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  • What is an elegant way to solve this max and min problem in Ruby or Python?

    - by ????
    The following can be done by step by step, somewhat clumsy way, but I wonder if there are elegant method to do it. There is a page: http://www.mariowiki.com/Mario_Kart_Wii, where there are 2 tables... there is Mario - 6 2 2 3 - - Luigi 2 6 - - - - - Diddy Kong - - 3 - 3 - 5 [...] The name "Mario", etc are the Mario Kart Wii character names. The numbers are for bonus points for: Speed Weight Acceleration Handling Drift Off-Road Mini-Turbo and then there is table 2 Standard Bike S 39 21 51 51 54 43 48 Out Bullet Bike 53 24 32 35 67 29 67 In Bubble Bike / Jet Bubble 48 27 40 40 45 35 37 In [...] These are also the characteristics for the Bike or Kart. I wonder what's the most elegant solution for finding all the maximum combinations of Speed, Weight, Acceleration, etc, and also for the minimum, either by directly using the HTML on that page or copy and pasting the numbers into a text file. Actually, in that character table, Mario to Bower Jr are all medium characters, Baby Mario to Dry Bones are small characters, and the rest are all big characters, except the small, medium, or large Mii are just as what the name says. Small characters can only ride small bike or small kart, and so forth for medium and large.

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  • How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

    - by user321521
    I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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  • XSLT: generate multiple object by incrementing attribute and value

    - by Daniel
    Hi, I have a xml as below that I'd like to copy n times while incrementing one of its element and one of its attribute. XML input: <Person position=1> <name>John</name> <number>1</number> <number>1</number> </Person> and I'd like something like below with the number of increment to be a variable. XML output: <Person position=1> <name>John</name> <number>1</number> </Person> <Person position=2> <name>John</name> <number>2</number> </Person> .... <Person position=n> <name>John</name> <number>n</number> </Person> Any clue

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  • Zend Partial + Zend Action Helper causes an additional request to bootstrap?

    - by AndreLiem
    I've been profiling some zend framework code with webgrind to see where some bottle necks are and I'm noticing some very odd behavior. Using the zend partial for example, if I pass a variable value that comes from a zend action helper, it results in two requests being made. in sample.phtml echo $this->partial('partial/embed.phtml', array('url' => $this->url)); in indexcontroller.php $this->view->url = $this->_helper->Embed()->url; But if I don't pass the value from the helper to the partial, but still run the helper, it only makes one request in webgrind. e.g. $this->view->url = 'test'; $this->_helper->Embed()->url; Does anybody know why this could be happening? Am I potentially interpreting web grind incorrectly, or is it really calling the bootstrap twice when the an action helper value is tied to a partial? I'm starting to realize how inefficient some components of Zend are. Thanks

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  • Python: Most efficient way to concatenate and rearrange files

    - by user300890
    Hi, I am reading from several files, each file is divided into 2 pieces, first a header section of a few thousand lines followed by a body of a few thousand. My problem is I need to concatenate these files into one file where all the headers are on the top followed by the body. Currently I am using two loops; one to pull out all the headers and write them, and the second to write the body of each file (I also include a tmp_count variable to limit the number of lines to be loading into memory before dumping to file). This is pretty slow - about 6min for 13gb file. Can anyone tell me how to optimize this or if there is a faster way to do this in python ? Thanks! Here is my code: def cat_files_sam(final_file_name,work_directory_master,file_count): final_file = open(final_file_name,"w") if len(file_count) > 1: file_count=sort_output_files(file_count) # only for @ headers for bowtie_file in file_count: #print bowtie_file tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 for line in open(os.path.join(work_directory_master,bowtie_file)): if line.startswith("@"): if tmp_count == 1000000: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 tmp_list.append(line) tmp_count += 1 else: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) break for bowtie_file in file_count: #print bowtie_file tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 for line in open(os.path.join(work_directory_master,bowtie_file)): if line.startswith("@"): continue if tmp_count == 1000000: final_file.writelines(tmp_list) tmp_list = [] tmp_count = 0 tmp_list.append(line) tmp_count += 1 final_file.writelines(tmp_list) final_file.close()

