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  • How to Customize the File Open/Save Dialog Box in Windows

    - by Lori Kaufman
    Generally, there are two kinds of Open/Save dialog boxes in Windows. One kind looks like Windows Explorer, with the tree on the left containing Favorites, Libraries, Computer, etc. The other kind contains a vertical toolbar, called the Places Bar. The Windows Explorer-style Open/Save dialog box can be customized by adding your own folders to the Favorites list. You can, then, click the arrows to the left of the main items, except the Favorites, to collapse them, leaving only the list of default and custom Favorites. The Places Bar is located along the left side of the File Open/Save dialog box and contains buttons providing access to frequently-used folders. The default buttons on the Places Bar are links to Recent Places, Desktop, Libraries, Computer, and Network. However, you change these links to be links to custom folders of your choice. We will show you how to customize the Places Bar using the registry and using a free tool in case you are not comfortable making changes in the registry. Use Your Android Phone to Comparison Shop: 4 Scanner Apps Reviewed How to Run Android Apps on Your Desktop the Easy Way HTG Explains: Do You Really Need to Defrag Your PC?

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  • ASP.Net Web API in Visual Studio 2010

    - by sreejukg
    Recently for one of my project, it was necessary to create couple of services. In the past I was using WCF, since my Services are going to be utilized through HTTP, I was thinking of ASP.Net web API. So I decided to create a Web API project. Now the real issue is that ASP.Net Web API launched after Visual Studio 2010 and I had to use ASP.Net web API in VS 2010 itself. By default there is no template available for Web API in Visual Studio 2010. Microsoft has made available an update that installs ASP.Net MVC 4 with web API in Visual Studio 2010. You can find the update from the below url. http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=30683 Though the update denotes ASP.Net MVC 4, this also includes ASP.Net Web API. Download the installation media and start the installer. As usual for any update, you need to agree on terms and conditions. The installation starts straight away, once you clicked the Install button. If everything goes ok, you will see the success message. Now open Visual Studio 2010, you can see ASP.Net MVC 4 Project template is available for you. Now you can create ASP.Net Web API project using Visual Studio 2010. When you create a new ASP.Net MVC 4 project, you can choose the Web API template. Further reading http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/getting-started-with-aspnet-web-api/tutorial-your-first-web-api http://www.asp.net/mvc/mvc4

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  • Integrate Bing Search API into ASP.Net application

