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• Decisions in teaching someone else to program: language selection

  - by Dinah

  My friend would like for me to guide her into learning programming. She's already proven enormous aptitude for thinking like a programmer but is scared of the idea of programming since in her mind it's relegated to some magical realm accessible only to smart people and trained computer scientists (ironically, I am neither but that's beside the point). My main question is the age-old and irritating question: which language should I chose? I've limited it down to these: PHP: dead simple to start with and I remember enough of the language to answer all novice questions. However, I can think of a million reasons why I wouldn't recommend this as a first language. The most diplomatic of which is that there's no desktop app option to which I would feel comfortable subjecting a novice. Python: supposed to be wonderful for beginners and generally everything I've heard about it screams that this is the correct choice. That's the problem: everything I've heard about it. I don't know it yet and have a lot of projects going on right now so I don't feel like learning it yet -- but I'm going to be the tech-support when any little thing goes wrong. I know there are tons of online resources but in the frustration of the moment, it's always going to be just me. C#: this is the language I'm most comfortable with so I know I can be good tech support. I also love this language and its versatility and community. The big drawback here is that I remember when I first learned it after doing mainly PHP, Perl, and JavaScript and I found the experience overwhelming. You are simultaneously learning: programming concepts, C# syntax, strong typing, OOP, and a complex powerful IDE with a bazillion options and buttons all over it.

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• Singleton: How should it be used

  - by Loki Astari

  Edit: From another question I provided an answer that has links to a lot of questions/answers about singeltons: More info about singletons here: So I have read the thread Singletons: good design or a crutch? And the argument still rages. I see Singletons as a Design Pattern (good and bad). The problem with Singleton is not the Pattern but rather the users (sorry everybody). Everybody and their father thinks they can implement one correctly (and from the many interviews I have done, most people can't). Also because everybody thinks they can implement a correct Singleton they abuse the Pattern and use it in situations that are not appropriate (replacing global variables with Singletons!). So the main questions that need to be answered are: When should you use a Singleton How do you implement a Singleton correctly My hope for this article is that we can collect together in a single place (rather than having to google and search multiple sites) an authoritative source of when (and then how) to use a Singleton correctly. Also appropriate would be a list of Anti-Usages and common bad implementations explaining why they fail to work and for good implementations their weaknesses. So get the ball rolling: I will hold my hand up and say this is what I use but probably has problems. I like "Scott Myers" handling of the subject in his books "Effective C++" Good Situations to use Singletons (not many): Logging frameworks Thread recycling pools /* * C++ Singleton * Limitation: Single Threaded Design * See: http://www.aristeia.com/Papers/DDJ_Jul_Aug_2004_revised.pdf * For problems associated with locking in multi threaded applications * * Limitation: * If you use this Singleton (A) within a destructor of another Singleton (B) * This Singleton (A) must be fully constructed before the constructor of (B) * is called. */ class MySingleton { private: // Private Constructor MySingleton(); // Stop the compiler generating methods of copy the object MySingleton(MySingleton const& copy); // Not Implemented MySingleton& operator=(MySingleton const& copy); // Not Implemented public: static MySingleton& getInstance() { // The only instance // Guaranteed to be lazy initialized // Guaranteed that it will be destroyed correctly static MySingleton instance; return instance; } }; OK. Lets get some criticism and other implementations together. :-)

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• Abstract Base Class or Class?

  - by Mohit Deshpande

  For my semester project, my team and I are supposed to make a .jar file (library, not runnable) that contains a game development framework and demonstrate the concepts of OOP. Its supposed to be a FRAMEWORK and another team is supposed to use our framework and vice-versa. So I want to know how we should start. We thought of several approaches: 1. Start with a plain class public class Enemy { public Enemy(int x, int y, int health, int attack, ...) { ... } ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... } 2. Start with an abstract class that user-defined enemies have to inherit abstract members public abstract class Enemy { public Enemy(int x, int y, int health, int attack, ...) { ... } public abstract void draw(); public abstract void destroy(); ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... public void draw() { ... } public void destroy() { ... } } 3. Create a super ABC (Abstract Base Class) that ALL inherit from public abstract class VectorEntity { ... } public abstract class Enemy extends VectorEntity { ... } public class Player extends VectorEntity { ... } public class UserDefinedClass extends Enemy { ... } Which should I use? Or is there a better way?

