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• Is my objective possible using WCF (and is it the right way to do things?)

  - by David

  I'm writing some software that modifies a Windows Server's configuration (things like MS-DNS, IIS, parts of the filesystem). My design has a server process that builds an in-memory object graph of the server configuration state and a client which requests this object graph. The server would then serialize the graph, send it to the client (presumably using WCF), the server then makes changes to this graph and sends it back to the server. The server receives the graph and proceeds to make modifications to the server. However I've learned that object-graph serialisation in WCF isn't as simple as I first thought. My objects have a hierarchy and many have parametrised-constructors and immutable properties/fields. There are also numerous collections, arrays, and dictionaries. My understanding of WCF serialisation is that it requires use of either the XmlSerializer or DataContractSerializer, but DCS places restrictions on the design of my object-graph (immutable data seems right-out, it also requires parameter-less constructors). I understand XmlSerializer lets me use my own classes provided they implement ISerializable and have the de-serializer constructor. That is fine by me. I spoke to a friend of mine about this, and he advocates going for a Data Transport Object-only route, where I'd have to maintain a separate DataContract object-graph for the transport of data and re-implement my server objects on the client. Another friend of mine said that because my service only has two operations ("GetServerConfiguration" and "PutServerConfiguration") it might be worthwhile just skipping WCF entirely and implementing my own server that uses Sockets. So my questions are: Has anyone faced a similar problem before and if so, are there better approaches? Is it wise to send an entire object graph to the client for processing? Should I instead break it down so that the client requests a part of the object graph as it needs it and sends only bits that have changed (thus reducing concurrency-related risks?)? If sending the object-graph down is the right way, is WCF the right tool? And if WCF is right, what's the best way to get WCF to serialise my object graph?

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• SIGABRT on iPhone when changing xib

  - by Boz

  I've just finished off an app for the iPhone which, until today, ran fine on the iPhone simulator and actual devices. I tried changing the xib which is loaded in the applicationDidFinishLaunching method in my application delegate class - all I did was change the string in initWithNibName. When I launch the app on the simulator, the Default.png image is shown, then the app crashes with an uncaught exception. When running on a device, the Default.png image is shown for about 10 seconds, the UI is never loaded and I get 'GDB: Program received signal: "SIGABRT".' on the Xcode status bar. Debugging shows that applicationDidFinishLaunching is never actually reached before the app crashes. Setting the starting xib back to the original solves the issue, but now I've made a change and saved it in the Interface Builder and the app shows the same issues as above - I've made no code changes at all. Is this a memory issue, or a known issue of a common mistake? NOTE: I've made no code changes whatsoever, and the only changes I've made to the xib are cosmetic, the IBOutlets are all intact.

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• Loading Jscript files into Firefox extension

  - by colon3l

  Hi ! Let's get directly to the problem : I'm actually doing a firefox extension in which i would like to implement the jWebsocket API in order to build a small chat. I got my main script file, named test.js, and the jWebsocket lib into a js folder. Just for you to know, this is my first firefox extension ever. So in my XUL file I got this (for the script part only of course, the interface code is not shown) : <overlay id="test-overlay" xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul"> <script type="application/x-javascript" src="chrome://test/content/test.js" /> <script type="application/x-javascript" src="chrome://test/content/js/jwebsocket.js" /> jwebsocket.js being the file I need to call according to jWebsocket website. In my main script file test.js I start with : if (jws.browserSupportsWebSockets()) { jWebSocketClient = new jws.jWebSocketJSONClient(); } else { var lMsg = jws.MSG_WS_NOT_SUPPORTED; alert(lMsg); } jws being the namespace created into the jwebsocket.js file. Of course I've got the required stand-alone server running in background, and working. So from what I understood looking on various websites, is that if a js file is loaded into the javascript allocated memory space (with the tag), all namespace/function should be available between each file. But this was mostly for HTML-oriented issues, so I'm not sure if it applies to XUL/Firefox environment. But the script keep failing at the first jws call. Any ideas on what goes wrong here ? I'm stuck for 2 days now :/

