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• Need some help deciphering a line of assembler code, from .NET JITted code

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  In a C# constructor, that ends up with a call to this(...), the actual call gets translated to this: 0000003d call dword ptr ds:[199B88E8h] What is the DS register contents here? I know it's the data-segment, but is this call through a VMT-table or similar? I doubt it though, since this(...) wouldn't be a call to a virtual method, just another constructor. I ask because the value at that location seems to be bad in some way, if I hit F11, trace into (Visual Studio 2008), on that call-instruction, the program crashes with an access violation. The code is deep inside a 3rd party control library, where, though I have the source code, I don't have the assemblies compiled with enough debug information that I can trace it through C# code, only through the disassembler, and then I have to match that back to the actual code. The C# code in question is this: public AxisRangeData(AxisRange range) : this(range, range.Axis) { } Reflector shows me this IL code: .maxstack 8 L_0000: ldarg.0 L_0001: ldarg.1 L_0002: ldarg.1 L_0003: callvirt instance class DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisBase DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisRange::get_Axis() L_0008: call instance void DevExpress.XtraCharts.Native.AxisRangeData::.ctor(class DevExpress.XtraCharts.ChartElement, class DevExpress.XtraCharts.AxisBase) L_000d: ret It's that last call there, to the other constructor of the same class, that fails. The debugger never surfaces inside the other method, it just crashes. The disassembly for the method after JITting is this: 00000000 push ebp 00000001 mov ebp,esp 00000003 sub esp,14h 00000006 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx 00000009 mov dword ptr [ebp-8],edx 0000000c cmp dword ptr ds:[18890E24h],0 00000013 je 0000001A 00000015 call 61843511 0000001a mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-4] 0000001d mov dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],eax 00000020 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8] 00000023 mov dword ptr [ebp-10h],eax 00000026 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-8] 00000029 cmp dword ptr [ecx],ecx 0000002b call dword ptr ds:[1889D0DCh] // range.Axis 00000031 mov dword ptr [ebp-14h],eax 00000034 push dword ptr [ebp-14h] 00000037 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-10h] 0000003a mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch] 0000003d call dword ptr ds:[199B88E8h] // this(range, range.Axis)? 00000043 nop 00000044 mov esp,ebp 00000046 pop ebp 00000047 ret Basically what I'm asking is this: What the purpose of the ds:[ADDR] indirection here? VMT-table is only for virtual isn't it? and this is constructor Could the constructor have yet to be JITted, which could mean that the call would actually call through a JIT shim? I'm afraid I'm in deep water here, so anything might and could help. Edit: Well, the problem just got worse, or better, or whatever. We are developing the .NET feature in a C# project in a Visual Studio 2008 solution, and debugging and developing through Visual Studio. However, in the end, this code will be loaded into a .NET runtime hosted by a Win32 Delphi application. In order to facilitate easy experimentation of such features, we can also configure the Visual Studio project/solution/debugger to copy the produced dll's to the Delphi app's directory, and then execute the Delphi app, through the Visual Studio debugger. Turns out, the problem goes away if I run the program outside of the debugger, but during debugging, it crops up, every time. Not sure that helps, but since the code isn't slated for production release for another 6 months or so, then it takes some of the pressure off of it for the test release that we have soon. I'll dive into the memory parts later, but probably not until over the weekend, and post a followup.

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• IPsec tunnel to Android device not created even though there is an IKE SA