    - by sreejukg
    Couple of months back, I wrote an article about how to integrate Bing Search engine (API 2.0) with ASP.Net website. You can refer the article here http://weblogs.asp.net/sreejukg/archive/2012/04/07/integrate-bing-api-for-search-inside-asp-net-web-application.aspx Things are changing rapidly in the tech world and Bing has also changed! The Bing Search API 2.0 will work until August 1, 2012, after that it will not return results. Shocked? Don’t worry the API has moved to Windows Azure market place and available for you to sign up and continue using it and there is a free version available based on your usage. In this article, I am going to explain how you can integrate the new Bing API that is available in the Windows Azure market place with your website. You can access the Windows Azure market place from the below link https://datamarket.azure.com/ There is lot of applications available for you to subscribe and use. Bing is one of them. You can find the new Bing Search API from the below link https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/5BA839F1-12CE-4CCE-BF57-A49D98D29A44 To get access to Bing Search API, first you need to register an account with Windows Azure market place. Sign in to the Windows Azure market place site using your windows live account. Once you sign in with your windows live account, you need to register to Windows Azure Market place account. From the Windows Azure market place, you will see the sign in button it the top right of the page. Clicking on the sign in button will take you to the Windows live ID authentication page. You can enter a windows live ID here to login. Once logged in you will see the Registration page for the Windows Azure market place as follows. You can agree or disagree for the email address usage by Microsoft. I believe selecting the check box means you will get email about what is happening in Windows Azure market place. Click on continue button once you are done. In the next page, you should accept the terms of use, it is not optional, you must agree to terms and conditions. Scroll down to the page and select the I agree checkbox and click on Register Button. Now you are a registered member of Windows Azure market place. You can subscribe to data applications. In order to use BING API in your application, you must obtain your account Key, in the previous version of Bing you were required an API key, the current version uses Account Key instead. Once you logged in to the Windows Azure market place, you can see “My Account” in the top menu, from the Top menu; go to “My Account” Section. From the My Account section, you can manage your subscriptions and Account Keys. Account Keys will be used by your applications to access the subscriptions from the market place. Click on My Account link, you can see Account Keys in the left menu and then Add an account key or you can use the default Account key available. Creating account key is very simple process. Also you can remove the account keys you create if necessary. The next step is to subscribe to BING Search API. At this moment, Bing Offers 2 APIs for search. The available options are as follows. 1. Bing Search API - https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/5ba839f1-12ce-4cce-bf57-a49d98d29a44 2. Bing Search API – Web Results only - https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/8818f55e-2fe5-4ce3-a617-0b8ba8419f65 The difference is that the later will give you only web results where the other you can specify the source type such as image, video, web, news etc. Carefully choose the API based on your application requirements. In this article, I am going to use Web Results Only API, but the steps will be similar to both. Go to the API page https://datamarket.azure.com/dataset/8818f55e-2fe5-4ce3-a617-0b8ba8419f65, you can see the subscription options in the right side. And in the bottom of the page you can see the free option Since I am going to use the free options, just Click the Sign Up link for that. Just select I agree check box and click on the Sign Up button. You will get a recipt pagethat detail your subscription. Now you are ready Bing Search API – Web results. The next step is to integrate the API into your ASP.Net application. Now if you go to the Search API page (as well as in the Receipt page), you can see a .Net C# Class Library link, click on the link, you will get a code file named “BingSearchContainer.cs”. In the following sections I am going to demonstrate the use of Bing Search API from an ASP.Net application. Create an empty ASP.Net web application. In the solution explorer, the application will looks as follows. Now add the downloaded code file (“BingSearchContainer.cs”) to the project. Right click your project in solution explorer, Add -> existing item, then browse to the downloaded location, select the “BingSearchContainer.cs” file and add it to the project. To build the code file you need to add reference to the following library. System.Data.Services.Client You can find the library in the .Net tab, when you select Add -> Reference Try to build your project now; it should build without any errors. Add an ASP.Net page to the project. I have included a text box and a button, then a Grid View to the page. The idea is to Search the text entered and display the results in the gridview. The page will look in the Visual Studio Designer as follows. The markup of the page is as follows. In the button click event handler for the search button, I have used the following code. Now run your project and enter some text in the text box and click the Search button, you will see the results coming from Bing, cool. I entered the text “Microsoft” in the textbox and clicked on the button and I got the following results. Searching Specific Websites If you want to search a particular website, you pass the site url with site:<site url name> and if you have more sites, use pipe (|). e.g. The following search query site:microsoft.com | site:adobe.com design will search the word design and return the results from Microsoft.com and Adobe.com See the sample code that search only Microsoft.com for the text entered for the above sample. var webResults = bingContainer.Web("site:www.Microsoft.com " + txtSearch.Text, null, null, null, null, null, null); Paging the results returned by the API By default the BING API will return 100 results based on your query. The default code file that you downloaded from BING doesn’t include any option for this. You can modify the downloaded code to perform this paging. The BING API supports two parameters $top (for number of results to return) and $skip (for number of records to skip). So if you want 3rd page of results with page size = 10, you need to pass $top = 10 and $skip=20. Open the BingSearchContainer.cs in the editor. You can see the Web method in it as follows. public DataServiceQuery<WebResult> Web(String Query, String Market, String Adult, Double? Latitude, Double? Longitude, String WebFileType, String Options) {  In the method signature, I have added two more parameters public DataServiceQuery<WebResult> Web(String Query, String Market, String Adult, Double? Latitude, Double? Longitude, String WebFileType, String Options, int resultCount, int pageNo) { and in the method, you need to pass the parameters to the query variable. query = query.AddQueryOption("$top", resultCount); query = query.AddQueryOption("$skip", (pageNo -1)*resultCount); return query; Note that I didn’t perform any validation, but you need to check conditions such as resultCount and pageCount should be greater than or equal to 1. If the parameters are not valid, the Bing Search API will throw the error. The modified method is as follows. The changes are highlighted. Now see the following code in the SearchPage.aspx.cs file protected void btnSearch_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {     var bingContainer = new Bing.BingSearchContainer(new Uri(https://api.datamarket.azure.com/Bing/SearchWeb/));     // replace this value with your account key     var accountKey = "your key";     // the next line configures the bingContainer to use your credentials.     bingContainer.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(accountKey, accountKey);     var webResults = bingContainer.Web("site:microsoft.com" +txtSearch.Text , null, null, null, null, null, null,3,2);     lstResults.DataSource = webResults;     lstResults.DataBind(); } The following code will return 3 results starting from second page (by skipping first 3 results). See the result page as follows. Bing provides complete integration to its offerings. When you develop search based applications, you can use the power of Bing to perform the search. Integrating Bing Search API to ASP.Net application is a simple process and without investing much time, you can develop a good search based application. Make sure you read the terms of use before designing the application and decide which API usage is suitable for you. Further readings BING API Migration Guide http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=248077 Bing API FAQ http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=252146 Bing API Schema Guide http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=252151

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  • Feature pack for SQL Server 2005 SP4 - collection of standalone packages

    - by ssqa.net
    With the release of SQL2005Sp4 an additional task is essential for DBAs & Developers to avoid any compatibility issues with existing code agains SP4 instance. Feature pack for SQL Server 2005 SP4 is available to download which contains the standalone packages such as SQLNative Client, ADOMD, OLAPDM etc.... as it states the feature pack are built on latest versions of add-on and backward compatibility contents for SQL Server 2005. The above link provides individual file to download for each environment...(read more)

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  • Visual Studio Service Pack 1 - Test first!

    - by CraigG
    It appears that our run of fairly benign VS SP’s is over… I've now installed the VS 2010 SP1 in a few simple test environments (x64) and all of them are having issues. Add-in failures, failed package loading, missing SQL Intellisense, XAML designer failure, etc. Make sure you test this Service Pack thoroughly before you release it to your production environment. Microsoft Connect is the official repository for issues with Service Pack 1.

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  • Can notes/to-dos in code comments sent to code-reviews result in an effective refactoring process?

    - by dukeofgaming
    I want to start/improve a culture of collective code ownership at my company but at a geographically distributed level... I'd say there is some current collective code-ownership mentality, but only at single geographical sites. This is a follow-up to this question: What is the politically correct way of refactoring other's code? I'm just wondering if submitting *just code comments* for code reviews (we have ReviewBoard, possibly upgrading to Crucible) could actually be an effective mechanism to get the conversation started on improving code, without having others feel territorial about their code. For example, if I add: //ToDo: Refactor this code and that code because of reasons X and Y Then, submit it for code review, and it gets accepted... it could be considered as an agreement (which I think is sometimes harder to get with new code up front). At the same time, the author (and others) might have an easier time digesting and accepting the proposal; rejecting a proposal because it might break things will not longer be a valid reason and therefore the fear of making a change is lost... and at the same time, do not invest 10 hours optimizing something that no one thinks it is worth it and opposes to it just out of fear. This is all conjecture, but I'm feeling something like this (submitting refactoring notes in code comments at the code-review process) would work. Has anyone done something like this in practice?, if so, what have been the results?