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• Are there pitfalls to using static class/event as an application message bus

  - by Doug Clutter

  I have a static generic class that helps me move events around with very little overhead: public static class MessageBus<T> where T : EventArgs { public static event EventHandler<T> MessageReceived; public static void SendMessage(object sender, T message) { if (MessageReceived != null) MessageReceived(sender, message); } } To create a system-wide message bus, I simply need to define an EventArgs class to pass around any arbitrary bits of information: class MyEventArgs : EventArgs { public string Message { get; set; } } Anywhere I'm interested in this event, I just wire up a handler: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoSomething(); Likewise, triggering the event is just as easy: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.SendMessage(this, new MyEventArgs() {Message="hi mom"}); Using MessageBus and a custom EventArgs class lets me have an application wide message sink for a specific type of message. This comes in handy when you have several forms that, for example, display customer information and maybe a couple forms that update that information. None of the forms know about each other and none of them need to be wired to a static "super class". I have a couple questions: fxCop complains about using static methods with generics, but this is exactly what I'm after here. I want there to be exactly one MessageBus for each type of message handled. Using a static with a generic saves me from writing all the code that would maintain the list of MessageBus objects. Are the listening objects being kept "alive" via the MessageReceived event? For instance, perhaps I have this code in a Form.Load event: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoReload(); When the Form is Closed, is the Form being retained in memory because MessageReceived has a reference to its DoReload method? Should I be removing the reference when the form closes: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived -= (s,e) => DoReload();

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• Technical choices in unmarshaling hash-consed data

  - by Pascal Cuoq

  There seems to be quite a bit of folklore knowledge floating about in restricted circles about the pitfalls of hash-consing combined with marshaling-unmarshaling of data. I am looking for citable references to these tidbits. For instance, someone once pointed me to library aterm and mentioned that the authors had clearly thought about this and that the representation on disk was bottom-up (children of a node come before the node itself in the data stream). This is indeed the right way to do things when you need to re-share each node (with a possible identical node already in memory). This re-sharing pass needs to be done bottom-up, so the unmarshaling itself might as well be, too, so that it's possible to do everything in a single pass. I am in the process of describing difficulties encountered in our own context, and the solutions we found. I would appreciate any citable reference to the kind of aforementioned folklore knowledge. Some people obviously have encountered the problems before (the aterm library is only one example). But I didn't find anything in writing. Even the little piece of information I have about aterm is hear-say. I am not worried it's not reliable (you can't make this up), but "personal communication" and "look how it's done in the source code" are considered poor form in citations. I have enough references on hash-consing alone. I am only interested in references where it interferes with other aspects of programming, such as marshaling or distribution.

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• Associating an object with another object for GC clearup

  - by thecoop

  Is there any way of associating an object instance (object A) with a second object (object B) in a generalised way, so that when B gets collected A becomes eligable for collection? The same behaviour that would happen if B had an instance variable pointing to A, but without explicitly changing the class definition of B, and being able to do this in a dynamic way? The same sort of effect could be done by using the Component.Disposed event in a funky way, but I don't want to make B disposable EDIT I'm basically creating a cache of objects that are associated with a single 'root' object, and I don't want the cache to be static, as there can be lots of root objects using different caches, so lots of memory will be used up when a root object is no longer used but the cached objects are still around. So, I want a collection of cached objects to be associated with each 'root' object, without changing the root object definition. Sort of like metadata of an extra object reference attached to each root object instance. That way, each collection will get collected when the root object is collected, and not hang around like they would if a static cache was used.