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• Are there any applications written in the Io programming language? (Or, distributing Io applications

  - by Rayne

  I've recently become interested in prototype-based OOP, and I've been playing with Io and Ioke. Distributing an application with Ioke is simple. It's on the JVM. Need I say more? However, I'm absolutely stumped as to how one would distribute an Io application, especially on Windows. It's not like you can have end-users compile Io to run your application. I was actually shocked the Io has gone for 8 years without forming some sort of standards for things like distribution. Ruby has gems, Java has jars, and so on. The worse thing about it is, I can't find a single application written in Io to maybe steal ideas on distribution from. Maybe I suck at google searching (Io is a horrible search name, by the way ;P). Is there any sort of canonical way to distribute Io applications? Are there even any Io applications in existence, or am I just missing the point? I'm not sure if this should be community wiki or not. If you think it should, comment and let me know.

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• The most efficient method of drawing multiple quads in OpenGL

  - by CPatton

  I'm not very keen with OpenGL and I was wondering if someone could give me some insight on this. I'm a 'seasoned' programmer, I've read the redbook about VBOs and the like, but I was wondering from a more experienced person about the best/most efficient way of achieving this. I've been producing this 2d tile-based game engine to be used in several projects. I have a class called "ScreenObject" which is mainly composed of a Dictionary<Point, Tile> The Point key is to show where to render the Tile on the screen, and the Tile contains one or more textures to be drawn at that point. This ScreenObject is where the tiles will be modified, deleted, added, etc.. My original method of drawing the tiles in the testing I've done was to iterate through the ScreenObject and draw each quad at each location separately. From what I've read, this is a massive waste of resources. It wasn't horribly slow in the testing, but after I've completed the animation classes and effect classes, I'm sure it would be extremely slow. And one last thing, if you wouldn't mind.. As I said before, the Tile class can contain multiple textures to be drawn at the Point location on the screen. I recognize possibly two options for me here. Either add a quad at that location for each texture to be drawn, or, somehow.. use a multiple texture for the same quad (if it's possible). Even if each tile contained one texture only, that would be 64 quads to be drawn on the screen. Most of the tiles will contain 2-5 textures, so the number of total quads would increase dramatically with this method. Would it be feasible to add a quad for each new texture, or am I ignoring a better way to do this? Just need some help understanding this if you don't mind :) I've tried to be as concise as possible, and I'd greatly appreciate any responses.. and even some criticism. Programming is often a learning process and one who develops seems to never stops learning. Thanks for your time.

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• How do people know so much about programming?

  - by Luciano

  I see people in this forums with a lot of points, so I assume they know about a lot of different programming stuff. When I was young I knew about basic (commodore) and the turbo pascal (pc). Then in college I learnt about C, memory management, x86 set, loop invariants, graphs, db query optimization, oop, functional, lambda calculus, prolog, concurrency, polymorphism, newton method, simplex, backtracking, dynamic programming, heuristics, np completeness, LR, LALR, neural networks, static & dynamic typing, turing, godel, and more in between. Then in industry I started with Java several years ago and learnt about it, and its variety of frameworks, and also design patterns, architecture patterns, web development, server development, mobile development, tdd, bdd, uml, use cases, bug trackers, process management, people management if you are a tech lead, profiling, security concerns, etc. I started to forget what I learnt in college... And then there is the stuff I don't know yet, like python, .net, perl, JVM stuff like groovy or scala.. Of course Google is a must for rapid documentation access to know if a problem has been solved already and how, and to keep informed about new stuff by blogs and places like this one. It's just too much or I just have a bad memory.. how do you guys manage it?

