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  • passing back answers in prolog

    - by AhmadAssaf
    i have this code than runs perfectly .. returns a true .. when tracing the values are ok .. but its not returning back the answer .. it acts strangely when it ends and always return empty list .. uninstantiated variable .. test :- extend(4,12,[4,3,1,2],[[1,5],[3,4],[6]],_ExtendedBins). %printing basic information about the extend(NumBins,Capacity,RemainingNumbers,BinsSoFar,_ExtendedBins) :- getNumberofBins(BinsSoFar,NumberOfBins), msort(RemainingNumbers,SortedRemaining),nl, format("Current Number of Bins is :~w\n",[NumberOfBins]), format("Allowed Capacity is :~w\n",[Capacity]), format("maximum limit in bin is :~w\n",[NumBins]), format("Trying to fit :~w\n\n",[SortedRemaining]), format("Possible Solutions :\n\n"), fitElements(NumBins,NumberOfBins, Capacity,SortedRemaining,BinsSoFar,[]). %this is were the creation for possibilities will start %will check first if the number of bins allowed is less than then %we create a new list with all the possible combinations %after that we start matching to other bins with capacity constraint fitElements(NumBins,NumberOfBins, Capacity,RemainingNumbers,Bins,ExtendedBins) :- ( NumberOfBins < NumBins -> print('Creating new set: '); print('Sorry, Cannot create New Sets')), createNewList(Capacity,RemainingNumbers,Bins,ExtendedBins). createNewList(Capacity,RemainingNumbers,Bins,ExtendedBins) :- createNewList(Capacity,RemainingNumbers,Bins,[],ExtendedBins), print(ExtendedBins). createNewList(0,Bins,Bins,ExtendedBins,ExtendedBins). createNewList(_,[],_,ExtendedBins,ExtendedBins). createNewList(Capacity,[Element|Rest],Bins,Temp,ExtendedBins) :- conjunct_to_list(Element,ListedElement), append(ListedElement,Temp,NewList), sumlist(NewList,Sum), (Sum =< Capacity, append(ListedElement,ExtendedBins,Result); Capacity = 0), createNewList(Capacity,Rest,Bins,NewList,Result). fit(0,[],ExtendedBins,ExtendedBins). fit(Capacity,[Element|Rest],Bin,ExtendedBins) :- conjunct_to_list(Element,Listed), append(Listed,Bin,NewBin), sumlist(NewBin,Sum), (Sum =< Capacity -> fit(Capacity,Rest,NewBin,ExtendedBins); Capacity = 0, append(NewBin,ExtendedBins,NewExtendedBins), print(NewExtendedBins), fit(0,[],NewBin,ExtendedBins)). %get the number of bins provided getNumberofBins(List,NumberOfBins) :- getNumberofBins(List,0,NumberOfBins). getNumberofBins([],NumberOfBins,NumberOfBins). getNumberofBins([_List|Rest],TempCount,NumberOfBins) :- NewCount is TempCount + 1, %calculate the count getNumberofBins(Rest,NewCount,NumberOfBins). %recursive call %Convert set of terms into a list - used when needed to append conjunct_to_list((A,B), L) :- !, conjunct_to_list(A, L0), conjunct_to_list(B, L1), append(L0, L1, L). conjunct_to_list(A, [A]). Greatly appreciate the help

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  • Is Prolog the best language to solve this kind of problem?

    - by Milan Babuškov
    I have this problem containing some inequations and requirement to minimize a value. After doing some research on the Internet, I came to conclusion that using Prolog might be the easiest way to solve it. However, I never used Prolog before, and I would hate to waste my time learning it just to discover that it is not the right tool for this job. Please, if you know Prolog, take a look at this problem and tell me if Prolog is the right one. Or, if you know of some other language that is really suited for this. a + b + c >= 100 d + e + f >= 50 g + h >= 30 if (8b + 2e + 7h > 620) then y = 0.8 else y = 1.0 if (d > 35) then x = 0.9 else x = 1.0 5xa + 8yb + 5c + 3xd + 2ye + 2f + 6xg + 7yh = w. I need to find the values for a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h that minimize w. I'm not really asking for code, although I'd be grateful for some hint how to tackle this if Prolog is really good for it. Thanks.

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  • Get all sets of list in prolog

    - by garm0nboz1a
    How can I generate all the possible sets of the elements of a list with current length? get_set(X, [1,2,3]). X = [1,1,1], X = [1,1,2], X = [1,1,3], X = [1,2,1], X = [1,2,2], X = [1,2,3], X = [1,3,1], X = [1,3,2], X = [1,3,3], ..... X = [3,3,2], X = [3,3,3]. UPD: there is good answer given by Sharky. But maybe it's not the best. Here is another: get_set(X,L) :- get_set(X,L,L). get_set([],_). get_set([X|Xs],[_|T],L) :- member(X,L), get_set(Xs,T,L).