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  • Access modifiers - Property on business objects - getting and setting

    - by Mike
    Hi, I am using LINQ to SQL for the DataAccess layer. I have similar business objects to what is in the data access layer. I have got the dataprovider getting the message #23. On instantiation of the message, in the message constructor, it gets the MessageType and makes a new instance of MessageType class and fills in the MessageType information from the database. Therefore; I want this to get the Name of the MessageType of the Message. user.Messages[23].MessageType.Name I also want an administrator to set the MessageType user.Messages[23].MessageType = MessageTypes.LoadType(3); but I don't want the user to publicly set the MessageType.Name. But when I make a new MessageType instance, the access modifier for the Name property is public because I want to set that from an external class (my data access layer). I could change this to property to internal, so that my class can access it like a public variable, and not allow my other application access to modify it. This still doesn't feel right as it seems like a public property. Are public access modifiers in this situation bad? Any tips or suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • unable to set fields of a collection-property elements after changing their order (elements becoming

    - by Jaroslav Záruba
    Hello I want to change order of objects in a collection, and then to access+modify fields of those items. Unfortunately the items somehow become 'deleted'. This is what I do... if(someCondition) { MainEvent mainEvent = pm.getObjectById(MainEvent.class, mainEventKey); /* * events in the original order * MainEvent.subEvents field is not in default fetch group, * therefore I also tried to add the named group into the * persistenceManeger fetch plan, no difference * (mainEvent is not instance of the Event sub/class BTW) */ List<Event> subEvents = mainEvent.getSubEvents(); // re-arrange the events according to keysOrdered { Map<Key, Event> eventMap = new HashMap<Key, Event>(); for(Event event : subEvents) eventMap.put(event.getKey(), event); List<Event> eventsOrdered = new LinkedList<Event>(); for(Key eventKey : keysOrdered) eventsOrdered.add(eventMap.put(eventKey, eventMap.get(eventKey))); // } // put the re-arranged items back into the collection property { subEvents.clear(); subEvents.addAll(eventsOrdered); // } pm.makePersistent(mainEvent); eventsOrdered = subEvents; } else eventsOrdered = getEventsUsingAlternateApproach(); /* * so by now the mainEvent variable does not exist; * could it be this lead the persistence manager to mark * my events as abandoned/obsolete/invalid/deleted...? */ for(Event event : eventsOrdered) event.setDate(new Date()); // -> "Cannot write fields to a deleted object" What am I doing wrong please?

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  • Passing PHP variables trough functions?

    - by Mateus Nunes
    I'm facing some troubles to pass php variables value trough functions,every time i try to use a variable inside one of my functions its value becomes nil,let me be more specific.I have the following code in my php file: $myvar = $Session['username']; function updateuserinformation(){ if(trim($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]) != ""){ $images = $_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]; $new_images = "thumbnails_".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]; copy($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"],"Photos/".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]); $width=200; //*** Fix Width & Heigh (Autu caculate) ***// $size=GetimageSize($images); $height=round($width*$size[1]/$size[0]); $images_orig = ImageCreateFromJPEG($images); $photoX = ImagesX($images_orig); $photoY = ImagesY($images_orig); $images_fin = ImageCreateTrueColor($width, $height); ImageCopyResampled($images_fin, $images_orig, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width+1, $height+1, $photoX, $photoY); ImageJPEG($images_fin,"Photos/".$new_images); ImageDestroy($images_orig); ImageDestroy($images_fin); print $data["foo"]; echo"$myvar"; mysql_query("UPDATE users SET userpictureaddress = 'http://www.litsdevelopment.com/litsapplication/userimages/MATEUS' WHERE username = 'Mateus' "); } } I trying to use the $myvar value in my function but every time i run the code it just doesn't work,i've already tried global,globals,arrays and session for nothing worked.Of corse i'm making a little mistake in some part of it,but anyone know what is the correct way to do this?

