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  • Creating floppy drive special devices under Quantal

    - by JCCyC
    First, I'd like for the various special devices for different floppy capacities (like /dev/fd0u720 etc.) to be available. I tried to adapt some udev rules I found online. I tried this, which I saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="create_floppy_devices -c -t $attr{cmos} -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k" But to no avail. It seems the create_floppy_devices script isn't provided with 12.10. How do I obtain it? Second: I'm using MATE, and whenever I log in I get a message box saying it tried to mount the drive but failed. How do I disable this? Third (which is probably related to the second): Whenever there's a disk in the drive, the motor won't stop spinning. If I do a mdir of it, after it returns, the motor stops, and then starts again. I suspect there's some process in MATE doing this. UPDATE: For CentOS 6 (who does have a create_floppy_devices program) the following rules file worked. Saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/98-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) # drive A: is type 4 (1.44MB) - add other lines for other drives KERNEL=="fd0*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/lib/udev/create_floppy_devices -c -t 4 -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k"

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  • Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

    - by Andy B
    I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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  • Solaris mounting partitions

    - by Benco
    I'm trying to mount a partition in solaris 10... bash-3.00# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /data mount: /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 is already mounted or /data is busy As far as I know c0t0d0s3 isn't already mounted elsewhere, so what's really going on here? From /etc/mnttab : /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 / ufs rw,intr,largefiles,logging,xattr,onerror=panic,dev=7800001285811136 /devices /devices devfs dev=4840000 1285811125 ctfs /system/contract ctfs dev=48c0001 1285811125 proc /proc proc dev=4880000 1285811125 mnttab /etc/mnttab mntfs dev=4900001 1285811125 swap /etc/svc/volatile tmpfs xattr,dev=4940001 1285811125 objfs /system/object objfs dev=4980001 1285811125 sharefs /etc/dfs/sharetab sharefs dev=49c0001 1285811125 /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap1.so.1 /lib/libc.so.1 lofs dev=780000 1285811131 fd /dev/fd fd rw,dev=4b40001 1285811136 swap /tmp tmpfs xattr,dev=4940002 1285811137 swap /var/run tmpfs xattr,dev=4940003 1285811137 -hosts /net autofs nosuid,indirect,ignore,nobrowse,dev=4c00001 1285811148 auto_home /home autofs indirect,ignore,nobrowse,dev=4c00002 1285811148 cordb:vold(pid530) /vol nfs ignore,noquota,dev=4bc0001 1285811149 I suspect the problem is not related to the mount point, but rather the disk slice I'm trying to mount: bash-3.00# newfs -v /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s3: Device busy

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  • wireless card not detected

    - by user281219
    i have a old HP Compaq NX6125 with a new lunbuntu 14.04 32 bits install , but the wireless card is not working I have already done this steps and the wireless leds on the laptop are on but can't see any where the wireless interface , cloud`t do the last two steps . sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer b43-fwcutter Then Reboot And you need to activate the card from settings/network/wireless make it ON After this search for wireless icon at the task bar and look for your wifi. lshw -class network: *-network:0 description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5788 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:02:01.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: 00:0f:b0:f7:d1:0f size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.134 duplex=full firmware=5788-v3.26 ip=192.168.1.120 latency=64 link=yes mingnt=64 multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:23 memory:d0000000-d000ffff *-network:1 description: Network controller product: BCM4318 [AirForce One 54g] 802.11g Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:02:02.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: bus_master configuration: driver=b43-pci-bridge latency=64 resources: irq:22 memory:d0010000-d0011fff *-network description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 logical name: wlan2 serial: 00:14:a5:77:9e:10 capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=b43 driverversion=3.13.0-29-generic firmware=666.2 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg

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  • Wireless drivers

    - by Kencer
    The results for my laptop are as below. How will i install wireless drivers and graphics? $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) $ sudo lshw -c network *-network UNCLAIMED description: Network controller product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f0500000-f0507fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 07 serial: 3c:97:0e:85:c0:0d size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=172.16.96.36 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:43 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0404000-f0404fff memory:f0400000-f0403fff $ rfkill list all 0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

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  • Can't get wireless working after installing ubuntu 12.10 on acer aspire 5560-7414

    - by markdel
    I have been struggling all day trying different solutions from different posts on how to get my wifi working but none have worked. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Below are some wireless preferences to help find the problem. mark@mark-Aspire-5560:~$ sudo rfkill list all [sudo] password for mark: 0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: 20:6a:8a:7f:63:82 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.123 duplex=full firmware=sb ip=158.65.194.244 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:16 memory:f0000000-f000ffff memory:f0010000-f001ffff memory:f0050000-f00507ff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM43227 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 00 serial: 08:ed:b9:01:e0:8b width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.112 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:18 memory:f0100000-f0103fff

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  • ubuntu 11.10 can't find wireless after waking from sleep

    - by Colleen
    I've tried a lot of proposed solutions, most of them adding files to /etc/pm/config.d, as well as WiFi stops working after waking from suspend and nothing has worked. hardware info: [colleen@colleen-HP ~]$ sudo lshw -C network [sudo] password for colleen: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: 2c:27:d7:b1:ea:67 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:41 ioport:4000(size=256) memory:c1404000-c1404fff memory:c1400000-c1403fff *-network description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Wireless-N 1000 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:0d:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 00 serial: 8c:a9:82:99:48:8c width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlagn driverversion=3.0.0-21-generic-pae firmware=39.31.5.1 build 35138 ip=192.168.0.4 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:48 memory:c5500000-c5501fff Is anyone else still having this problem? The two solutions I haven't tried are installing wicd and upgrading because I've heard both are kind of unstable/buggy and wicd frankly scares me.