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• Please critique this method

  - by Jakob

  Hi I've been looking around the net for some tab button close functionality, but all those solutions had some complicated eventhandler, and i wanted to try and keep it simple, but I might have broken good code ethics doing so, so please review this method and tell me what is wrong. public void AddCloseItem(string header, object content){ //Create tabitem with header and content StackPanel headerPanel = new StackPanel() { Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal, Height = 14}; headerPanel.Children.Add(new TextBlock() { Text = header }); Button closeBtn = new Button() { Content = new Image() { Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("images/cross.png", UriKind.Relative)) }, Margin = new Thickness() { Left = 10 } }; headerPanel.Children.Add(closeBtn); TabItem newTabItem = new TabItem() { Header = headerPanel, Content = content }; //Add close button functionality closeBtn.Tag = newTabItem; closeBtn.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(closeBtn_Click); //Add item to list this.Add(newTabItem); } void closeBtn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { this.Remove((TabItem)((Button)sender).Tag); } So what I'm doing is storing the tabitem in the btn.Tag property, and then when the button is clicked i just remove the tabitem from my observablecollection, and the UI is updated appropriately. Am I using too much memory saving the tabitem to the Tag property?

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• Passing in a lambda to a Where statement

  - by sonicblis

  I noticed today that if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2); items = items.Where(i => i.Property > 4); Once I access the items var, it executes only the first line as the data call and then does the second call in memory. However, if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2).Where(i => i.Property > 4); I get only one expression executed against the context that includes both where statements. I have a host of variables that I want to use to build the expression for the linq lambda, but their presence or absence changes the expression such that I'd have to have a rediculous number of conditionals to satisfy all cases. I thought I could just add the Where() statements as in my first example above, but that doesn't end up in a single expression that contains all of the criteria. Therefore, I'm trying to create just the lambda itself as such: //bogus syntax if (var1 == "something") var expression = Expression<Func<item, bool>>(i => i.Property == "Something); if (var2 == "somethingElse") expression = expression.Where(i => i.Property2 == "SomethingElse"); And then pass that in to the where of my context.Items to evaluate. A) is this right, and B) if so, how do you do it?

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• How memset initializes an array of integers by -1?

  - by haccks

  The manpage says about memset: #include <string.h> void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n) The memset() function fills the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s with the constant byte c. It is clear that memset can't be used to initialize int array as shown below: int a[10]; memset(a, 1, sizeof(a)); it is because int is represented by 4 bytes (say) and one can not get the desired value for the integers in array a. But I often see the programmers use memset to set the int array elements to either 0 or -1. int a[10]; int b[10]; memset(a, 0, sizeof(a)); memset(b, -1, sizeof(b)); As per my understanding, initializing with integer 0 is OK because 0 can be represented in 1 byte (may be I am wrong in this context). But how it is possible to initialize b with -1 (a 4 bytes value)?

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• Thoughts on GoGrid vs EC2

  - by Jason

  I am currently hosting my SaaS application at GoGrid (Microsoft stack). Here's what I have: Database Server - physical box, 12 GB RAM, 2 X Quad Core CPU (2.13 GHz Xeon E5506) 2 Web / App servers - cloud servers, 2 GB RAM, 2 VCPUs 300 GB monthly bandwidth I am paying around $900 / month for this. My web / app servers are busting at the seams and need to be upgraded to 4 GB of RAM. I also need a firewall, and GoGrid just added this service for an additional $200. After the upgrade, I will be paying around $1,400. I started looking at Amazon EC2, specifically this config: Database server - "High Memory Double Extra Large Instance" - 34 GB RAM, 13 EC2 compute units 2 Web / App servers - "Large Instance" - 7.5 GB RAM, 4 EC2 compute units If I go with 1 year reserved instances, my upfront cost would be $4,500 and my monthly would be $700. This comes to $1,075 / month when amortized. Amazon also includes a firewall for free. Here are my questions: Do any of you have experience running a database (especially SQL Server) on an EC2 instance? How did it perform compared to a dedicated machine? One of my major concerns is with disk I/O. Amazon's description of a compute unit is fairly vague. Any ideas on how the CPU performance on the database servers would compare? I am hoping that the Amazon solution will provide significantly better performance than my current or even improved GoGrid setup. Having a virtual database server would also be nice in terms of availability. Right now I would be in serious trouble if I had any hardware issues. Thanks for any insight...