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  • Can I avoid explicitly casting objects with a common subclass?

    - by prendio2
    I have an iPodLibraryGroup object and Artist and Album both inherit from it. When it comes to my view controllers though I find that I'm duplicate lots of code, for example I have an ArtistListViewController and and AlbumListViewController even though they're both doing basically the same thing. The reason I've ended up duplicating the code is because these view controllers each refer to either an Artist object or al Album object and I'm not sure how to set it up so that one view controller could handle both — these view controllers are mainly accessing methods that that the objects have in common from iPodLibraryGroup. As an example, to hopefully make this clearer consider this code in AlbumListViewController: - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { Album *album = nil; album = [self albumForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath inTableView:tableView]; … if (!album.thumbnail) { [self startThumbnailDownload:album forIndexPath:indexPath inTableView:tableView]; cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Placeholder.png"]; } else { cell.imageView.image = album.thumbnail; } return cell; } This is essentially completely repeated (along with a hell of a lot more repeated code) in ArtistListViewController just so that I can typecast the local variable as an Artist instead of an Album. Is there a way to not explicitly need to set Artist or Album here so that the same code could work for any object that is a child of iPodLibraryGroup?

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  • Common Lisp condition system for transfer of control

    - by Ken
    I'll admit right up front that the following is a pretty terrible description of what I want to do. Apologies in advance. Please ask questions to help me explain. :-) I've written ETLs in other languages that consist of individual operations that look something like: // in class CountOperation IEnumerable<Row> Execute(IEnumerable<Row> rows) { var count = 0; foreach (var row in rows) { row["record number"] = count++; yield return row; } } Then you string a number of these operations together, and call The Dispatcher, which is responsible for calling Operations and pushing data between them. I'm trying to do something similar in Common Lisp, and I want to use the same basic structure, i.e., each operation is defined like a normal function that inputs a list and outputs a list, but lazily. I can define-condition a condition (have-value) to use for yield-like behavior, and I can run it in a single loop, and it works great. I'm defining the operations the same way, looping through the inputs: (defun count-records (rows) (loop for count from 0 for row in rows do (signal 'have-value :value `(:count ,count @,row)))) The trouble is if I want to string together several operations, and run them. My first attempt at writing a dispatcher for these looks something like: (let ((next-op ...)) ;; pick an op from the set of all ops (loop (handler-bind ((have-value (...))) ;; records output from operation (setq next-op ...) ;; pick a new next-op (call next-op))) But restarts have only dynamic extent: each operation will have the same restart names. The restart isn't a Lisp object I can store, to store the state of a function: it's something you call by name (symbol) inside the handler block, not a continuation you can store for later use. Is it possible to do something like I want here? Or am I better off just making each operation function explicitly look at its input queue, and explicitly place values on the output queue?

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  • Best practice for inserting large chunks of HTML into elements with Javscript?

    - by hamstar
    Hey guys. I'm building a web application (using prototype) at the moment that requires the addition of large chunks of HTML into the DOM. Most of these are rows that contain elements with all manner of attributes. Currently I keep a blank row of html in a variable and var blankRow = '<tr><td>' +'<a href="{LINK}" onclick="someFunc(\'{STRING}\');">{WORD}</a>' +'</td></tr>'; function insertRow(o) { newRow = blankRow .sub('{LINK}',o.link) .sub('{STRING}',o.string) .sub('{WORD}',o.word); $('tbodyElem').insert( newRow ); } Now that works all well and dandy, but is it the best practice? I have to update the code in the blankRow when I update code on the page, so the new elements being inserted are the same. It gets sucky when I have like 40 lines of HTML to go in a blankRow and then I have to escape it too. Is there an easier way? I was thinking of urlencoding and then decoding it before insertion but that would still mean a blankRow and lots of escaping. What would be mean would be a eof function a la PHP et al. $blankRow = <<<EOF text text EOF; That would mean no escaping but it would still need a blankRow. What do you do in this situation?

