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  • What is the formula for HughesNet FAP calculation?

    - by JohnFx
    I am somewhat frustrated with the only FAP monitor I have found on the net and discovered because it relies on a running count of bandwidth usage which (1) requires a service in the background; and (2) Tends to get inaccurate over time. Given that there is a diagnostics page on the firmware of the modem that tells the exact usage per hour, I was planning on writing a more accurate version with a better UI. However, it appears that HughesNet keeps the exact formula for calculating whether you are in FAP a secret. I have no idea why they wouldn't be more forthcoming with this information. Wondering if anyone out in SU-land had done some trial and error testing to reverse engineer the formula or had some inside knowledge to share.

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  • How do I capture and playback http web requests against multiple web servers?

    - by KevM
    My overall goal is to not interrupt a production system while capturing HTTP Posts to a web application so that I can reverse engineer the telemetry coming from a closed application. I have control over the transmitter of the HTTP Posts but not the receiving web application. It seems like I need a request "forking" proxy. Sort of a reverse proxy that pushes the request to 2 endpoints, a master and slave, only relaying the response from the master endpoint back to the requester. I am not a server geek so something like this may exist but I don't know the term of art for what I am looking for. Another possibility could be a simple logging proxy. Capture a log of the web requests. Rewrite the log to target my "slave" web application. Playback the log with curl or something. Thank you for your assistance.

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  • Logins with only HTTP - are they as insecure as I'm thinking?

    - by JoeCool1986
    Recently I was thinking about how websites like gmail and amazon use HTTPS during the login process when accessing your account. This makes sense, obviously, since you're typing in your account username and password and you would want that to be secure. However, on Facebook, among countless other websites, their logins are done with simple HTTP. Doesn't that mean that my login name and password are completely unencrypted? Which, even worse, means that all those people who login to their facebooks (or similar sites) at a wifi hotspot in public are susceptible to anyone getting their credentials using a simple packet sniffer (or something similar)? Is it really that easy? Or am I misunderstanding internet security? I'm a software engineer working on some web related stuff, and although at the current time I'm not too involved with the security aspect of our software, I knew I should probably know the answer to this question, since it's extremely fundamental to website security. Thanks!

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  • Wired and Wireless Network Duplication

    - by Dave
    Howdy! Running into an issue when some of our client's have their laptop's connected via the wired ethernet network aswell as on the WLAN of the same network. There is know issues caused to the end clients.. BUT! Being a Managed Services Engineer i get pretty over the alerts that come through on our reports for machine's with the same hostname on the same network! We are not going to remove this monitoring because it does help a lot with detecting and stopping inferior users and things like that. So basically.. Question is, is there a way in Windows (third party programs welcome) to disable the wireless network when a wired network is connected and operational.. I know that Windows automticaly 'prefers' the wired network, however they are still both connected and therfore there is duplicate hostnames on the same network. Could also have stupid issues with DNS and things like that! Thanks!

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  • How to open http for linux server

    - by wtfcoder
    I am a Windows (IIS) software engineer, but recently I've been thrown into a Linux server admin role until we can find someone to fill the position. I am not ashamed to admit I have no idea what I am doing. Currently the problem I am trying to solve is that the server is only responding to https requests. However, we need it to respond to standard http requests as well. We don't really have anything that needs to stay secure on its way to the requester. I am running redhat linux via bash. If anyone could tell me how to enable http requests I would really appreciate it! Thanks Please make sure your response is fairly step by step as I have minimal command line experience :/

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  • Memory Speeds: 1x4GB or 2x2GB? [closed]

    - by Dasutin
    When it comes to speeds what is faster having one 4GB module in your system or having two 2GB modules. I'm not taking in the fact that the system could have dual channel capabilities. Also what about a server environment? Would it be better to have one large, high density module or break it up into several modules for speed and price? I heard an engineer at my office having a discussion with an employee. He said that its better in all situations to have one large capacity modules instead of breaking it up. It would be cheaper and perform faster. He also said it would take longer for the computer to access what it needed if there were more modules instead of having just one. His explanation didn't seem right to me and I thought I would post this question here to see what other people thought.

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  • Android JSON HttpClient to send data to PHP server with HttpResponse

    - by Scoobler
    I am currently trying to send some data from and Android application to a php server (both are controlled by me). There is alot of data collected on a form in the app, this is written to the database. This all works. In my main code, firstly I create a JSONObject (I have cut it down here for this example): JSONObject j = new JSONObject(); j.put("engineer", "me"); j.put("date", "today"); j.put("fuel", "full"); j.put("car", "mine"); j.put("distance", "miles"); Next I pass the object over for sending, and receive the response: String url = "http://www.server.com/thisfile.php"; HttpResponse re = HTTPPoster.doPost(url, j); String temp = EntityUtils.toString(re.getEntity()); if (temp.compareTo("SUCCESS")==0) { Toast.makeText(this, "Sending complete!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } The HTTPPoster class: public static HttpResponse doPost(String url, JSONObject c) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(url); HttpEntity entity; StringEntity s = new StringEntity(c.toString()); s.setContentEncoding(new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")); entity = s; request.setEntity(entity); HttpResponse response; response = httpclient.execute(request); return response; } This gets a response, but the server is returning a 403 - Forbidden response. I have tried changing the doPost function a little (this is actually a little better, as I said I have alot to send, basically 3 of the same form with different data - so I create 3 JSONObjects, one for each form entry - the entries come from the DB instead of the static example I am using). Firstly I changed the call over a bit: String url = "http://www.orsas.com/ServiceMatalan.php"; Map<String, String> kvPairs = new HashMap<String, String>(); kvPairs.put("vehicle", j.toString()); // Normally I would pass two more JSONObjects..... HttpResponse re = HTTPPoster.doPost(url, kvPairs); String temp = EntityUtils.toString(re.getEntity()); if (temp.compareTo("SUCCESS")==0) { Toast.makeText(this, "Sending complete!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } Ok so the changes to the doPost function: public static HttpResponse doPost(String url, Map<String, String> kvPairs) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url); if (kvPairs != null && kvPairs.isEmpty() == false) { List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(kvPairs.size()); String k, v; Iterator<String> itKeys = kvPairs.keySet().iterator(); while (itKeys.hasNext()) { k = itKeys.next(); v = kvPairs.get(k); nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(k, v)); } httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs)); } HttpResponse response; response = httpclient.execute(httppost); return response; } Ok So this returns a response 200 int statusCode = re.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); However the data received on the server cannot be parsed to a JSON string. It is badly formatted I think (this is the first time I have used JSON): If in the php file I do an echo on $_POST['vehicle'] I get the following: {\"date\":\"today\",\"engineer\":\"me\"} Can anyone tell me where I am going wrong, or if there is a better way to achieve what I am trying to do? Hopefully the above makes sense!