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• C# creating a Class, having objects as member variables? I think the objects are garbage collecte

  - by Bryan

  So I have a class that has the following member variables. I have get and set functions for every piece of data in this class. public class NavigationMesh { public Vector3 node; int weight; bool isWall; bool hasTreasure; public NavigationMesh(int x, int y, int z, bool setWall, bool setTreasure) { //default constructor //Console.WriteLine(x + " " + y + " " + z); node = new Vector3(x, y, z); //Console.WriteLine(node.X + " " + node.Y + " " + node.Z); isWall = setWall; hasTreasure = setTreasure; weight = 1; }// end constructor public float getX() { Console.WriteLine(node.X); return node.X; } public float getY() { Console.WriteLine(node.Y); return node.Y; } public float getZ() { Console.WriteLine(node.Z); return node.Z; } public bool getWall() { return isWall; } public void setWall(bool item) { isWall = item; } public bool getTreasure() { return hasTreasure; } public void setTreasure(bool item) { hasTreasure = item; } public int getWeight() { return weight; } }// end class In another class, I have a 2-Dim array that looks like this NavigationMesh[,] mesh; mesh = new NavigationMesh[502,502]; I use a double for loop to assign this, my problem is I cannot get the data I need out of the Vector3 node object after I create this object in my array with my "getters". I've tried making the Vector3 a static variable, however I think it refers to the last instance of the object. How do I keep all of these object in memory? I think there being garbage collected. Any thoughts?

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• Several Objective-C objects become Invalid for no reason, sometimes.

  - by farnsworth

  - (void)loadLocations { NSString *url = @"<URL to a text file>"; NSStringEncoding enc = NSUTF8StringEncoding; NSString *locationString = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url] usedEncoding:&enc error:nil]; NSArray *lines = [locationString componentsSeparatedByString:@"\n"]; for (int i=0; i<[lines count]; i++) { NSString *line = [lines objectAtIndex:i]; NSArray *components = [line componentsSeparatedByString:@", "]; Restaurant *res = [byID objectForKey:[components objectAtIndex:0]]; if (res) { NSString *resAddress = [components objectAtIndex:3]; NSArray *loc = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[components objectAtIndex:1], [components objectAtIndex:2]]; [res.locationCoords setObject:loc forKey:resAddress]; } else { NSLog([[components objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingString:@" res id not found."]); } } } There are a few weird things happening here. First, at the two lines where the NSArray lines is used, this message is printed to the console- *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[NSCFDictionary count]: method sent to an uninitialized mutable dictionary object' which is strange since lines is definitely not an NSMutableDictionary, definitely is initialized, and because the app doesn't crash. Also, at random points in the loop, all of the variables that the debugger can see will become Invalid. Local variables, property variables, everything. Then after a couple lines they will go back to their original values. setObject:forKey never has an effect on res.locationCoords, which is an NSMutableDictionary. I'm sure that res, res.locationCoords, and byId are initialized. I also tried adding a retain or copy to lines, same thing. I'm sure there's a basic memory management principle I'm missing here but I'm at a loss.

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• Divide and conquer of large objects for GC performance

  - by Aperion

  At my work we're discussing different approaches to cleaning up a large amount of managed ~50-100MB memory.There are two approaches on the table (read: two senior devs can't agree) and not having the experience the rest of the team is unsure of what approach is more desirable, performance or maintainability. The data being collected is many small items, ~30000 which in turn contains other items, all objects are managed. There is a lot of references between these objects including event handlers but not to outside objects. We'll call this large group of objects and references as a single entity called a blob. Approach #1: Make sure all references to objects in the blob are severed and let the GC handle the blob and all the connections. Approach #2: Implement IDisposable on these objects then call dispose on these objects and set references to Nothing and remove handlers. The theory behind the second approach is since the large longer lived objects take longer to cleanup in the GC. So, by cutting the large objects into smaller bite size morsels the garbage collector will processes them faster, thus a performance gain. So I think the basic question is this: Does breaking apart large groups of interconnected objects optimize data for garbage collection or is better to keep them together and rely on the garbage collection algorithms to processes the data for you? I feel this is a case of pre-optimization, but I do not know enough of the GC to know what does help or hinder it.