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• How do I 'addChild' an DisplayObject3d from another class? (Papervision3d)

  - by Sandor

  Hi All Im kind of new in the whole papervision scene. For a school assignment I'm making a panorama version of my own room using a cube with 6 pictures in it. It created the panorama, it works great. But now I want to add clickable objects in it. One of the requirements is that my code is OOP focused. So that's what I am trying right now. Currently I got two classes - Main.as (Here i make the panorama cube as the room) - photoWall.as (Here I want to create my first clickable object) Now my problem is: I want to addChild a clickable object from photoWall.as to my panorama room. But he doesn't show it? I think it has something to do with the scenes. I use a new scene in Main.as and in photoWall.as. No errors or warnings are reported This is the piece in photoWall.as were I want to addChild my object (photoList): private function portret():void { //defining my material for the clickable portret var material : BitmapFileMaterial = new BitmapFileMaterial('images/room.jpg'); var material_list : MaterialsList = new MaterialsList( { front: material, back: material } ); // I don't know if this is nessecary? that's my problem scene = new Scene3D(); material.interactive = true; // make the clickable object as a cube var photoList : DisplayObject3D = new Cube(material_list, 1400, 1400, 1750, 1, 4, 4, 4); // positioning photoList.x = -1400; photoList.y = -280; photoList.z = 5000; //mouse event photoList.addEventListener( InteractiveScene3DEvent.OBJECT_CLICK, onPress); // this is my problem! I cannot see 'photoList' within my scene!!! scene.addChild(photoList); // trace works, so the function must be loaded. trace('function loaded'); } Hope you guys can help me out here. Would really be great! Thanks, Sandor

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• Defining a variable in a class and using it in functions

  - by Josh

  I am trying to learn PHP classes so I can begin coding more OOP projects. To help me learn I am building a class that uses the Rapidshare API. Here's my class: <?php class RS { public $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; function apiCall($params) { echo $baseUrl; } } ?> $params will contain a set of key pair values, like this: $params = array( 'sub' => 'listfiles_v1', 'type' => 'prem', 'login' => '746625', 'password' => 'not_my_real_pass', 'realfolder' => '0', 'fields' => 'filename,downloads,size', ); Which will later be appended to $baseUrl to make the final request URL, but I can't get $baseUrl to appear in my apiCall() method. I have tried the following: var $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; private $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; And even tried $this->baseUrl = $baseUrl; in my apiCall() methid, I don't know what the hell I was thinking there though lol. Any help is appreciated thanks :)

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• Robust LINQ to XML query for sibling key-value pairs

  - by awshepard

  (First post, please be gentle!) I am just learning about LINQ to XML in all its glory and frailty, trying to hack it to do what I want to do: Given an XML file like this - <list> <!-- random data, keys, values, etc.--> <key>FIRST_WANTED_KEY</key> <value>FIRST_WANTED_VALUE</value> <key>SECOND_WANTED_KEY</key> <value>SECOND_WANTED_VALUE</value> <!-- wanted because it's first --> <key>SECOND_WANTED_KEY</key> <value>UNWANTED_VALUE</value> <!-- not wanted because it's second --> <!-- nonexistent <key>THIRD_WANTED_KEY</key> --> <!-- nonexistent <value>THIRD_WANTED_VALUE</value> --> <!-- more stuff--> </list> I want to extract the values of a set of known "wanted keys" in a robust fashion, i.e. if SECOND_WANTED_KEY appears twice, I only want SECOND_WANTED_VALUE, not UNWANTED_VALUE. Additionally, THIRD_WANTED_KEY may or may not appear, so the query should be able to handle that as well. I can assume that FIRST_WANTED_KEY will appear before other keys, but can't assume anything about the order of the other keys - if a key appears twice, its values aren't important, I only want the first one. An anonymous data type consisting of strings is fine. My attempt has centered around something along these lines: var z = from y in x.Descendants() where y.Value == "FIRST_WANTED_KEY" select new { first_wanted_value = ((XElement)y.NextNode).Value, //... } My question is what should that ... be? I've tried, for instance, (ugly, I know) second_wanted_value = ((XElement)y.ElementsAfterSelf() .Where(w => w.Value=="SECOND_WANTED_KEY") .FirstOrDefault().NextNode).Value which should hopefully allow the key to be anywhere, or non-existent, but that hasn't worked out, since .NextNode on a null XElement doesn't seem to work. I've also tried to add in a .Select(t => { if (t==null) return new XElement("SECOND_WANTED_KEY",""); else return t; }) clause in after the where, but that hasn't worked either. I'm open to suggestions, (constructive) criticism, links, references, or suggestions of phrases to Google for, etc. I've done a fair share of Googling and checking around S.O., so any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• JAVA vs .NET - Choice for way to go further [closed]