  - by Quentin Swain

  I'm trying to configure a VPN tunnel between an Android device running 4.1 and a Fedora 17 Linux box running strongSwan 5.0. The device reports that it is connected and strongSwan statusall returns that there is an IKE SA, but doesn't display a tunnel. I used the instructions for iOS in the wiki to generate certificates and configure strongSwan. Since Android uses a modified version of racoon this should work and since the connection is partly established I think I am on the right track. I don't see any errors about not being able to create the tunnel. This is the configuration for the strongSwan connection conn android2 keyexchange=ikev1 authby=xauthrsasig xauth=server left=96.244.142.28 leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 leftfirewall=yes leftcert=serverCert.pem right=%any rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 rightcert=clientCert.pem ike=aes256-sha1-modp1024 auto=add This is the output of strongswan statusall Status of IKE charon daemon (strongSwan 5.0.0, Linux 3.3.4-5.fc17.x86_64, x86_64): uptime: 20 minutes, since Oct 31 10:27:31 2012 malloc: sbrk 270336, mmap 0, used 198144, free 72192 worker threads: 8 of 16 idle, 7/1/0/0 working, job queue: 0/0/0/0, scheduled: 7 loaded plugins: charon aes des sha1 sha2 md5 random nonce x509 revocation constraints pubkey pkcs1 pkcs8 pgp dnskey pem openssl fips-prf gmp xcbc cmac hmac attr kernel-netlink resolve socket-default stroke updown xauth-generic Virtual IP pools (size/online/offline): android-hybrid: 1/0/0 android2: 1/1/0 Listening IP addresses: 96.244.142.28 Connections: android-hybrid: %any...%any IKEv1 android-hybrid: local: [C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org] uses public key authentication android-hybrid: cert: "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org" android-hybrid: remote: [%any] uses XAuth authentication: any android-hybrid: child: dynamic === dynamic TUNNEL android2: 96.244.142.28...%any IKEv1 android2: local: [C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org] uses public key authentication android2: cert: "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org" android2: remote: [C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client] uses public key authentication android2: cert: "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" android2: remote: [%any] uses XAuth authentication: any android2: child: 0.0.0.0/0 === 10.0.0.0/24 TUNNEL Security Associations (1 up, 0 connecting): android2[3]: ESTABLISHED 10 seconds ago, 96.244.142.28[C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org]...208.54.35.241[C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client] android2[3]: Remote XAuth identity: android android2[3]: IKEv1 SPIs: 4151e371ad46b20d_i 59a56390d74792d2_r*, public key reauthentication in 56 minutes android2[3]: IKE proposal: AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024 The output of ip -s xfrm policy src ::/0 dst ::/0 uid 0 socket in action allow index 3851 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use - src ::/0 dst ::/0 uid 0 socket out action allow index 3844 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use - src ::/0 dst ::/0 uid 0 socket in action allow index 3835 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use - src ::/0 dst ::/0 uid 0 socket out action allow index 3828 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use - src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 socket in action allow index 3819 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use 2012-10-31 13:29:39 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 socket out action allow index 3812 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use 2012-10-31 13:29:22 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 socket in action allow index 3803 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use 2012-10-31 13:29:20 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 socket out action allow index 3796 priority 0 ptype main share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft 0(bytes), hard 0(bytes) limit: soft 0(packets), hard 0(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:29:08 use 2012-10-31 13:29:20 So a xfrm policy isn't being created for the connection, even though there is an SA between device and strongswan. Executing ip -s xfrm policy on the android device results in the following output: src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 10.0.0.2/32 uid 0 dir in action allow index 40 priority 2147483648 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:08 use - tmpl src 96.244.142.28 dst 25.239.33.30 proto esp spi 0x00000000(0) reqid 0(0x00000000) mode tunnel level required share any enc-mask 00000000 auth-mask 00000000 comp-mask 00000000 src 10.0.0.2/32 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 dir out action allow index 33 priority 2147483648 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:08 use - tmpl src 25.239.33.30 dst 96.244.142.28 proto esp spi 0x00000000(0) reqid 0(0x00000000) mode tunnel level required share any enc-mask 00000000 auth-mask 00000000 comp-mask 00000000 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 dir 4 action allow index 28 priority 0 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:04 use 2012-10-31 13:42:08 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 dir 3 action allow index 19 priority 0 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:04 use 2012-10-31 13:42:08 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 dir 4 action allow index 12 priority 0 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:04 use 2012-10-31 13:42:06 src 0.0.0.0/0 dst 0.0.0.0/0 uid 0 dir 3 action allow index 3 priority 0 share any flag (0x00000000) lifetime config: limit: soft (INF)(bytes), hard (INF)(bytes) limit: soft (INF)(packets), hard (INF)(packets) expire add: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) expire use: soft 0(sec), hard 0(sec) lifetime current: 0(bytes), 0(packets) add 2012-10-31 13:42:04 use 2012-10-31 13:42:07 Logs from charon: 00[DMN] Starting IKE charon daemon (strongSwan 5.0.0, Linux 3.3.4-5.fc17.x86_64, x86_64) 00[KNL] listening on interfaces: 00[KNL] em1 00[KNL] 96.244.142.28 00[KNL] fe80::224:e8ff:fed2:18b2 00[CFG] loading ca certificates from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/cacerts' 00[CFG] loaded ca certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=strongSwan CA" from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/cacerts/caCert.pem' 00[CFG] loading aa certificates from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/aacerts' 00[CFG] loading ocsp signer certificates from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/ocspcerts' 00[CFG] loading attribute certificates from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/acerts' 00[CFG] loading crls from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/crls' 00[CFG] loading secrets from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.secrets' 00[CFG] loaded RSA private key from '/etc/strongswan/ipsec.d/private/clientKey.pem' 00[CFG] loaded IKE secret for %any 00[CFG] loaded EAP secret for android 00[CFG] loaded EAP secret for android 00[DMN] loaded plugins: charon aes des sha1 sha2 md5 random nonce x509 revocation constraints pubkey pkcs1 pkcs8 pgp dnskey pem openssl fips-prf gmp xcbc cmac hmac attr kernel-netlink resolve socket-default stroke updown xauth-generic 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 16[LIB] created thread 16 [15338] 16[JOB] started worker thread 16 11[CFG] received stroke: add connection 'android-hybrid' 11[CFG] conn android-hybrid 11[CFG] left=%any 11[CFG] leftsubnet=(null) 11[CFG] leftsourceip=(null) 11[CFG] leftauth=pubkey 11[CFG] leftauth2=(null) 11[CFG] leftid=(null) 11[CFG] leftid2=(null) 11[CFG] leftrsakey=(null) 11[CFG] leftcert=serverCert.pem 11[CFG] leftcert2=(null) 11[CFG] leftca=(null) 11[CFG] leftca2=(null) 11[CFG] leftgroups=(null) 11[CFG] leftupdown=ipsec _updown iptables 11[CFG] right=%any 11[CFG] rightsubnet=(null) 11[CFG] rightsourceip=96.244.142.3 11[CFG] rightauth=xauth 11[CFG] rightauth2=(null) 11[CFG] rightid=%any 11[CFG] rightid2=(null) 11[CFG] rightrsakey=(null) 11[CFG] rightcert=(null) 11[CFG] rightcert2=(null) 11[CFG] rightca=(null) 11[CFG] rightca2=(null) 11[CFG] rightgroups=(null) 11[CFG] rightupdown=(null) 11[CFG] eap_identity=(null) 11[CFG] aaa_identity=(null) 11[CFG] xauth_identity=(null) 11[CFG] ike=aes256-sha1-modp1024 11[CFG] esp=aes128-sha1-modp2048,3des-sha1-modp1536 11[CFG] dpddelay=30 11[CFG] dpdtimeout=150 11[CFG] dpdaction=0 11[CFG] closeaction=0 11[CFG] mediation=no 11[CFG] mediated_by=(null) 11[CFG] me_peerid=(null) 11[CFG] keyexchange=ikev1 11[KNL] getting interface name for %any 11[KNL] %any is not a local address 11[KNL] getting interface name for %any 11[KNL] %any is not a local address 11[CFG] left nor right host is our side, assuming left=local 11[CFG] loaded certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org" from 'serverCert.pem' 11[CFG] id '%any' not confirmed by certificate, defaulting to 'C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org' 11[CFG] added configuration 'android-hybrid' 11[CFG] adding virtual IP address pool 'android-hybrid': 96.244.142.3/32 13[CFG] received stroke: add connection 'android2' 13[CFG] conn android2 13[CFG] left=96.244.142.28 13[CFG] leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0 13[CFG] leftsourceip=(null) 13[CFG] leftauth=pubkey 13[CFG] leftauth2=(null) 13[CFG] leftid=(null) 13[CFG] leftid2=(null) 13[CFG] leftrsakey=(null) 13[CFG] leftcert=serverCert.pem 13[CFG] leftcert2=(null) 13[CFG] leftca=(null) 13[CFG] leftca2=(null) 13[CFG] leftgroups=(null) 13[CFG] leftupdown=ipsec _updown iptables 13[CFG] right=%any 13[CFG] rightsubnet=10.0.0.0/24 13[CFG] rightsourceip=10.0.0.2 13[CFG] rightauth=pubkey 13[CFG] rightauth2=xauth 13[CFG] rightid=(null) 13[CFG] rightid2=(null) 13[CFG] rightrsakey=(null) 13[CFG] rightcert=clientCert.pem 13[CFG] rightcert2=(null) 13[CFG] rightca=(null) 13[CFG] rightca2=(null) 13[CFG] rightgroups=(null) 13[CFG] rightupdown=(null) 13[CFG] eap_identity=(null) 13[CFG] aaa_identity=(null) 13[CFG] xauth_identity=(null) 13[CFG] ike=aes256-sha1-modp1024 13[CFG] esp=aes128-sha1-modp2048,3des-sha1-modp1536 13[CFG] dpddelay=30 13[CFG] dpdtimeout=150 13[CFG] dpdaction=0 13[CFG] closeaction=0 13[CFG] mediation=no 13[CFG] mediated_by=(null) 13[CFG] me_peerid=(null) 13[CFG] keyexchange=ikev0 13[KNL] getting interface name for %any 13[KNL] %any is not a local address 13[KNL] getting interface name for 96.244.142.28 13[KNL] 96.244.142.28 is on interface em1 13[CFG] loaded certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org" from 'serverCert.pem' 13[CFG] id '96.244.142.28' not confirmed by certificate, defaulting to 'C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org' 13[CFG] loaded certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" from 'clientCert.pem' 13[CFG] id '%any' not confirmed by certificate, defaulting to 'C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client' 13[CFG] added configuration 'android2' 13[CFG] adding virtual IP address pool 'android2': 10.0.0.2/32 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[32235] to 96.244.142.28[500] 15[CFG] looking for an ike config for 96.244.142.28...208.54.35.241 15[CFG] candidate: %any...%any, prio 2 15[CFG] candidate: 96.244.142.28...%any, prio 5 15[CFG] found matching ike config: 96.244.142.28...%any with prio 5 01[JOB] next event in 29s 999ms, waiting 15[IKE] received NAT-T (RFC 3947) vendor ID 15[IKE] received draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike-02 vendor ID 15[IKE] received draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike-02\n vendor ID 15[IKE] received draft-ietf-ipsec-nat-t-ike-00 vendor ID 15[IKE] received XAuth vendor ID 15[IKE] received Cisco Unity vendor ID 15[IKE] received DPD vendor ID 15[IKE] 208.54.35.241 is initiating a Main Mode IKE_SA 15[IKE] IKE_SA (unnamed)[1] state change: CREATED => CONNECTING 15[CFG] selecting proposal: 15[CFG] proposal matches 15[CFG] received proposals: IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_MD5_96/PRF_HMAC_MD5/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/HMAC_MD5_96/PRF_HMAC_MD5/MODP_1024, IKE:3DES_CBC/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:3DES_CBC/HMAC_MD5_96/PRF_HMAC_MD5/MODP_1024, IKE:DES_CBC/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:DES_CBC/HMAC_MD5_96/PRF_HMAC_MD5/MODP_1024 15[CFG] configured proposals: IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024, IKE:AES_CBC_128/AES_CBC_192/AES_CBC_256/3DES_CBC/CAMELLIA_CBC_128/CAMELLIA_CBC_192/CAMELLIA_CBC_256/HMAC_MD5_96/HMAC_SHA1_96/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/HMAC_SHA2_384_192/HMAC_SHA2_512_256/AES_XCBC_96/AES_CMAC_96/PRF_HMAC_MD5/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_384/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_512/PRF_AES128_XCBC/PRF_AES128_CMAC/MODP_2048/MODP_2048_224/MODP_2048_256/MODP_1536/MODP_4096/MODP_8192/MODP_1024/MODP_1024_160 15[CFG] selected proposal: IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024 15[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[500] to 208.54.35.241[32235] 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[500] to 208.54.35.241[32235] 15[MGR] checkin IKE_SA (unnamed)[1] 15[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[32235] to 96.244.142.28[500] 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 07[MGR] checkout IKE_SA by message 07[MGR] IKE_SA (unnamed)[1] successfully checked out 07[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[32235] to 96.244.142.28[500] 07[LIB] size of DH secret exponent: 1023 bits 07[IKE] remote host is behind NAT 07[IKE] sending cert request for "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=strongSwan CA" 07[ENC] generating NAT_D_V1 payload finished 07[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[500] to 208.54.35.241[32235] 07[MGR] checkin IKE_SA (unnamed)[1] 07[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[500] to 208.54.35.241[32235] 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 10[IKE] ignoring certificate request without data 10[IKE] received end entity cert "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" 10[CFG] looking for XAuthInitRSA peer configs matching 96.244.142.28...208.54.35.241[C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client] 10[CFG] candidate "android-hybrid", match: 1/1/2/2 (me/other/ike/version) 10[CFG] candidate "android2", match: 1/20/5/1 (me/other/ike/version) 10[CFG] selected peer config "android2" 10[CFG] certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" key: 2048 bit RSA 10[CFG] using trusted ca certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=strongSwan CA" 10[CFG] checking certificate status of "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" 10[CFG] ocsp check skipped, no ocsp found 10[CFG] certificate status is not available 10[CFG] certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=strongSwan CA" key: 2048 bit RSA 10[CFG] reached self-signed root ca with a path length of 0 10[CFG] using trusted certificate "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client" 10[IKE] authentication of 'C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client' with RSA successful 10[ENC] added payload of type ID_V1 to message 10[ENC] added payload of type SIGNATURE_V1 to message 10[IKE] authentication of 'C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org' (myself) successful 10[IKE] queueing XAUTH task 10[IKE] sending end entity cert "C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org" 10[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 10[IKE] activating new tasks 10[IKE] activating XAUTH task 10[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 01[JOB] next event in 3s 999ms, waiting 10[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 10[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 12[MGR] checkout IKE_SA by message 12[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 12[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 12[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 12[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 16[MGR] checkout IKE_SA by message 16[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 16[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 16[IKE] XAuth authentication of 'android' successful 16[IKE] reinitiating already active tasks 16[IKE] XAUTH task 16[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 16[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 01[JOB] next event in 3s 907ms, waiting 16[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 09[MGR] checkout IKE_SA by message 09[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 09[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] .8rS 09[IKE] IKE_SA android2[1] established between 96.244.142.28[C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=vpn.strongswan.org]...208.54.35.241[C=CH, O=strongSwan, CN=client] 09[IKE] IKE_SA android2[1] state change: CONNECTING => ESTABLISHED 09[IKE] scheduling reauthentication in 3409s 09[IKE] maximum IKE_SA lifetime 3589s 09[IKE] activating new tasks 09[IKE] nothing to initiate 09[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 09[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 09[MGR] checkout IKE_SA 09[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 09[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 09[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 01[JOB] next event in 3s 854ms, waiting 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 08[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 14[MGR] checkout IKE_SA by message 14[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 14[NET] received packet: from 208.54.35.241[35595] to 96.244.142.28[4500] 14[IKE] processing INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS attribute 14[IKE] processing INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK attribute 14[IKE] processing INTERNAL_IP4_DNS attribute 14[IKE] processing INTERNAL_IP4_NBNS attribute 14[IKE] processing UNITY_BANNER attribute 14[IKE] processing UNITY_DEF_DOMAIN attribute 14[IKE] processing UNITY_SPLITDNS_NAME attribute 14[IKE] processing UNITY_SPLIT_INCLUDE attribute 14[IKE] processing UNITY_LOCAL_LAN attribute 14[IKE] processing APPLICATION_VERSION attribute 14[IKE] peer requested virtual IP %any 14[CFG] assigning new lease to 'android' 14[IKE] assigning virtual IP 10.0.0.2 to peer 'android' 14[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 14[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 14[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 04[NET] sending packet: from 96.244.142.28[4500] to 208.54.35.241[35595] 08[NET] waiting for data on sockets 01[JOB] got event, queuing job for execution 01[JOB] next event in 91ms, waiting 13[MGR] checkout IKE_SA 13[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 13[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 13[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful. 01[JOB] got event, queuing job for execution 01[JOB] next event in 24s 136ms, waiting 15[MGR] checkout IKE_SA 15[MGR] IKE_SA android2[1] successfully checked out 15[MGR] checkin IKE_SA android2[1] 15[MGR] check-in of IKE_SA successful.