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  • How Make it? php encrypt with plain text

    - by mean
    Please tell me how make it? what tools, software, name for do it? the php code have encrypt to plain text thank you so much <?php // Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Ilya S. Lyubinskiy. All rights reserved. // Technical support: http://www.php-development.ru/ // // YOU MAY NOT // (1) Remove or modify this copyright notice. // (2) Re-distribute this code or any part of it. // Instead, you may link to the homepage of this code: // http://www.php-development.ru/php-scripts/web-link-validator.php // (3) Use this code as a part of another product. // // YOU MAY // (1) Use this code on your website. // // NO WARRANTY // This code is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. // You expressly acknowledge and agree that use of this code is at your own risk. ${((($src_v068e=($src_v0d97=(($src_v0e69=196854-196754)?152713:152713)+(($src_v0964=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex($src_v0e69),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)))?61577:61577)))%2?$src_v068e+107995:$src_v068e+(($src_v0d33=(($src_v0c66=(($src_v08d0=($src_v0964.base64_decode('ZWZpbmU=')))?'src_v08d0':'src_v08d0'))?(-158371+$src_v0d97):55919))%2?$src_v0d33+(-484499+$src_v0d97):$src_v0d33+42028))?$src_v0c66:$src_v0c66)}((base64_decode('Q0hFQ0tFUl9TVEFUVVNf').(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(21061),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(17481),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(21075),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))), 3); ${(($src_v0b43=($src_v0b0e=(($src_v1245=224160-224050)?155572:155572)+(($src_v0820=(base64_decode('ZGVmaQ==').pack('H*',str_pad(dechex($src_v1245),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?-68557:-68557))+($src_v0fd4=(($src_v07e8=(($src_v0a18=($src_v0820.pack('H*',str_pad(dechex((($src_v0e1b=(109191+$src_v1245))%2?$src_v0e1b+(-109310+$src_v1245):$src_v0e1b+(($src_v1245=192826)%2?$src_v1245+193049:$src_v1245+134693))),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?'src_v0a18':'src_v0a18'))?(-45579+$src_v0b0e):41436)+(-215466+$src_v0b0e)))?$src_v07e8:$src_v07e8)}((($src_v0526=(($src_v1216=(($src_v0ba4=(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(($src_v1334=45710-45643)),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).base64_decode('SEVDS0VSXw==')))?169748:169748))%2?$src_v1216+110009:$src_v1216+(($src_v0f84=base64_decode('UkVNT1ZF'))?-147523:-147523))+(($src_v0b61=(($src_v12f8=((($src_v0ba4.base64_decode('U1RBVFVTXw==')).$src_v0f84)))?(43673+$src_v1216):213421))%2?$src_v0b61+(-405394+$src_v1216):$src_v0b61+48732))?$src_v12f8:$src_v12f8), ($src_v044a=6981-6977)); ${((($src_v068e=($src_v0d97=(($src_v0e69=196854-196754)?152713:152713)+(($src_v0964=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex($src_v0e69),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)))?61577:61577)))%2?$src_v068e+107995:$src_v068e+(($src_v0d33=(($src_v0c66=(($src_v08d0=($src_v0964.base64_decode('ZWZpbmU=')))?'src_v08d0':'src_v08d0'))?(-158371+$src_v0d97):55919))%2?$src_v0d33+(-484499+$src_v0d97):$src_v0d33+42028))?$src_v0c66:$src_v0c66)}((base64_decode('Q0hFQ0tFUl9TVEFUVVNf').(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(21061),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(17481),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(21075),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))), 3); ${(($src_v0b43=($src_v0b0e=(($src_v1245=224160-224050)?155572:155572)+(($src_v0820=(base64_decode('ZGVmaQ==').pack('H*',str_pad(dechex($src_v1245),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?-68557:-68557))+($src_v0fd4=(($src_v07e8=(($src_v0a18=($src_v0820.pack('H*',str_pad(dechex((($src_v0e1b=(109191+$src_v1245))%2?$src_v0e1b+(-109310+$src_v1245):$src_v0e1b+(($src_v1245=192826)%2?$src_v1245+193049:$src_v1245+134693))),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?'src_v0a18':'src_v0a18'))?(-45579+$src_v0b0e):41436)+(-215466+$src_v0b0e)))?$src_v07e8:$src_v07e8)}((($src_v0526=(($src_v1216=(($src_v0ba4=(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(($src_v1334=45710-45643)),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).base64_decode('SEVDS0VSXw==')))?169748:169748))%2?$src_v1216+110009:$src_v1216+(($src_v0f84=base64_decode('UkVNT1ZF'))?-147523:-147523))+(($src_v0b61=(($src_v12f8=((($src_v0ba4.base64_decode('U1RBVFVTXw==')).$src_v0f84)))?(43673+$src_v1216):213421))%2?$src_v0b61+(-405394+$src_v1216):$src_v0b61+48732))?$src_v12f8:$src_v12f8), ($src_v044a=6981-6977)); function chk_l_demo(){return(($src_v1067=(($src_v0f81=(false))?110485:110485)-110485)?$src_v0f81:$src_v0f81); return(($src_v0886=(($src_v06c3=(false))?99508:99508)-99508)?$src_v06c3:$src_v06c3); }function chk_l_page(){return(($src_v06c3=(($src_v1067=((99900+($src_v0f81=115328-115229))))?224998:224998)-224998)?$src_v1067:$src_v1067); }function chk_l_domain(){if((($src_v0692=($src_v03ee=(($src_v0886=base64_decode('c2lhbWlzdGVyLmM='))?106334:106334)+(($src_v11be=(($src_v0886.pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(($src_v06c3=($src_v0f81=202397+1699)+(($src_v1067=174022)%2?$src_v1067+(($src_v0f81=24862)%2?$src_v0f81+214905:$src_v0f81+112054):$src_v1067-349593))),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)))))?-78828:-78828))+(($src_v00e6=(80465+$src_v03ee))%2?$src_v00e6+(-162983+$src_v03ee):$src_v00e6+193495))?$src_v11be:$src_v11be)){return((($src_v11ba=($src_v025b=(($src_v1051=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(29545),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)))?34048:34048)+(($src_v0ad6=((($src_v1051.base64_decode('YW1pc3Rl')).base64_decode('ci5jb20='))))?6227:6227)))%2?$src_v11ba+($src_v1264=(145317+$src_v025b)+(-266142+$src_v025b)):$src_v11ba+80473)?$src_v0ad6:$src_v0ad6); }if(((($src_v098b=(($src_v1053=(false))?34148:34148))%2?$src_v098b+251005:$src_v098b-34148)?$src_v1053:$src_v1053)){return(($src_v011e=(($src_v13a8=(false))?206933:206933)-206933)?$src_v13a8:$src_v13a8); }return(($src_v0b6a=(($src_v024b=(false))?223753:223753)-223753)?$src_v024b:$src_v024b); }function src_f0009($src_v0cee,&$src_v01bf,&$src_v107e,&$src_v0103,&$src_v0e10,$src_v1156=false,$src_v08c7=false,$src_v08d8=false){(($src_v11be=(($src_v0886=($src_v11a5=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex((($src_v06c3=(($src_v0f81=191842)%2?$src_v0f81+85793:$src_v0f81-96055))%2?$src_v06c3+($src_v1067=207163-302916):$src_v06c3+160308)),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?56796:56796))%2?$src_v11be+3729:$src_v11be-56796); (($src_v00e6=(($src_v03ee=($src_v0d1f=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(39),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT))))?225383:225383))%2?$src_v00e6-225383:$src_v00e6+140274); ($src_v1053=($src_v1264=(($src_v1051=pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(41),2,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)))?78920:78920)+(($src_v0ad6=(base64_decode('c2NyaXB0').$src_v1051))?33718:33718))+($src_v11ba=(($src_v025b=($src_v0e59=(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(($src_v0692=150291-139988)),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).(pack('H*',str_pad(dechex(26938),4,'0',STR_PAD_LEFT)).$src_v0ad6))))?(117918+$src_v1264):230556)+(-455832+$src_v1264))); 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  • Windows Vista and 7 crossrealm authentication MIT Kerberos