  - by Sarang

  I have my subject .Net acedemically. I also learned core Java and did a project as well. I took training from a Java firm. Now, as a skill I do have knowledge as both language. But, it is creating a large problem to me that, which field I should chhose? Even if having better OOP fundamentals, will it be easier for me to transfer from one to another in the future ? Please suggest me a way. Also, we do have may technologies available at both side, like JSP, JSF, J2ME, Share Point, SilverLight etc. Which is better as per their reliabity point of view? Which are fast growing and useful technologies used mostly in current IT corporate world ? Are they easier to learn at fresher's point of view? Please answer. Perhaps, this answer may help me mostly to create my way to learn them and go further. Every IT developer, please help to find me my way.

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• SQL Stored Queries - use result of query as boolean based on existence of records

  - by Christian Mann

  Just getting into SQL stored queries right now... anyway, here's my database schema (simplified for YOUR convenience): member ------ id INT PK board ------ id INT PK officer ------ id INT PK If you're into OOP, Officer Inherits Board Inherits Member. In other words, if someone is listed on the officer table, s/he is listed on the board table and the member table. I want to find out the highest privilege level someone has. So far my SP looks like this: DELIMITER // CREATE PROCEDURE GetAuthLevel(IN targetID MEDIUMINT) BEGIN IF SELECT `id` FROM `member` WHERE `id` = targetID; THEN IF SELECT `id` FROM `board` WHERE `id` = targetID; THEN IF SELECT `id` FROM `officer` WHERE `id` = targetID; THEN RETURN 3; /*officer*/ ELSE RETURN 2; /*board member*/ ELSE RETURN 1; /*general member*/ ELSE RETURN 0; /*not a member*/ END // DELIMITER ; The exact text of the error is #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'SELECT id FROM member WHERE id = targetID; THEN IF SEL' at line 4 I suspect the issue is in the arguments for the IF blocks. What I want to do is return true if the result-set is at least one -- i.e. the id was found in the table. Do any of you guys see anything to do here, or should I reconsider my database design into this:? person ------ id INT PK level SMALLINT

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• Alternative Python standard library reference

  - by Ender

  I love Python; I absolutely despise its official documentation. Tutorials do not count as library references, but that appears to be what they're attempting. What I really want is the ability to find a class in the standard library and view documentation for all of its properties and methods. Actionscript, MSDN, and Java all do this just fine (although each with their odd quirks). Where is this for python? For example, I wanted to sort a list. mylist.sort(). Awesome. But what if I wanted it sorted in descending order? Official documentation is not - much - help. Or what if I wanted to specify a key function? That's also supported: mylist.sort(key=lamba item: item.customVar)- but documented...where? I understand that Python's approach to OOP may not be equivalent to Java et. al. Maybe list isn't actually a class - maybe it's just a function that returns an iterable when the tachyon beams are set to glorious and the unboxed hyper enumeration is quantized, but...I don't care. I just want to know how to sort lists. (Apologies for the angst - too much caffeine today)

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• Programming Technique: How to create a simple card game

  - by Shyam

  Hi, As I am learning the Ruby language, I am getting closer to actual programming. So I was thinking of creating a simple card game. My question isn't Ruby orientated, but I do know want to learn how to solve this problem with a genuine OOP approach. In my card game I want to have four players. Using a standard deck with 52 cards, no jokers/wildcards. In the game I won't use the Ace as a dual card, it is always the highest card. So, the programming problems I wonder about are the following: How can I sort/randomize the deck of cards? There are four types, each having 13 values. Eventually there can be only unique values, so picking random values could generate duplicates. How can I implement a simple AI? As there are tons of card games, someone would have figured this part out already, so references would be great. I am a truly Ruby nuby, and my goal here is to learn to solve problems, so pseudo code would be great, just to understand how to solve the problem programmatically. I apologize for my grammar and writing style if it's unclear, for it is not my native language. Also pointers to sites where such challenges are explained, would be a great resource! Thank you for your comments, answers and feedback!

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• C#: BackgroundWorker cloning resources?