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• What is Causing This Memory Leak in Delphi?

  - by lkessler

  I just can't figure out this memory leak that EurekaLog is reporting for my program. I'm using Delphi 2009. Here it is: Memory Leak: Type=Data; Total size=26; Count=1; The stack is: System.pas _UStrSetLength 17477 System.pas _UStrCat 17572 Process.pas InputGedcomFile 1145 That is all there is in the stack. EurekaLog is pointing me to the location where the memory that was not released was first allocated. According to it, the line in my program is line 1145 of InputGedcomFile. That line is: CurStruct0Key := 'HEAD' + Level0Key; where CurStruct0Key and Level0Key are simply defined in the procedure as local variables that should be dynamically handled by the Delphi memory manager when entering and leaving the procedure: var CurStruct0Key, Level0Key: string; So now I look at the _UStrCat procedure in the System Unit. Line 17572 is: CALL _UStrSetLength // Set length of Dest and I go to the _UStrSetLength procedure in the System Unit, and the relevant lines are: @@isUnicode: CMP [EAX-skew].StrRec.refCnt,1 // !!! MT safety JNE @@copyString // not unique, so copy SUB EAX,rOff // Offset EAX "S" to start of memory block ADD EDX,EDX // Double length to get size JO @@overflow ADD EDX,rOff+2 // Add string rec size JO @@overflow PUSH EAX // Put S on stack MOV EAX,ESP // to pass by reference CALL _ReallocMem POP EAX ADD EAX,rOff // Readjust MOV [EBX],EAX // Store MOV [EAX-skew].StrRec.length,ESI MOV WORD PTR [EAX+ESI*2],0 // Null terminate TEST EDI,EDI // Was a temp created? JZ @@exit PUSH EDI MOV EAX,ESP CALL _LStrClr POP EDI JMP @@exit where line 17477 is the "CALL _ReallocMem" line. So then what is the memory leak? Surely a simple concatenate of a string constant to a local string variable should not be causing a memory leak. Why is EurekaLog pointing me to the ReallocMem line in a _UStrSetLength routine that is part of Delphi? This is Delphi 2009 and I am using the new unicode strings. Any help or explanation here will be much appreciated.

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• Decompiling a *.DLL to assembly for .net in delphi 4