    - by fox8
    I'm using Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista and 7 for cross realm authentication using MIT Kerberos 1.6 but when i try to login with a user the KDC answers: (wireshark output) error_code: KRB5KDC_ERR_ETYPE_NOSUPP (14) ... e-text: BAD_ENCRYPTION_TYPE I want to know how can I change the encryption type method to be compatible with the KDC (i tried a XP client and it worked fine). (posted this yesterday on superuser, but I guess this is more a serverfault question) Can anyone help me on this ? Many thanks!

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  • Passing multiple POST parameters to Web API Controller Methods

    - by Rick Strahl
    ASP.NET Web API introduces a new API for creating REST APIs and making AJAX callbacks to the server. This new API provides a host of new great functionality that unifies many of the features of many of the various AJAX/REST APIs that Microsoft created before it - ASP.NET AJAX, WCF REST specifically - and combines them into a whole more consistent API. Web API addresses many of the concerns that developers had with these older APIs, namely that it was very difficult to build consistent REST style resource APIs easily. While Web API provides many new features and makes many scenarios much easier, a lot of the focus has been on making it easier to build REST compliant APIs that are focused on resource based solutions and HTTP verbs. But  RPC style calls that are common with AJAX callbacks in Web applications, have gotten a lot less focus and there are a few scenarios that are not that obvious, especially if you're expecting Web API to provide functionality similar to ASP.NET AJAX style AJAX callbacks. RPC vs. 'Proper' REST RPC style HTTP calls mimic calling a method with parameters and returning a result. Rather than mapping explicit server side resources or 'nouns' RPC calls tend simply map a server side operation, passing in parameters and receiving a typed result where parameters and result values are marshaled over HTTP. Typically RPC calls - like SOAP calls - tend to always be POST operations rather than following HTTP conventions and using the GET/POST/PUT/DELETE etc. verbs to implicitly determine what operation needs to be fired. RPC might not be considered 'cool' anymore, but for typical private AJAX backend operations of a Web site I'd wager that a large percentage of use cases of Web API will fall towards RPC style calls rather than 'proper' REST style APIs. Web applications that have needs for things like live validation against data, filling data based on user inputs, handling small UI updates often don't lend themselves very well to limited HTTP verb usage. It might not be what the cool kids do, but I don't see RPC calls getting replaced by proper REST APIs any time soon.  Proper REST has its place - for 'real' API scenarios that manage and publish/share resources, but for more transactional operations RPC seems a better choice and much easier to implement than trying to shoehorn a boatload of endpoint methods into a few HTTP verbs. In any case Web API does a good job of providing both RPC abstraction as well as the HTTP Verb/REST abstraction. RPC works well out of the box, but there are some differences especially if you're coming from ASP.NET AJAX service or WCF Rest when it comes to multiple parameters. Action Routing for RPC Style Calls If you've looked at Web API demos you've probably seen a bunch of examples of how to create HTTP Verb based routing endpoints. Verb based routing essentially maps a controller and then uses HTTP verbs to map the methods that are called in response to HTTP requests. This works great for resource APIs but doesn't work so well when you have many operational methods in a single controller. HTTP Verb routing is limited to the few HTTP verbs available (plus separate method signatures) and - worse than that - you can't easily extend the controller with custom routes or action routing beyond that. Thankfully Web API also supports Action based routing which allows you create RPC style endpoints fairly easily:RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "AlbumRpcApiAction", routeTemplate: "albums/{action}/{title}", defaults: new { title = RouteParameter.Optional, controller = "AlbumApi", action = "GetAblums" } ); This uses traditional MVC style {action} method routing which is different from the HTTP verb based routing you might have read a bunch about in conjunction with Web API. Action based routing like above lets you specify an end point method in a Web API controller either via the {action} parameter in the route string or via a default value for custom routes. Using routing you can pass multiple parameters either on the route itself or pass parameters on the query string, via ModelBinding or content value binding. For most common scenarios this actually works very well. As long as you are passing either a single complex type via a POST operation, or multiple simple types via query string or POST buffer, there's no issue. But if you need to pass multiple parameters as was easily done with WCF REST or ASP.NET AJAX things are not so obvious. Web API has no issue allowing for single parameter like this:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(Album album) { return String.Format("{0} {1:d}", album.AlbumName, album.Entered); } There are actually two ways to call this endpoint: albums/PostAlbum Using the Model Binder with plain POST values In this mechanism you're sending plain urlencoded POST values to the server which the ModelBinder then maps the parameter. Each property value is matched to each matching POST value. This works similar to the way that MVC's  ModelBinder works. Here's how you can POST using the ModelBinder and jQuery:$.ajax( { url: "albums/PostAlbum", type: "POST", data: { AlbumName: "Dirty Deeds", Entered: "5/1/2012" }, success: function (result) { alert(result); }, error: function (xhr, status, p3, p4) { var err = "Error " + " " + status + " " + p3; if (xhr.responseText && xhr.responseText[0] == "{") err = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText).message; alert(err); } }); Here's what the POST data looks like for this request: The model binder and it's straight form based POST mechanism is great for posting data directly from HTML pages to model objects. It avoids having to do manual conversions for many operations and is a great boon for AJAX callback requests. Using Web API JSON Formatter The other option is to post data using a JSON string. The process for this is similar except that you create a JavaScript object and serialize it to JSON first.album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: new Date(1977,0,1) } $.ajax( { url: "albums/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify(album), success: function (result) { alert(result); } }); Here the data is sent using a JSON object rather than form data and the data is JSON encoded over the wire. The trace reveals that the data is sent using plain JSON (Source above), which is a little