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  • Lenovo v570 ubuntu 12.04 wireless hard blocked even when ext. switch is on

    - by user100987
    When I run iwconfig it say's lo and eth0 have no wireless extensions, but wlan0 it says IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=off Retry long limit:7 RTS the:off Fragment the:off Power Management:off and I believe that's my problem, I just don't know how to turn it back on Any help? When I ran lspci | grep Network it gave me this 02:00.0 Network controller: Intell Corporation Centrino Wireless -N + WiMAX 6150 (rev 67) How I know that my wireless is hard blocked because when I run sudo rfkill list all I get 0: Ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: yes when I run lshw -c network I get. *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: mon1 version: 67 serial: 40:25:c2:d2:96:2c width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list logical wireless ethernet physical configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.2.0-32-generic-pae firmware=41.28.5.1 build 33926 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:43 memory:d0500000-d0501fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 06 serial: f0:de:f1:d7:a0:4d size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8168e-2.fw ip=192.168.0.65 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:41 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:d0404000-d0404fff memory:d0400000-d0403fff

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  • Unable to enable wireless in ubuntu 12.04

    - by Joe
    I have a Vostro 2520 and not sure how to enable wireless on my machine. The details are given below, would appreciate any pointers to resolving this issue. lsmod returns Module Size Used by ath9k 132390 0 ath9k_common 14053 1 ath9k ath9k_hw 411151 2 ath9k,ath9k_common ath 24067 3 ath9k,ath9k_common,ath9k_hw b43 365785 0 mac80211 506816 2 ath9k,b43 cfg80211 205544 4 ath9k,ath,b43,mac80211 bcma 26696 1 b43 ssb 52752 1 b43 ndiswrapper 282628 0 ums_realtek 18248 0 usb_storage 49198 1 ums_realtek uas 18180 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 24002 1 joydev 17693 0 parport_pc 32866 0 ppdev 17113 0 rfcomm 47604 0 bnep 18281 2 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep psmouse 97362 0 dell_wmi 12681 0 sparse_keymap 13890 1 dell_wmi snd_hda_intel 33773 3 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_cirrus,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq wmi 19256 1 dell_wmi snd 78855 16 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_cirrus,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device mac_hid 13253 0 i915 473240 3 drm_kms_helper 46978 1 i915 uvcvideo 72627 0 drm 242038 4 i915,drm_kms_helper videodev 98259 1 uvcvideo soundcore 15091 1 snd dell_laptop 18119 0 dcdbas 14490 1 dell_laptop i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 i915 v4l2_compat_ioctl32 17128 1 videodev snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm video 19596 1 i915 serio_raw 13211 0 mei 41616 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62099 0 sudo lshw -class network *-network UNCLAIMED description: Network controller product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f7c00000-f7c07fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 07 serial: 78:45:c4:a3:aa:65 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=192.168.1.5 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:41 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:f0004000-f0004fff memory:f0000000-f0003fff rfkill list all 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes 1: dell-bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes

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  • Ubuntu Wireless not working on Lenovo t400

    - by VmaxBoss
    This problem started after upgrading to 12.04, an my system is 'up2date' Have tried most of the solution-proposals found on the net. lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 00:19.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation 82567LF Gigabit Network Connection [8086:10bf] (rev 03) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:20ee] Kernel driver in use: e1000e 03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection [8086:4237] Subsystem: Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100 AGN [8086:1211] Kernel driver in use: iwlagn iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off sudo lshw -C network *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 82567LF Gigabit Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 19 bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: 00:22:68:1a:c4:75 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=1.0.2-k2 duplex=full firmware=1.8-3 ip=192.168.2.154 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:29 memory:fc000000-fc01ffff memory:fc024000-fc024fff ioport:1820(size=32) *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 00 serial: 00:26:c6:6c:2d:24 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlagn latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn resources: irq:30 memory:f4300000-f4301fff Please help Br/VB

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  • Issue with SPI (Serial Port Comm), stuck on ioctl()