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  • Installing Lubuntu 14.04.1 forcepae fails

    - by Rantanplan
    I tried to install Lubuntu 14.04.1 from a CD. First, I chose Try Lubuntu without installing which gave: ERROR: PAE is disabled on this Pentium M (PAE can potentially be enabled with kernel parameter "forcepae" ... Following the description on https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE, I used forcepae and tried Try Lubuntu without installing again. That worked fine. dmesg | grep -i pae showed: [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: file=/cdrom/preseed/lubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- forcepae [ 0.008118] PAE forced! On the live-CD session, I tried installing Lubuntu double clicking on the install button on the desktop. Here, the CD starts running but then stops running and nothing happens. Next, I rebooted and tried installing Lubuntu directly from the boot menu screen using forcepae again. After a while, I receive the following error message: The installer encountered an unrecoverable error. A desktop session will now be run so that you may investigate the problem or try installing again. Hitting Enter brings me to the desktop. For what errors should I search? And how? Finally, I rebooted once more and tried Check disc for defects with forcepae option; no errors have been found. Now, I am wondering how to find the error or whether it would be better to follow advice c in https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE: "Move the hard disk to a computer on which the processor has PAE capability and PAE flag (that is, almost everything else than a Banias). Install the system as usual but don't add restricted drivers. After the install move the disk back." Thanks for some hints! Perhaps some of the following can help: On Lubuntu 12.04: cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 13 model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz stepping : 6 microcode : 0x17 cpu MHz : 600.000 cache size : 2048 KB fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm pbe up bts est tm2 bogomips : 1284.76 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 32 bits physical, 32 bits virtual power management: uname -a Linux humboldt 3.2.0-67-generic #101-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 17:45:51 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise cpuid eax in eax ebx ecx edx 00000000 00000002 756e6547 6c65746e 49656e69 00000001 000006d6 00000816 00000180 afe9f9bf 00000002 02b3b001 000000f0 00000000 2c04307d 80000000 80000004 00000000 00000000 00000000 80000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 80000002 20202020 20202020 65746e49 2952286c 80000003 6e655020 6d756974 20295228 7270204d 80000004 7365636f 20726f73 30352e31 007a4847 Vendor ID: "GenuineIntel"; CPUID level 2 Intel-specific functions: Version 000006d6: Type 0 - Original OEM Family 6 - Pentium Pro Model 13 - Stepping 6 Reserved 0 Brand index: 22 [not in table] Extended brand string: " Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz" CLFLUSH instruction cache line size: 8 Feature flags afe9f9bf: FPU Floating Point Unit VME Virtual 8086 Mode Enhancements DE Debugging Extensions PSE Page Size Extensions TSC Time Stamp Counter MSR Model Specific Registers MCE Machine Check Exception CX8 COMPXCHG8B Instruction SEP Fast System Call MTRR Memory Type Range Registers PGE PTE Global Flag MCA Machine Check Architecture CMOV Conditional Move and Compare Instructions FGPAT Page Attribute Table CLFSH CFLUSH instruction DS Debug store ACPI Thermal Monitor and Clock Ctrl MMX MMX instruction set FXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions save/restore SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set SSE2 SSE2 extensions SS Self Snoop TM Thermal monitor 31 reserved TLB and cache info: b0: unknown TLB/cache descriptor b3: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 02: Instruction TLB: 4MB pages, 4-way set assoc, 2 entries f0: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 7d: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 30: unknown TLB/cache descriptor 04: Data TLB: 4MB pages, 4-way set assoc, 8 entries 2c: unknown TLB/cache descriptor On Lubuntu 14.04.1 live-CD with forcepae: cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 13 model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz stepping : 6 microcode : 0x17 cpu MHz : 600.000 cache size : 2048 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fdiv_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 sep mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm pbe bts est tm2 bogomips : 1284.68 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 32 bits virtual power management: uname -a Linux lubuntu 3.13.0-32-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:12 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty cpuid CPU 0: vendor_id = "GenuineIntel" version information (1/eax): processor type = primary processor (0) family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6) model = 0xd (13) stepping id = 0x6 (6) extended family = 0x0 (0) extended model = 0x0 (0) (simple synth) = Intel Pentium M (Dothan B1) / Celeron M (Dothan B1), 90nm miscellaneous (1/ebx): process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0) cpu count = 0x0 (0) CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8) brand index = 0x16 (22) brand id = 0x16 (22): Intel Pentium M, .13um feature information (1/edx): x87 FPU on chip = true virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true debugging extensions = true page size extensions = true time stamp counter = true RDMSR and WRMSR support = true physical address extensions = false machine check exception = true CMPXCHG8B inst. = true APIC on chip = false SYSENTER and SYSEXIT = true memory type range registers = true PTE global bit = true machine check architecture = true conditional move/compare instruction = true page attribute table = true page size extension = false processor serial number = false CLFLUSH instruction = true debug store = true thermal monitor and clock ctrl = true MMX Technology = true FXSAVE/FXRSTOR = true SSE extensions = true SSE2 extensions = true self snoop = true hyper-threading / multi-core supported = false therm. monitor = true IA64 = false pending break event = true feature information (1/ecx): PNI/SSE3: Prescott New Instructions = false PCLMULDQ instruction = false 64-bit debug store = false MONITOR/MWAIT = false CPL-qualified debug store = false VMX: virtual machine extensions = false SMX: safer mode extensions = false Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology = true thermal monitor 2 = true SSSE3 extensions = false context ID: adaptive or shared L1 data = false FMA instruction = false CMPXCHG16B instruction = false xTPR disable = false perfmon and debug = false process context identifiers = false direct cache access = false SSE4.1 extensions = false SSE4.2 extensions = false extended xAPIC support = false MOVBE instruction = false POPCNT instruction = false time stamp counter deadline = false AES instruction = false XSAVE/XSTOR states = false OS-enabled XSAVE/XSTOR = false AVX: advanced vector extensions = false F16C half-precision convert instruction = false RDRAND instruction = false hypervisor guest status = false cache and TLB information (2): 0xb0: instruction TLB: 4K, 4-way, 128 entries 0xb3: data TLB: 4K, 4-way, 128 entries 0x02: instruction TLB: 4M pages, 4-way, 2 entries 0xf0: 64 byte prefetching 0x7d: L2 cache: 2M, 8-way, sectored, 64 byte lines 0x30: L1 cache: 32K, 8-way, 64 byte lines 0x04: data TLB: 4M pages, 4-way, 8 entries 0x2c: L1 data cache: 32K, 8-way, 64 byte lines extended feature flags (0x80000001/edx): SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions = false execution disable = false 1-GB large page support = false RDTSCP = false 64-bit extensions technology available = false Intel feature flags (0x80000001/ecx): LAHF/SAHF supported in 64-bit mode = false LZCNT advanced bit manipulation = false 3DNow! PREFETCH/PREFETCHW instructions = false brand = " Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.50GHz" (multi-processing synth): none (multi-processing method): Intel leaf 1 (synth) = Intel Pentium M (Dothan B1), 90nm