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  • Corrupt UTF-8 Characters with PHP 5.2.10 and MySQL 5.0.81

    - by jkndrkn
    We have an application hosted on both a local development server and a live site. We are experiencing UTF-8 corruption issues and are looking to figure out how to resolve them. The system is run using symfony 1.0 with Propel. On our development server, we are running PHP 5.2.0 and MySQL 5.0.32. We do not experience corrupted UTF-8 characters there. On our live site, PHP 5.2.10 and MySQL 5.0.81 is running. On that server, certain characters such as ô´ and S are corrupted once they are stored in the database. The corrupted characters are showing up as either question marks or approximations of the original character with adjacent question marks. Examples of corruption: Uncorrupted: ô´ Corrupted: ô? Uncorrupted: S Corrupted: ? We are currently using the following techniques on both development and live servers: Executing the following queries prior to execution of any other queries: SET NAMES 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_unicode_ci' SET CHARSET 'utf8' Setting the <meta> Content-Type value to: <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> Adding the following to our .htaccess file: AddDefaultCharset utf-8 Using mb_* (multibyte) PHP functions where necessary. Being sure to set database columns to use utf8_unicode_ci collation. These techniques are sufficient for our development site, but do not work on the live site. On the live site I've also tried adding mysql_set_encoding('ut8', $mysql_connection) but this does not help either. I have found some evidence that newer versions of PHP and MySQL are mishandling UTF-8 character encodings.

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  • Getting base address of a process

    - by yoni0505
    I'm trying to make a program that read the timer value from Minesweeper. (OS is windows 7 64bit) Using cheat engine I found the base address of the variable, but it changes every time I run Minesweeper. What do I need to do to find out the base address automatically? Does it have something to do with the executable base address? Here's my code: #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { DWORD baseAddress = 0xFF1DAA38;//always changing DWORD offset1 = 0x18; DWORD offset2 = 0x20; DWORD pAddress1; DWORD pAddress2; float value = 0; DWORD pid; HWND hwnd; hwnd = FindWindow(NULL,"Minesweeper"); if(!hwnd)//didn't find the window { cout <<"Window not found!\n"; cin.get(); } else { GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd,&pid); HANDLE phandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_VM_READ,0,pid);//get permission to read if(!phandle)//failed to get permission { cout <<"Could not get handle!\n"; cin.get(); } else { ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(baseAddress),&pAddress1,sizeof(pAddress1),0); ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(pAddress1 + offset1),&pAddress2,sizeof(pAddress2),0); while(1) { ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(pAddress2 + offset2),&value,sizeof(value),0); cout << value << "\n"; Sleep(1000); } } } }

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  • How to use VBA to colour pie chart

    - by Timon Heinomann
    I have the following code in which the code tries to create a bubble chart with pie charts as the bubbles. As in this version colour themes are used to create a different colour in each pie chart (bulbble) in the function part I have the problem that it works depending on the paths to the colour paletts. Is there an easy way to make the function in a way that it works independently of those paths either by coding a colour for each pie chart segment or by using standardize paths (probably not possible, not preferable). Sub PieMarkers() Dim chtMarker As Chart Dim chtMain As Chart Dim intPoint As Integer Dim rngRow As Range Dim lngPointIndex As Long Dim thmColor As Long Dim myTheme As String Application.ScreenUpdating = False Set chtMarker = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMarker").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set rngRow = Range(ThisWorkbook.Names("PieChartValues").RefersTo) For Each rngRow In Range("PieChartValues").Rows chtMarker.SeriesCollection(1).Values = rngRow ThisWorkbook.Theme.ThemeColorScheme.Load GetColorScheme(thmColor) chtMarker.Parent.CopyPicture xlScreen, xlPicture lngPointIndex = lngPointIndex + 1 chtMain.SeriesCollection(1).Points(lngPointIndex).Paste thmColor = thmColor + 1 Next lngPointIndex = 0 Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub Function GetColorScheme(i As Long) As String Const thmColor1 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Blue Green.xml" Const thmColor2 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Orange Red.xml" Select Case i Mod 2 Case 0 GetColorScheme = thmColor1 Case 1 GetColorScheme = thmColor2 End Select End Function The code copies a single chart again and again on the bubbles. So I woudl like to alter the Function (now called Get colourscheme) into a fucntion that assigns a a unqiue rgb colour to each segment of each pie chart

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  • Java - How to declare table[i][j] elements as instance variables?