    - by stef
    I'm trying to access a SPI sensor using the SPIDEV driver but my code gets stuck on IOCTL. I'm running embedded Linux on the SAM9X5EK (mounting AT91SAM9G25). The device is connected to SPI0. I enabled CONFIG_SPI_SPIDEV and CONFIG_SPI_ATMEL in menuconfig and added the proper code to the BSP file: static struct spi_board_info spidev_board_info[] { { .modalias = "spidev", .max_speed_hz = 1000000, .bus_num = 0, .chips_select = 0, .mode = SPI_MODE_3, }, ... }; spi_register_board_info(spidev_board_info, ARRAY_SIZE(spidev_board_info)); 1MHz is the maximum accepted by the sensor, I tried 500kHz but I get an error during Linux boot (too slow apparently). .bus_num and .chips_select should correct (I also tried all other combinations). SPI_MODE_3 I checked the datasheet for it. I get no error while booting and devices appear correctly as /dev/spidevX.X. I manage to open the file and obtain a valid file descriptor. I'm now trying to access the device with the following code (inspired by examples I found online). #define MY_SPIDEV_DELAY_USECS 100 // #define MY_SPIDEV_SPEED_HZ 1000000 #define MY_SPIDEV_BITS_PER_WORD 8 int spidevReadRegister(int fd, unsigned int num_out_bytes, unsigned char *out_buffer, unsigned int num_in_bytes, unsigned char *in_buffer) { struct spi_ioc_transfer mesg[2] = { {0}, }; uint8_t num_tr = 0; int ret; // Write data mesg[0].tx_buf = (unsigned long)out_buffer; mesg[0].rx_buf = (unsigned long)NULL; mesg[0].len = num_out_bytes; // mesg[0].delay_usecs = MY_SPIDEV_DELAY_USECS, // mesg[0].speed_hz = MY_SPIDEV_SPEED_HZ; mesg[0].bits_per_word = MY_SPIDEV_BITS_PER_WORD; mesg[0].cs_change = 0; num_tr++; // Read data mesg[1].tx_buf = (unsigned long)NULL; mesg[1].rx_buf = (unsigned long)in_buffer; mesg[1].len = num_in_bytes; // mesg[1].delay_usecs = MY_SPIDEV_DELAY_USECS, // mesg[1].speed_hz = MY_SPIDEV_SPEED_HZ; mesg[1].bits_per_word = MY_SPIDEV_BITS_PER_WORD; mesg[1].cs_change = 1; num_tr++; // Do the actual transmission if(num_tr > 0) { ret = ioctl(fd, SPI_IOC_MESSAGE(num_tr), mesg); if(ret == -1) { printf("Error: %d\n", errno); return -1; } } return 0; } Then I'm using this function: #define OPTICAL_SENSOR_ADDR "/dev/spidev0.0" ... int fd; fd = open(OPTICAL_SENSOR_ADDR, O_RDWR); if (fd<=0) { printf("Device not found\n"); exit(1); } uint8_t buffer1[1] = {0x3a}; uint8_t buffer2[1] = {0}; spidevReadRegister(fd, 1, buffer1, 1, buffer2); When I run it, the code get stuck on IOCTL! I did this way because, in order to read a register on the sensor, I need to send a byte with its address in it and then get the answer back without changing CS (however, when I tried using write() and read() functions, while learning, I got the same result, stuck on them). I'm aware that specifying .speed_hz causes a ENOPROTOOPT error on Atmel (I checked spidev.c) so I commented that part. Why does it get stuck? I though it can be as the device is created but it actually doesn't "feel" any hardware. As I wasn't sure if hardware SPI0 corresponded to bus_num 0 or 1, I tried both, but still no success (btw, which one is it?). UPDATE: I managed to have the SPI working! Half of it.. MOSI is transmitting the right data, but CLK doesn't start... any idea?

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  • Program using read() entering into an infinite loop

    - by Soham
    1oid ReadBinary(char *infile,HXmap* AssetMap) { int fd; size_t bytes_read, bytes_expected = 100000000*sizeof(char); char *data; if ((fd = open(infile,O_RDONLY)) < 0) err(EX_NOINPUT, "%s", infile); if ((data = malloc(bytes_expected)) == NULL) err(EX_OSERR, "data malloc"); bytes_read = read(fd, data, bytes_expected); if (bytes_read != bytes_expected) printf("Read only %d of %d bytes %d\n", \ bytes_read, bytes_expected,EX_DATAERR); /* ... operate on data ... */ printf("\n"); int i=0; int counter=0; char ch=data[0]; char message[512]; Message* newMessage; while(i!=bytes_read) { while(ch!='\n') { message[counter]=ch; i++; counter++; ch =data[i]; } message[counter]='\n'; message[counter+1]='\0'; //--------------------------------------------------- newMessage = (Message*)parser(message); MessageProcess(newMessage,AssetMap); //-------------------------------------------------- //printf("idNUM %e\n",newMessage->idNum); free(newMessage); i++; counter=0; ch =data[i]; } free(data); } Here, I have allocated 100MB of data with malloc, and passed a file big enough(not 500MB) size of 926KB about. When I pass small files, it reads and exits like a charm, but when I pass a big enough file, the program executes till some point after which it just hangs. I suspect it either entered an infinite loop, or there is memory leak. EDIT For better understanding I stripped away all unnecessary function calls, and checked what happens, when given a large file as input. I have attached the modified code void ReadBinary(char *infile,HXmap* AssetMap) { int fd; size_t bytes_read, bytes_expected = 500000000*sizeof(char); char *data; if ((fd = open(infile,O_RDONLY)) < 0) err(EX_NOINPUT, "%s", infile); if ((data = malloc(bytes_expected)) == NULL) err(EX_OSERR, "data malloc"); bytes_read = read(fd, data, bytes_expected); if (bytes_read != bytes_expected) printf("Read only %d of %d bytes %d\n", \ bytes_read, bytes_expected,EX_DATAERR); /* ... operate on data ... */ printf("\n"); int i=0; int counter=0; char ch=data[0]; char message[512]; while(i<=bytes_read) { while(ch!='\n') { message[counter]=ch; i++; counter++; ch =data[i]; } message[counter]='\n'; message[counter+1]='\0'; i++; printf("idNUM \n"); counter=0; ch =data[i]; } free(data); } What looks like is, it prints a whole lot of idNUM's and then poof segmentation fault I think this is an interesting behaviour, and to me it looks like there is some problem with memory FURTHER EDIT I changed back the i!=bytes_read it gives no segmentation fault. When I check for i<=bytes_read it blows past the limits in the innerloop.(courtesy gdb)