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  • PPTP server stuck at "GRE: Bad checksum from pppd"

    - by user92516
    I am a network engineer having quite limited experience with Ubuntu. I have been following up these online instructions to set up a pptp server but without much luck to get it to work. My server is a vm running an Apple Xserve behind a Cisco firewall. I made sure tcp 1723 and GRE are opened for the box. Below is the syslog output, looks like I always got stuck at GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. I'm running Ubuntu 10.04. Sep 24 13:21:53 ubuntu pptpd[1231]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Sep 24 13:21:53 ubuntu pptpd[1231]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[1232] Sep 24 13:21:53 ubuntu pptpd[1231]: CTRL: Client 166.137.85.165 control connection finished Sep 24 13:22:41 ubuntu pptpd[1276]: MGR: connections limit (100) reached, extra IP addresses ignored Sep 24 13:22:41 ubuntu pptpd[1277]: MGR: Manager process started Sep 24 13:22:41 ubuntu pptpd[1277]: MGR: Maximum of 100 connections available Sep 24 13:22:50 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: CTRL: Client 166.137.85.165 control connection started Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: CTRL: Starting call (launching pppd, opening GRE) Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Plugin /usr/lib/pptpd/pptpd-logwtmp.so loaded. Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pppd[1279]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Using interface ppp0 Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/1 Sep 24 13:22:51 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pppd[1279]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Connection terminated. Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Modem hangup Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pppd[1279]: Exit. Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=805a540,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[1279] Sep 24 13:23:21 ubuntu pptpd[1278]: CTRL: Client 166.137.85.165 control connection finished

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  • Oracle Linux Forum

    - by rickramsey
    This forum includes live chat so you can tell Wim, Lenz, and the gang what you really think. Linux Forum - Tuesday March 27 Since Oracle recently made Release 2 of its Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel available (see Lenz's blog), we're following up with an online forum with Oracle's Linux executives and engineers. Topics will be: 9:30 - 9:45 am PT Oracle's Linux Strategy Edward Screven, Oracle's Chief Corporate Architect and Wim Coekaerts, Senior VP of Linux and Virtualization Engineering, will explain Oracle's Linux strategy, the benefits of Oracle Linux, Oracle's role in the Linux community, and the Oracle Linux roadmap. 9:45 - 10:00 am PT Why Progressive Insurance Chose Oracle Linux John Dome, Lead Systems Engineer at Progressive Insurance, outlines why they selected Oracle Linux with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel to reduce cost and increase the performance of database applications. 10:00 - 11:00 am PT What's New in Oracle Linux Oracle engineers walk you through new features in Oracle Linux, including zero-downtime updates with Ksplice, Btrfs and OCFS2, DTrace for Linux, Linux Containers, vSwitch and T-Mem. 11:00 am - 12:00 pm PT Get More Value from your Linux Vendor Why Oracle Linux delivers more value than Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including better support at lower cost, best practices for deployments, extreme performance for cloud deployments and engineered systems, and more. Date: Tuesday, March 27, 2012 Time: 9:30 AM PT / 12:30 PM ET Duration: 2.5 hours Register here. - Rick

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  • Who benefits from the use of Design Patterns?

