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• What You Said: How You Set Up a Novice-Proof Computer

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Earlier this week we asked you to share your tips and tricks for setting up a novice-proof computer; read on to see how your fellow readers ensure friends and relatives have a well protected computer. Image available as wallpaper here. If you only listen to a single bit of advice from your fellow readers, let that advice be the importance of separate and non-administrative user accounts. Grant writes: I have two boys, now 8 and 10, who have been using the computer since age 2. I set them up on Linux (Debian first, now Ubuntu) with a limited rights account. They can only make a mess of their own area. Worst case, empty their home directory and let them start over. I have to install software for them, but they can’t break the machine without causing physical damage (hammers, water, etc.) My wife was on Windows, and I was on Debian, and before they had their own, they knew they could only use my computer, and only logged in as themselves. All accounts were password protected, so that was easy to enforce. What Is the Purpose of the “Do Not Cover This Hole” Hole on Hard Drives? How To Log Into The Desktop, Add a Start Menu, and Disable Hot Corners in Windows 8 HTG Explains: Why You Shouldn’t Use a Task Killer On Android

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• Are there ways to write php/python code to run as hooks in the Apache Request Processing pipeline?

  - by SB

  Does anybody know of any modules that provide the functionality to write python or PHP code to run as hooks in the Apache request processing pipeline? For instance, mod_perl lets me write PerlModules, which can contain handlers for the header parsing phase, content delivery, and even filters. I would like to do something similar in other scripting languages. I could write it in C, but the goal is to deploy a module that would work across a number of systems. If I deliver it as binary in C, then it would require 64/32-bit versions and some other issues. With perl, I can just require certain modules installed and mod_perl2.

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• Where should "display functions" live in an MVC web app?

  - by User

  I'm using the Yii Framework which is an MVC php framework that is pretty similar to your standard web-based MVC framework. I want to display the related data from a many-to-many table as a list of strings in my view. Assuming a table schema like: tag { id, name } post { id, title, content, date } post_tag { post_id, tag_id } A post will display like: Date: 9/27/2012 Title: Some Title Content: blah blah blah... Tags: Smart Funny Cool Informative I can achieve this by doing something like this in my Post view: <?php echo join(' ', array_map(function($tag) { return $tag->name; }, $model->tags)); ?> (where $model->tags is an array of Tag objects associated with my model) My questions are: Is this amount of code/logic okay in the view? (Personally I think I'd rather just reference a property or call a single function.) If not, where should this code live? In the model? the controller? a helper? Potentially I may want to use in in other views as well. Ultimately I think its purely a display issue which would make me think it should be in the view, but then I have to repeat the code in any view I want to use it in.

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• Choosing an open source license such that maximum value is added to a startup

  - by echo-flow

  There are many companies that produce open source software products, and many business models that these companies can use. I'm particularly interested in companies like 280 North, the company behind Objective-J and Cappucino frameworks. My understanding of this organization's business model is that they: worked to develop a tool which added significant value to developers, released the tool under an open source license, built a community around the tool (which was helped by the project's open source licensing), created interesting demos illustrating the project's value All of these things added value to the project, and the company that owned it. Finally, 280 North was sold to Motorola. My question has to do with the role of software licensing in this particular business model. 280 North licensed their software projects under the LGPL, which gave them some proprietary control over how the project could be used. I believe that the LGPL is what's known as a "weak copyleft" license, meaning that the project can be linked to, without the linking code also being licensed under the LGPL; but software derived directly from the project would need to be licensed under the LGPL. For web-oriented libraries in particular, weak copyleft, or non-copyleft licensing seems to be quite common; I can't think of a single example of a popular or well-known web-oriented library that is licensed under the GPL (or AGPL). The question then, is, how much value would a weak copyleft license like the LGPL add to a software venture like 280 North, versus a non-copyleft license, such as the BSD license or the Apache Software License? I'd really appreciate any insight anyone can offer into this, but I'd be most interested in answers that can cite other companies as case studies or examples.

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• xmodmap modifications aren't enough - anything else I can do?