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• How can I improve the performance of this double-for print?

  - by Florenc

  I have the following static method that prints the data imported from a 40.000 lines .xls spreadsheet. Now, it takes about 27 seconds to print the data in the console and the memory consumption is huge. import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*; public static void printSheetData(List<List<HSSFCell>> sheetData) { for (int i = 0; i < sheetData.size(); i++) { List<HSSFCell> list = (List<HSSFCell>) sheetData.get(i); for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) { HSSFCell cell = (HSSFCell) list.get(j); System.out.print(cell.toString()); if (j < list.size() - 1) { System.out.print(", "); } } System.out.println(""); } } Disclaimer: I know, I know large data belong to a database, don't print output in the console, premature optimization is the root of all evils...

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• Trouble with Unions in C program.

  - by Jordan S

  I am working on a C program that uses a Union. The union definition is in FILE_A header file and looks like this... // FILE_A.h**************************************************** xdata union { long position; char bytes[4]; }CurrentPosition; If I set the value of CurrentPosition.position in FILE_A.c and then call a function in FILE_B.c that uses the union, the data in the union is back to Zero. This is demonstrated below. // FILE_A.c**************************************************** int main.c(void) { CurrentPosition.position = 12345; SomeFunctionInFileB(); } // FILE_B.c**************************************************** void SomeFunctionInFileB(void) { // After the following lines execute I see all zeros in the flash memory. WriteByteToFlash(CurrentPosition.bytes[0]; WriteByteToFlash(CurrentPosition.bytes[1]; WriteByteToFlash(CurrentPosition.bytes[2]; WriteByteToFlash(CurrentPosition.bytes[3]; } Now, If I pass a long to SomeFunctionInFileB(long temp) and then store it into CurrentPosition.bytes within that function, and finally call WriteBytesToFlash(CurrentPosition.bytes[n]... it works just fine. It appears as though the CurrentPosition Union is not global. So I tried changing the union definition in the header file to include the extern keyword like this... extern xdata union { long position; char bytes[4]; }CurrentPosition; and then putting this in the source (.c) file... xdata union { long position; char bytes[4]; }CurrentPosition; but this causes a compile error that says: C:\SiLabs\Optec Programs\AgosRot\MotionControl.c:76: error 91: extern definition for 'CurrentPosition' mismatches with declaration. C:\SiLabs\Optec Programs\AgosRot\/MotionControl.h:48: error 177: previously defined here So what am I doing wrong? How do I make the union global?

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• Java Concurrency : Volatile vs final in "cascaded" variables?

  - by Tom

  Hello Experts, is final Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> status = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> statusInner = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); status.put(key,statusInner); the same as volatile Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> status = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> statusInner = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); status.put(key,statusInner); in case the inner Map is accessed by different Threads? or is even something like this required: volatile Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> status = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); volatile Map<Integer,Map<String,Integer>> statusInner = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Map<String,Integer>>(); status.put(key,statusInner); In case the it is NOT a "cascaded" map, final and volatile have in the end the same effect of making shure that all threads see always the correct contents of the Map... But what happens if the Map iteself contains a map, as in the example... How do I make shure that the inner Map is correctly "Memory barriered"? Tanks! Tom

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• activemessaging with stomp and activemq.prefetchSize=1