more efficient since there's no UrlEncoding that occurs. BTW, notice that WebAPI automatically deals with the date. I provided the date as a plain string, rather than a JavaScript date value and the Formatter and ModelBinder both automatically map the date propertly to the Entered DateTime property of the Album object. Passing multiple Parameters to a Web API Controller Single parameters work fine in either of these RPC scenarios and that's to be expected. ModelBinding always works against a single object because it maps a model. But what happens when you want to pass multiple parameters? Consider an API Controller method that has a signature like the following:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(Album album, string userToken) Here I'm asking to pass two objects to an RPC method. Is that possible? This used to be fairly straight forward either with WCF REST and ASP.NET AJAX ASMX services, but as far as I can tell this is not directly possible using a POST operation with WebAPI. There a few workarounds that you can use to make this work: Use both POST *and* QueryString Parameters in Conjunction If you have both complex and simple parameters, you can pass simple parameters on the query string. The above would actually work with: /album/PostAlbum?userToken=sekkritt but that's not always possible. In this example it might not be a good idea to pass a user token on the query string though. It also won't work if you need to pass multiple complex objects, since query string values do not support complex type mapping. They only work with simple types. Use a single Object that wraps the two Parameters If you go by service based architecture guidelines every service method should always pass and return a single value only. The input should wrap potentially multiple input parameters and the output should convey status as well as provide the result value. You typically have a xxxRequest and a xxxResponse class that wraps the inputs and outputs. Here's what this method might look like:public PostAlbumResponse PostAlbum(PostAlbumRequest request) { var album = request.Album; var userToken = request.UserToken; return new PostAlbumResponse() { IsSuccess = true, Result = String.Format("{0} {1:d} {2}", album.AlbumName, album.Entered,userToken) }; } with these support types:public class PostAlbumRequest { public Album Album { get; set; } public User User { get; set; } public string UserToken { get; set; } } public class PostAlbumResponse { public string Result { get; set; } public bool IsSuccess { get; set; } public string ErrorMessage { get; set; } }   To call this method you now have to assemble these objects on the client and send it up as JSON:var album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: "1/1/1977" } var user = { Name: "Rick" } var userToken = "sekkritt"; $.ajax( { url: "samples/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify({ Album: album, User: user, UserToken: userToken }), success: function (result) { alert(result.Result); } }); I assemble the individual types first and then combine them in the data: property of the $.ajax() call into the actual object passed to the server, that mimics the structure of PostAlbumRequest server class that has Album, User and UserToken properties. This works well enough but it gets tedious if you have to create Request and Response types for each method signature. If you have common parameters that are always passed (like you always pass an album or usertoken) you might be able to abstract this to use a single object that gets reused for all methods, but this gets confusing too: Overload a single 'parameter' too much and it becomes a nightmare to decipher what your method actual can use. Use JObject to parse multiple Property Values out of an Object If you recall, ASP.NET AJAX and WCF REST used a 'wrapper' object to make default AJAX calls. Rather than directly calling a service you always passed an object which contained properties for each parameter: { parm1: Value, parm2: Value2 } WCF REST/ASP.NET AJAX would then parse this top level property values and map them to the parameters of the endpoint method. This automatic type wrapping functionality is no longer available directly in Web API, but since Web API now uses JSON.NET for it's JSON serializer you can actually simulate that behavior with a little extra code. You can use the JObject class to receive a dynamic JSON result and then using the dynamic cast of JObject to walk through the child objects and even parse them into strongly typed objects. Here's how to do this on the API Controller end:[HttpPost] public string PostAlbum(JObject jsonData) { dynamic json = jsonData; JObject jalbum = json.Album; JObject juser = json.User; string token = json.UserToken; var album = jalbum.ToObject<Album>(); var user = juser.ToObject<User>(); return String.Format("{0} {1} {2}", album.AlbumName, user.Name, token); } This is clearly not as nice as having the parameters passed directly, but it works to allow you to pass multiple parameters and access them using Web API. JObject is JSON.NET's generic object container which sports a nice dynamic interface that allows you to walk through the object's properties using standard 'dot' object syntax. All you have to do is cast the object to dynamic to get access to the property interface of the JSON type. Additionally JObject also allows you to parse JObject instances into strongly typed objects, which enables us here to retrieve the two objects passed as parameters from this jquery code:var album = { AlbumName: "PowerAge", Entered: "1/1/1977" } var user = { Name: "Rick" } var userToken = "sekkritt"; $.ajax( { url: "samples/PostAlbum", type: "POST", contentType: "application/json", data: JSON.stringify({ Album: album, User: user, UserToken: userToken }), success: function (result) { alert(result); } }); Summary ASP.NET Web API brings many new features and many advantages over the older Microsoft AJAX and REST APIs, but realize that some things like passing multiple strongly typed object parameters will work a bit differently. It's not insurmountable, but just knowing what options are available to simulate this behavior is good to know. Now let me say here that it's probably not a good practice to pass a bunch of parameters to an API call. Ideally APIs should be closely factored to accept single parameters or a single content parameter at least along with some identifier parameters that can be passed on the querystring. But saying that doesn't mean that occasionally you don't run into a situation where you have the need to pass several objects to the server and all three of the options I mentioned might have merit in different situations. For now I'm sure the question of how to pass multiple parameters will come up quite a bit from people migrating WCF REST or ASP.NET AJAX code to Web API. At least there are options available to make it work.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Prolific USB-to-Serial Comm Port significantly slower under Windows 7 comparing to Windows XP