    - by JDelage
    All, I am trying to code a Connect4 game. For this, I have created a P4Game class and a P4Board class which represents the i X j dimensions of the Connect4 board. In P4Game, I have the following: public class P4Game{ //INSTANCE VARIABLES private int nbLines; private int nbColumns; private P4Board [][] position; //CONSTRUCTOR public P4Game(int nbLines, int nbColumns){ this.nbColumns = nbColumns; this.nbLines = nbLines; P4Board [][] position = new P4Board [nbLines][nbColumns]; //Creates the table to receive the instances of the P4Board object.*/ for (int i=0; i<nbLines; i++){ for (int j=0; j<nbColumns; j++){ this.position[i][j] = new P4Board(i,j); //Meant to create each object at (line=i, column=j) } } } This causes a NullPointerException in the nested loops where I mention this.position[i][j]. I reference those objects in other methods of this class so I need them to be instance variables. I suppose the exception is due to the fact that I have not listed the table element position[i][j] as an instance variable at the beginning of the class. my question to people here is (1) is my assumption correct, and if so (2) what would be the syntax to declare instance variables of this form? Thank you all for your help with what I realize is a very basic question. Hopefully it will also benefit other newbies. Cheers, JDelage

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  • Python - Things one MUST avoid

    - by Anurag Uniyal
    Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? 1 Mutable default arguments 2 import modules always same way e.g. 'from y import x' and 'import x' are totally different things actually they are treated as different modules see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1459236/module-reimported-if-imported-from-different-path 3 Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, so things like this will fail, so wrap it by list myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange e.g myIndexList == xrange(3). 4 Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, instead use try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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  • C++: best way to implement globally scoped data

    - by bobobobo
    I'd like to make program-wide data in a C++ program, without running into pesky LNK2005 errors when all the source files #includes this "global variable repository" file. I have 2 ways to do it in C++, and I'm asking which way is better. The easiest way to do it in C# is just public static members. C#: public static class DataContainer { public static Object data1 ; public static Object data2 ; } In C++ you can do the same thing C++ global data way#1: class DataContainer { public: static Object data1 ; static Object data2 ; } ; Object DataContainer::data1 ; Object DataContainer::data2 ; However there's also extern C++ global data way #2: class DataContainer { public: Object data1 ; Object data2 ; } ; extern DataContainer * dataContainer ; // instantiate in .cpp file In C++ which is better, or possibly another way which I haven't thought about? The solution has to not cause LNK2005 "object already defined" errors.

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  • architecture and tools for a remote control application?

    - by slothbear
    I'm working on the design of a remote control application. From my iPhone or a web browser, I'll send a few commands. Soon my home computer will perform the commands and send back results. I know there are remote desktop apps, but I want something programmable, something simpler, and something that I wrote. My current direction is to use Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) as the message bus. The iPhone places some messages in a queue. My local Java/JRuby program notices the messages on the queue, performs the work and sends back status via a different queue. This will be a very low-volume application. At $1.00 for a million requests (plus a handful of data transfer charges), Amazon SQS looks a lot more affordable than having my own server of any type. And super reliable, that's important for me too. Are there better/standard toolkits or architectures for this kind of remote control? Cost is not a big issue, but I prefer the tons I learn by doing it myself. I'm moderately concerned about security, but doubt it will be a problem. The list of commands recognized will be very short, and only recognized in specific contexts. No "erase hard drive" stuff. update: I'll probably distribute these programs to some other people who want the same function, but who don't have Amazon SQS accounts. For now, they'll use anonymous access to my queues, with random 80-character queue names.