  - by Lex Dean

  I love my Delphi 4 but at the same time I see the need to talk to windows .net This is a recompiled dll that I found on sourceforge.net/projects/delphinet/ (DelphiNet03.zip) by some nice people that fund the dll from some were. The real answer is to make this dll so that fits into Delphi as true Delphi code, and not a dll clip on. So we can make objects that use dot net in Delphi. Because I’m not an assembly freak, I’m freaking out a little with a wee sweek for help! 1/ How do I link the asm code with the data info at the bottom of this code. Can some one show me which calls to look for to make this link to data. 2/ I need to find the beginning of all the procedures and functions, but I cannot find a ‘RET’ statement. And what line is the beginning statement in this code. 3/ How do I identify were the jump statements go to, put them into Delphi format In this code it looks I can do:- jle 402890h \1000:00402854 7e3a add [eax], al \1000:00402856 0000 …………………………………………….. or ch, [edi+3eh] \1000:0040288d 0a6f3e xrefs first: 1000:00402854 number : 1 \; add [eax], al \1000:00402890 0000 //******************************* jle @@21 \\1000:00402854 7e3a add [eax], al \\1000:00402856 0000 …………………………………………….. or ch, [edi+3eh] \1000:0040288d 0a6f3e xrefs first: 1000:00402854 number : 1 \; @@21 add [eax], al \1000:00402890 0000 Is that a correct conversion. I think a xrefs first: 1000:004021d1 number : 1 is the best to follow 4/ I need a good reference on 8086 up assembly code that I can print out and get to learn properly. I found this asm decomplier of http://www.cronos.cc/ that is so similar to Delphi that it only needs a little more convertion to get it into Delphi asm I think. It’s only taken me 3 hours to get the file into TMemo and to write a few lines to chop the line over in a stream and reload the memo. Help please Email: [email protected] xrefs first: 1000:004041ae number : 1 \\; dd 4190h \\1000:00402000 90410000 dd 00h \\1000:00402004 00000000 dec eax \\1000:00402008 48 add [eax], al \\1000:00402009 0000 add [edx], al \\1000:0040200b 0002 add [eax], al \\1000:0040200d 0000 add [eax-2bffffd2h], al \\1000:0040200f 00802e0000d4 adc al, [eax] \\1000:00402015 1200 add [ecx], al \\1000:00402017 0001 add [eax], al \\1000:00402019 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040201b 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040201d 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040201f 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402021 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402023 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402025 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402027 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402029 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040202b 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040202d 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040202f 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402031 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402033 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402035 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402037 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402039 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040203b 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040203d 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040203f 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402041 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402043 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402045 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402047 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:00402049 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040204b 0000 add [eax], al \\1000:0040204d 0000 add [ebx], dl \\1000:0040204f 0013 xor [eax+eax], al \\1000:00402051 300400 or al, [ecx] \\1000:00402054 0a01 add [eax], al \\1000:00402056 0000 add [eax], eax \\1000:00402058 0100 add [ecx], dl \\1000:0040205a 0011 push cs \\1000:0040205c 0e add al, 50h \\1000:0040205d 0450 mov gs, [ecx+05h] \\1000:0040205f 8e6905 push eax \\1000:00402062 50 mov gs, [ecx+2eh] \\1000:00402063 8e692e add eax, f938h \\1000:00402066 0538f90000 add [ebx], al \\1000:0040206b 0003 jc 402070h \\1000:0040206d 7201 add [eax], al \\1000:0040206f 0000 jo 40209bh \\1000:00402071 7028 add al, [eax] \\1000:00402073 0200 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402075 000a sub eax, 36f0408h \\1000:00402077 2d08046f03 add [eax], al \\1000:0040207c 0000 or ch, [ebx] \\1000:0040207e 0a2b push es \\1000:00402080 06 add al, 6fh \\1000:00402081 046f add al, 00h \\1000:00402083 0400 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402085 000a adc eax, [edi] \\1000:00402087 1307 push ss \\1000:00402089 16 adc ecx, [eax] \\1000:0040208a 1308 cmp cl, cl \\1000:0040208c 38c9 add [eax], al \\1000:0040208e 0000 add [ecx], dl \\1000:00402090 0011 pop es \\1000:00402092 07 adc [eax], ecx \\1000:00402093 1108 callf 056f:060a9a08h \\1000:00402095 9a0a066f05 add [eax], al \\1000:0040209a 0000 or cl, [ebx] \\1000:0040209c 0a0b push es \\1000:0040209e 06 outsd \\1000:0040209f 6f push es \\1000:004020a0 06 add [eax], al \\1000:004020a1 0000 or al, [ebx] \\1000:004020a3 0a03 sub [edx], al \\1000:004020a5 2802 add [eax], al \\1000:004020a7 0000 or bh, [ecx] \\1000:004020a9 0a39 movsd \\1000:004020ab a5 add [eax], al \\1000:004020ac 0000 add [edi], al \\1000:004020ae 0007 mov gs, [ecx+0eh] \\1000:004020b0 8e690e add al, 50h \\1000:004020b3 0450 mov gs, [ecx+40h] \\1000:004020b5 8e6940 cwde \\1000:004020b8 98 add [eax], al \\1000:004020b9 0000 add [edi], dl \\1000:004020bb 0017 or al, 16h \\1000:004020bd 0c16 or eax, 9072b2bh \\1000:004020bf 0d2b2b0709 callf 0000:076f9a09h \\1000:004020c4 9a6f070000 or ch, [edi+08h] \\1000:004020c9 0a6f08 add [eax], al \\1000:004020cc 0000 or ch, [eax+ebx] \\1000:004020ce 0a2c18 push cs \\1000:004020d1 0e add al, 50h \\1000:004020d2 0450 or [edx+d72h], ebx \\1000:004020d4 099a720d0000 jo 402104h \\1000:004020da 7028 or [eax], eax \\1000:004020dc 0900 add [edx], cl \\1000:004020de 000a add dl, cs:[esi] \\1000:004020e0 2e0216 or al, 08h \\1000:004020e3 0c08 sub eax, 90c2b02h \\1000:004020e5 2d022b0c09 pop ss \\1000:004020ea 17 pop eax \\1000:004020eb 58 or eax, 50040e09h \\1000:004020ec 0d090e0450 mov gs, [ecx+32h] \\1000:004020f1 8e6932 int 08h \\1000:004020f4 cd08 sub al, 5ch \\1000:004020f6 2c5c push ss \\1000:004020f8 16 adc eax, [ebx+ebp] \\1000:004020f9 13042b dec esi \\1000:004020fc 4e push cs \\1000:004020fd 0e add al, 50h \\1000:004020fe 0450 adc [edx+ebx*4], eax \\1000:00402100 11049a jc 402112h \\1000:00402103 720d add [eax], al \\1000:00402105 0000 jo 402131h \\1000:00402107 7028 or [eax], eax \\1000:00402109 0900 add [edx], cl \\1000:0040210b 000a xor esi, [esi] \\1000:0040210d 3336 pop es \\1000:0040210f 07 adc [edx+ebx*4], eax \\1000:00402110 11049a outsd \\1000:00402113 6f pop es \\1000:00402114 07 add [eax], al \\1000:00402115 0000 or ch, [edi+0ah] \\1000:00402117 0a6f0a add [eax], al \\1000:0040211a 0000 or dl, [ebx] \\1000:0040211c 0a13 push es \\1000:0040211e 06 add eax, 9a041150h \\1000:0040211f 055011049a sub [ebx], cl \\1000:00402124 280b add [eax], al \\1000:00402126 0000 or dl, [edx] \\1000:00402128 0a12 push es \\1000:0040212a 06 adc al, [c28h] \\1000:0040212b 1205280c0000 xrefs first: 1000:00402107 number : 1 \\; or ch, [edx+eax] \\1000:00402131 0a2c02 sub ebx, [esi] \\1000:00402134 2b1e push cs \\1000:00402136 0e add al, 50h \\1000:00402137 0450 adc [edi+eax], eax \\1000:00402139 110407 adc [edx+ebx*4], eax \\1000:0040213c 11049a outsd \\1000:0040213f 6f pop es \\1000:00402140 07 add [eax], al \\1000:00402141 0000 or ah, [edx+58170411h] \\1000:00402143 0aa211041758 adc eax, [ecx+edx] \\1000:00402149 130411 add al, 0eh \\1000:0040214c 040e add al, 50h \\1000:0040214e 0450 mov gs, [ecx+32h] \\1000:00402150 8e6932 test eax, 58170811h \\1000:00402153 a911081758 adc ecx, [eax] \\1000:00402158 1308 adc [eax], ecx \\1000:0040215a 1108 adc [edi], eax \\1000:0040215c 1107 mov gs, [ecx+3fh] \\1000:0040215e 8e693f sub al, ffh \\1000:00402161 2cff db ff \\1000:00402163 ff jmp [edx] \\1000:00402164 ff2a add [eax], al \\1000:00402166 0000 adc esi, [eax] \\1000:00402168 1330 add eax, 8100h \\1000:0040216a 0500810000 add [edx], al \\1000:0040216f 0002 add [eax], al \\1000:00402171 0000 adc [edx+esi*2], eax \\1000:00402173 110472 xor eax, [eax] \\1000:00402176 3300 add [eax+28h], dh \\1000:00402178 007028 add al, [eax] \\1000:0040217b 0200 add [edx], cl \\1000:0040217d 000a sub al, 09h \\1000:0040217f 2c09 add ebp, [eax] \\1000:00402181 0328 or eax, a0a0000h \\1000:00402183 0d00000a0a sub eax, [edi] \\1000:00402188 2b07 add al, 28h \\1000:0040218a 0428 push cs \\1000:0040218c 0e add [eax], al \\1000:0040218d 0000 or cl, [edx] \\1000:0040218f 0a0a push es \\1000:00402191 06 add eax, f6f1717h \\1000:00402192 0517176f0f add [eax], al \\1000:00402197 0000 or cl, [ebx] \\1000:00402199 0a0b push ss \\1000:0040219b 16 lea eax, [edx] \\1000:0040219c 8d02 add [eax], al \\1000:0040219e 0000 add [esi+ecx], ecx \\1000:004021a0 010c0e add al, 2ch \\1000:004021a3 042c push cs \\1000:004021a5 260e add al, 8eh \\1000:004021a7 048e c160d imul edi, [eax+28dh], d160c01h \\1000:004021a9 69b88d020000010c sub edx, [eax] \\1000:004021b3 2b10 or [ecx], cl \\1000:004021b5 0809 push cs \\1000:004021b7 0e add al, 09h \\1000:004021b8 0409 callf 0000:106f9a09h \\1000:004021ba 9a6f100000 or ah, [edx+d581709h] \\1000:004021bf 0aa20917580d or [esi], ecx \\1000:004021c5 090e add al, 8eh \\1000:004021c7 048e imul esi, [edx], 17202e9h \\1000:004021c9 6932e9027201 add [eax], al \\1000:004021cf 0000 jo 4021dah \\1000:004021d1 7007 db 0f \\1000:004021d3 0f add al, 12h \\1000:004021d4 0412 add ch, [eax] \\1000:004021d6 0228 add [eax], eax \\1000:004021d8 0100 xrefs first: 1000:004021d1 number : 1 \\; add [esi], al \\1000:004021da 0006 pop es \\1000:004021dc 07 or [edi+11h], ch \\1000:004021dd 086f11 add [eax], al \\1000:004021e0 0000 or dl, [ebx] \\1000:004021e2 0a13 add al, 11h \\1000:004021e4 0411 add al, 0eh \\1000:004021e6 040e add al, 6fh \\1000:004021e8 046f adc al, [eax] \\1000:004021ea 1200 add [edx], cl \\1000:004021ec 000a adc eax, [511002bh] \\1000:004021ee 13052b001105 sub al, [eax] \\1000:004021f4 2a00 add [eax], al \\1000:004021f6 0000 adc esi, [eax] \\1000:004021f8 1330 add eax, 4e00h \\1000:004021fa 05004e0000 add [ebx], al \\1000:004021ff 0003 add [eax], al \\1000:00402201 0000 adc [ebx], eax \\1000:00402203 1103 outsd \\1000:00402205 6f adc [eax], al \\1000:00402206 1000 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402208 000a or al, [8db8698eh] \\1000:0040220a 0a058e69b88d add al, [eax] \\1000:00402210 0200 add [ecx], al \\1000:00402212 0001 or edx, [esi] \\1000:00402214 0b16 or al, 2bh \\1000:00402216 0c2b db 0f \\1000:00402218 0f pop es \\1000:00402219 07 or [106f9a08h], al \\1000:0040221a 0805089a6f10 add [eax], al \\1000:00402220 0000 or ah, [edx+c581708h] \\1000:00402222 0aa20817580c or [eb32698eh], al \\1000:00402228 08058e6932eb add al, [esi+eax] \\1000:0040222e 020406 lsl edx, [edx] \\1000:00402231 0f0312 add [eax], ebp \\1000:00402234 0128 add [eax], eax \\1000:00402236 0100 add [esi], al \\1000:00402238 0006 push es \\1000:0040223a 06 add al, 07h \\1000:0040223b 0407 outsd \\1000:0040223d 6f adc eax, [eax] \\1000:0040223e 1300 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402240 000a or eax, 6f050309h \\1000:00402242 0d0903056f adc al, 00h \\1000:00402247 1400 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402249 000a adc eax, [ebx+ebp] \\1000:0040224b 13042b add [ecx], dl \\1000:0040224e 0011 add al, 2ah \\1000:00402250 042a add [eax], al \\1000:00402252 0000 adc esi, [eax] \\1000:00402254 1330 add eax, 7600h \\1000:00402256 0500760000 add [eax+eax], al \\1000:0040225b 000400 add [ecx], dl \\1000:0040225e 0011 add al, 72h \\1000:00402260 0472 xor eax, [eax] \\1000:00402262 3300 add [eax+28h], dh \\1000:00402264 007028 add al, [eax] \\1000:00402267 0200 add [edx], cl \\1000:00402269 000a sub al, 09h \\1000:0040226b 2c09 add ebp, [eax] \\1000:0040226d 0328 or eax, a0a0000h \\1000:0040226f 0d00000a0a sub eax, [edi] \\1000:00402274 2b07 add al, 28h \\1000:00402276 0428 push cs \\1000:00402278 0e add [eax], al \\1000:00402279 0000 or cl, [edx] \\1000:0040227b 0a0a push es \\1000:0040227d 06 add eax, f6f1717h \\1000:0040227e 0517176f0f add [eax], al \\1000:00402283 0000 or cl, [ebx] \\1000:00402285 0a0b push cs \\1000:00402287 0e add eax, 8db8698eh \\1000:00402288 058e69b88d add al, [eax] \\1000:0040228d 0200 add [ecx], al \\1000:0040228f 0001 or al, 16h \\1000:00402291 0c16 or eax, 908102bh \\1000:00402293 0d2b100809 push cs \\1000:00402298 0e add eax, 106f9a09h \\1000:00402299 05099a6f10 add [eax], al \\1000:0040229e 0000 or ah, [edx+d581709h] \\1000:004022a0 0aa20917580d or [esi], ecx \\1000:004022a6 090e add eax, e932698eh \\1000:004022a8 058e6932e9 add cl, [esi] \\1000:004022ad 020e add al, 07h \\1000:004022af 0407 db 0f \\1000:004022b1 0f add eax, 1280212h \\1000:004022b2 0512022801 add [eax], al \\1000:004022b7 0000 push es \\1000:004022b9 06 pop es \\1000:004022ba 07 push cs \\1000:004022bb 0e add al, 08h \\1000:004022bc 0408 outsd \\1000:004022be 6f adc eax, [eax] \\1000:004022bf 1300 add [edx], cl \\1000:004022c1 000a adc eax, [ecx+edx] \\1000:004022c3 130411 add al, 14h \\1000:004022c6 0414 push cs \\1000:004022c8 0e add eax, 146fh \\1000:004022c9 056f140000 or dl, [ebx] \\1000:004022ce 0a13 add eax, 511002bh \\1000:004022d0 052b001105 sub al, [eax] \\1000:004022d5 2a00 add [ebx], dl \\1000:004022d7 0013 xor [eax+eax], al \\1000:004022d9 300400 jbe 4022deh \\1000:004022dc 7600 xrefs first: 1000:004022dc number : 1 \\; add fs:[esi+45h], cl \\1000:004034fc 64004e45 push esp \\1000:00403500 54 dec ecx \\1000:00403501 49 xrefs first: 1000:004034b2 number : 1 \\; outsb \\1000:00403502 6e jbe 403574h \\1000:00403503 766f imul esp, [ebp+43h], 6ch \\1000:00403505 6b65436c popad \\1000:00403509 61 jnc 40357fh \\1000:0040350a 7373 dec ebp \\1000:0040350c 4d jz 403578h \\1000:0040350d 657468 outsd \\1000:00403510 6f add fs:[esi+45h], cl \\1000:00403511 64004e45 push esp \\1000:00403515 54 push ebx \\1000:00403516 53 jz 40355fh \\1000:00403517 657445 outsb \\1000:0040351a 6e jnz 40358ah \\1000:0040351b 756d push esi \\1000:0040351d 56 xrefs first: 1000:004034b7 number : 1 \\; popad \\1000:0040351e 61 insb \\1000:0040351f 6c jnz 403587h \\1000:00403520 7565 add [esi+45h], cl \\1000:00403522 004e45 push esp \\1000:00403525 54 inc edi \\1000:00403526 47 db 65 ;'e' \\1000:00403527 65 xrefs first: 1000:004034be number : 1 \\; db 74 ;'t' \\1000:00403528 74 db 50 ;'p' \\1000:00403529 50 db 72 ;'r' \\1000:0040352a 72 db 6f ;'o' \\1000:0040352b 6f db 70 ;'p' \\1000:0040352c 70 db 65 ;'e' \\1000:0040352d 65 db 72 ;'r' \\1000:0040352e 72 db 74 ;'t' \\1000:0040352f 74 db 79 ;'y' \\1000:00403530 79 db 00 \\1000:00403531 00 db 4e ;'n' \\1000:00403532 4e db 45 ;'e' \\1000:00403533 45 db 54 ;'t' \\1000:00403534 54 db 47 ;'g' \\1000:00403535 47 db 65 ;'e' \\1000:00403536 65 db 74 ;'t' \\1000:00403537 74 db 46 ;'f' \\1000:00403538 46 db 69 ;'i' \\1000:00403539 69 db 65 ;'e' \\1000:0040353a 65 db 6c ;'l' \\1000:0040353b 6c db 64 ;'d' \\1000:0040353c 64 db 00 \\1000:0040353d 00 could not fit the rest in because of Stack overflow limitions