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  • Defining where on the page the flowdocument I am printing will 'start' and 'end'

    - by Sagi1981
    Dear community. I am almost done with implementing a printing functionality, but I am having trouble getting the last hurdle done with. My problem is, that I am printing some reports, consisting of a header (with information about the person the report is about), a footer (with a page number) and the content in the middle, which is a FlowDocument. Since the flowdocuments can be fairly long, It is very possible that they will span multiple pages. My approach is to make a custom FlowDocumentPaginator which derives from DocumentPaginator. In there i define my header and my footer. However, when I print my page, the flowdocument and my header and footer are on top of eachother. So my question is plain and simple - how do I define from where and to where the flowdocument part on the pages will be placed? here is the code from my custommade Paginator: public class HeaderedFlowDocumentPaginator : DocumentPaginator { private DocumentPaginator flowDocumentpaginator; public HeaderedFlowDocumentPaginator(FlowDocument document) { flowDocumentpaginator = ((IDocumentPaginatorSource) document).DocumentPaginator; } public override bool IsPageCountValid { get { return flowDocumentpaginator.IsPageCountValid; } } public override int PageCount { get { return flowDocumentpaginator.PageCount; } } public override Size PageSize { get { return flowDocumentpaginator.PageSize; } set { flowDocumentpaginator.PageSize = value; } } public override IDocumentPaginatorSource Source { get { return flowDocumentpaginator.Source; } } public override DocumentPage GetPage(int pageNumber) { DocumentPage page = flowDocumentpaginator.GetPage(pageNumber); ContainerVisual newVisual = new ContainerVisual(); newVisual.Children.Add(page.Visual); DrawingVisual header = new DrawingVisual(); using (DrawingContext dc = header.RenderOpen()) { //Header data } newVisual.Children.Add(header); DrawingVisual footer = new DrawingVisual(); using (DrawingContext dc = footer.RenderOpen()) { Typeface typeface = new Typeface("Trebuchet MS"); FormattedText text = new FormattedText("Page " + (pageNumber + 1).ToString(), CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, FlowDirection.LeftToRight, typeface, 14, Brushes.Black); dc.DrawText(text, new Point(page.Size.Width - 100, page.Size.Height-30)); } newVisual.Children.Add(footer); DocumentPage newPage = new DocumentPage(newVisual); return newPage; } } And here is the printdialogue call: private void btnPrint_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { try { PrintDialog printDialog = new PrintDialog(); if (printDialog.ShowDialog() == true) { FlowDocument fd = new FlowDocument(); MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(<My string of text - RTF formatted>)); TextRange tr = new TextRange(fd.ContentStart, fd.ContentEnd); tr.Load(stream, DataFormats.Rtf); stream.Close(); fd.ColumnWidth = printDialog.PrintableAreaWidth; HeaderedFlowDocumentPaginator paginator = new HeaderedFlowDocumentPaginator(fd); printDialog.PrintDocument(paginator, "myReport"); } } catch (Exception ex) { //Handle } }

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  • C program using inotify to monitor multiple directories along with sub-directories?

    - by lakshmipathi
    I have program which monitors a directory (/test) and notify me. I want to improve this to monitor another directory (say /opt). And also how to monitor it's subdirectories , current i'll get notified if any changes made to files under /test . but i'm not getting any inotifcation if changes made sub-directory of /test, that is touch /test/sub-dir/files.txt .. Here my current code - hope this will help /* Simple example for inotify in Linux. inotify has 3 main functions. inotify_init1 to initialize inotify_add_watch to add monitor then inotify_??_watch to rm monitor.you the what to replace with ??. yes third one is inotify_rm_watch() */ #include <sys/inotify.h> int main(){ int fd,wd,wd1,i=0,len=0; char pathname[100],buf[1024]; struct inotify_event *event; fd=inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK); /* watch /test directory for any activity and report it back to me */ wd=inotify_add_watch(fd,"/test",IN_ALL_EVENTS); while(1){ //read 1024 bytes of events from fd into buf i=0; len=read(fd,buf,1024); while(i<len){ event=(struct inotify_event *) &buf[i]; /* check for changes */ if(event->mask & IN_OPEN) printf("%s :was opened\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_MODIFY) printf("%s : modified\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_ATTRIB) printf("%s :meta data changed\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_ACCESS) printf("%s :was read\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE) printf("%s :file opened for writing was closed\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE) printf("%s :file opened not for writing was closed\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_DELETE_SELF) printf("%s :deleted\n",event->name); if(event->mask & IN_DELETE) printf("%s :deleted\n",event->name); /* update index to start of next event */ i+=sizeof(struct inotify_event)+event->len; } } }

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  • Basic shared memory program in C