  - by Dav

  The problem I've been struggling with this partiular problem for two days now and just run out of ideas. A little... background: we have a WinForms app that needs to access a database, construct a list of related in-memory objects from that data, and then display on a DataGridView. Important point is that we first populate an app-wide cache (List), and then create a mirror of the cache local to the form on which the DGV lives (using List constructor param). Because fetching the data takes a good few seconds (DB sits on a LAN server) to load, we decided to use a BackgroundWorker, and only refresh the DGV once the data is loaded. However, it seems that doing the loading via a BGW results in some memory leak... or an error on my part. When loaded using a blocking method call, the app consumes about 30MB of RAM; with a BGW this jumps to 80MB! While it may not seem as much anyway, our clients are not too happy about it. Relevant code Form private void MyForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { MyRepository.Instance.FinishedEvent += RefreshCache; } private void RefreshCache(object sender, EventArgs e) { dgvProducts.DataSource = new List<MyDataObj>(MyRepository.Products); } Repository private static List<MyDataObj> Products { get; set; } public event EventHandler ProductsLoaded; public void GetProductsSync() { List<MyDataObj> p; using (MyL2SDb db = new MyL2SDb(MyConfig.ConnectionString)) { p = db.PRODUCTS .Select(p => new MyDataObj {Id = p.ID, Description = p.DESCR}) .ToList(); } Products = p; // tell the form to refresh UI if (ProductsLoaded != null) ProductsLoaded(this, null); } public void GetProductsAsync() { using (BackgroundWorker myWorker = new BackgroundWorker()) { myWorker.DoWork += delegate { List<MyDataObj> p; using (MyL2SDb db = new MyL2SDb(MyConfig.ConnectionString)) { p = db.PRODUCTS .Select(p => new MyDataObj {Id = p.ID, Description = p.DESCR}) .ToList(); } Products = p; }; // tell the form to refresh UI when finished myWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += GetProductsCompleted; myWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); } } private void GetProductsCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if (ProductsLoaded != null) ProductsLoaded(this, null); } End! GetProductsSync or GetProductsAsync are called on the main thread, not shown above. Could it be that the GarbageCollector just gets lost with two threads? Or is it the task manager that shows incorrect values? Will be greateful for any responses, suggestions, criticism.

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• Objective-C Simple Inheritance and OO Principles

  - by bleeckerj

  I have a subclass SubClass that inherits from baseclass BaseClass. BaseClass has an initializer, like so: -(id)init { self = [super init]; if(self) { [self commonInit]; } return self; } -(void)commonInit { self.goodStuff = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; } SubClass does its initializer, like so: -(id)init { self = [super init]; if(self) { [self commonInit]; } return self; } -(void)commonInit { self.extraGoodStuff = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; } Now, I've *never taken a proper Objective-C course, but I'm a programmer more from the Electrical Engineering side, so I make do. I've developed server-side applications mostly in Java though, so I may be seeing the OO world through Java principles. When SubClass is initialized, it calls the BaseClass init and my expectation would be — because inheritance to me implies that characteristics of a BaseClass pass through to SubClass — that the commonInit method in BaseClass would be called during BaseClass init. It is not. I can *sorta understand maybe-possibly-stretch-my-imagination why it wouldn't be. But, then — why wouldn't it be based on the principles of OOP? What does "self" represent if not the instance of the class of the running code? Okay, so — I'm not going to argue that what a well-developed edition of Objective-C is doing is wrong. So, then — what is the pattern I should be using in this case? I want SubClass to have two main bits — the goodStuff that BaseClass has as well as the extraGoodStuff that it deserves as well. Clearly, I've been using the wrong pattern in this type of situation. Am I meant to expose commonInit (which makes me wonder about encapsulation principles — why expose something that, in the Java world at least, would be considered "protected" and something that should only ever be called once for each instance)? I've run into a similar problem in the recent past and tried to muddle through it, but now — I'm really wondering if I've got my principles and concepts all straight in my head. Little help, please.

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• Disassembling with python - no easy solution?