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• Imagemagick PDF to JPG conversion failing

  - by sbressler

  I'm trying to convert the first page of a PDF to a JPG. I'm pretty sure I got this to work with certain PDFs, but is it really possible that certain PDFs are made incorrectly and cannot be converted? I tried running this first: $ convert 10-03-26.pdf[1] test.jpg And I got the follow: Error: /syntaxerror in readxref Operand stack: Execution stack: %interp_exit .runexec2 --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- 2 %stopped_push --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- false 1 %stopped_push 1 3 %oparray_pop 1 3 %oparray_pop --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- Dictionary stack: --dict:1062/1417(ro)(G)-- --dict:0/20(G)-- --dict:73/200(L)-- --dict:73/200(L)-- --dict:97/127(ro)(G)-- --dict:229/230(ro)(G)-- --dict:14/15(L)-- Current allocation mode is local ESP Ghostscript 7.07.1: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1 convert: Postscript delegate failed `10-03-26.pdf'. Running this instead: $ convert -verbose -colorspace rgb '10-03-26.pdf[1]' test.jpg I get the following: Error: /syntaxerror in readxref Operand stack: Execution stack: %interp_exit .runexec2 --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- 2 %stopped_push --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- false 1 %stopped_push 1 3 %oparray_pop 1 3 %oparray_pop --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval-- Dictionary stack: --dict:1062/1417(ro)(G)-- --dict:0/20(G)-- --dict:73/200(L)-- --dict:73/200(L)-- --dict:97/127(ro)(G)-- --dict:229/230(ro)(G)-- --dict:14/15(L)-- Current allocation mode is local ESP Ghostscript 7.07.1: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1 "gs" -q -dBATCH -dSAFER -dMaxBitmap=500000000 -dNOPAUSE -dAlignToPixels=0 "-sDEVICE=pnmraw" -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 "-g792x1611" "-r72x72" -dFirstPage=2 -dLastPage=2 "-sOutputFile=/tmp/magick-XXU3T44P" "-f/tmp/magick-XXoMKL8Z" "-f/tmp/magic2eec1F"Start of Image Define Huffman Table 0x00 0 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Define Huffman Table 0x01 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Define Huffman Table 0x10 0 2 1 3 3 2 4 3 5 5 4 4 0 0 1 125 Define Huffman Table 0x11 0 2 1 2 4 4 3 4 7 5 4 4 0 1 2 119 End Of Image convert: Postscript delegate failed `10-03-26.pdf'. Why would the conversion fail? Thanks!

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• Linux Kernel programming: trying to get vm_area_struct->vm_start crashes kernel

  - by confusedKid

  Hi, this is for an assignment at school, where I need to determine the size of the processes on the system using a system call. My code is as follows: ... struct task_struct *p; struct vm_area_struct *v; struct mm_struct *m; read_lock(&tasklist_lock); for_each_process(p) { printk("%ld\n", p->pid); m = p->mm; v = m->mmap; long start = v->vm_start; printk("vm_start is %ld\n", start); } read_unlock(&tasklist_lock); ... When I run a user level program that calls this system call, the output that I get is: 1 vm_start is 134512640 2 EIP: 0073:[<0806e352] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:0f7ecf04 EFLAGS: 00010246 Not tainted EAX: 00000000 EBX: 0fc587c0 ECX: 081fbb58 EDX: 00000000 ESI: bf88efe0 EDI: 0f482284 EBP: 0f7ecf10 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9bc0: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9bec: [<080587ac] segv+0x225/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel mode fault at addr 0x0, ip 0x806e352 EIP: 0073:[<400ea0f2] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:bf88ef9c EFLAGS: 00000246 Not tainted EAX: ffffffda EBX: 00000000 ECX: bf88efc8 EDX: 080483c8 ESI: 00000000 EDI: bf88efe0 EBP: bf88f038 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9b28: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9b54: [<08058a1a] panic_exit+0x25/0x3f 081f9b68: [<08084f54] notifier_call_chain+0x21/0x46 081f9b88: [<08084fef] __atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x17/0x19 081f9ba4: [<08085006] atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x15/0x17 081f9bc0: [<0807039a] panic+0x52/0xd8 081f9be0: [<080587ba] segv+0x233/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 The first process (pid = 1) gave me the vm_start without any problems, but when I try to access the second process, the kernel crashes. Can anyone tell me what's wrong, and maybe how to fix it as well? Thanks a lot! (sorry for the bad formatting....) edit: This is done in a Fedora 2.6 core in an uml environment.

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• Inconsistent get_class_methods vs method_exists when using UTF8 characters in PHP code

  - by coma

  I have this class in a UTF-8 encoded file called EnUTF8.Class.php: class EnUTF8 { public function ñññ() { return 'ñññ()'; } } and in another UTF-8 encoded file: require_once('EnUTF8.Class.php'); require_once('OneBuggy.Class.php'); $utf8 = new EnUTF8(); //$buggy = new OneBuggy(); echo (method_exists($utf8, 'ñññ')) ? 'ñññ() exists!' : 'ñññ() does not exist...'; echo "\n\n----------------------------------\n\n" print_r(get_class_methods($utf8)); echo "\n----------------------------------\n\n" echo $utf8->ñññ(); that produces the expected result: ñññ() exists! ---------------------------------- Array ( [0] => ñññ ) ---------------------------------- ñññ() but if... require_once('EnUTF8.Class.php'); require_once('OneBuggy.Class.php'); $utf8 = new EnUTF8(); $buggy = new OneBuggy(); echo (method_exists($utf8, 'ñññ')) ? 'ñññ() exists!' : 'ñññ() does not exist...'; echo "\n\n----------------------------------\n\n" print_r(get_class_methods($utf8)); echo "\n----------------------------------\n\n" echo $utf8->ñññ(); then the weirdness appears!!!: ñññ() does not exist! ---------------------------------- Array ( [0] => ñññ ) ---------------------------------- Fatal error: Call to undefined method EnUTF8::ñññ() in /var/www/test.php on line 16 Well, the thing is that OneBuggy.Class.php is UTF-8 encoded too and shares absolutly nothing with EnUTF8.Class.php so... where is the bug? UPDATED: Well, after a long debugging time I found this in OneBuggy.Class.php constructor: setlocale (LC_ALL, "es_ES@euro", "es_ES", "esp"); so I did... //setlocale (LC_ALL, "es_ES@euro", "es_ES", "esp"); and now it works but why?.

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• GCC emits extra code for boost::shared_ptr dereference

  - by Checkers

  I have the following code: #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> struct Foo { int a; }; static int A; void func_shared(const boost::shared_ptr<Foo> &foo) { A = foo->a; } void func_raw(Foo * const foo) { A = foo->a; } I thought the compiler would create identical code, but for shared_ptr version an extra seemingly redundant instruction is emitted. Disassembly of section .text: 00000000 <func_raw(Foo*)>: 0: 55 push ebp 1: 89 e5 mov ebp,esp 3: 8b 45 08 mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp+8] 6: 5d pop ebp 7: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 9: a3 00 00 00 00 mov ds:0x0,eax e: c3 ret f: 90 nop 00000010 <func_shared(boost::shared_ptr<Foo> const&)>: 10: 55 push ebp 11: 89 e5 mov ebp,esp 13: 8b 45 08 mov eax,DWORD PTR [ebp+8] 16: 5d pop ebp 17: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 19: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 1b: a3 00 00 00 00 mov ds:0x0,eax 20: c3 ret I'm just curious, is this necessary, or it is just an optimizer's shortcoming? Compiling with g++ 4.1.2, -O3 -NDEBUG.

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• i386 assembly question: why do I need to meddle with the stack pointer?

  - by zneak

  Hello everyone, I decided it would be fun to learn x86 assembly during the summer break. So I started with a very simple hello world program, borrowing on free examples gcc -S could give me. I ended up with this: HELLO: .ascii "Hello, world!\12\0" .text .globl _main _main: pushl %ebp # 1. puts the base stack address on the stack movl %esp, %ebp # 2. puts the base stack address in the stack address register subl $20, %esp # 3. ??? pushl $HELLO # 4. push HELLO's address on the stack call _puts # 5. call puts xorl %eax, %eax # 6. zero %eax, probably not necessary since we didn't do anything with it leave # 7. clean up ret # 8. return # PROFIT! It compiles and even works! And I think I understand most of it. Though, magic happens at step 3. Would I remove this line, my program would die between the call to puts and the xor from a misaligned stack error. And would I change $20 to another value, it'd crash too. So I came to the conclusion that this value is very important. Problem is, I don't know what it does and why it's needed. Can anyone explain me? (I'm on Mac OS, would it ever matter.)

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• I'm about to learn x86 assembly on os x 10.6 let me know how compile..plz

  - by kevin choung

  hello~ I'm about to learn x86 assembly language on mac os x... I'm using as instruction to compile assembly file in commend window. but I have several errors.. and I don't know how I can get through.. here is the errors and my assembly code.. which is quite simple. **ung-mi-lims-macbook-pro:pa2 ungmi$ as swap.s swap.s:16:Unknown pseudo-op: .type swap.s:16:Rest of line ignored. 1st junk character valued 115 (s). swap.s:19:suffix or operands invalid for `push' swap.s:46:suffix or operands invalid for `pop' ung-mi-lims-macbook-pro:pa2 ungmi$** and the source is .text .align 4 .globl swap .type swap,@function swap: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp movl %ebp, %esp popl %ebp ret and I searched some solution which is I have to put -arch i386 than **ung-mi-lims-macbook-pro:pa2 ungmi$ as -arch i386 swap.s swap.s:16:Unknown pseudo-op: .type swap.s:16:Rest of line ignored. 1st junk character valued 115 (s). ung-mi-lims-macbook-pro:pa2 ungmi$** could you help me out.. just let me know what I need to compile assembly file.. I have xcode already.. and I'd rather to do this with commend window..and vi editor.. I will be waiting for your answer... plz help me.