    Who benefits from the use of design patterns is like asking who benefits from clean air or a good education. All of the stakeholders of a project benefit from the use of design patterns. Project Sponsor Project sponsors benefit from the use of design patterns because they promote reduced development time which translates in to shorter project timelines and greater return on investment compared to other projects that do not make use of design patterns. Project Manager Project managers benefit from the use of design patterns because they reduce the amount of time needed to design a system, and typically the sub components of the system already have a proven track record. System Architect/Engineer System architects/engineers benefit from the use of design patterns because reduce the amount of time needed to design the core a system. The additional time is used to alter the design pattern through the use of innovative design and common design principles to adhere to the project’s requirements. Programmer Programmers benefit from the use of design patterns because they can reuse existing code already established by the design pattern and only have to integrate the changes outlined by the system architects/engineers. Tester Testers benefit from the use of design patterns because they can alter the existing test established for the design pattern to take in to account the changes made by the system architects/engineers. User Users benefit from the use of design patterns because the software is typically delivered sooner than projects that do not incorporate the use of design patterns, and they are assumed that the system will work as designed because it was based on a system that was already proven to work properly.

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  • Help A Hacker: Give ‘Em The Windows Source Code

    - by Ken Cox [MVP]
    The announcement of another Windows megapatch reminded me of a WikiLeaks story about Microsoft Windows that hasn’t attracted much attention. Alarmingly, we learn that the hackers have the Windows source code to study and test for vulnerabilities. Chinese hackers used the knowledge to breach Google’s accounts and servers: “In 2003, the CNITSEC signed a Government Security Program (GSP) international agreement with Microsoft that allowed select companies such as TOPSEC access to Microsoft source code in order to secure the Windows platform” “CNITSEC enterprises has recruited Chinese hackers in support of nationally-funded "network attack scientific research projects." From June 2002 to March 2003, TOPSEC employed a known Chinese hacker, Lin Yong (a.k.a. Lion and owner of the Honker Union of China), as senior security service engineer…” Windows is widely seen as unsecurable. It doesn’t help that Chinese government-funded hackers are probing the source code for vulnerabilities. It seems odd that people who didn’t write the code can find vulnerabilities faster than the owners of the code. Perhaps the U.S. government should hire its own hackers to go over the same Windows source code and then tell Microsoft how to secure its product?

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  • Podcast Show Notes: Evolving Enterprise Architecture

    - by Bob Rhubart
    Back in March Oracle ACE Directors Mike van Alst (IT-Eye) and Jordan Braunstein (Visual Integrator Consulting) and Oracle product manager Jeff Davies participated in an ArchBeat virtual meet-up. The resulting conversation quickly turned to the changing nature of enterprise architecture and the various forces driving that change. All four parts of that wide-ranging conversation are now available. Listen to Part 1 Listen to Part 2 Listen to Part 3 Listen to Part 4 As you’ll hear, Mike, Jordan, and Jeff bring unique perspectives and opinions to this very lively conversation. These are three very sharp, very experienced guys, as and you might expect, they don’t always walk in lock-step when it comes to EA. You can learn more about Mike, Jordan, and Jeff – and share your opinions with them -- through the links below: Mike van Alst Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Business |Oracle Mix | Oracle ACE Profile Jordan Braunstein Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Business | Oracle Mix | Oracle ACE Profile Jeff Davies Homepage | Blog | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix (Also check out Jeff’s book: The Definitive Guide to SOA: Oracle Service Bus) Up Next Next week’s program features highlights from the panel discussion at the Oracle Technology Architect Day event held in Anaheim, CA on May 19. You’ll hear from Oracle ACE Directors Basheer Khan and Floyd Teter, Oracle virtualization expert and former Sun Microsystems principal engineer Jeff Savit, Oracle security analyst Geri Born, and event MC Ralf Dossman, Director of SOA and Middleware in Oracle’s Enterprise Solutions Group. Stay tuned: RSS

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  • Ada and 'The Book'