  - by Clint Miller

  I have a situation where I have a single activemq broker with 2 queues, Q1 and Q2. I have two ruby-based consumers using activemessaging. Let's call them C1 and C2. Both consumers subscribe to each queue. I'm setting activemq.prefetchSize=1 when subscribing to each queue. I'm also setting ack=client. Consider the following sequence of events: 1) A message that triggers a long-running job is published to queue Q1. Call this M1. 2) M1 is dispatched to consumer C1, kicking off a long operation. 3) Two messages that trigger short jobs are published to queue Q2. Call these M2 and M3. 4) M2 is dispatched to C2 which quickly runs the short job. 5) M3 is dispatched to C1, even though C1 is still running M1. It's able to dispatch to C1 because prefetchSize=1 is set on the queue subscription, not on the connection. So the fact that a Q1 message has already been dispatched doesn't stop one Q2 message from being dispatched. Since activemessaging consumers are single-threaded, the net result is that M3 sits and waits on C1 for a long time until C1 finishes processing M1. So, M3 is not processed for a long time, despite the fact that consumer C2 is sitting idle (since it quickly finishes with message M2). Essentially, whenever a long Q1 job is run and then a whole bunch of short Q2 jobs are created, exactly one of the short Q2 jobs gets stuck on a consumer waiting for the long Q1 job to finish. Is there a way to set prefetchSize at the connection level rather than at the subscription level? I really don't want any messages dispatched to C1 while it is processing M1. The other alternative is that I could create a consumer dedicated to processing Q1 and then have other consumers dedicated to processing Q2. But, I'd rather not do that since Q1 messages are infrequent--Q1's dedicated consumers would sit idle most of the day tying up memory.

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• C/C++: feedback in analyzing a code example

  - by KaiserJohaan

  Hello, I have a piece of code from an assignment I am uncertain about. I feel confident that I know the answer, but I just want to double-check with the community incase there's something I forgot. The title is basically secure coding and the question is just to explain the results. int main() { unsigned int i = 1; unsigned int c = 1; while (i > 0) { i = i*2; c++; } printf("%d\n", c); return 0; } My reasoning is this: At first glance you could imagine the code would run forever, considering it's initialized to a positive value and ever increasing. This of course is wrong because eventually the value will grow so large it will cause an integer overflow. This in turn is not entirely true either, because eventally it will force the variable 'i' to be signed by making the last bit to 1 and therefore regarded as a negative number, therefore terminating the loop. So it is not writing to unallocated memory and therefore cause integer overflow, but rather violating the data type and therefore causing the loop to terminate. I am quite sure this is the reason, but I just want to double check. Any opinions?

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• ExpertPDF and Caching of URLs

  - by Josh

  We are using ExpertPDF to take URLs and turn them into PDFs. Everything we do is through memory, so we build up the request and then read the stream into ExpertPDF and then write the bits to file. All the files we have been requesting so far are just plain HTML documents. Our designers update CSS files or change the HTML and rerequest the documents as PDFs, but often times, things are getting cached. Take, for example, if I rename the only CSS file and view the HTML page through a web browser, the page looks broke because the CSS doesn't exist. But if I request that page through the PDF Generator, it still looks ok, which means somewhere the CSS is cached. Here's the relevant PDF creation code: // Create a request HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url); request.UserAgent = "IE 8.0"; request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; request.Method = "GET"; // Send the request HttpWebResponse resp = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); if (resp.IsFromCache) { System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("FROM THE CACHE!!!"); } else { System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("not from cache"); } // Read the response pdf.SavePdfFromHtmlStream(resp.GetResponseStream(), System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, "Output.pdf"); When I check the trace file, nothing is being loaded from cache. I checked the IIS log file and found a 200 response coming from the request, even after a file had been updated (I would expect a 302). We've tried putting the No-Cache attribute on all HTML pages, but still no luck. I even turned off all caching at the IIS level. Is there anything in ExpertPDF that might be caching somewhere or something I can do to the request object to do a hard refresh of all resources? UPDATE I put ?foo at the end of my style href links and this updates the CSS everytime. Is there a setting someplace that can prevent stylesheets from being cached so I don't have to do this inelegant solution?