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• help me improve my sse yuv to rgb ssse3 code

  - by David McPaul

  Hello, I am looking to optimise some sse code I wrote for converting yuv to rgb (both planar and packed yuv functions). i am using SSSE3 at the moment but if there are useful functions from later sse versions thats ok. I am mainly interested in how I would work out processor stalls and the like. Anyone know of any tools that do static analysis of sse code? ; ; Copyright (C) 2009-2010 David McPaul ; ; All rights reserved. Distributed under the terms of the MIT License. ; ; A rather unoptimised set of ssse3 yuv to rgb converters ; does 8 pixels per loop ; inputer: ; reads 128 bits of yuv 8 bit data and puts ; the y values converted to 16 bit in xmm0 ; the u values converted to 16 bit and duplicated into xmm1 ; the v values converted to 16 bit and duplicated into xmm2 ; conversion: ; does the yuv to rgb conversion using 16 bit integer and the ; results are placed into the following registers as 8 bit clamped values ; r values in xmm3 ; g values in xmm4 ; b values in xmm5 ; outputer: ; writes out the rgba pixels as 8 bit values with 0 for alpha ; xmm6 used for scratch ; xmm7 used for scratch %macro cglobal 1 global _%1 %define %1 _%1 align 16 %1: %endmacro ; conversion code %macro yuv2rgbsse2 0 ; u = u - 128 ; v = v - 128 ; r = y + v + v >> 2 + v >> 3 + v >> 5 ; g = y - (u >> 2 + u >> 4 + u >> 5) - (v >> 1 + v >> 3 + v >> 4 + v >> 5) ; b = y + u + u >> 1 + u >> 2 + u >> 6 ; subtract 16 from y movdqa xmm7, [Const16] ; loads a constant using data cache (slower on first fetch but then cached) psubsw xmm0,xmm7 ; y = y - 16 ; subtract 128 from u and v movdqa xmm7, [Const128] ; loads a constant using data cache (slower on first fetch but then cached) psubsw xmm1,xmm7 ; u = u - 128 psubsw xmm2,xmm7 ; v = v - 128 ; load r,b with y movdqa xmm3,xmm0 ; r = y pshufd xmm5,xmm0, 0xE4 ; b = y ; r = y + v + v >> 2 + v >> 3 + v >> 5 paddsw xmm3, xmm2 ; add v to r movdqa xmm7, xmm1 ; move u to scratch pshufd xmm6, xmm2, 0xE4 ; move v to scratch psraw xmm6,2 ; divide v by 4 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r psraw xmm6,1 ; divide v by 2 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r psraw xmm6,2 ; divide v by 4 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r ; b = y + u + u >> 1 + u >> 2 + u >> 6 paddsw xmm5, xmm1 ; add u to b psraw xmm7,1 ; divide u by 2 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b psraw xmm7,1 ; divide u by 2 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b psraw xmm7,4 ; divide u by 32 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b ; g = y - u >> 2 - u >> 4 - u >> 5 - v >> 1 - v >> 3 - v >> 4 - v >> 5 movdqa xmm7,xmm2 ; move v to scratch pshufd xmm6,xmm1, 0xE4 ; move u to scratch movdqa xmm4,xmm0 ; g = y psraw xmm6,2 ; divide u by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm6,2 ; divide u by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm6,1 ; divide u by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,2 ; divide v by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g %endmacro ; outputer %macro rgba32sse2output 0 ; clamp values pxor xmm7,xmm7 packuswb xmm3,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack R to 8 bit per pixel packuswb xmm4,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack G to 8 bit per pixel packuswb xmm5,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack B to 8 bit per pixel ; convert to bgra32 packed punpcklbw xmm5,xmm4 ; bgbgbgbgbgbgbgbg movdqa xmm0, xmm5 ; save bg values punpcklbw xmm3,xmm7 ; r0r0r0r0r0r0r0r0 punpcklwd xmm5,xmm3 ; lower half bgr0bgr0bgr0bgr0 punpckhwd xmm0,xmm3 ; upper half bgr0bgr0bgr0bgr0 ; write to output ptr movntdq [edi], xmm5 ; output first 4 pixels bypassing cache movntdq [edi+16], xmm0 ; output second 4 pixels bypassing cache %endmacro SECTION .data align=16 Const16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 Const128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 UMask db 0x01 db 0x80 db 0x01 db 0x80 db 0x05 db 0x80 db 0x05 db 0x80 db 0x09 db 0x80 db 0x09 db 0x80 db 0x0d db 0x80 db 0x0d db 0x80 VMask db 0x03 db 0x80 db 0x03 db 0x80 db 0x07 db 0x80 db 0x07 db 0x80 db 0x0b db 0x80 db 0x0b db 0x80 db 0x0f db 0x80 db 0x0f db 0x80 YMask db 0x00 db 0x80 db 0x02 db 0x80 db 0x04 db 0x80 db 0x06 db 0x80 db 0x08 db 0x80 db 0x0a db 0x80 db 0x0c db 0x80 db 0x0e db 0x80 ; void Convert_YUV422_RGBA32_SSSE3(void *fromPtr, void *toPtr, int width) width equ ebp+16 toPtr equ ebp+12 fromPtr equ ebp+8 ; void Convert_YUV420P_RGBA32_SSSE3(void *fromYPtr, void *fromUPtr, void *fromVPtr, void *toPtr, int width) width1 equ ebp+24 toPtr1 equ ebp+20 fromVPtr equ ebp+16 fromUPtr equ ebp+12 fromYPtr equ ebp+8 SECTION .text align=16 cglobal Convert_YUV422_RGBA32_SSSE3 ; reserve variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push edi push esi push ecx mov esi, [fromPtr] mov edi, [toPtr] mov ecx, [width] ; loop width / 8 times shr ecx,3 test ecx,ecx jng ENDLOOP REPEATLOOP: ; loop over width / 8 ; YUV422 packed inputer movdqa xmm0, [esi] ; should have yuyv yuyv yuyv yuyv pshufd xmm1, xmm0, 0xE4 ; copy to xmm1 movdqa xmm2, xmm0 ; copy to xmm2 ; extract both y giving y0y0 pshufb xmm0, [YMask] ; extract u and duplicate so each u in yuyv becomes u0u0 pshufb xmm1, [UMask] ; extract v and duplicate so each v in yuyv becomes v0v0 pshufb xmm2, [VMask] yuv2rgbsse2 rgba32sse2output ; endloop add edi,32 add esi,16 sub ecx, 1 ; apparently sub is better than dec jnz REPEATLOOP ENDLOOP: ; Cleanup pop ecx pop esi pop edi mov esp, ebp pop ebp ret cglobal Convert_YUV420P_RGBA32_SSSE3 ; reserve variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push edi push esi push ecx push eax push ebx mov esi, [fromYPtr] mov eax, [fromUPtr] mov ebx, [fromVPtr] mov edi, [toPtr1] mov ecx, [width1] ; loop width / 8 times shr ecx,3 test ecx,ecx jng ENDLOOP1 REPEATLOOP1: ; loop over width / 8 ; YUV420 Planar inputer movq xmm0, [esi] ; fetch 8 y values (8 bit) yyyyyyyy00000000 movd xmm1, [eax] ; fetch 4 u values (8 bit) uuuu000000000000 movd xmm2, [ebx] ; fetch 4 v values (8 bit) vvvv000000000000 ; extract y pxor xmm7,xmm7 ; 00000000000000000000000000000000 punpcklbw xmm0,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm0 y0y0y0y0y0y0y0y0 ; extract u and duplicate so each becomes 0u0u punpcklbw xmm1,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm1 u0u0u0u000000000 punpcklwd xmm1,xmm7 ; interleave again u000u000u000u000 pshuflw xmm1,xmm1, 0xA0 ; copy u values pshufhw xmm1,xmm1, 0xA0 ; to get u0u0 ; extract v punpcklbw xmm2,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm1 v0v0v0v000000000 punpcklwd xmm2,xmm7 ; interleave again v000v000v000v000 pshuflw xmm2,xmm2, 0xA0 ; copy v values pshufhw xmm2,xmm2, 0xA0 ; to get v0v0 yuv2rgbsse2 rgba32sse2output ; endloop add edi,32 add esi,8 add eax,4 add ebx,4 sub ecx, 1 ; apparently sub is better than dec jnz REPEATLOOP1 ENDLOOP1: ; Cleanup pop ebx pop eax pop ecx pop esi pop edi mov esp, ebp pop ebp ret SECTION .note.GNU-stack noalloc noexec nowrite progbits

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• Add two 32-bit integers in Assembler for use in VB6

  - by Emtucifor

  I would like to come up with the byte code in assembler (assembly?) for Windows machines to add two 32-bit longs and throw away the carry bit. I realize the "Windows machines" part is a little vague, but I'm assuming that the bytes for ADD are pretty much the same in all modern Intel instruction sets. I'm just trying to abuse VB a little and make some things faster. So... if the string "8A4C240833C0F6C1E075068B442404D3E0C20800" is the assembly code for SHL that can be "injected" into a VB6 program for a fast SHL operation expecting two Long parameters (we're ignoring here that 32-bit longs in VB6 are signed, just pretend they are unsigned), what is the hex string of bytes representing assembler instructions that will do the same thing to return the sum? The hex code above for SHL is, according to the author: mov eax, [esp+4] mov cl, [esp+8] shl eax, cl ret 8 I spit those bytes into a file and tried unassembling them in a windows command prompt using the old debug utility, but I figured out it's not working with the newer instruction set because it didn't like EAX when I tried assembling something but it was happy with AX. I know from comments in the source code that SHL EAX, CL is D3E0, but I don't have any reference to know what the bytes are for instruction ADD EAX, CL or I'd try it. I tried flat assembler and am not getting anything I can figure out how to use. I used it to assemble the original SHL code and got a very different result, not the same bytes. Help?

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• Are programming languages and methods inefficient? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in assembler form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually truly believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1: Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when address you desire is further translated before reaching actual RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Because you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect addressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2: Variable allocation duplicity: When you run application, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actual instruction for do so, and that actual number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in form of instruction, second in form of actual bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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• What does the windbg command "kd" do?