  - by Abc4599

  Hi, I'm trying to create a python script that will disassemble a binary (a Windows exe to be precise) and analyze its code. I need the ability to take a certain buffer, and extract some sort of struct containing information about the instructions in it. I've worked with libdisasm in C before, and I found it's interface quite intuitive and comfortable. The problem is, its Python interface is available only through SWIG, and I can't get it to compile properly under Windows. At the availability aspect, diStorm provides a nice out-of-the-box interface, but it provides only the Mnemonic of each instruction, and not a binary struct with enumerations defining instruction type and what not. This is quite uncomfortable for my purpose, and will require a lot of what I see as spent time wrapping the interface to make it fit my needs. I've also looked at BeaEngine, which does in fact provide the output I need, a struct with binary info concerning each instruction, but its interface is really odd and counter-intuitive, and it crashes pretty much instantly when provided with wrong arguments. The CTypes sort of ultimate-death-to-your-python crashes. So, I'd be happy to hear about other solutions, which are a little less time consuming than messing around with djgcc or mingw to make SWIGed libdisasm, or writing an OOP wrapper for diStorm. If anyone has some guidance as to how to compile SWIGed libdisasm, or better yet, a compiled binary (pyd or dll+py), I'd love to hear/have it. :) Thanks ahead.

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• How to make Doxygen ignore specific PHP functions, when generating documentation from a purely proce

  - by Senthil

  I am writing a PHP Library and I am trying out Doxygen to generate the API documentation. My library does not use OOP. All code is procedural. I use lot of helper functions which have an _ (underscore) prefix in their names. They are not part of the publicly exposed API. They are just used internally. Even though they are commented just like the API functions, I don't want them included when giving out the documentation for the API. I want Doxygen to ignore these functions. I can think of two solutions for this, but I am not able to implement either one of them. First is, I can set some configuration in Doxygen to make it ignore specific function name patterns. I went through Doxygen help documentation and searched the web. There seems to be options to ignore file and folder name patterns. But I am not able to find an option to specify a function name pattern and make it ignore those functions. Second is, along with all the other content in the comments above functions, I could add some other keyword or something and make Doxygen ignore those functions. I haven't been able to find out how to do that either. How can I make Doxygen ignore specific PHP functions when generating documentation? Update I searched within Stack Overflow and came across this question. It looked similar to my question. I found out about EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS config option in one of the answers. You can use that to exclude function names too. More importantly, wildcards were supported. So I am able to ignore all my functions with _ as the prefix :) This ridiculous! I should've done more research :| Someone please delete this question or add this answer as an answer.

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• How to convince someone, that reading programming related books(blogs, so..) is important? [closed]

  - by hgulyan

  Dear all, please, help me to convince, that no matter what you're doing, you need to read some stuff, try to learn something new. They say, that they don't want to sit in front of computer in the end of a day and they don't have opportunity to read in working hours, or they're too tired for doing something. Have you faced this kind of situation? What did you do? What if you want to help them? What methodology you'd suggest? How to open their eyes? EDIT I'm really concerned about this people. EDIT 2 Just to be clear, I'm not talking about one person or two. Some of them, just do their job good. Company doesn't motivate them to learn something. They're not bad people, not bad developers, they just need something or someone to help, show another view, but you can't just describe this new view or say smth like "You need to learn!" and that's it, you'll start to learn or you're not a good programmer. I started to learn OOP, DB structure 6 years ago and I had someone who had guided me. He told me to learn Java and MySQL, gave me some manuals and API's. That's how I started. What if they don't have that kind person or something else?

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• Why is VB6 still so widely used?

  - by Uri

  Note that this question is not meant to start an argument, I am genuinely curious: Back in the 90s I used to work for a large CPU maker and we were building some debuggers. All our core logic was in C++, but the GUI was made in VB6. We couldn't figure out MFC and it was too much a hassle. We glued together VB6 and C++ using COM which we created via ATL. Fast forward to 2009, having been mostly in the Java world I am looking at job boards and seeing more VB6 jobs than I expected. I genuinely thought that VB6 was extinct, especially since VB.NET supposedly solved a lot of the problems with the VB6 which at the time felt a lot like a scripting language than a true OOP language. So what happened? Why is new code still written in it? Isn't there a better way to glue C++ and VB.NET? Note that I haven't used VB.NET, I just understand that it is a much more "stricter" language than VB6 was. Even with Option Explicit or whatever it was.