  - by Codemonkey

  I'm using an Apple keyboard which has some annoyances compared to other keyboards. Namely, the Alt_L and Super_L keys are swapped, and the bar and less keys are swapped ("|" and "<"). I've written an Xmodmap file to swap the keys back: keycode 49 = less greater less greater onehalf threequarters keycode 64 = Super_L NoSymbol Super_L keycode 94 = bar section bar section brokenbar paragraph keycode 108 = Super_R NoSymbol Super_R keycode 133 = Alt_L Meta_L Alt_L Meta_L keycode 134 = Alt_R Meta_R Alt_R Meta_R I did this by identifying the keys using xev and the default modmap xmodmap -pke and swapping the keycodes. xev now identifies all my keys as correct, which is awesome! I can also use the correct keys to type the bar and less than symbols. (I followed this answer on askubuntu: How do I remap certain keys?) But it seems the change isn't very deep. For instance, the Super key is now broken in the Compiz Settings Manager. No shortcuts involving the Super key works (but the Alt key does). Also the settings dialog for Gnome Do doesn't heed the changes in xmodmap, and I can't open the Gnome Do window anymore if I use any of the remapped keys. So to summarize, everything broke. I would like a deeper way of telling Ubuntu (or any other Linux distro for that matter) which keys are which on the keyboard. Is there a way to edit the Keyboard Layout directly? I'm using the Norwegian Bokmål keyboard layout. Does it reside in a file somewhere I could edit? Any comments, previous experiences or relevant stray thoughts would be greatly appreciated - Thanks

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• VNC unattended Server (No user Interaction)

  - by Louis van Tonder

  I worked on a proof on concept a while ago.... whereby I managed to get VNC going in full "unattended" mode... I.e. The VNC Server dials into the viewer... which is running in Listening mode. The same concept of how single click works, but without the user interaction. I cant seem to locate my source files for this concept I worked on... although I have found my shortcut that worked on the Viewer side to listen. "C:\Program Files\UltraVNC\vncviewer.exe" -listen 5007 /noauto /256colors I can not however remember/locate my demo of what the server is doing.... how to configure it. If I remember correctly, the server was also started with command line params that "dialed" into a remote IP/port, that the viewer is listening on. Any ideas? Thanks

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• DOSBox 8.3 filenames disagree with Windows 7

  - by wes

  When I compare a dir in DOSBox 0.74 against a dir from Windows 7 command prompt, the 8.3 filenames differ. Long format (both drives and directories): 2012-07-30_abcdefg-abcde 2012-07-30_abcdefg-abcde.7z 2012-08-06_abcdefg-abcde 2012-08-06_abcdefg-abcde.7z 2012-10-22_IIS-LogFiles 2012-10-22_IIS-LogFiles.zip 2012-11-14_selective-abcde DOSBox 0.74 (dir): 2012-0~1 2012-0~3 2012-1~1 2012-1~3 2012-0~2 7Z 2012-0~4 7Z 2012-1~2 ZIP Windows 7 (dir /x): 2012-0~1 2012-0~1.7Z 2012-0~2 2012-0~2.7Z 2012-1~1 2012-1~1.ZIP 2012-1~2 so for instance if I'm passing in a path to DOSBox, sometimes this happens and whatever I'm trying to automate will fail. Why the difference, and can I change any settings to help DOSBox generate the correct shortnames?

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• Intuitive view of what's using the hard drive so much on Windows 7?

  - by Aren Cambre

  Sometimes my hard drive usage is near 100%, and I have no idea what is causing it. Are there any utilities that can help diagnose excessive hard drive usage and have as intuitive of an interface as Task Manager's Processes tab, which I can sort by CPU usage? I am aware of using procmon, of adding columns to Task Manager's Processes tab like I/O Read Bytes and I/O Write Bytes, and using Resource Monitor's Disk tab. Too often, these don't give me useful information or clearly identify a single process that is hogging the disk.

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• What's the strengths and weaknesses of existing configuration management systems?

  - by Daniel C. Sobral

  I was looking up here for some comparisons between CFEngine, Puppet, Chef, bcfg2, AutomateIt and whatever other configuration management systems might be out there, and was very surprised I could find very little here on Server Fault. For instance, I only knew of the first three links above -- the other two I found on a related google search. So, I'm not interested in what people think is the best one, or which they like. I'd like to know the following: Configuration Management System's name. Why it was created (as opposed to using an existing solution). Relative strengths. Relative weaknesses. License. Link to project and examples.

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• Best practice for ONLY allowing MySQL access to a server?

  - by Calvin Froedge

  Here's the use case: I have a SaaS system that was built (dev environment) on a single box. I've moved everything to a cloud environment running Ubuntu 10.10. One server runs the application, the other runs the database. The basic idea is that the server that runs the database should only be accessible by the application and the administrator's machine, who both have correct RSA keys. My question: Would it be better practice to use a firewall to block access to ALL ports except MySQL, or skip firewall / iptables and just disable all other services / ports completely? Furthermore, should I run MySQL on a non-standard port? This database will hold quite sensitive information and I want to make sure I'm doing everything possible to properly safeguard it. Thanks in advance. I've been reading here for a while but this is the first question that I've asked. I'll try to answer some as well = )

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• Is Page-Loading Time Relevant?

