form" id="gallery_form"><input type="hidden" value="12" id="gallery_id" name="gallery_id"><p>Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="Woo"></p><p>Description:<br><textarea name="description">Dee</textarea><input type="hidden" value="2" name="artist"></p><p><input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit"> </p></form> Here's the button I use to call the function, it's in a table below the form: <button onclick="delete_gallery()" type="button">Delete Gallery</button>

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