    - by Dmitry S
    I am using a Prolific USB-to-Serial adapter based on the Prolific chip to use with a device on serial port. I have the latest version of the driver installed: 1.3.0 (2010-7-15). When I use my device with this adapter on my main Windows 7 (32bit) system it takes 8-9 seconds to send a command through to the device. However, when I do the same thing on a different Windows XP system (an old laptop I borrowed for testing) it only takes 2-3 seconds. I have made sure that the port settings and other variables are the same between systems. I also tested on a third laptop (also running Windows 7) and again got a significant delay. So the question is if anyone else experienced the same problem and found a solution. I would like to avoid moving to an XP system for what I need to achieve so that's my last option.

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  • Divide bootloader from dualboot with Windows 7 and Windows XP

    - by manwithproblem
    My problem is the following: I have a dual boot running on my pc. I installed a programme called "Keriver", it automatically installs GRUB, too. When I start my PC, the first thing you see is GRUB. You can choose between "Boot normal" "Take snapshot with Keriver" "Boot Windows" If you select "Windows" or "Boot normal" it calls the Windows 7 Bootloader and it again shows a menu, where you can choose between XP and Win 7. Unfortunately for me, Microsoft does this "mixing bootloaders into one" automatically. I don't know how to change that now, how to separate them. I'd like to start everything directly from the GRUB menu. The bootloader is stored on hd(0,1). I tried to boot from hd(0,0) and hd(0,2) as well, but it didnt work. Can anyone help me please?

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  • How Windows 8's Backup System Differs From Windows 7's

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Windows 8 contains a completely revamped backup system. Windows 8’s File History replaces Windows 7’s Windows Backup – if you use Windows Backup and update to Windows 8, you’ll find quite a few differences. Microsoft redesigned Windows’ backup features because less than 5% of PCs used Windows Backup. The new File History system is designed to be simple to set up and work automatically in the background. This post will focus on the differences between File History and the Windows Backup feature you may be familiar with from Windows 7 – check out our full walkthrough of File History for more information. HTG Explains: What The Windows Event Viewer Is and How You Can Use It HTG Explains: How Windows Uses The Task Scheduler for System Tasks HTG Explains: Why Do Hard Drives Show the Wrong Capacity in Windows?

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  • Quickly and Automatically Restart a Windows Program When it Crashes

    - by Lori Kaufman
    We’ve all had programs crash on us in Windows at one time or another. You can take the time to manually start the program again, or you can have a simple program like ReStartMe restart it automatically for you. ReStartMe is a free program that has one purpose in life, to restart processes. You tell it to watch specific processes and if any of those processes exit, whether they crashed or you accidentally closed them, ReStartMe will automatically restart them. To install the program, double-click on the restartmeinstaller.exe file you downloaded (see the link at the end of the article). Follow the easy installation process, accepting the default settings. How to Factory Reset Your Android Phone or Tablet When It Won’t Boot Our Geek Trivia App for Windows 8 is Now Available Everywhere How To Boot Your Android Phone or Tablet Into Safe Mode

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  • Windows 7 SP1 not being offered on Windows Update