    - by Phil Factor
    The long friendship between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace created one of the most exciting and mysterious of collaborations ever to have resulted in a technological breakthrough. The fireworks that created by the collision of two prodigious mathematical and creative talents resulted in an invention, the Analytical Engine, which went on to change society fundamentally. However, beyond that, we just don't know what the bulk of their collaborative work was about:;  it was done in strictest secrecy. Even the known outcome of their friendship, the first programmable computer, was shrouded in mystery. At the time, nobody, except close friends and family, had any idea of Ada Byron's contribution to the invention of the ‘Engine’, and how to program it. Her great insight was published in August 1843, under the initials AAL, standing for Ada Augusta Lovelace, her title then being the Countess of Lovelace. It was contained in a lengthy ‘note’ to her translation of a publication that remains the best description of Babbage's amazing Analytical Engine. The secret identity of the person behind those enigmatic initials was finally revealed by Prince de Polignac who, seventy years later, wrote to Ada's daughter to seek confirmation that her mother had, indeed, been the author of the brilliant sentences that described so accurately how Babbage's mechanical computer could be programmed with punch-cards. L.F. Menabrea's paper on the Analytical Engine first appeared in the 'Bibliotheque Universelle de Geneve' in October 1842, and Ada translated it anonymously for Taylor's 'Scientific Memoirs'. Charles Babbage was surprised that she had not written an original paper as she already knew a surprising amount about the way the machine worked. He persuaded her to at least write some explanatory notes. These notes ended up extending to four times the length of the original article and represented the first published account of how a machine could be programmed to perform any calculation. Her example of programming the Bernoulli sequence would have worked on the Analytical engine had the device’s construction been completed, and gave Ada an unassailable claim to have invented the art of programming. What was the reason for Ada's secrecy? She was the only legitimate child of Lord Byron, who was probably the best known celebrity of the age, so she was already famous. She was a senior aristocrat, with titles, a fortune in money and vast estates in the Midlands. She had political influence, and was the cousin of Lord Melbourne, who was the Prime Minister at that time. She was friendly with the young Queen Victoria. Her mathematical activities were a pastime, and not one that would be considered by others to be in keeping with her roles and responsibilities. You wouldn't dare to dream up a fictional heroine like Ada. She was dazzlingly beautiful and talented. She could speak several languages fluently, and play some musical instruments with professional skill. Contemporary accounts refer to her being 'accomplished in science, art and literature'. On top of that, she was a brilliant mathematician, a talent inherited from her mother, Annabella Milbanke. In her mother's circle of literary and scientific friends was Charles Babbage, and Ada's friendship with him dates from her teenage zest for Mathematics. She was one of the first people he'd ever met who understood what he had attempted to achieve with the 'Difference Engine', and with whom he could converse as intellectual equals. He arranged for her to have an education from the most talented academics in the country. Ada melted the heart of the cantankerous genius to the point that he became a faithful and loyal father-figure to her. She was one of the very few who could grasp the principles of the later, and very different, ‘Analytical Engine’ which was designed from the start to tackle a variety of tasks. Sadly, Ada Byron's life ended less than a decade after completing the work that assured her long-term fame, in November 1852. She was dying of cancer, her gambling habits had caused her to run up huge debts, she'd had more than one affairs, and she was being blackmailed. Her brilliant but unempathic mother was nursing her in her final illness, destroying her personal letters and records, and repaying her debts. Her husband was distraught but helpless. Charles Babbage, however, maintained his steadfast paternalistic friendship to the end. She appointed her loyal friend to be her executor. For years, she and Babbage had been working together on a secret project, known only as 'The Book'. We have a clue to what it was in a letter written by her nine years earlier, on 11th August 1843. It was a joint project by herself and Lord Lovelace, her husband, and was intended to involve Babbage's 'undivided energies'. It involved 'consulting your Engine' (it required Babbage’s computer). The letter gives no hint about the project except for the high-minded nature of its purpose, and its highly mathematical nature.  From then on, the surviving correspondence between the two gives only veiled references to 'The Book'. There isn't much, since Babbage later destroyed any letters that could have damaged her reputation within the Establishment. 'I cannot spare the book today, which I am very sorry for. At the moment I want it for constant reference, but I think you can have it tomorrow' (Oct 1844)  And 'I will send you the book directly, and you can say, when you receive it, how long you will want to keep it'. (Nov 1844)  The two of them were obviously intent on the work: She writes, four years later, 'I have an engagement for Wednesday which will prevent me from attending to your wishes about the book' (Dec 1848). This was something that they both needed to work on, but could not do in parallel: 'I will send the book on Tuesday, and it can be left with you till Friday' (11 Feb 1849). After six years work, it had been so well-handled that it was beginning to fall apart: 'Don't forget the new cover you promised for the book. The poor book is very shabby and wants one' (20 Sept 1849). So what was going on? The word 'book' was not a code-word: it was a real book, probably a 'printer's blank', plain paper, but properly bound so printers and publishers could show off how the published work might look. The hints from the correspondence are of advanced mathematics. It is obvious that the book was travelling between them, back and forth, each one working on it for less than a week before passing it back. Ada and her husband were certainly involved in gambling large sums of money on the horses, and so most biographers have concluded that the three of them were trying to calculate the mathematical odds on the horses. This theory has three large problems. Firstly, Ada's original letter proposing the project refers to its high-minded nature. Babbage was temperamentally opposed to gambling and would scarcely have given so much time to the project, even though he was devoted to Ada. Secondly, Babbage would have very soon have realized the hopelessness of trying to beat the bookies. This sort of betting never attracts his type of intellectual background. The third problem is that any work on calculating the odds on horses would not need a well-thumbed book to pass back and forth between them; they would have not had to work in series. The original project was instigated by Ada, along with her husband, William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace. Charles Babbage was invited to join the project after the couple had come up with the idea. What could William have contributed? One might assume that William was a Bertie Wooster character, addicted only to the joys of the turf, but this was far from the truth. He was a scientist, a Cambridge graduate who was later elected to be a Fellow of the Royal Society. After Eton, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge. On graduation, he entered the diplomatic service and acted as secretary under Lord Nugent, who was Lord Commissioner of the Ionian Islands. William was very friendly with Babbage too, able to discuss scientific matters on equal terms. He was a capable engineer who invented a process for bending large timbers by the application of steam heat. He delivered a paper to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1849, and received praise from the great engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. As well as being Lord Lieutenant of the County of Surrey for most of Victoria's reign, he had time for a string of scientific and engineering achievements. Whatever the project was, it is unlikely that William was a junior partner. After Ada's death, the project disappeared. Then, two years later, Babbage, through one of his occasional outbursts of temper, demonstrated that he was able to decrypt one of the most powerful of secret codes, Vigenère's autokey cipher.  All contemporary diplomatic and military messages used a variant of this cipher. Babbage had made three important discoveries, namely, the mathematical law of this cipher, the principle of the key periodicity, and the technique of the symmetry of position. The technique is now known as the Kasiski examination, also called the Kasiski test, but Babbage got there first. At one time, he listed amongst his future projects, the writing of a book 'The Philosophy of Decyphering', but it never came to anything. This discovery was going to change the course of history, since it was used to decipher the Russians’ military dispatches in the Crimean war. Babbage himself played a role during the Crimean War as a cryptographical adviser to his friend, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort of the Admiralty. This is as much as we can be certain about in trying to make sense of the bulk of the time that Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace worked together. Nine years of intensive work, involving the 'Engine' and a great deal of mathematics and research seems to have been lost: or has it? I've argued in the past http://www.simple-talk.com/community/blogs/philfactor/archive/2008/06/13/59614.aspx that the cracking of the Vigenère autokey cipher, was a fundamental motive behind the British Government's support and funding of the 'Difference Engine'. The Duke of Wellington, whose understanding of the military significance of being able to read enemy dispatches, was the most steadfast advocate of the project. If the three friends were actually doing the work of cracking codes by mathematical techniques that used the techniques of key periodicity, and symmetry of position (the use of a book being passed quickly to and fro is very suggestive), intending to then use the 'Engine' to do the routine cracking of each dispatch, then this is a rather different story. The project was Ada and William's idea. (William had served in the diplomatic service and would be familiar with the use of codes). This makes Ada Lovelace the initiator of a project which, by giving both Britain, and probably the USA, a diplomatic and military advantage in the second part of the Nineteenth century, changed world history. Ada would never have wanted any credit for cracking the cipher, and developing the method that rendered all contemporary military and diplomatic ciphering techniques nugatory; quite the reverse. And it is clear from the gaps in the record of the letters between the collaborators that the evidence was destroyed, probably on her request by her irascible but intensely honorable executor, Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage toyed with the idea of going public, but the Crimean war put an end to that. The British Government had a valuable secret, and intended to keep it that way. Ada and Charles had quite often discussed possible moneymaking projects that would fund the development of the Analytic Engine, the first programmable computer, but their secret work was never in the running as a potential cash cow. I suspect that the British Government was, even then, working on the concealment of a discovery whose value to the nation depended on it remaining so. The success of code-breaking in the Crimean war, and the American Civil war, led to the British and Americans  subsequently giving much more weight and funding to the science of decryption. Paradoxically, this makes Ada's contribution even closer to the creation of Colossus, the first digital computer, at Bletchley Park, specifically to crack the Nazi’s secret codes.