    - by nicopuri
    Hi, I want to make a basic chat application in C using Shared memory. I am working in Linux. The application consist in writing the client and the server can read, and if the server write the client can read the message. I tried to do this, but I can't achieve the communication between client and server. The code is the following: Server.c int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *msg; static char buf[SIZE]; int n; msg = getmem(); memset(msg, 0, SIZE); initmutex(); while ( true ) { if( (n = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) 0 ) { enter(); sprintf(msg, "%.*s", n, buf); printf("Servidor escribe: %s", msg); leave(); }else{ enter(); if ( strcmp(buf, msg) ) { printf("Servidor lee: %s", msg); strcpy(buf, msg); } leave(); sleep(1); } } return 0; } Client.c int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *msg; static char buf[SIZE-1]; int n; msg = getmem(); initmutex(); while(true) { if ( (n = read(0, buf, sizeof buf)) 0 ) { enter(); sprintf(msg, "%.*s", n, buf); printf("Cliente escribe: %s", msg); leave(); }else{ enter(); if ( strcmp(buf, msg) ) { printf("Cliente lee: %s", msg); strcpy(buf, msg); } leave(); sleep(1); } } printf("Cliente termina\n"); return 0; } The shared memory module is the folowing: #include "common.h" void fatal(char *s) { perror(s); exit(1); } char * getmem(void) { int fd; char *mem; if ( (fd = shm_open("/message", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666)) == -1 ) fatal("sh_open"); ftruncate(fd, SIZE); if ( !(mem = mmap(NULL, SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) ) fatal("mmap"); close(fd); return mem; } static sem_t *sd; void initmutex(void) { if ( !(sd = sem_open("/mutex", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666, 1)) ) fatal("sem_open"); } void enter(void) { sem_wait(sd); } void leave(void) { sem_post(sd); }

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  • SSH X11 not working

    - by azat
    I have a home and work computer, the home computer has a static IP address. If I ssh from my work computer to my home computer, the ssh connection works but X11 applications are not displayed. In my /etc/ssh/sshd_config at home: X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 X11UseLocalhost yes At work I have tried the following commands: xhost + home HOME_IP ssh -X home ssh -X HOME_IP ssh -Y home ssh -Y HOME_IP My /etc/ssh/ssh_config at work: Host * ForwardX11 yes ForwardX11Trusted yes My ~/.ssh/config at work: Host home HostName HOME_IP User azat PreferredAuthentications password ForwardX11 yes My ~/.Xauthority at work: -rw------- 1 azat azat 269 Jun 7 11:25 .Xauthority My ~/.Xauthority at home: -rw------- 1 azat azat 246 Jun 7 19:03 .Xauthority But it doesn't work After I make an ssh connection to home: $ echo $DISPLAY localhost:10.0 $ kate X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. kate: cannot connect to X server localhost:10.0 I use iptables at home, but I've allowed port 22. According to what I've read that's all I need. UPD. With -vvv ... debug2: callback start debug2: x11_get_proto: /usr/bin/xauth list :0 2/dev/null debug1: Requesting X11 forwarding with authentication spoofing. debug2: channel 1: request x11-req confirm 1 debug2: client_session2_setup: id 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: channel 1: request pty-req confirm 1 ... When try to launch kate: debug1: client_input_channel_open: ctype x11 rchan 2 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: client_request_x11: request from 127.0.0.1 55486 debug2: fd 8 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: fd 8 is O_NONBLOCK debug1: channel 2: new [x11] debug1: confirm x11 debug2: X11 connection uses different authentication protocol. X11 connection rejected because of wrong authentication. debug2: X11 rejected 2 i0/o0 debug2: channel 2: read failed debug2: channel 2: close_read debug2: channel 2: input open - drain debug2: channel 2: ibuf empty debug2: channel 2: send eof debug2: channel 2: input drain - closed debug2: channel 2: write failed debug2: channel 2: close_write debug2: channel 2: output open - closed debug2: X11 closed 2 i3/o3 debug2: channel 2: send close debug2: channel 2: rcvd close debug2: channel 2: is dead debug2: channel 2: garbage collecting debug1: channel 2: free: x11, nchannels 3 debug3: channel 2: status: The following connections are open: #1 client-session (t4 r0 i0/0 o0/0 fd 5/6 cc -1) #2 x11 (t7 r2 i3/0 o3/0 fd 8/8 cc -1) # The same as above repeate about 7 times kate: cannot connect to X server localhost:10.0 UPD2 Please provide your Linux distribution & version number. Are you using a default GNOME or KDE environment for X or something else you customized yourself? azat:~$ kded4 -version Qt: 4.7.4 KDE Development Platform: 4.6.5 (4.6.5) KDE Daemon: $Id$ Are you invoking ssh directly on a command line from a terminal window? What terminal are you using? xterm, gnome-terminal, or? How did you start the terminal running in the X environment? From a menu? Hotkey? or ? From terminal emulator `yakuake` Manualy press `Ctrl + N` and write commands Can you run xeyes from the same terminal window where the ssh -X fails? `xeyes` - is not installed But `kate` or another kde app is running Are you invoking the ssh command as the same user that you're logged into the X session as? From the same user UPD3 I also download ssh sources, and using debug2() write why it's report that version is different It see some cookies, and one of them is empty, another is MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1

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  • SSH-forwarded X11 display from Linux to Mac lost after some time