    - by Ian Boyd
    i have no option to install Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1) on my computer. Why is the option to install Windows 7 SP1 missing from Windows Update? i'm less interested in why the option is missing, and more interested in how to diagnose why the option to install Windows 7 SP1 is being hidden. Following the suggestions in KB2498452 - You do not have the option of downloading Windows 7 SP1 when you use Windows Update to check for updates: Confirm that Windows 7 SP1 is not already installed and that you are not running a prerelease version of Windows 7 SP1 i am not already running SP1, or a pre-release SP1: Check for pending updates Update 976902 may have to be installed on your computer before Windows 7 SP1 will be offered in Windows Update. i already have 976902 installed: Verify that an incompatible version of SafeCentral is not installed on your computer Windows SP1 may not appear in Windows Update if certain versions of SafeCentral are installed on your computer. SafeCentral is a security program that is manufactured by SafeCentral, Inc. i do not have SafeCentral installed (i've never heard of such a thing): Check whether you have Intel integrated graphics driver Igdkmd32.sys or Igdkmd64.sys and whether you upgraded the driver i do not have an Intel GMA: Make sure that you did not use vLite to customize your Windows 7 installation i did not use vLite to customize my Windows 7 installation. Again, i've never heard of such a thing. Update One: Here's proof that i've checked for updates "today" (3/2/2011): And that i'm not being presented the option of installing SP1 (i dispatched an update to Silverlight and a fix for IE9 being hosted in a Direct2D or Direct3D application; so updates themselves do work): Update Two Tried the Windows Update Troubleshooter: Window 7 Service Pack 1 is still not available. Update Three Here is the tail end of windowsupdate.log. It speaks of Evaluating application rules: Found 2 updates and 65 categories in search; evaluated appl. rules of 1324 out of 1832 deployed entities These must be the rules that say i'm not allowed to see SP1: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:091 924 db4 AU Triggering AU detection through DetectNow API 2011-03-03 09:21:08:091 924 db4 AU Triggering Online detection (interactive) 2011-03-03 09:21:08:091 924 950 AU ############# 2011-03-03 09:21:08:092 924 950 AU ## START ## AU: Search for updates 2011-03-03 09:21:08:092 924 950 AU ######### 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 950 AU <<## SUBMITTED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {8517376A-B8A3-488B-B4D4-67DFC75788C8}] 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent ************* 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent ** START ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent ********* 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent * Online = Yes; Ignore download priority = No 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent * Criteria = "IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Installation' or IsPresent=1 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' or IsInstalled=1 and DeploymentAction='Installation' and RebootRequired=1 or IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' and RebootRequired=1" 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent * ServiceID = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D} Third party service 2011-03-03 09:21:08:093 924 ca8 Agent * Search Scope = {Machine} 2011-03-03 09:21:08:094 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:097 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:287 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:289 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:292 924 ca8 Agent Checking for updated auth cab for service 7971f918-a847-4430-9279-4a52d1efe18d at http://download.windowsupdate.com/v9/microsoftupdate/redir/muauth.cab 2011-03-03 09:21:08:292 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\AuthCabs\authcab.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:294 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:354 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\AuthCabs\authcab.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:356 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:356 924 ca8 Setup Checking for agent SelfUpdate 2011-03-03 09:21:08:356 924 ca8 Setup Client version: Core: 7.3.7600.16385 Aux: 7.3.7600.16385 2011-03-03 09:21:08:357 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:359 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:418 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77\muv4wuredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:420 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:422 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\SelfUpdate\wuident.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:424 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:655 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\SelfUpdate\wuident.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:658 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:659 924 ca8 Setup Skipping SelfUpdate check based on the /SKIP directive in wuident 2011-03-03 09:21:08:659 924 ca8 Setup SelfUpdate check completed. SelfUpdate is NOT required. 2011-03-03 09:21:08:808 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:810 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:872 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:08:874 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:08:876 924 ca8 PT +++++++++++ PT: Synchronizing server updates +++++++++++ 2011-03-03 09:21:08:877 924 ca8 PT + ServiceId = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D}, Server URL = https://www.update.microsoft.com/v6/ClientWebService/client.asmx 2011-03-03 09:21:13:958 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:13:960 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:14:083 924 ca8 Misc Validating signature for C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\WuRedir\7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D\muv4muredir.cab: 2011-03-03 09:21:14:085 924 ca8 Misc Microsoft signed: Yes 2011-03-03 09:21:14:087 924 ca8 PT +++++++++++ PT: Synchronizing extended update info +++++++++++ 2011-03-03 09:21:14:087 924 ca8 PT + ServiceId = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D}, Server URL = https://www.update.microsoft.com/v6/ClientWebService/client.asmx 2011-03-03 09:21:14:395 924 ca8 Agent * Added update {414642E2-5F20-4AD1-AA5A-773061238B5F}.101 to search result 2011-03-03 09:21:14:395 924 ca8 Agent * Added update {56D5FC3D-9AC8-44F1-A248-8C397A24D02F}.100 to search result 2011-03-03 09:21:14:395 924 ca8 Agent * Found 2 updates and 65 categories in search; evaluated appl. rules of 1324 out of 1832 deployed entities 2011-03-03 09:21:14:396 924 ca8 Agent ********* 2011-03-03 09:21:14:396 924 ca8 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2011-03-03 09:21:14:396 924 ca8 Agent ************* 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {8517376A-B8A3-488B-B4D4-67DFC75788C8}] 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU # 2 updates detected 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU ######### 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU ## END ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {8517376A-B8A3-488B-B4D4-67DFC75788C8}] 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU ############# 2011-03-03 09:21:14:404 924 ce0 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ############# 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ## START ## AU: Refresh featured updates info 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ######### 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU No featured updates available. 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ######### 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ## END ## AU: Refresh featured updates info 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU ############# 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU No featured updates notifications to show 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU AU setting next detection timeout to 2011-03-04 08:03:53 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2011-03-04 08:00:00 2011-03-03 09:21:14:405 924 ce0 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2011-03-03 09:21:14:406 924 ce0 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2011-03-03 09:21:14:407 924 db4 AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true 2011-03-03 09:21:14:408 924 db4 AU No featured updates available. 2011-03-03 09:21:19:396 924 ca8 Report REPORT EVENT: {633538B3-030E-4CAD-BE6B-33C6ED65AFF1} 2011-03-03 09:21:14:395-0500 1 147 101 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 AutomaticUpdates Success Software Synchronization Windows Update Client successfully detected 2 updates. 2011-03-03 09:21:19:396 924 ca8 Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000) i'm less interested in why the option to install Windows 7 SP1 is missing, and more interested in how to diagnose why the option to install Windows 7 SP1 is being hidden. The KB article says that SP1 will not be offered if your machine doesn't meet some secret special criteria. How can i discover what that secret criteria is? i presume it is logged somewhere. Nor am i particularly interested in a direct download link. i want to learn here. i want to be able to diagnose (i.e. in the future) why an update is not being offered. i'm a superuser here. Rather than others coming up with a checklist of things to try, i want to be able to come up with the checklist.