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• Very slow guards in my monadic random implementation (haskell)

  - by danpriduha

  Hi! I was tried to write one random number generator implementation, based on number class. I also add there Monad and MonadPlus instance. What mean "MonadPlus" and why I add this instance? Because of I want to use guards like here: -- test.hs -- import RandomMonad import Control.Monad import System.Random x = Rand (randomR (1 ::Integer, 3)) ::Rand StdGen Integer y = do a <-x guard (a /=2) guard (a /=1) return a here comes RandomMonad.hs file contents: -- RandomMonad.hs -- module RandomMonad where import Control.Monad import System.Random import Data.List data RandomGen g => Rand g a = Rand (g ->(a,g)) | RandZero instance (Show g, RandomGen g) => Monad (Rand g) where return x = Rand (\g ->(x,g)) (RandZero)>>= _ = RandZero (Rand argTransformer)>>=(parametricRandom) = Rand funTransformer where funTransformer g | isZero x = funTransformer g1 | otherwise = (getRandom x g1,getGen x g1) where x = parametricRandom val (val,g1) = argTransformer g isZero RandZero = True isZero _ = False instance (Show g, RandomGen g) => MonadPlus (Rand g) where mzero = RandZero RandZero `mplus` x = x x `mplus` RandZero = x x `mplus` y = x getRandom :: RandomGen g => Rand g a ->g ->a getRandom (Rand f) g = (fst (f g)) getGen :: RandomGen g => Rand g a ->g -> g getGen (Rand f) g = snd (f g) when I run ghci interpreter, and give following command getRandom y (mkStdGen 2000000000) I can see memory overflow on my computer (1G). It's not expected, and if I delete one guard, it works very fast. Why in this case it works too slow? What I do wrong?

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• PHP GD imagecreatefromstring discards transparency

  - by meustrus

  I've been trying to get transparency to work with my application (which dynamically resizes images before storing them) and I think I've finally narrowed down the problem after much misdirection about imagealphablending and imagesavealpha. The source image is never loaded with proper transparency! // With this line, the output image has no transparency (where it should be // transparent, colors bleed out randomly or it's completely black, depending // on the image) $img = imagecreatefromstring($fileData); // With this line, it works as expected. $img = imagecreatefrompng($fileName); // Blah blah blah, lots of image resize code into $img2 goes here; I finally // tried just outputting $img instead. header('Content-Type: image/png'); imagealphablending($img, FALSE); imagesavealpha($img, TRUE); imagepng($img); imagedestroy($img); It would be some serious architectural difficulty to load the image from a file; this code is being used with a JSON API that gets queried from an iPhone app, and it's easier in this case (and more consistent) to upload images as base64-encoded strings in the POST data. Do I absolutely need to somehow store the image as a file (just so that PHP can load it into memory again)? Is there maybe a way to create a Stream from $fileData that can be passed to imagecreatefrompng?

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• How to find Tomcat's PID and kill it in python?

  - by 4herpsand7derpsago

  Normally, one shuts down Apache Tomcat by running its shutdown.sh script (or batch file). In some cases, such as when Tomcat's web container is hosting a web app that does some crazy things with multi-threading, running shutdown.sh gracefully shuts down some parts of Tomcat (as I can see more available memory returning to the system), but the Tomcat process keeps running. I'm trying to write a simple Python script that: Calls shutdown.sh Runs ps -aef | grep tomcat to find any process with Tomcat referenced If applicable, kills the process with kill -9 <PID> Here's what I've got so far (as a prototype - I'm brand new to Python BTW): #!/usr/bin/python # Imports import sys import subprocess # Load from imported module. if __init__ == "__main__": main() # Main entry point. def main(): # Shutdown Tomcat shutdownCmd = "sh ${TOMCAT_HOME}/bin/shutdown.sh" subprocess.call([shutdownCmd], shell=true) # Check for PID grepCmd = "ps -aef | grep tomcat" grepResults = subprocess.call([grepCmd], shell=true) if(grepResult.length > 1): # Get PID and kill it. pid = ??? killPidCmd = "kill -9 $pid" subprocess.call([killPidCmd], shell=true) # Exit. sys.exit() I'm struggling with the middle part - with obtaining the grep results, checking to see if their size is greater than 1 (since grep always returns a reference to itself, at least 1 result will always be returned, methinks), and then parsing that returned PID and passing it into the killPidCmd. Thanks in advance!