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  • replace a random word of a string with a random replacement

    - by tpickett
    I am developing a script that takes an article, searches the article for a "keyword" and then randomly replaces that keyword with an anchor link. I have the script working as it should, however I need to be able to have an array of "replacements" for the function to loop through and insert at the random location. So the first random position would get anchor link #1. The second random position would get anchor link #2. The third random position would get anchor link #3. etc... I found half of the answer to my question here: PHP replace a random word of a string public function replace_random ($str, $search, $replace, $n) { // Get all occurences of $search and their offsets within the string $count = preg_match_all('/\b'.preg_quote($search, '/').'\b/', $str, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE); // Get string length information so we can account for replacement strings that are of a different length to the search string $searchLen = strlen($search); $diff = strlen($replace) - $searchLen; $offset = 0; // Loop $n random matches and replace them, if $n < 1 || $n > $count, replace all matches $toReplace = ($n < 1 || $n > $count) ? array_keys($matches[0]) : (array) array_rand($matches[0], $n); foreach ($toReplace as $match) { $str = substr($str, 0, $matches[0][$match][1] + $offset).$replace.substr($str, $matches[0][$match][1] + $searchLen + $offset); $offset += $diff; } return $str; } So my question is, How can i alter this function to accept an array for the $replace variable?

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  • Glob() filesearch, question

    - by Peter
    Hi, a little question. I have this code, which is works perfect for files, but If am trying search on a directory name, the result is blank. How I can fix that? <?php function listdirs($dir,$search) { static $alldirs = array(); $dirs = glob($dir."*"); foreach ($dirs as $d){ if(is_file($d)){ $filename = pathinfo($d); if(eregi($search,$filename['filename'])){ print "<a href=http://someurl.com/" . $d .">". $d . "</a><br/>"; } }else{ listdirs($d."/",$search); } } } $path = "somedir/"; $search= "test"; listdirs($path,$search); ?> somedir/test/ result: blank (I want: /somedir/test/) somedir/test/test.txt result: OK I want to search also in the directory names, how I can do that?

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  • Deeply nested subqueries for traversing trees in MySQL

    - by nickf
    I have a table in my database where I store a tree structure using the hybrid Nested Set (MPTT) model (the one which has lft and rght values) and the Adjacency List model (storing parent_id on each node). my_table (id, parent_id, lft, rght, alias) This question doesn't relate to any of the MPTT aspects of the tree but I thought I'd leave it in in case anyone had a good idea about how to leverage that. I want to convert a path of aliases to a specific node. For example: "users.admins.nickf" would find the node with alias "nickf" which is a child of one with alias "admins" which is a child of "users" which is at the root. There is a unique index on (parent_id, alias). I started out by writing the function so it would split the path to its parts, then query the database one by one: SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` IS NULL AND `alias` = 'users';-- 1 SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `alias` = 'admins'; -- 8 SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` = 8 AND `alias` = 'nickf'; -- 37 But then I realised I could do it with a single query, using a variable amount of nesting: SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` = ( SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` = ( SELECT `id` FROM `my_table` WHERE `parent_id` IS NULL AND `alias` = 'users' ) AND `alias` = 'admins' ) AND `alias` = 'nickf'; Since the number of sub-queries is dependent on the number of steps in the path, am I going to run into issues with having too many subqueries? (If there even is such a thing) Are there any better/smarter ways to perform this query?

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  • Varchar columns: Nullable or not.