    - by mklein9
    I have a new and vexing problem with ssh forwarding my X11 connection when logging in from a Mac (10.7.2) to Linux (Ubuntu 8.04). I have no trouble using ssh -X to log in to the remote machine and starting an X11-based application from that shell. What has recently started happening is that additional invocations of X11 applications from that same shell, after a while (on the order of hours), are unable to start because the forwarded display is being blocked (I presume). When attempting to start xterm, for example, I get the usual message about a bad DISPLAY setting, such as: xterm Xt error: Can't open display: localhost:10.0 But the X11 application I started right when I logged in is still running along just fine, using that exact same display (localhost:10.0), just that it was started earlier. I turned on verbose logging in sshd_config and I see this in the /var/log/auth.log file in response to the failed xterm startup attempt: sshd[22104]: channel 8: open failed: administratively prohibited: open failed If I ssh -X to the server again, starting a new shell and getting assigned a new display (localhost:11.0), the same process repeats: the X11 applications started early on run just fine for as long as I keep them open (days), but after a few hours I cannot start any new ones from that shell. Particulars: OpenSSH sshd server running on Ubuntu 8.04, display forwarded to a Mac running Lion (10.7.2) with the default Apple X server. The systems are connected on an Ethernet LAN with a single switch between them. Neither machine is running a firewall. Until recently (a few days ago) this setup worked perfectly so I am mystified as to where to look next. I am by no means an X11 or SSH expert but have good UNIX/Linux experience. Nothing obvious has changed in either client or server configuration although I have tried changing a few options to try to debug this, like setting sshd_config's TCPKeepAlive to no, and setting "host +localhost" (you can tell I've been Googling). When logging in from a Linux 11.10 laptop to the same remote host over the same network and switch, this problem does not occur -- an xterm can be invoked successfully hours later from the same ssh login shell while the same experiment from the Mac fails (tested this morning to be sure), so it would appear to be a Mac-specific issue. With "LogLevel DEBUG3" set on the remote machine (sshd server), and no change made in the client connections by me, /var/log/auth.log shows one slight change in connection status reports overnight, which is the port number used by the one successful ssh session from the Linux machine (I think), connection #7 below: sshd[20173]: debug3: channel 7: status: The following connections are open:\r\n #0 server-session (t4 r0 i0/0 o0/0 fd 14/13 cfd -1)\r\n #3 X11 connection from 127.0.0.1 port 57564 (t4 r1 i0/0 o0/0 fd 16/16 cfd -1)\r\n #4 X11 connection from 127.0.0.1 port 57565 (t4 r2 i0/0 o0/0 fd 17/17 cfd -1)\r\n #5 X11 connection from 127.0.0.1 port 57566 (t4 r3 i0/0 o0/0 fd 18/18 cfd -1)\r\n #6 X11 connection from 127.0.0.1 port 57567 (t4 r4 i0/0 o0/0 fd 19/19 cfd -1)\r\n #7 X11 connection from 127.0.0.1 port 59007 In this report, everything is the same between status reports except the port number used by connection #7 which I believe is the Linux client -- the only one still maintaining a display connection. It continues to increment over time, judging by a sequence of these reports overnight. Thanks for any help, -Mike

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  • Flow-Design Cheat Sheet &ndash; Part II, Translation

    - by Ralf Westphal
    In my previous post I summarized the notation for Flow-Design (FD) diagrams. Now is the time to show you how to translate those diagrams into code. Hopefully you feel how different this is from UML. UML leaves you alone with your sequence diagram or component diagram or activity diagram. They leave it to you how to translate your elaborate design into code. Or maybe UML thinks it´s so easy no further explanations are needed? I don´t know. I just know that, as soon as people stop designing with UML and start coding, things end up to be very different from the design. And that´s bad. That degrades graphical designs to just time waste on paper (or some designer). I even believe that´s the reason why most programmers view textual source code as the only and single source of truth. Design and code usually do not match. FD is trying to change that. It wants to make true design a first class method in every developers toolchest. For that the first prerequisite is to be able to easily translate any design into code. Mechanically, without thinking. Even a compiler could do it :-) (More of that in some other article.) Translating to Methods The first translation I want to show you is for small designs. When you start using FD you should translate your diagrams like this. Functional units become methods. That´s it. An input-pin becomes a method parameter, an output-pin becomes a return value: The above is a part. But a board can be translated likewise and calls the nested FUs in order: In any case be sure to keep the board method clear of any and all business logic. It should not contain any control structures like if, switch, or a loop. Boards do just one thing: calling nested functional units in proper sequence. What about multiple input-pins? Try to avoid them. Replace them with a join returning a tuple: What about multiple output-pins? Try to avoid them. Or return a tuple. Or use out-parameters: But as I said, this simple translation is for simple designs only. Splits and joins are easily done with method translation: All pretty straightforward, isn´t it. But what about wires, named pins, entry points, explicit dependencies? I suggest you don´t use this kind of translation when your designs need these features. Translating to methods is for small scale designs like you might do once you´re working on the implementation of a part of a larger design. Or maybe for a code kata you´re doing in your local coding dojo. Instead of doing TDD try doing FD and translate your design into methods. You´ll see that way it´s much easier to work collaboratively on designs, remember them more easily, keep them clean, and lessen the need for refactoring. Translating to Events [coming soon]

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  • Examples of bad variable names and reasons [on hold]