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• Optimizing Haskell code

  - by Masse

  I'm trying to learn Haskell and after an article in reddit about Markov text chains, I decided to implement Markov text generation first in Python and now in Haskell. However I noticed that my python implementation is way faster than the Haskell version, even Haskell is compiled to native code. I am wondering what I should do to make the Haskell code run faster and for now I believe it's so much slower because of using Data.Map instead of hashmaps, but I'm not sure I'll post the Python code and Haskell as well. With the same data, Python takes around 3 seconds and Haskell is closer to 16 seconds. It comes without saying that I'll take any constructive criticism :). import random import re import cPickle class Markov: def __init__(self, filenames): self.filenames = filenames self.cache = self.train(self.readfiles()) picklefd = open("dump", "w") cPickle.dump(self.cache, picklefd) picklefd.close() def train(self, text): splitted = re.findall(r"(\w+|[.!?',])", text) print "Total of %d splitted words" % (len(splitted)) cache = {} for i in xrange(len(splitted)-2): pair = (splitted[i], splitted[i+1]) followup = splitted[i+2] if pair in cache: if followup not in cache[pair]: cache[pair][followup] = 1 else: cache[pair][followup] += 1 else: cache[pair] = {followup: 1} return cache def readfiles(self): data = "" for filename in self.filenames: fd = open(filename) data += fd.read() fd.close() return data def concat(self, words): sentence = "" for word in words: if word in "'\",?!:;.": sentence = sentence[0:-1] + word + " " else: sentence += word + " " return sentence def pickword(self, words): temp = [(k, words[k]) for k in words] results = [] for (word, n) in temp: results.append(word) if n > 1: for i in xrange(n-1): results.append(word) return random.choice(results) def gentext(self, words): allwords = [k for k in self.cache] (first, second) = random.choice(filter(lambda (a,b): a.istitle(), [k for k in self.cache])) sentence = [first, second] while len(sentence) < words or sentence[-1] is not ".": current = (sentence[-2], sentence[-1]) if current in self.cache: followup = self.pickword(self.cache[current]) sentence.append(followup) else: print "Wasn't able to. Breaking" break print self.concat(sentence) Markov(["76.txt"]) -- module Markov ( train , fox ) where import Debug.Trace import qualified Data.Map as M import qualified System.Random as R import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B type Database = M.Map (B.ByteString, B.ByteString) (M.Map B.ByteString Int) train :: [B.ByteString] -> Database train (x:y:[]) = M.empty train (x:y:z:xs) = let l = train (y:z:xs) in M.insertWith' (\new old -> M.insertWith' (+) z 1 old) (x, y) (M.singleton z 1) `seq` l main = do contents <- B.readFile "76.txt" print $ train $ B.words contents fox="The quick brown fox jumps over the brown fox who is slow jumps over the brown fox who is dead."

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• How do I get an overview and a methodology for programming in Python

  - by Peter Nielsen

  I've started to learn Python and programming from scratch. I have not programmed before so it's a new experience. I do seem to grasp most of the concepts, from variables to definitions and modules. I still need to learn a lot more about what the different libraries and modules do and also I lack knowledge on OOP and classes in Python. I see people who just program in Python like that's all they have ever done and I am still just coming to grips with it. Is there a way, some tools, a logical methodology that would give me an overview or a good hold of how to handle programming problems ? For instance, I'm trying to create a parser which we need at the office . I also need to create a spider that would collect links from various websites. Is there a formidable way of studying the various modules to see what is needed ? Or is it just nose to the grind stone and understand what the documentation says ? Sorry for the lengthy question..

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• PHP syntax for referencing self with late static binding

  - by Chris

  When I learned PHP it was pretty much in procedural form, more recently I've been trying to adapt to the OOP way of doing things. Hoever the tutorials I've been following were produced before PHP 5.3 when late static binding was introduced. What I want to know is how do I reference self when calling a function from a parent class. For example these two methods were written for a User class which is a child of DatabaseObject. Right now they're sitting inside the User class, but, as they're used in other child classes of DatabaseObject I'd like to promote them to be included inside DatabaseObject. public static function find_all() { global $database; $result_set = self::find_by_sql("select * from ".self::$table_name); return $result_set; } and: protected function cleaned_attributes() { global $database; $clean_attributes = array(); foreach($this->attributes() as $key => $value) { $clean_attributes[$key] = $database->escape_value($value); } return $clean_attributes; } So I have three questions: 1) How do I change the self:: reference when I move it to the parent. Is it static:: or something similar? 2) When calling the function from my code do I call it in the same way, as a function of the child class eg User::find_all() or is there a change there also? 3) Is there anything else I need to know before I start chopping bits up?