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• How to call functions inside a C dll which take pointers as arguments from C#

  - by AndrejaKo

  Hi people, this is my first post here! I'm trying to make a windows forms program using C# which will use a precompiled C library. It will access a smart card and provide output from it. For the library, I have a .dll, .lib and .h and no source. In the .h file there are several structs defined. Most interesting functions of the .dll expect pointers to allocated structs as arguments. I've been calling functions inside the .dll like this: For example function EID_API int WINAPI EidStartup(int nApiVersion); would be called like this [DllImport("CelikApi.dll")]//the name of the .dll public static extern int EidStartup(int nApiVersion); Now my problem is that I can't find equivalent of C's pointers which point to dynamically allocated structures in memory in C#, so I don't know what to pass as argument to functions which take C pointers. I don't have much experience in C#, but to me its use looked as the easiest way of making the program I need. I tried with C++, but Visual Studio 2010 doesn't have IntelliSense for C++/CLR. If you can point me to something better, feel free to do so.

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• Can I get rid of this read lock?

  - by Pieter

  I have the following helper class (simplified): public static class Cache { private static readonly object _syncRoot = new object(); private static Dictionary<Type, string> _lookup = new Dictionary<Type, string>(); public static void Add(Type type, string value) { lock (_syncRoot) { _lookup.Add(type, value); } } public static string Lookup(Type type) { string result; lock (_syncRoot) { _lookup.TryGetValue(type, out result); } return result; } } Add will be called roughly 10/100 times in the application and Lookup will be called by many threads, many of thousands of times. What I would like is to get rid of the read lock. How do you normally get rid of the read lock in this situation? I have the following ideas: Require that _lookup is stable before the application starts operation. The could be build up from an Attribute. This is done automatically through the static constructor the attribute is assigned to. Requiring the above would require me to go through all types that could have the attribute and calling RuntimeHelpers.RunClassConstructor which is an expensive operation; Move to COW semantics. public static void Add(Type type, string value) { lock (_syncRoot) { var lookup = new Dictionary<Type, string>(_lookup); lookup.Add(type, value); _lookup = lookup; } } (With the lock (_syncRoot) removed in the Lookup method.) The problem with this is that this uses an unnecessary amount of memory (which might not be a problem) and I would probably make _lookup volatile, but I'm not sure how this should be applied. (John Skeets' comment here gives me pause.) Using ReaderWriterLock. I believe this would make things worse since the region being locked is small. Suggestions are very welcome.

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• Cache data in SQL CE database

  - by user93422

  Background I have an SQL CE database, that is constantly updated (every second). I have a (web) application that allows a user to look at the data in real-time. At some point a user can click "take a snapshot" button, and it will open the snapshot in a different window. And then on that form, there is "print" and "download" buttons that will either generate a page for printing, or will stream the data as CSV file - but same data snapshot has to be used, i.e. I can't go to the DB to get latest data for that. Details SQL CE dabatase is exposed through WCF web service. Snapshot consists of up to 500 records, 10 columns each. Expiration time on the snapshot of 2 hours is sufficient. It is a low-traffic application, so I don't expect more than few (5) connections at the same time. Loosing snapshot is not a big deal, user can simply generate new one. database is accessed by self-hosted WCF web service using Linq-to-SQL. Web site is ASP.NET MVC hosted on UltiDev Cassini. database, and web site are most likely be on the same box, when deployed. The entire app is intranet bound. Problem I need to cache the snapshot of the data at the moment user pressed "take a snapshot" button, so that I can use same data to generate print page, or generate a file for download. Solution 1: Each time there is a need to generate a snapshot, I will create a table in the database. Since there are no temp tables in SQL CE, I will need to clean it up myself. Solution 2: Cache the snapshot in-memory on either DB server, or web server. Question: Is there anything wrong with proposed solutions? Any different solution suggestions?

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