    - by user470184
    I'll start with a class in the jdk package : public final class Sdp { should be : public final class SocketsDirectProtocol { Sdp is class name, this is ambigious, should be : Class<?> cl = Class.forName("java.net.SdpSocketImpl", true, null); should be : Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("java.net.SdpSocketImpl", true, null); cl is ambiguous private static void setAccessible(final AccessibleObject o) { should be : private static void setAccessible(final AccessibleObject accessibleObject) { There are various other examples in this class, do you have similar and/or differing examples of variables that were named badly ? package com.oracle.net; public final class Sdp { private Sdp() { } /** * The package-privage ServerSocket(SocketImpl) constructor */ private static final Constructor<ServerSocket> serverSocketCtor; static { try { serverSocketCtor = (Constructor<ServerSocket>) ServerSocket.class.getDeclaredConstructor(SocketImpl.class); setAccessible(serverSocketCtor); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new AssertionError(e); } } /** * The package-private SdpSocketImpl() constructor */ private static final Constructor<SocketImpl> socketImplCtor; static { try { Class<?> cl = Class.forName("java.net.SdpSocketImpl", true, null); socketImplCtor = (Constructor<SocketImpl>)cl.getDeclaredConstructor(); setAccessible(socketImplCtor); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new AssertionError(e); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new AssertionError(e); } } private static void setAccessible(final AccessibleObject o) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { o.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); } /** * SDP enabled Socket. */ private static class SdpSocket extends Socket { SdpSocket(SocketImpl impl) throws SocketException { super(impl); } } /** * Creates a SDP enabled SocketImpl */ private static SocketImpl createSocketImpl() { try { return socketImplCtor.newInstance(); } catch (InstantiationException x) { throw new AssertionError(x); } catch (IllegalAccessException x) { throw new AssertionError(x); } catch (InvocationTargetException x) { throw new AssertionError(x); } } /** * Creates an unconnected and unbound SDP socket. The {@code Socket} is * associated with a {@link java.net.SocketImpl} of the system-default type. * * @return a new Socket * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * If SDP is not supported * @throws IOException * If an I/O error occurs */ public static Socket openSocket() throws IOException { SocketImpl impl = createSocketImpl(); return new SdpSocket(impl); } /** * Creates an unbound SDP server socket. The {@code ServerSocket} is * associated with a {@link java.net.SocketImpl} of the system-default type. * * @return a new ServerSocket * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * If SDP is not supported * @throws IOException * If an I/O error occurs */ public static ServerSocket openServerSocket() throws IOException { // create ServerSocket via package-private constructor SocketImpl impl = createSocketImpl(); try { return serverSocketCtor.newInstance(impl); } catch (IllegalAccessException x) { throw new AssertionError(x); } catch (InstantiationException x) { throw new AssertionError(x); } catch (InvocationTargetException x) { Throwable cause = x.getCause(); if (cause instanceof IOException) throw (IOException)cause; if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) throw (RuntimeException)cause; throw new RuntimeException(x); } } /** * Opens a socket channel to a SDP socket. * * <p> The channel will be associated with the system-wide default * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider SelectorProvider}. * * @return a new SocketChannel * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * If SDP is not supported or not supported by the default selector * provider * @throws IOException * If an I/O error occurs. */ public static SocketChannel openSocketChannel() throws IOException { FileDescriptor fd = SdpSupport.createSocket(); return sun.nio.ch.Secrets.newSocketChannel(fd); } /** * Opens a socket channel to a SDP socket. * * <p> The channel will be associated with the system-wide default * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider SelectorProvider}. * * @return a new ServerSocketChannel * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * If SDP is not supported or not supported by the default selector * provider * @throws IOException * If an I/O error occurs */ public static ServerSocketChannel openServerSocketChannel() throws IOException { FileDescriptor fd = SdpSupport.createSocket(); return sun.nio.ch.Secrets.newServerSocketChannel(fd); } }

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  • lvm disappeared after disc replacement on raid10

    - by user142295
    here my problem: I am running ubuntu 12.04 on a raid10 (4 disks), on top of which I installed an lvm with two volume groups (one for /, one for /home). The layout of the disks are as follows: Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003f3b6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 481949 240943+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 481950 2910640634 1455079342+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 2910640635 2930272064 9815715 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00069785 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f14de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris The first disk (/dev/sda) contains the /boot partition on /dev/sda1. I use grub2 to boot the system off this partition. On top of this raid10 I installed two volume groups, one for /, one for /home. This system worked well, I even exchanged two disks during the last two years. It always worked. But not this time. For the first time, /dev/sda broke. I do not know if this is an issue – I know I would have struggled anyways to overcome the problem with /boot installed on that disk and grub2 installed on the mbr of /dev/sda. Anyways, I did what I always did: start knoppix fire up the raid sudo mdadm --examine -scan which returns ARRAY /dev/md127 UUID=0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 start it up sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 fail the failing disk (smart event) sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2 remove the failing disk sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2 stop the raid sudo mdadm -S /dev/md127 take out the disk replace it with a new one create the same partitions as on the failling one add it to the raid sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sda2 wait 4 hours All looks fine: cat /proc/mdstat returns: Personalities : [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2910158464 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> and sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 returns /dev/md127: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Jun 10 13:08:46 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 2910158464 (2775.34 GiB 2980.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 1455079232 (1387.67 GiB 1490.00 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 127 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Mar 21 16:27:40 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 (local to host Microknoppix) Events : 0.4824680 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 However, there is no trace of the volume groups. Rebooting into knoppix does not help Restarting the old system (I actually replugged and re-added the failing disk for that – the system begins to start, but then fails to see the / partition – no wonder if the volume group is gone) does not help. sudo vgscan, sudo vgdisplay, sudo lvs, sudo lvdisplay, sudo vgscan –mknodes all returned No volume groups found. I am completely at a loss. Can anyone tell me if and how I can recover my data? Thanks in advance!

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  • Parse and read data frame in C?