  - by doug

  Take this (ServerFault) page for instance. It has about 20 elements. When the last of these has loaded, the page is deemed "loaded"--but not before. This is certainly the protocol used by our testing service (which is among the small group of well-known vendors that offer that sort of service). Obviously this method is based on a clear, definite endpoint--therefore it's easy to apply w/ concomitant reliability. I think it's also the metric used by the popular Firefox plugin, 'YSlow.' For my employer's website, nearly always the last-to-load items are tracking code, tracking pixels, etc., so from the user's point of view--their perception--the page was "loaded" well before it had actually loaded based on the criterion used by our testing service (15-20% is a rough estimate). I'm sure i'm not the first person to consider this nor the first to wonder if it is causing micro-optimization while ignoring overall system-level, or user-perceived performance. So my question is, are there are other more practical (yet still reasonably precise) measures of page loading time?

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• emacs keybindings

  - by Max

  I read a lot about vim and emacs and how they make you much more productive, but I didn't know which one to pick. Finally when I decided to teach myself common lisp, the decision was straight forward: everybody says that there's no better editor for common lisp, than emacs + slime. So I started with emacs tutorial and immediately I ran into something that seems very unproductive to me. I'm talking about key bindings for cursor keys: forward/backward: Ctrl+f, Ctrl+b up/down: Ctrl+p, Ctrl+n I find these bindings very strange. I assume that fingers should be on their home rows (am I wrong here?), so to move cursor forward or backward I should use my left index finger and for up and down right pinky and right index fingers. When working with any of Windows IDEs and text editors to navigate text I usually place my right hand in a position so that my thumb is on the right ctrl and my index, ring and middle fingers are on the cursor keys. From this position it is very easy and comfortable to move cursor: I can do one-character moves with my 3 right fingers, or I can press ctrl with my right thumb and do word-moves instead. Also I can press shift with my left pinky and do single-character or word selections. Also it is a very comfortable position to reach PgUp, PgDn, Home, End, Delete and Backspace keys with my right hand. So I have even more navigation and selection possibilities. I understand that the decision not to use cursor keys is to allow one to use emacs to connect to remote terminal sessions, where these keys are not supported, but I still find the choice of cursor keys very unfortunate. Why not to use j, k, i, l instead? This way I could use my right hand without much finger stretching. So how is emacs more productive? What am I doing wrong?

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• Tracking costs within one AWS account

  - by caius howcroft

  I have what I'm sure is a very common problem. Our company has many projects and groups working for different clients. We do a lot of our development work in the cloud and deploy our solutions there. We have a VPC set up that isolates projects from each other in their own subnet and that VPC is getting a hardware VPN connection back to HQ. We need to keep track of the cost run up by every project. The way I currently implement this is by providing my own tools for starting and stopping instances which log which user (and thus which project) to bill the instance too. This works okay for BoxUsage costs but not for other costs. I could create a separate account for each project and use consolidated billing, this I think would allow me to pay once but track costs per "project", but I would then not be able to share common resources (like bring account B's running instances inside the same VPC). Does anyone have any suggestions? Cheers C

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• How can I read a portion of one Minecraft world file and write it into another?

  - by RapierMother

  I'm looking to read block data from one Minecraft world and write the data into certain places in another. I have a Minecraft world, let's say "TemplateWorld", and a 2D list of Point objects. I'm developing an application that should use the x and y values of these Points as x and z reference coordinates from which to read constant-sized areas of blocks from the TemplateWorld. It should then write these blocks into another Minecraft world at constant y coordinates, with x & z coordinates determined based on each Point's index in the 2D list. The issue is that, while I've found a decent amount of information online regarding Minecraft world formats, I haven't found what I really need: more of a breakdown by hex address of where/what everything is. For example, I could have the TemplateWorld actually be a .schematic file rather than a world; I just need to be able to read the bytes of the file, know that the actual block data starts always at a certain address (or after a certain instance of FF, etc.), and how it's stored. Once I know that, it's easy as pie to just read the bytes and store them.

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• Tech Article: Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!