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  • Enabling 32-Bit Applications on IIS7 (also affects 32-bit oledb or odbc drivers) [Solved]

    - by Humprey Cogay, C|EH
    We just bought a new Web Server, after installing Windows 2008 R2(which is a 64bit OS and IIS7), SQL Server Standard 2008 R2 and IBM Client Access for V5R3 with its Dot Net Data Providers, I tried deploying our new project which is fully functional on an IIS6 Based Web Server, I encountered this Error The 'IBMDA400.DataSource.1' provider is not registered on the local machine. To remove the doubt that I still lack some Software Pre-Requesites or version conflicts  since I encountered some erros while installing my IBM Client Access, I created a Connection Tester which is Windows App that accepts a connection string as a parameter and verifies if that parameter is valid. After entering the Proper Conn String I tried hitting the button and the Test was Succesful. So now I trimmed my suspects to My Web App and IIS7. After Googling around I found this post by a Rakki Muthukumar(Microsoft Developer Support Engineer for ASP.NET and IIS7) http://blogs.msdn.com/b/rakkimk/archive/2007/11/03/iis7-running-32-bit-and-64-bit-asp-net-versions-at-the-same-time-on-different-worker-processes.aspx So I tried scouting on IIS7's management console and found this little tweak under the Application Pool where my App is a member of. After changing this parameter to TRUE Yahoo (although I'm a Google kind of person) the Web App Works .......

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  • Oracle Database 11g Implementation Specialist - 14 a 16 Março, 2011

    - by Claudia Costa
    OPN Bootcamp Curso de Especialização em Software OracleCaro Parceiro, O novo programa de parcerias da Oracle assenta na Especialização dos seus seus parceiros. No último ano fiscal muitos parceiros já iniciaram as suas especializações nas temáticas a que estão dedicados e que são prioritárias para o seu negócio. Para apoiar o esforço e dedicação de muitos parceiros na obtenção da certificação dos seus recursos, a equipa local de alianças e canal lançou uma série de iniciativas. Entre elas, a criação deste OPN Bootcamp em conjunto com a Oracle University, especialmente dedicado à formação e preparação para os exames de Implementation, obrigatórios para obter a especialização Oracle Database 11g. Este curso de formação tem o objectivo de preparar os parceiros para o exame de Implementation a realizar já no dia 29 de Março, durante o OPN Satellite Event que terá lugar em Lisboa (outros detalhes sobre este evento serão brevemente comunicados). A sua presença neste curso de preparação nas datas que antecedem o evento OPN Satellite, é fundamental para que os seus técnicos fiquem habilitados a realizar o exame dia 29 de Março com a máxima capacidade e possibilidade de obter resultados positivos. Deste modo, no dia 29 de Março, podem obter a tão desejada certificação, com custos de exame 100% suportados pela Oracle. Contamos com a sua presença! Conteúdo: Oracle Database 11g: 2 Day DBA Release 2 + preparação para o exame 1Z0-154 Oracle Database 11g: Essentials Audiência: - Database Administrators - Technical Administrator- Technical Consultant- Support Engineer Pré Requisitos: Conhecimentos sobre sistema operativo Linux Duração: 3 dias + exame (1 dia)Horário: 9h00 / 18h00Data: 14 a 16 de Março Local: Centro de Formação Oracle Pessoas e Processos Rua do Conde Redondo, 145 - 1º - LisboaAcesso: Metro do Marquês de Pombal Custos de participação: 140€ pax/dia = 420€/pax (3 dias)* - Este preço inclui o exame de Implementation *Custo final para parceiro. Já inclui financiamento da equipa de Alianças e Canal Data e Local do Exame: 29 de Março - Instalações da Oracle University _______________________________________________________________________________________ Inscrições Gratuitas. Lugares Limitados.Reserve já o seu lugar : Email   Para mais informações sobre inscrição: Vítor PereiraFixo: 21 778 38 39 Móvel: 933777099 Fax: 21 778 38 40Para outras informações, por favor contacte: Claudia Costa / 21 423 50 27