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  • Visual Studio 2010 tip: Cut empty lines

    - by koevoeter
    How many times you wanted to move 2 lines by cut and pasting them, but the line you cut last is actually a blank line and your actual code is removed from the clipboard? Visual Studio 2010 has an option that keeps cutting blank lines from overwriting the clipboard. Go and uncheck this one: Tools » Options » Text Editor » All Languages » General » Apply Cut or Copy commands to blank lines when there is no selection Extra (related) tip The (free) Visual Studio 2010 extension Visual Studio 2010 Pro Power Tools contains (apart from a bunch of other handy features) the commands Edit.MoveLineUp and Edit.MoveLineDown to do whatever they say they do and maps them automatically to keyboard shortcuts Alt+Up & Alt+Down. Resharper (not-free) has similar commands for moving lines, by default mapped to Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Up/Down.

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  • Bash command substitution not working as expected

    - by Joe Fruchey
    I'd like to view the last few lines of a file, but I want the columns aligned. Basically, I want to disable wordwrap. This is straightforward with: tail $FILE | cut -c -80 But I'm trying to generalize my script for other users, and I'd like to cut to the actual terminal width, which I can get with: stty size | cut -d" " -f2 So I would imagine that I could just tail $FILE | cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` but it doesn't work: stty: standard input: Invalid argument cut: invalid range with no endpoint: - Try `cut --help' for more information. (Same results with the 'new' $() expansion.) Now, if I echo it, it seems fine: echo cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` cut -c -103 Am I just missing an escape char? Or is this somehow just not possible? Thanks.

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  • Is it better to cut and store all sprites needed from a spritesheet in memory, or cut them out just-in-time?

    - by xLite
    I'm not sure what's best practice here as I have little experience with this. Essentially what I am asking is... if it's better to get your single PNG with all your different sprites on it for use in-game, cut out every sprite on startup and store them in memory, then access the already-cut-out sprite from memory quickly or Only have the single PNG with all the different sprites residing in memory, and when you need, for example, a tree. You cut out the tree from the PNG and then continue to use it as normal. I imagine the former is more CPU friendly than the latter but less memory friendly, vice versa for the latter. I want to know what the norm is for game dev. This is a pixel based game using 2D art. Each PNG is actually an avatar's sprite sheet with each body part separated and then later joined to form the full body of the avatar.

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  • Why is Prolog associated with Natural Language Processing?

    - by kyphos
    I have recently started learning about NLP with python, and NLP seems to be based mostly on statistics/machine-learning. What does a logic programming language bring to the table with respect to NLP? Is the declarative nature of prolog used to define grammars? Is it used to define associations between words? That is, somehow mine logical relationships between words (this I imagine would be pretty hard to do)? Any examples of what prolog uniquely brings to NLP would be highly appreciated.

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  • How to Import flip video to Final Cut Pro and edit flip video in Final Cut Pro?

    - by Yinahd
    Final Cut Pro is a professional video editing application for Mac users and it is widely used even by many Hollywood people on professional movie post-production. If you are a flip video fan and you want to give professional editing to your flip videos, Final Cut Pro is a great choice. However, Final Cut Pro does not allow raw flip videos to be imported to Final Cut Pro and you will need to convert flip video to Final Cut Pro supported formats.

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  • Removing duplicate solutions

    - by Enoon
    My code merges two lists of lists, item by item, in the following way: mergeL([[a,b],[c,d]], [[1,2],[3,4]], Result). Result = [[a,b,1,2],[c,d,3,4]] And this is the code i use: mergeL([],[],[]). mergeL(List, [], List). mergeL([], List, List). mergeL([X|Rest],[Y|Rest2], [XY|Res2]) :- mergeL(Rest, Rest2, Res2), append(X,Y,XY). This seems to work but if i call it with two lists of the same size i get three repeated results. Example (both list contain only one element): ?- mergeL([[a,b]],[[1,2,3]],Q). Q = [[a, b, 1, 2, 3]] ; Q = [[a, b, 1, 2, 3]] ; Q = [[a, b, 1, 2, 3]]. Is there a clean way to make this output only one solution?

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  • sumList predicate needs to check to see if their Sum is equal to the sum of all the elements in the list

    - by nick bonnet
    I am implementing a method that when given Sum and a List. It will check to see that if you add the elements in the list, their sum is equal to the Sum given. Here is what I am trying to do thus far, but I am pretty sure it is wrong... I'm not really sure how to think about it. sumList([],0). sumList([X|Xrest], Sum) :- sumList[Xrest, Sum1), Sum is X + Sum1. Could you give me a point in the right direction or at least let me know how to try to think about the problem?