  - by Tori Wieldt

  A wise man once said you are not a real Java programmer until you've dealt with a null pointer exception. The null reference is the source of many problems because it is often used to denote the absence of a value. Java SE 8 introduces a new class called java.util.Optional that can alleviate some of these problems. In the tech article "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!" Java expert Raoul-Gabriel Urma shows you how to make your code more readable and protect it against null pointer exceptions. Urma explains "The purpose of Optional is not to replace every single null reference in your codebase but rather to help design better APIs in which—just by reading the signature of a method—users can tell whether to expect an optional value. In addition, Optional forces you to actively unwrap an Optional to deal with the absence of a value; as a result, you protect your code against unintended null pointer exceptions." Learn how to go from writing painful nested null checks to writing declarative code that is composable, readable, and better protected from null pointer exceptions. Read "Tired of Null Pointer Exceptions? Use Java SE 8's Optional!"

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• Interaction between two Clouds

  - by user7969

  I have setup the Cloud-A with 1 - [CLC+CC] and 2 - [NC] computers. I have another Cloud-B with same configuration. [using the Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud] Both of them working fine individually, in the same LAN. Now if I want to add the NC of Cloud-A to CC of Cloud-B, [in case the resources of Cloud-B are exhausted] how can I make it possible ? I guess this calls for the interoperability stuff... Could you please explain what happens exactly when we ask for instance, the direct interaction happens between the client and NC or it goes through the CLC and CC ? What I want to say is, say there are multiple cloud providers. A user is subscribed to any one of them, say Cloud-A for IaaS. As the requirements are dynamic, all the resources of Cloud-A may get exhausted. There may be another Cloud-B which can provide the services but that Cloud-A can't ask the client to go for Cloud-B. So if it is possible to have some co-ordination between this two providers to share resources mutually, making client fully unaware of whats going on in the background....? Please reply.. I am sorry if I'm doing mistake anywhere... Thanks in advance :)

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• How do I lower idle cpu usage in ubuntu linux? Gnome or KDE Variants

  - by Jasen

  My question comes from a kde desktop currently, but it also happens with the gnome instance. When just sitting there, with only the cpu monitor widget running. no open windows, no background processes other than the desktop, my cpu is at ~20%. I wanna know how to fix this, and possibly get better performance out of it. When running my windows side, the cpu will sit at zero, and i generally load new programs about 400ms faster. With windows 7 being as slow as it is, this is not acceptable. and the widget is only set to check every 500ms, so im almost completely sure its not the widget. My system is a Gateway nv 53 amd 2.0 ghz turion with 4 gb of installed ram, and 500 gb hd. both linux and windows are 64 bit. average ram use on either system is about 1.4 gb for just the os

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• VLC subtitle size

  - by Kayhano

  My problem is with VLC subtitle sizes. With different movie resolutions subtitle font size is same and when i make the movie fullscreen subtitles became too small or too big depending on the res. For example a movie with 360p res i use 25px for font size and then if i watch another movie with 1080p this 25px becomes too small to read. Then i had to adjust font size for each movie. Is there a setting to automatically resize the font or set a single font size for fullscreen?

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• Should I use a config file or database for storing business rules?

  - by foiseworth

  I have recently been reading The Pragmatic Programmer which states that: Details mess up our pristine code—especially if they change frequently. Every time we have to go in and change the code to accommodate some change in business logic, or in the law, or in management's personal tastes of the day, we run the risk of breaking the system—of introducing a new bug. Hunt, Andrew; Thomas, David (1999-10-20). The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master (Kindle Locations 2651-2653). Pearson Education (USA). Kindle Edition. I am currently programming a web app that has some models that have properties that can only be from a set of values, e.g. (not actual example as the web app data confidential): light-type = sphere / cube / cylinder The light type can only be the above three values but according to TPP I should always code as if they could change and place their values in a config file. As there are several incidents of this throughout the app, my question is: Should I store possibly values like these in: a config file: 'light-types' = array(sphere, cube, cylinder), 'other-type' = value, 'etc = etc-value a single table in a database with one line for each config item a database with a table for each config item (e.g. table: light_types; columns: id, name) some other way? Many thanks for any assistance / expertise offered.