  - by Oskar

  I ran kd by mistake and got some output that inteerested me, a reference to a line of code in my module that I can't see on the call stack of any thread. The lines weren't the beginnning of the method so I don't think the reference is to a function pointer, but possibly the result of an exception being stored in memory??? Of course, that happens to be what I'm looking for... Update: The stack trace of the exception is: 0:000> kb *** Stack trace for last set context - .thread/.cxr resets it ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child 0174f168 734ea84f 2cb9e950 00000000 2cb9e950 kernel32!LoadTimeZoneInformation+0x2b 0174f1c4 734ead92 00000022 00000001 000685d0 msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::ExecuteInitTerm+0x178 0174f1f8 734ea9ee 00000000 0000002f 2dbc2abc msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::CreateObjInstanceWithParts+0x1e4 0174f278 7350414e 2cb9e96c 00000000 0174f2f0 msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::CreateObjInstance+0x14d 0174f2e4 734fa071 00000000 2cb9e96c 0174f2fc msvbvm60!RcmConstructObjectInstance+0x75 0174f31c 00976ef1 2cb9e950 00591bc0 0174fddc msvbvm60!__vbaNew+0x21 and into our code (create a new Form derived class) the dds output: 0:000> dds esp-0x40 esp+0x100 0174f05c 00000000 0174f060 00000000 0174f064 00000000 0174f068 00000000 0174f06c 00000000 0174f070 00000000 0174f074 00000000 0174f078 00000000 0174f07c 00000000 0174f080 00000000 0174f084 00000000 0174f088 00000000 0174f08c 00000000 0174f090 00000000 0174f094 00000000 0174f098 00000000 0174f09c 007f4f9b ourDll!formDerivedClass::Form_Initialize+0x10b [C:\Buildbox\formDerivedClass.frm @ 1452] etc which seems to indicate that Initialize is being called even though it isn't on the stack trace of either this exception or any of the threads. As suggested, it might all be a mismatch between pdbs and dlls, but it seems a coincidence that we end up in the right classes and methods

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• Are programming languages and methods ineffective? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in asemlber form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually trully believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1, Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when adress you desire is further translated before reaching actuall RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Becouse you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect adressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2, Variable allocation duplicitly: When you run aaplication, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actuall instruction for do so, and that actuall number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in fomr of instruction, second in form of actuall bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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• Text Display Quality under Visio 2010 Beta

  - by Toro

  I'm missing text display quality settings (esp. ClearType) under Visio 2010 Beta. Any idea how to turn on ClearType rendering?

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• Text Display Quality under Visio 2010

  - by Toro

  I'm missing text display quality settings (esp. ClearType) under Visio 2010. Any idea how to turn on ClearType rendering?

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• Text Display Quality in Visio 2010

  - by Toro

  I'm missing text display quality settings (esp. ClearType) under Visio 2010. Any idea how to turn on ClearType rendering?

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• Does iPhone mail fetch frequency affect battery life?

  - by user18169

  I know that the Settings menu says that less frequent fetches improve battery life, but is the increase significant, esp. on a device with lots of batty like the iPad? What is the difference between 1-hour fetch, 15 minute fetch, and manual in terms of battery life?

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• re-use '~/.profile` for Fish?

  - by Albert

  (I'm talking about the shell Fish, esp. Fish's Fish.) For Bash/ZSH, I had ~/.profile with some exports, aliases and other stuff. I don't want to have a separate config for environment variables for Fish, I want to re-use my ~/.profile. How? In The FAQ, it is stated that I can at least import those via /usr/local/share/fish/tools/import_bash_settings.py, however I don't really like running that for each Fish-instance.

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• How do I remove automatically added keyboard layouts?

  - by Diego

  I have a Spanish keyboard on my notebook, but I use it mostly for English and Chinese writing. This is how I configured the languages: However, Windows added some layouts on its own (probably when connecting via Remote Desktop to computers with different languages/layouts): Those layouts are all part of the AltShift cycle, which is extremely annoying. How can I remove ENG/US and ESP, considering they don't show in the configuration list? Is there a way to prevent them from being added again?

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• Threading extra state through a parser in Scala

  - by Travis Brown

  I'll give you the tl;dr up front I'm trying to use the state monad transformer in Scalaz 7 to thread extra state through a parser, and I'm having trouble doing anything useful without writing a lot of t m a -> t m b versions of m a -> m b methods. An example parsing problem Suppose I have a string containing nested parentheses with digits inside them: val input = "((617)((0)(32)))" I also have a stream of fresh variable names (characters, in this case): val names = Stream('a' to 'z': _*) I want to pull a name off the top of the stream and assign it to each parenthetical expression as I parse it, and then map that name to a string representing the contents of the parentheses, with the nested parenthetical expressions (if any) replaced by their names. To make this more concrete, here's what I'd want the output to look like for the example input above: val target = Map( 'a' -> "617", 'b' -> "0", 'c' -> "32", 'd' -> "bc", 'e' -> "ad" ) There may be either a string of digits or arbitrarily many sub-expressions at a given level, but these two kinds of content won't be mixed in a single parenthetical expression. To keep things simple, we'll assume that the stream of names will never contain either duplicates or digits, and that it will always contain enough names for our input. Using parser combinators with a bit of mutable state The example above is a slightly simplified version of the parsing problem in this Stack Overflow question. I answered that question with a solution that looked roughly like this: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ class ParenParser(names: Iterator[Char]) extends RegexParsers { def paren: Parser[List[(Char, String)]] = "(" ~> contents <~ ")" ^^ { case (s, m) => (names.next -> s) :: m } def contents: Parser[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = "\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil) | rep1(paren) ^^ ( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String) = parseAll(paren, s).map(_.toMap) } It's not too bad, but I'd prefer to avoid the mutable state. What I want Haskell's Parsec library makes adding user state to a parser trivially easy: import Control.Applicative ((*>), (<$>), (<*)) import Data.Map (fromList) import Text.Parsec paren = do (s, m) <- char '(' *> contents <* char ')' h : t <- getState putState t return $ (h, s) : m where contents = flip (,) [] <$> many1 digit <|> (\ps -> (map (fst . head) ps, concat ps)) <$> many1 paren main = print $ runParser (fromList <$> paren) ['a'..'z'] "example" "((617)((0)(32)))" This is a fairly straightforward translation of my Scala parser above, but without mutable state. What I've tried I'm trying to get as close to the Parsec solution as I can using Scalaz's state monad transformer, so instead of Parser[A] I'm working with StateT[Parser, Stream[Char], A]. I have a "solution" that allows me to write the following: import scala.util.parsing.combinator._ import scalaz._, Scalaz._ object ParenParser extends ExtraStateParsers[Stream[Char]] with RegexParsers { protected implicit def monadInstance = parserMonad(this) def paren: ESP[List[(Char, String)]] = (lift("(" ) ~> contents <~ lift(")")).flatMap { case (s, m) => get.flatMap( names => put(names.tail).map(_ => (names.head -> s) :: m) ) } def contents: ESP[(String, List[(Char, String)])] = lift("\\d+".r ^^ (_ -> Nil)) | rep1(paren).map( ps => ps.map(_.head._1).mkString -> ps.flatten ) def parse(s: String, names: Stream[Char]) = parseAll(paren.eval(names), s).map(_.toMap) } This works, and it's not that much less concise than either the mutable state version or the Parsec version. But my ExtraStateParsers is ugly as sin—I don't want to try your patience more than I already have, so I won't include it here (although here's a link, if you really want it). I've had to write new versions of every Parser and Parsers method I use above for my ExtraStateParsers and ESP types (rep1, ~>, <~, and |, in case you're counting). If I had needed to use other combinators, I'd have had to write new state transformer-level versions of them as well. Is there a cleaner way to do this? I'd love to see an example of a Scalaz 7's state monad transformer being used to thread state through a parser, but Scala 6 or Haskell examples would also be useful.

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• Assembly keep getting seg fault when working with stack [migrated]

  - by user973917

  I'm trying to learn assembly and have found that I keep getting segfaults when trying to push/pop data off of the stack. I've read a few guides and know how the stack works and how to work with the stack; but don't know why I keep getting the error. Can someone help? segment .data myvar: db "hello world", 0xA0, 0 myvarL: equ $-myvar segment .text global _start _start: push ebp mov ebp, esp push myvarL push myvar call _hworld _hworld: mov eax, 4 mov ebx, 1 mov ecx, [ebp+4] mov edx, [ebp+8] pop ebp int 0x80 ret I'm assuming that the +4 is 32 bits, then +8 is 64 bits. It isn't really clear to me why this way is being done on some of the guides I've read. I would assume that myvar is 13 bits?

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• Bad FPS for smaller size (OpenGL ES with SDL)

  - by ber4444

  If you saw my other question, well, there is still a little problem: Click here to watch on youtube Basically, the frame rate is very bad on the actual device, where for some reason the animation is scaled (it looks like the left side on the video). It is quite fast on the simulator where it is not scaled (right side). For a test, I submitted this new changeset that hard-codes the smaller size (plus increases the point size for HII regions to make the dust clouds more visible), and as you see in the video, now it is slow even in the simulator (left side shows the small size, right side shows the original size -- otherwise the code is the same). I'm clueless why it's soooo slow with a smaller galaxy, in fact it should be FASTER. As for general speed optimization (which is not strictly part of my question but is closely related to it, esp. if we need a workaround to speed things up), some initial ideas: reducing the number of items drawn may affect the appearance negatively but screen resolution could be reduced there are too many glBegin(GL_POINTS)/glEnd() blocks, we could draw more than just a single star at once

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• How can I read kindle book under xfce(ubuntu)? (using chromebook)(wine not working)