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  • Why (not) logic programming?

    - by Anto
    I have not yet heard about any uses of a logical programming language (such as Prolog) in the software industry, nor do I know of usage of it in hobby programming or open source projects. It (Prolog) is used as an academic language to some extent, though (why is it used in academia?). This makes me wonder, why should you use logic programming, and why not? Why is it not getting any detectable industry usage?

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  • Find the order among tasks in a company by using prolog?

    - by Cem
    First of all,I wish a happy new year for everyone.I searched more and worked a lot but I could not solve this question.I am quite a new in prolog and I must do this homework. In my homework,the question is like this: Write a prolog program that determines a valid order for the tasks to be carried out in a company. The prolog program will consist of a set of "before" predicates which denotes the order between task pairs. Here is an example; before(a,b). before(a,e). before(d,c). before(b,c). before(c,e). Here, task a should be carried before tasks b and e, d before c and so on. Hence a valid ordering of the tasks would be [a, b, d, c, e]. The order predicate in your program will be queried as follows. ?- order([a,b,c,d,e],X). X = [a, b, d, c, e] ; X = [a, d, b, c, e] ; X = [d, a, b, c, e] ; false. Hint: Try to generate different orders for the tasks (permutation) and then check if the order is consistent with the "before" relationships given. Even if you can generate a single valid order, you will get reasonable partial credits.

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  • LEGO Lord of the Rings Cut Scenes Spliced into a Full Length Movie [Video]

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    If you take all the cut scenes from the LEGO Lord of the Rings video game and splice them end-to-end, the result is an hour and a half LEGO Lord of the Rings movie. Check out the full video here. Courtesy of SpaceTopGames, this mega splice includes every cut scene from the video game, weighs in at one hour and thirty one minutes, and actually works really well as a movie when strung all together. LEGO Lord of the Rings – All Cutscenes [via Freeware Genius] HTG Explains: Does Your Android Phone Need an Antivirus? How To Use USB Drives With the Nexus 7 and Other Android Devices Why Does 64-Bit Windows Need a Separate “Program Files (x86)” Folder?

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  • How to Quickly Cut a Clip From a Video File with Avidemux

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    Whether you’re cutting out the boring parts of your vacation video or getting a hilarious scene for an animated GIF, Avidemux provides a quick and easy way to cut clips from any video file. It’s overkill to use a full-featured video editing program if you just want to cut a few clips from a video file. Even programs that are designed to be small can have confusing interfaces when dealing with video. We’ve found that a great free program, Avidemux, makes the job of cutting clips extremely simple. Note: While the screenshots in this guide are taken from the Windows version, Avidemux runs on all of the major platforms – Windows, Mac OS X and Linux (GTK). Image by Keith Williamson. Cutting Clips from a Video File Open up Avidemux, and load the video file that you want to work with. If you get a prompt like this one: we recommend clicking Yes to use the safer mode. Find the portion of the video that you’d like to isolate. Get as close as you can to the start of the clip you want to cut. Once you find the start of your clip, look at the “Frame Type” of the current frame. You want it to read I; if it isn’t frame type I, then use the single left and right arrow buttons to go forward or backward one frame until you find an appropriate I frame. Once you’ve found the right starting frame, click the button with the A over a red bar. This will set the start of the clip. Advance to where you want your clip to end. Click on the button with a B when you’ve found the appropriate frame. This frame can be of any type. You can now save the clip, either by going to File –> Save –> Save Video… or by pressing Ctrl+S. Give the file a name, and Avidemux will prepare your clip. And that’s it! You should now have a movie file that contains only the portion of the original file that you want. Download Avidemux free for all platforms Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Colorize Black and White Vintage Photographs in Photoshop How To Get SSH Command-Line Access to Windows 7 Using Cygwin The How-To Geek Video Guide to Using Windows 7 Speech Recognition How To Create Your Own Custom ASCII Art from Any Image How To Process Camera Raw Without Paying for Adobe Photoshop How Do You Block Annoying Text Message (SMS) Spam? Battlestar Galactica – Caprica Map of the 12 Colonies (Wallpaper Also Available) View Enlarged Versions of Thumbnail Images with Thumbnail Zoom for Firefox IntoNow Identifies Any TV Show by Sound Walk Score Calculates a Neighborhood’s Pedestrian Friendliness Factor Fantasy World at Twilight Wallpaper Hack a Wireless Doorbell into a Snail Mail Indicator

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  • Synchronising Cut-and-Paste Activities in Ubuntu One

    - by Jackson Tan
    This was posted in the Ubuntu Forums but received no response, so I'm re-posting it here (with minor updates) in hopes that it will at least get some comments. Recently, I moved a large amount of contents (a few GBs) within the Ubuntu One folder (through cut-and-paste). Then I discovered how Ubuntu One does this is to remove them on the server side and upload all the files again in the new location. Obviously, this is undesirable because of the hefty uploading involved. Worse, since I have two computers synced to the same account, it is double the amount of traffic. Each computer took about one day to finish synchronising. Firstly, can anyone confirm that this is actually what's happening when we move folders? I'm using Ubuntu 10.04, by the way. Secondly, is there a way to cut-and-paste stuff within the Ubuntu One folder without uploading again?