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• SQL language drawbacks, The Third Manifesto

  - by David Portabella

  Sometime ago I read about SQL language drawbacks (the basic language specification, not vendor specific), and one of the drawbacks was that the language does not allow to create a set of tuples that don't come from a table. For instance, SELECT firstName, lastName from people; this creates a set of tuples coming from the table people. Now, if I don't have this table people, and I want to return a constant, I'd need something like this to return a set of two tuples (this would not require to have a table): SELECT VALUES('james', 'dean'), ('tom', 'cruisse'); Why I would need that? Because of the same reasons that we can define constants (not only basic types, but objects and arrays also) in any advanced programming language. Workarounds, Yes, I could create a temporal table, fill the data, and SELECT from that table. This is a hack, to overcome the drawbacks of the poor SQL language. I think that I read about this somewhere in "The Third Manifesto", but I don't find the paragraph/example talking about this concrete drawback anymore. Do you know a reference about it?

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• How can I deal with a difficult developer that is holding back the project? [migrated]

  - by ILovePaperTowels

  Our entire project is being held up because of one piece which is being handled by a single developer. When we did finally got the latest version of his code and started reviewing it, we found the code was horrendous! Its a relatively simply workflow, however the code is so complex that it's very difficult to step through and review/debug. The developer responsible has a hard time accepting any kind of criticism, and feels he is more knowledgeable than others members of the team. It's difficult to even talk to him about his development work because it turns into "I know what I'm talking about and you're just wrong!" type of conversation. A request has already been put in to replace this developer but management is not doing anything. This is probably because devs are in short supply where we are, and this is a corporation has a lot of office drama. I'm just one of the developers, not the project manager, however I really want to see this project succeed. What can I do in this sort of situation to try and keep the project on track?

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• Graphic Setup tune-up checklist

  - by Click Ok

  I was trying to play the game Warzone 2100 and the games runs fine, with nice speed, but the screen stays with a horizontal lines "flickering"... My PC have a integrated GeForce Go 6100 vga. Ok, not a powerfull vga, but it's not the end of the world to run a "simple" game like this (compared with another games that ask you send your eyes to purchase a expensive vga). So, I think that the problem can be of the configuration of my machine. I use it in first instance for programming jobs, so I underpay attention to video setup. I would like about a checklist to know if my PC is "ready" to games. By example, I know that I need: Lastest vga drivers Updated DirectX and OpenGL What you suggest? There is too some good programs to test performance and suggests improvements in the system? Thank you! PS: I'm using Windows 7

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• Globacom and mCentric Deploy BDA and NoSQL Database to analyze network traffic 40x faster

  - by Jean-Pierre Dijcks

  In a fast evolving market, speed is of the essence. mCentric and Globacom leveraged Big Data Appliance, Oracle NoSQL Database to save over 35,000 Call-Processing minutes daily and analyze network traffic 40x faster.  Here are some highlights from the profile: Why Oracle “Oracle Big Data Appliance works well for very large amounts of structured and unstructured data. It is the most agile events-storage system for our collect-it-now and analyze-it-later set of business requirements. Moreover, choosing a prebuilt solution drastically reduced implementation time. We got the big data benefits without needing to assemble and tune a custom-built system, and without the hidden costs required to maintain a large number of servers in our data center. A single support license covers both the hardware and the integrated software, and we have one central point of contact for support,” said Sanjib Roy, CTO, Globacom. Implementation Process It took only five days for Oracle partner mCentric to deploy Oracle Big Data Appliance, perform the software install and configuration, certification, and resiliency testing. The entire process—from site planning to phase-I, go-live—was executed in just over ten weeks, well ahead of the four months allocated to complete the project. Oracle partner mCentric leveraged Oracle Advanced Customer Support Services’ implementation methodology to ensure configurations are tailored for peak performance, all patches are applied, and software and communications are consistently tested using proven methodologies and best practices. Read the entire profile here.

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• How to quickly save what is currently shown in cmd.exe to a file

  - by Zeiga

  I am asking if there is a quick way/command to save the current standard output from cmd.exe or powershell to a file. For example, I have run a bunch of commands in cmd.exe which generating like hundreds of lines of standard output. Ideally, I am looking for a single command to do "select all" and save to a file automatically. Note: I've read this. But I don't want to change my original commands, so "" or "" redirection cannot be used in this scenario. Thanks.

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• IIS not using available memory?

  - by Herb Caudill

  Recently launched an ASP.NET site running on a single 32-bit WS2003 box (SQL on a separate server). The server has 4GB intalled, 3GB available. According to task manager, the w3wp.exe process is only using between 200-600MB. The site has tens of thousands of pages and makes heavy use of page output caching, so I would expect it to use a lot more of the available memory. The app pool isn't set to throttle memory usage. Is there anything else that might be limiting the amount of memory that IIS takes?

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