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  • Sam's Story: It's About Life

    - by user801960
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Oracle recently released a video illustrating how Oracle products and services impact people every day of their lives. This overview demonstrates just how many different industries rely on Oracle’s world-leading technology solutions to gather and process data, enabling them to engineer systems together in the cloud and in the data centre. The video explores how Oracle solutions are impacting the retail, automotive, pharmaceutical, medical and travel industries. Through the central character, Sam, this video highlights how cross-industry solutions like collaboration software, data processing and business intelligence platforms can improve business performance, reliability and flexibility; lower the cost and complexity of IT implementation and management; and deliver greater productivity, agility and better business intelligence. To find out more about how Oracle’s products and services can help you to deliver better results, visit www.oracle.com/retail

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  • Java Spotlight Episode 150: James Gosling on Java

    - by Roger Brinkley
    Interview with James Gosling, father of Java and Java Champion, on the history of Java, his work at Liquid Robotics, Netbeans, the future of Java and what he sees as the next revolutionary trend in the computer industry. Right-click or Control-click to download this MP3 file. You can also subscribe to the Java Spotlight Podcast Feed to get the latest podcast automatically. If you use iTunes you can open iTunes and subscribe with this link: Java Spotlight Podcast in iTunes. Show Notes Feature Interview James Gosling received a BSc in Computer Science from the University of Calgary, Canada in 1977. He received a PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1983. The title of his thesis was "The Algebraic Manipulation of Constraints". He spent many years as a VP & Fellow at Sun Microsystems. He has built satellite data acquisition systems, a multiprocessor version of Unix, several compilers, mail systems and window managers. He has also built a WYSIWYG text editor, a constraint based drawing editor and a text editor called `Emacs' for Unix systems. At Sun his early activity was as lead engineer of the NeWS window system. He did the original design of the Java programming language and implemented its original compiler and virtual machine. He has been a contributor to the Real-Time Specification for Java, and a researcher at Sun labs where his primary interest was software development tools.     He then was the Chief Technology Officer of Sun's Developer Products Group and the CTO of Sun's Client Software Group. He briefly worked for Oracle after the acquisition of Sun. After a year off, he spent some time at Google and is now the chief software architect at Liquid Robotics where he spends his time writing software for the Waveglider, an autonomous ocean-going robot.

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  • Java Spotlight Episode 105: Mark Reinhold on the Future of Java

    - by Roger Brinkley
    Our yearly interview with Mark Reinhold, Chief Java Architect, Java Platform Group on the future of Java. Right-click or Control-click to download this MP3 file. You can also subscribe to the Java Spotlight Podcast Feed to get the latest podcast automatically. If you use iTunes you can open iTunes and subscribe with this link:  Java Spotlight Podcast in iTunes. Show Notes News Two Java Update Releases New Java SE 6 software updates from Apple for OS X 10.8, 10.7 and 10.6 are now live and available to all customers via the Mac App Store / Software Update. The JavaFX Community Site on Java.net JSR 360: Connected Limited Device Configuration 8 JSR 361: Java ME Embedded Profile 2012 JCP EC Election Ballot open Meet the EC Candidates Recording and Materials Events Oct 22-23, Freescale Technology Forum - Japan, Tokyo, Japan Oct 23-25, EclipseCon Europe, Ludwigsburg, Germany Oct 30-Nov 1, Arm TechCon, Santa Clara, United States of America Oct 31, JFall, Hart van Holland, Netherlands Nov 2-3, JMaghreb, Rabat, Morocco Nov 5-9, Øredev Developer Conference, Malmö, Sweden Nov 13-17, Devoxx, Antwerp, Belgium Nov 20-22, DOAG 2012, Nuremberg, Germany Dec 3-5, jDays, Göteborg, Sweden Dec 4-6, JavaOne Latin America, Sao Paolo, Brazil Feature InterviewMark Reinhold is Chief Architect of the Java Platform Group at Oracle, where he works on the Java Platform, Standard Edition, and OpenJDK. His past contributions to the platform include character-stream readers and writers, reference objects, shutdown hooks, the NIO high-performance I/O APIs, library generification, and service loaders. Mark was the lead engineer for the 1.2 and 5.0 releases and the specification lead for Java SE 6. He is currently leading the Jigsaw and JDK 7 Projects in the OpenJDK Community. Mark holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In this interview he discusses the future of Java Platform with regards to Jigsaw, Lambda, and Nashorn components as well as the OpenJDK community. What’s Cool QotD: Ubuntu 12.10 Release Notes on OpenJDK 7 New Lambda binary drop Development forest for Compact Profiles (JEP 161)

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  • Career Advice for a career shifter

    - by newbie
    Hi! I am an industrial engineer and last May 2010 at the age of 25, I resigned from my job and decided to have a career shift to IT. I am studying again and so far learned the basics of the following programming languages: C, Java (SE), MySql, html, css, javascript. I am really just a beginner in everything and only have little knowledge on data structures / algorithms, software engineering and network systems. I am currently focusing all my attention to Java so that I'll have at least one expertise. And so far, i could only make small games like hangman and battleship. I will finish my 1 year diploma in IT this May and I need to know what kinds of jobs should I apply to start my career as an IT practitioner (application developer)? I am really confused and afraid because I am already old and I need to begin again my career from scratch and I don't know where to start. Where should I start???? Thank you very much. Your reply would be highly appreciated.

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  • What Would Google Do?