    - by NYSystemsAnalyst
    The database development standards in our organization state the varchar fields should not allow null values. They should have a default value of an empty string (""). I know this makes querying and concatenation easier, but today, one of my coworkers questioned me about why that standard only existed for varchar types an not other datatypes (int, datetime, etc). I would like to know if others consider this to be a valid, defensible standard, or if varchar should be treated the same as fields of other data types? I believe this standard is valid for the following reason: I believe that an empty string and null values, though technically different, are conceptually the same. An empty, zero length string is a string that does not exist. It has no value. However, a numeric value of 0 is not the same as NULL. For example, if a field called OutstandingBalance has a value of 0, it means there are $0.00 remaining. However, if the same field is NULL, that means the value is unknown. On the other hand, a field called CustomerName with a value of "" is basically the same as a value of NULL because both represent the non-existence of the name. I read somewhere that an analogy for an empty string vs. NULL is that of a blank CD vs. no CD. However, I believe this to be a false analogy because a blank CD still phyically exists and still has physical data space that does not have any meaningful data written to it. Basically, I believe a blank CD is the equivalent of a string of blank spaces (" "), not an empty string. Therefore, I believe a string of blank spaces to be an actual value separate from NULL, but an empty string to be the absense of value conceptually equivalent to NULL. Please let me know if my beliefs regarding variable length strings are valid, or please enlighten me if they are not. I have read several blogs / arguments regarding this subject, but still do not see a true conceptual difference between NULLs and empty strings.

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  • Coding Practices which enable the compiler/optimizer to make a faster program.

    - by EvilTeach
    Many years ago, C compilers were not particularly smart. As a workaround K&R invented the register keyword, to hint to the compiler, that maybe it would be a good idea to keep this variable in an internal register. They also made the tertiary operator to help generate better code. As time passed, the compilers matured. They became very smart in that their flow analysis allowing them to make better decisions about what values to hold in registers than you could possibly do. The register keyword became unimportant. FORTRAN can be faster than C for some sorts of operations, due to alias issues. In theory with careful coding, one can get around this restriction to enable the optimizer to generate faster code. What coding practices are available that may enable the compiler/optimizer to generate faster code? Identifying the platform and compiler you use, would be appreciated. Why does the technique seem to work? Sample code is encouraged. Here is a related question [Edit] This question is not about the overall process to profile, and optimize. Assume that the program has been written correctly, compiled with full optimization, tested and put into production. There may be constructs in your code that prohibit the optimizer from doing the best job that it can. What can you do to refactor that will remove these prohibitions, and allow the optimizer to generate even faster code? [Edit] Offset related link

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  • How do I establish table association in JPA / Hibernate with existing database?

    - by Paperino
    Currently I have two tables in my database Encounters and Referrals: There is a one to many relationship between these two tables. Currently they are linked together with foreign keys. Right now I have public class Encounter extends JPASupport implements java.io.Serializable { @Column(name="referralid", unique=false, nullable=true, insertable=true, updatable=true) public Integer referralid; } But what I really want is public class Encounter extends JPASupport implements java.io.Serializable { .......... @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST) public Set<Referrals> referral; ............ } So that I can eventually do a query like this: List<Encounter> cases = Encounter.find( "select distinct p from Encounter p join p.referrals as t where t.caseid =103" ).fetch(); How do I tell JPA that even though I have non-standard column names for my foreign keys and primary keys that its the object models that I want linked, not simply the integer value for the keys? Does this make sense? I hope so. Thanks in advanced!

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  • UTF-8 MySQL and Charset, pls help me understand this once and for all!

    - by FFish
    Can someone explain me when I set everything to UTF-8 I keep getting those damn ??? MySQL Server version: 5.1.44 MySQL charset: UTF-8 Unicode (utf8) I create a new database name: utf8test collation: utf8_general_ci MySQL connection collation: utf8_general_ci My SQL looks like this: SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO"; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `test_table` ( `test_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `test_text` text NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`test_id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO `test_table` (`test_id`, `test_text`) VALUES (1, 'hééélo'), (2, 'wööörld'); My PHP / HTML: <?php $db_conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "") or die("Can't connect to db"); mysql_select_db("utf8test", $db_conn) or die("Can't select db"); // $result = mysql_query("set names 'utf8'"); // this works... why?? $query = "SELECT * FROM test_table"; $result = mysql_query($query); $output = ""; while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) { $output .= "id: " . $row['test_id'] . " - text: " . $row['test_text'] . "<br />"; } ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html lang="it" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="it"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>UTF-8 test</title> </head> <body> <?php echo $output; ?> </body> </html>

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