    - by user253656
    I am writing a program that reads the data from the serial port on Linux. The data are sent by another device with the following frame format: |start | Command | Data | CRC | End | |0x02 | 0x41 | (0-127 octets) | | 0x03| ---------------------------------------------------- The Data field contains 127 octets as shown and octet 1,2 contains one type of data; octet 3,4 contains another data. I need to get these data I know how to write and read data to and from a serial port in Linux, but it is just to write and read a simple string (like "ABD") My issue is that I do not know how to parse the data frame formatted as above so that I can: get the data in octet 1,2 in the Data field get the data in octet 3,4 in the Data field get the value in CRC field to check the consistency of the data Here the sample snip code that read and write a simple string from and to a serial port in Linux: int writeport(int fd, char *chars) { int len = strlen(chars); chars[len] = 0x0d; // stick a <CR> after the command chars[len+1] = 0x00; // terminate the string properly int n = write(fd, chars, strlen(chars)); if (n < 0) { fputs("write failed!\n", stderr); return 0; } return 1; } int readport(int fd, char *result) { int iIn = read(fd, result, 254); result[iIn-1] = 0x00; if (iIn < 0) { if (errno == EAGAIN) { printf("SERIAL EAGAIN ERROR\n"); return 0; } else { printf("SERIAL read error %d %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); return 0; } } return 1; } Does anyone please have some ideas? Thanks all.

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  • Mmap and structure

    - by blid..pl
    I'm working some code including communication between processes, using semaphores. I made structure like this: typedef struct container { sem_t resource, mutex; int counter; } container; and use in that way (in main app and the same in subordinate processes) container *memory; shm_unlink("MYSHM"); //just in case fd = shm_open("MYSHM", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0); if(fd == -1) { printf("Error"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } memory = mmap(NULL, sizeof(container), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); ftruncate(fd, sizeof(container)); Everything is fine when I use one of the sem_ functions, but when I try to do something like memory->counter = 5; It doesn't work. Probably I got something wrong with pointers, but I tried almost everything and nothing seems to work. Maybe there's a better way to share variables, structures etc between processes ? Unfortunately I'm not allowed to use boost or something similiar, the code is for educational purposes and I'm intentend to keep as simple as it's possible.

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  • If a nonblocking recv with MSG_PEEK succeeds, will a subsequent recv without MSG_PEEK also succeed?

    - by Michael Wolf
    Here's a simplified version of some code I'm working on: void stuff(int fd) { int ret1, ret2; char buffer[32]; ret1 = recv(fd, buffer, 32, MSG_PEEK | MSG_DONTWAIT); /* Error handling -- and EAGAIN handling -- would go here. Bail if necessary. Otherwise, keep going. */ /* Can this call to recv fail, setting errno to EAGAIN? */ ret2 = recv(fd, buffer, ret1, 0); } If we assume that the first call to recv succeeds, returning a value between 1 and 32, is it safe to assume that the second call will also succeed? Can ret2 ever be less than ret1? In which cases? (For clarity's sake, assume that there are no other error conditions during the second call to recv: that no signal is delivered, that it won't set ENOMEM, etc. Also assume that no other threads will look at fd. I'm on Linux, but MSG_DONTWAIT is, I believe, the only Linux-specific thing here. Assume that the right fnctl was set previously on other platforms.)

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  • Should I thread this?

    - by Psytronic
    I've got a "Loading Progress" WPF form which I instantiate when I start loading some results into my Main Window, and every time a result is loaded I want the progress bar to fill up by x amount (Based on the amount of results I'm loading). However what happens is that the Progress bar in the window stays blank the entire time, until the results have finished loading, then it will just display the full progress bar. Does this need threading to work properly? Or is it just to do with the way I'm trying to get it to work? //code snippet LoadingProgress lp = new LoadingProgress(feedCount); lp.Show(); foreach (FeedConfigGroup feed in _Feeds) { feed.insertFeeds(lp); } //part of insertFeeds(LoadingProgress lbBox) foreach (Feeds fd in _FeedSource) { lpBox.setText(fd.getName); XmlDocument feedResults = new XmlDocument(); feedResults.PreserveWhitespace = false; try { feedResults.Load(wc.OpenRead(fd.getURL)); } catch (WebException) { lpBox.addError(fd.getName); } foreach (XmlNode item in feedResults.SelectNodes("/rss/channel/item")) { //code for processing the nodes... } lpBox.progressIncrease(); } If more code is needed let me know.

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  • Parameterized SPARQL query with JENA

    - by sandra
    I'm trying to build a small semantic web application using Jena framework, JSP and JAVA. I have a remote SPARQL endpoint and I've already written a simple query which works fine but now I need to use some parameters. Here is my code so far: final static String serviceEndpoint = "http://fishdelish.cs.man.ac.uk/sparql/"; String comNameQuery = "PREFIX fd: <http://fishdelish.cs.man.ac.uk/rdf/vocab/resource/> " + "SELECT ?name ?language ?type" + "WHERE { ?nameID fd:comnames_ComName ?name ;" + "fd:comnames_Language ?language ;" + "fd:comnames_NameType ?type ." + "}"; Query query = QueryFactory.create(comNameQuery); QueryExecution qe = QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService(serviceEndpoint,query); try { ResultSet rs = qe.execSelect(); if ( rs.hasNext() ) { System.out.println(ResultSetFormatter.asText(rs)); } } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } finally { qe.close(); } What I want to do is to parameterized ?name. I'm new to Jena and I'm not really sure how to use parameters in a SPARQL query. I would appreciate it if someone could help me with this.

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