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  • Maximized Office 2007 gets cut off on multi-monitor setup with different resolutions

    - by Adam M-W
    I've got an external monitor plugged into my laptop that I like to use for typing up documents, but I've noticed that when Word is maximized it gets cut off at where the primary monitor's bounds are. Is this a bug in Wine (i'm using version 1.3.32), or with my Window Manager (metacity with compositing enabled, version 2.34.1), with my graphics drivers (nouveau) or something else? I know that I can fix it by unmaximizing (it doesn't get cut off and I can resize to the entirety of the second monitor), but it keeps on maximizing itself as it (rightly so) knows that it should be taking up the entire screen. I don't really want to use the "Emulate a virtual desktop feature", I would prefer to find the source of this issue.

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  • DIY Sunrise Simulator Combines Microchips, LEDs, and Laser Cut Goodness

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Sunrise simulators use a gradually brightening light to wake you in the morning. Check out this creative build that combines a microprocessor, addressable LEDs, and a nifty laser-cut bracket to yield a polished and wall-mountable alarm clock lamp. Courtesy of NYC-based tinker Holly, the project features a detailed build guide that references all the other projects that inspired her sunrise simulator. Hit up the link below to check out everything from her laser cut shade brackets to the Adafruit module she used to control the light timing. Sunrise Lamp Alarm Clock [via Make] How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates How to Get Pro Features in Windows Home Versions with Third Party Tools HTG Explains: Is ReadyBoost Worth Using?

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  • Don't Cut Corners on Server Defragmentation

    Hard-Core Hardware: Fragmentation may not cut it as a big screen villain, but it remains a threat and handicap to optimal server performance. In this era of massive hard drives and virtualization, minimizing fragmentation is more critical than ever.

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  • Don't Cut Corners on Server Defragmentation

    Hard-Core Hardware: Fragmentation may not cut it as a big screen villain, but it remains a threat and handicap to optimal server performance. In this era of massive hard drives and virtualization, minimizing fragmentation is more critical than ever.

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  • MP3 files cut off in the Ubuntu One Android app

    - by rudefyet
    I noticed today on my phone (Droid X running Android 2.2.1) that when streaming the Ubuntu One app would skip to the next song before the previous one had finished. Looking into it, one of the mp3s downloaded from the server was only 2.5MB instead of 4.2MB as it shows on the server itself via one.ubuntu.com. It's happened with multiple tracks today (I remember it happening once the first time I used the app too but shrugged it off as a glitch). The app itself shows a star on the playlist item indicating the file was downloaded even though it was apparently cut off for some reason, perhaps lack of good cell coverage, or some sort of dropped connection. It seems like the latter may be happening and instead of showing an error or retrying it just stops and shows the download is complete.

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  • How to cut audio file with avconv?

    - by x-yuri
    I have a hard time trying to figure out how to cut a file with avconv. Here's the command I use: avconv -ss 52:13:49 -t 01:13:52 -i RR119Accessibility.wav RR119Accessibility-2.wav But it doesn't work. I get the whole file as a result. Well, almost the whole file. Somehow the resulting file has duration 1:16:31 instead of 1:17:23. Also I believe I executed this command in every possible way: with -ss and -t after -i, with -t specifying ending point, with mp3 files, with specifying audio codec, with ffmpeg. Am I doing it wrong?

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  • ffmpeg: cut multiple input files with seeking to one output file

    - by Josef Kufner
    I have list of video files (loaded from database), each with start and end time of requested interval: # file begin end v1.mp4 1:01 2:01 v2.mp4 3:02 3:32 v3.mp4 2:03 5:23 And I need to create single video file containing these intervals: [0:00]---v1---[2:00]---v2---[2:30]---v3---[5:50] I preffer usig ffmpeg, since it is installed on server. Caller program is written in PHP. It is easy to cut one input to one output (argument escaping removed for clarity): exec("ffmpeg -ss $begin -i $input_file -ss $begin -c copy $output_file"); I there any easier way than executing ffmpeg for each interval and then execute it once more to concatenate prepared clips together? I really do not like to have a lot of temporary files or dealing with complex process handling.

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