    - by David Dorf
    Last year I read Jeff Jarvis' book What Would Google Do? and found it very interesting. Jeff is a long-time journalist that's been studying technology, and more specifically the internet. He used his skills to reverse-engineer Google into a list of "Google rules," then goes on to describe a futuristic world driven by these rules. Its an interesting look at crowd-sourcing, openness, and collaboration across many industries, including retail (Google Shops). This year Jeff Jarvis will be a keynote speaker at CrossTalk, Oracle's user conference dedicated to the retail industry. This year's theme is... Retail Redefined: Redesign. Reinvigorate. Reimagine. I think that's pretty appropriate given the massive changes the industry has undergone during the last three years. The thing I really like about this conference is that we try to let the retailers do most of the talking. I'm very interested in hearing about the innovative projects they've got brewing, and where they think our industry is heading. I'll be speaking, but I'm not sure about what so let me know of any interesting topics.

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  • Full-text indexing? You must read this

    - by Kyle Hatlestad
    For those of you who may have missed it, Peter Flies, Principal Technical Support Engineer for WebCenter Content, gave an excellent webcast on database searching and indexing in WebCenter Content.  It's available for replay along with a download of the slidedeck.  Look for the one titled 'WebCenter Content: Database Searching and Indexing'. One of the items he led with...and concluded with...was a recommendation on optimizing your search collection if you are using full-text searching with the Oracle database.  This can greatly improve your search performance.  And this would apply to both Oracle Text Search and DATABASE.FULLTEXT search methods.  Peter describes how a collection can become fragmented over time as content is added, updated, and deleted.  Just like you should defragment your hard drive from time to time to get your files placed on the disk in the most optimal way, you should do the same for the search collection. And optimizing the collection is just a simple procedure call that can be scheduled to be run automatically.   [Read more] 

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  • Full-text indexing? You must read this

    - by Kyle Hatlestad
    For those of you who may have missed it, Peter Flies, Principal Technical Support Engineer for WebCenter Content, gave an excellent webcast on database searching and indexing in WebCenter Content.  It's available for replay along with a download of the slidedeck.  Look for the one titled 'WebCenter Content: Database Searching and Indexing'. One of the items he led with...and concluded with...was a recommendation on optimizing your search collection if you are using full-text searching with the Oracle database.  This can greatly improve your search performance.  And this would apply to both Oracle Text Search and DATABASE.FULLTEXT search methods.  Peter describes how a collection can become fragmented over time as content is added, updated, and deleted.  Just like you should defragment your hard drive from time to time to get your files placed on the disk in the most optimal way, you should do the same for the search collection. And optimizing the collection is just a simple procedure call that can be scheduled to be run automatically.   beginctx_ddl.optimize_index('FT_IDCTEXT1','FULL', parallel_degree =>'1');end; When I checked my own test instance, I found my collection had a row fragmentation of about 80% After running the optimization procedure, it went down to 0% The knowledgebase article On Index Fragmentation and Optimization When Using OracleTextSearch or DATABASE.FULLTEXT [ID 1087777.1] goes into detail on how to check your current index fragmentation, how to run the procedure, and then how to schedule the procedure to run automatically.  While the article mentions scheduling the job weekly, Peter says he now is recommending this be run daily, especially on more active systems. And just as a reminder, be sure to involve your DBA with your WebCenter Content implementation as you go to production and over time.  We recently had a customer complain of slow performance of the application when it was discovered the database was starving for memory.  So it's always helpful to keep a watchful eye on your database.

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  • Thoughts on the new JavaFX by Jim Connors

    - by Jacob Lehrbaum
    First, a brief editorial if I may.  The upcoming JavaFX 2.0 platform has been getting overwhelmingly positive reaction from the community so far.  While the public sentiment seems to be cautiously optimistic, I've heard nothing but positive reactions from everyone that I've spoken to about the platform.   In fact, many of the early adopters of JavaFX have told us directly that they are very encouraged about the direction the platform is taking.One such early adopter is Oracle's own Jim Connors.  As his day job, Jim is a principal sales consultant (basically an engineer that supports Oracle's sales efforts) in the New York area.  However, Jim also co-wrote a book with Jim Clarke and Eric Bruno on JavaFX and has spoken and conducted training sessions at events like the New York Java Developer Day, the Java Road Trip, and other events.In his thoughtful editorial, Jim discusses some of the reasons why he believes the new directions Oracle is taking JavaFX make sense, including:Better developer toolsLower barriers to adoption -> better accessibility to existing Java developersImproved performanceMore flexibility (ability to use other dynamic languages, etc)To read more about Jim's thoughts on the new JavaFX, check out his blog.  Or if you want to learn more about the JavaFX platform, pick up a copy of his book.  And if you still want to use JavaFX Script, you can check out Project Visage

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  • What is your definition of a programmer?

    - by Amir Rezaei
    The definition of a programmer is not obvious. It has happened that I have asked questions in this forum where people believe it don’t belong here because it’s not programmer related. I thought this question may clarify the definition. What characteristics, roles and activities do you think defines a programmer? Is there a typical programmer? The technology changes so fast that it may be hard to be typical programmer. From wikipedia: A programmer, computer programmer or coder is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst. A programmer's primary computer language (C, C++, Java, Lisp, Delphi etc.) is often prefixed to the above titles, and those who work in a web environment often prefix their titles with web. The term programmer can be used to refer to a software developer, software engineer, computer scientist, or software analyst. However, members of these professions typically possess other software engineering skills, beyond programming; for this reason, the term programmer is sometimes considered an insulting or derogatory oversimplification of these other professions. This has sparked much debate amongst developers, analysts, computer scientists, programmers, and outsiders who continue to be puzzled at the subtle differences in these occupations

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