  - by yshn

  I'm using chromebook, dual booting xfce(ubuntu) and cr os. The ebook I bought on amazon is not supported on kindle cloud reader. (Under xfce)I downloaded wine and tried installing kindle for pc under wine, and after couples of times of trials, it always said installation error and could not install kindle, and it's been giving me: Unhandled exception: unimplemented function msvcp90.dll.??0?$basic_ofstream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAE@XZ called in 32-bit code (0x7b839cf2). Register dump: CS:0023 SS:002b DS:002b ES:002b FS:0063 GS:006b EIP:7b839cf2 ESP:0033fcd4 EBP:0033fd38 EFLAGS:00000287( - -- I S - -P-C) EAX:7b826245 EBX:7b894ff4 ECX:00000008 EDX:0033fcf4 ESI:80000100 EDI:00dca568 Stack dump: 0x0033fcd4: 0033fd58 00000008 00000030 80000100 0x0033fce4: 00000001 00000000 7b839cf2 00000002 0x0033fcf4: 7e24b340 7e24f2ca 0000000d 00110000 0x0033fd04: 7bc47a0d 7e1dbff4 7e1417f0 00dca568 0x0033fd14: 0033fd24 7bc65d0b 00110000 00000000 0x0033fd24: 0033fd44 7e141801 7b839caa 7e1dbff4 000c: sel=0067 base=00000000 limit=00000000 16-bit r-x Backtrace: =0 0x7b839cf2 in kernel32 (+0x29cf2) (0x0033fd38) 1 0x7e24b2a8 in msvcp90 (+0x3b2a7) (0x0033fd68) 2 0x7e216c9d in msvcp90 (+0x6c9c) (0x0033fde8) 3 0x00938fdd in kindle (+0x538fdc) (0x0033fde8) 4 0x0089dc71 in kindle (+0x49dc70) (0x0033fe70) 5 0x7b859cdc call_process_entry+0xb() in kernel32 (0x0033fe88) 6 0x7b85af4f in kernel32 (+0x4af4e) (0x0033fec8) 7 0x7bc71db0 call_thread_func_wrapper+0xb() in ntdll (0x0033fed8) 8 0x7bc7486d call_thread_func+0x7c() in ntdll (0x0033ffa8) 9 0x7bc71d8e RtlRaiseException+0x21() in ntdll (0x0033ffc8) 10 0x7bc49f4e call_dll_entry_point+0x61d() in ntdll (0x0033ffe8) 0x7b839cf2: subl $4,%esp Modules: Module Address Debug info Name (130 modules) PE 340000- 37d000 Deferred ssleay32 PE 390000- 3ca000 Deferred webcoreviewer PE 3d0000- 3e0000 Deferred pthreadvc2 PE 400000- 1433000 Export kindle PE 1440000- 155c000 Deferred libeay32 PE 1560000- 169f000 Deferred qtscript4 PE 16a0000- 1795000 Deferred libxml2 PE 17a0000- 18c7000 Deferred javascriptcore PE 18d0000- 1974000 Deferred cflite PE 1980000- 2048000 Deferred libwebcore PE 2050000- 208d000 Deferred libjpeg PE 10000000-10a34000 Deferred qtwebkit4 PE 4a800000-4a8eb000 Deferred icuuc46 PE 4a900000-4aa36000 Deferred icuin46 PE 4ad00000-4bb80000 Deferred icudt46 PE 5a4c0000-5a4d4000 Deferred zlib1 PE 61000000-61056000 Deferred qtxml4 PE 62000000-62093000 Deferred qtsql4 PE 64000000-640ef000 Deferred qtnetwork4 PE 65000000-657b8000 Deferred qtgui4 PE 67000000-67228000 Deferred qtcore4 PE 78050000-780b9000 Deferred msvcp100 PE 78aa0000-78b5e000 Deferred msvcr100 ELF 7b800000-7ba15000 Dwarf kernel32 -PE 7b810000-7ba15000 \ kernel32 ELF 7bc00000-7bcc3000 Dwarf ntdll -PE 7bc10000-7bcc3000 \ ntdll ELF 7bf00000-7bf04000 Deferred ELF 7d7f7000-7d800000 Deferred librt.so.1 ELF 7d800000-7d818000 Deferred libresolv.so.2 ELF 7d818000-7d861000 Deferred libdbus-1.so.3 ELF 7d861000-7d873000 Deferred libp11-kit.so.0 ELF 7d873000-7d8f8000 Deferred libgcrypt.so.11 ELF 7d8f8000-7d90a000 Deferred libtasn1.so.3 ELF 7d90a000-7d913000 Deferred libkrb5support.so.0 ELF 7d913000-7d9e2000 Deferred libkrb5.so.3 ELF 7da42000-7da47000 Deferred libgpg-error.so.0 ELF 7da47000-7da6f000 Deferred libk5crypto.so.3 ELF 7da6f000-7da81000 Deferred libavahi-client.so.3 ELF 7da81000-7da8f000 Deferred libavahi-common.so.3 ELF 7da8f000-7db53000 Deferred libgnutls.so.26 ELF 7db53000-7db91000 Deferred libgssapi_krb5.so.2 ELF 7db91000-7dbe4000 Deferred libcups.so.2 ELF 7dc21000-7dc55000 Deferred uxtheme -PE 7dc30000-7dc55000 \ uxtheme ELF 7dc55000-7dc5b000 Deferred libxfixes.so.3 ELF 7dc5b000-7dc66000 Deferred libxcursor.so.1 ELF 7dc6a000-7dc6e000 Deferred libkeyutils.so.1 ELF 7dc6e000-7dc73000 Deferred libcom_err.so.2 ELF 7dca5000-7dccf000 Deferred libexpat.so.1 ELF 7dccf000-7dd03000 Deferred libfontconfig.so.1 ELF 7dd03000-7dd13000 Deferred libxi.so.6 ELF 7dd13000-7dd17000 Deferred libxcomposite.so.1 ELF 7dd17000-7dd20000 Deferred libxrandr.so.2 ELF 7dd20000-7dd2a000 Deferred libxrender.so.1 ELF 7dd2a000-7dd30000 Deferred libxxf86vm.so.1 ELF 7dd30000-7dd34000 Deferred libxinerama.so.1 ELF 7dd34000-7dd3b000 Deferred libxdmcp.so.6 ELF 7dd3b000-7dd5c000 Deferred libxcb.so.1 ELF 7dd5c000-7dd76000 Deferred libice.so.6 ELF 7dd76000-7deaa000 Deferred libx11.so.6 ELF 7deaa000-7debc000 Deferred libxext.so.6 ELF 7debc000-7dec5000 Deferred libsm.so.6 ELF 7ded4000-7df67000 Deferred winex11 -PE 7dee0000-7df67000 \ winex11 ELF 7df67000-7e001000 Deferred libfreetype.so.6 ELF 7e001000-7e023000 Deferred iphlpapi -PE 7e010000-7e023000 \ iphlpapi ELF 7e023000-7e03e000 Deferred wsock32 -PE 7e030000-7e03e000 \ wsock32 ELF 7e03e000-7e071000 Deferred wintrust -PE 7e040000-7e071000 \ wintrust ELF 7e071000-7e129000 Deferred crypt32 -PE 7e080000-7e129000 \ crypt32 ELF 7e129000-7e158000 Deferred msvcr90 -PE 7e130000-7e158000 \ msvcr90 ELF 7e158000-7e1e5000 Deferred msvcrt -PE 7e170000-7e1e5000 \ msvcrt ELF 7e1e5000-7e2ca000 Dwarf msvcp90 -PE 7e210000-7e2ca000 \ msvcp90 ELF 7e2ca000-7e2ec000 Deferred imm32 -PE 7e2d0000-7e2ec000 \ imm32 ELF 7e2ec000-7e3de000 Deferred oleaut32 -PE 7e300000-7e3de000 \ oleaut32 ELF 7e3de000-7e418000 Deferred winspool -PE 7e3f0000-7e418000 \ winspool ELF 7e418000-7e4f7000 Deferred comdlg32 -PE 7e420000-7e4f7000 \ comdlg32 ELF 7e4f7000-7e51f000 Deferred msacm32 -PE 7e500000-7e51f000 \ msacm32 ELF 7e51f000-7e5cc000 Deferred winmm -PE 7e530000-7e5cc000 \ winmm ELF 7e5cc000-7e641000 Deferred rpcrt4 -PE 7e5e0000-7e641000 \ rpcrt4 ELF 7e641000-7e749000 Deferred ole32 -PE 7e660000-7e749000 \ ole32 ELF 7e749000-7e841000 Deferred comctl32 -PE 7e750000-7e841000 \ comctl32 ELF 7e841000-7ea52000 Deferred shell32 -PE 7e850000-7ea52000 \ shell32 ELF 7ea52000-7eabc000 Deferred shlwapi -PE 7ea60000-7eabc000 \ shlwapi ELF 7eabc000-7ead5000 Deferred version -PE 7eac0000-7ead5000 \ version ELF 7ead5000-7eb35000 Deferred advapi32 -PE 7eae0000-7eb35000 \ advapi32 ELF 7eb35000-7ebf2000 Deferred gdi32 -PE 7eb40000-7ebf2000 \ gdi32 ELF 7ebf2000-7ed32000 Deferred user32 -PE 7ec00000-7ed32000 \ user32 ELF 7ed32000-7ed58000 Deferred mpr -PE 7ed40000-7ed58000 \ mpr ELF 7ed58000-7ed6e000 Deferred libz.so.1 ELF 7ed6e000-7eddd000 Deferred wininet -PE 7ed80000-7eddd000 \ wininet ELF 7eddd000-7ee0f000 Deferred ws2_32 -PE 7ede0000-7ee0f000 \ ws2_32 ELF 7ee0f000-7ee1c000 Deferred libnss_files.so.2 ELF 7ee1c000-7ee28000 Deferred libnss_nis.so.2 ELF 7ee28000-7ee42000 Deferred libnsl.so.1 ELF 7ee42000-7ee4b000 Deferred libnss_compat.so.2 ELF 7efd4000-7f000000 Deferred libm.so.6 ELF f74a3000-f74a7000 Deferred libxau.so.6 ELF f74a8000-f74ad000 Deferred libdl.so.2 ELF f74ad000-f7657000 Deferred libc.so.6 ELF f7658000-f7673000 Deferred libpthread.so.0 ELF f7675000-f767b000 Deferred libuuid.so.1 ELF f7682000-f77c4000 Dwarf libwine.so.1 ELF f77c6000-f77e8000 Deferred ld-linux.so.2 ELF f77e8000-f77e9000 Deferred [vdso].so Threads: process tid prio (all id:s are in hex) 0000000e services.exe 0000001f 0 0000001e 0 00000015 0 00000010 0 0000000f 0 00000012 winedevice.exe 0000001c 0 00000019 0 00000014 0 00000013 0 0000001a plugplay.exe 00000020 0 0000001d 0 0000001b 0 00000037 explorer.exe 00000038 0 00000042 (D) C:\Program Files (x86)\Amazon\Kindle\Kindle.exe 00000043 0 <== System information: Wine build: wine-1.4 Platform: i386 (WOW64) Host system: Linux Host version: 3.8.11 How can this be fixed?

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