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• Php: Overriding abstract method goes wrong

  - by Lu4

  Hi! I think there is a problem in php's OOP implementation. EDIT: Consider more illustrative example: abstract class Animal { public $name; // public function Communicate(Animal $partner) {} // Works public abstract function Communicate(Animal $partner); // Gives error } class Panda extends Animal { public function Communicate(Panda $partner) { echo "Hi {$partner->name} I'm a Panda"; } } class Human extends Animal { public function Communicate(Human $partner) { echo "Hi {$partner->name} I'm a Human"; } } $john = new Human(); $john->name = 'John'; $mary = new Human(); $mary->name = 'Mary'; $john->Communicate($mary); // should be ok $zuzi = new Panda(); $zuzi->name = 'Zuzi'; $zuzi->Communicate($john); // should give error The problem is that when Animal::Communicate is an abstract method, php tells that the following methods are illegal: "public function Communicate(Panda $partner)" "public function Communicate(Human $partner)" but when Animal::Communicate is non-abstract but has zero-implementation Php thinks that these methods are legal. So in my opinion it's not right because we are doing override in both cases, and these both cases are equal, so it seems like it's a bug... Older part of the post: Please consider the following code: Framework.php namespace A { class Component { ... } abstract class Decorator { public abstract function Decorate(\A\Component $component); } } Implementation.php namespace B { class MyComponent extends \A\Component { ... } } MyDecorator.php namespace A { class MyDecorator extends Decorator { public function Decorate(\B\MyComponent $component) { ... } } } The following code gives error in MyDecorator.php telling Fatal error: Declaration of MyDecorator::Decorate() must be compatible with that of A\Decorator::Decorate() in MyDecorator.php on line ... But when I change the Framework.php::Decorator class to the following implementation: abstract class Decorator { public function Decorate(\A\Component $component) {} } the problem disappears.

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• How large a role does subjectiveness play in programming?

  - by Bob

  I often read about the importance of readability and maintainability. Or, I read very strong opinions about which syntax features are bad or good. Or discussions about the values of certain paradigms, like OOP. Aside from that, this same question floats about in my mind whenever I read debates on SO or Meta about subjective questions. Or read questions about best practices and sometimes find myself or others disagreeing. What role does subjectiveness play within the programming realm? Sometimes I think it plays a large role. Software developers are engineers in a way, but also people. A large part of programming is dealing with code that's human readable. This is very different from Math or Physics or other disciplines with very exact and structured rules. Here the exact structure and rules are largely up in the air, changeable on a whim, and hence the amount of languages in existence. And one person may find one language very readable, and another person may find their own language the most comforting. The same with practices. One person may not like certain accepted practices. I myself find splitting classes into different files very unreadable, for instance. But, I can't say rules haven't helped in general. Certain practices have and do make life easier. And new languages have given rise to syntax and structure that make life easier. There's certainly been a progression towards code that is easier to read and maintain even given a largely diverse group of people. So maybe these things aren't as subjective as I thought. It reminds me, in a way, of UI design. Certainly it's subjective, but then there's an entire discipline involved in crafting good UI and it tends to work. Is there something non-subjective about the ideas behind maintainability, readability, and other best practices? Is there something tangible to grasp when one develops a new language or thinks of new practices?

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• Java (or possibly other languages) learning path

  - by bgo

  I am familiar (as a self-learner) with C, python and php such that i can solve some problems involving simple steps (for example, i easily do calculations for physics lab reports with python which normally would take 4x-5x times longer with a calculator). The point here is, as doing such things, i learnt the idea / concepts of programming language and problem solving along with oop or fuctional programming etc. Recently i have started Java and, with the familiarity of other languages, i am doing well for starters but i need guidence. -I am thinking of learning syntax from sun java tutorials and then practicing with codingbat.com or similar sites. I need a reference book that i can study deeper aspects of the topics i am learning. What do you suggest about these? -The problem is (and always have been) the lack of practice. I need coding and problem-solving practices sources. I stuck at the point where i can't figure out what to do next. Can you suggest any source (possibly like codingbat)? If i could plan a learning trail, i can progress faster and efficiently. So i need ideas, comments, suggestions. Thanks in advance.

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