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  • Should one always know what an API is doing just by looking at the code?

    - by markmnl
    Recently I have been developing my own API and with that invested interest in API design I have been keenly interested how I can improve my API design. One aspect that has come up a couple times is (not by users of my API but in my observing discussion about the topic): one should know just by looking at the code calling the API what it is doing. For example see this discussion on GitHub for the discourse repo, it goes something like: foo.update_pinned(true, true); Just by looking at the code (without knowing the parameter names, documentation etc.) one cannot guess what it is going to do - what does the 2nd argument mean? The suggested improvement is to have something like: foo.pin() foo.unpin() foo.pin_globally() And that clears things up (the 2nd arg was whether to pin foo globally, I am guessing), and I agree in this case the later would certainly be an improvement. However I believe there can be instances where methods to set different but logically related state would be better exposed as one method call rather than separate ones, even though you would not know what it is doing just by looking at the code. (So you would have to resort to looking at the parameter names and documentation to find out - which personally I would always do no matter what if I am unfamiliar with an API). For example I expose one method SetVisibility(bool, string, bool) on a FalconPeer and I acknowledge just looking at the line: falconPeer.SetVisibility(true, "aerw3", true); You would have no idea what it is doing. It is setting 3 different values that control the "visibility" of the falconPeer in the logical sense: accept join requests, only with password and reply to discovery requests. Splitting this out into 3 method calls could lead to a user of the API to set one aspect of "visibility" forgetting to set others that I force them to think about by only exposing the one method to set all aspects of "visibility". Furthermore when the user wants to change one aspect they almost always will want to change another aspect and can now do so in one call.

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  • What is the evidence that an API has exceeded its orthogonality in the context of types?

    - by hawkeye
    Wikipedia defines software orthogonality as: orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. The term is most-frequently used regarding assembly instruction sets, as orthogonal instruction set. Jason Coffin has defined software orthogonality as Highly cohesive components that are loosely coupled to each other produce an orthogonal system. C.Ross has defined software orthogonality as: the property that means "Changing A does not change B". An example of an orthogonal system would be a radio, where changing the station does not change the volume and vice-versa. Now there is a hypothesis published in the the ACM Queue by Tim Bray - that some have called the Bánffy Bray Type System Criteria - which he summarises as: Static typings attractiveness is a direct function (and dynamic typings an inverse function) of API surface size. Dynamic typings attractiveness is a direct function (and static typings an inverse function) of unit testing workability. Now Stuart Halloway has reformulated Banfy Bray as: the more your APIs exceed orthogonality, the better you will like static typing My question is: What is the evidence that an API has exceeded its orthogonality in the context of types? Clarification Tim Bray introduces the idea of orthogonality and APIs. Where you have one API and it is mainly dealing with Strings (ie a web server serving requests and responses), then a uni-typed language (python, ruby) is 'aligned' to that API - because the the type system of these languages isn't sophisticated, but it doesn't matter since you're dealing with Strings anyway. He then moves on to Android programming, which has a whole bunch of sensor APIs, which are all 'different' to the web server API that he was working on previously. Because you're not just dealing with Strings, but with different types, the API is non-orthogonal. Tim's point is that there is a empirical relationship between your 'liking' of types and the API you're programming against. (ie a subjective point is actually objective depending on your context).

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  • Register for windows Upgrade Offer from Windows 7 to Windows 8

    - by BumbleBee
    I have to register for windows Upgrade Offer from here. I purchased Dell Inspiron 5520 laptop before 2 weeks and I got windows 7 Home Basic in it. But now I want to register for windows upgrade offer, When I filled up registration form and submit then it displayed that I am not eligible for this kind of offer. I don't know why this message is displaying although I bought laptop in between eligible time period. I think, I was filling wrong details in form. Because I am not sure about what to fill in Retailer's Name, Purchase Date and PC Model. And one thing is how to find right purchase Date from my product's Service Tag ? Which date I have to fill in form, Shipping Date OR Manufacture Date? Please Provide me a right direction to register and correct information regarding Retailer'Name and Purchase Date and PC Model.

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  • Announcing RSS feeds of Microsoft All-In-One Code Framework code samples

    - by Jialiang
    Today, we are not only announcing Sample Browser v2 CTP, but we are also excited to announce the availability of RSS feeds of All-In-One Code Framework code samples. By using these feeds, you can easily track and download the new code samples. English RSS feeds All code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/rss.xml ASP.NET code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/ASPNET.xml Silverlight code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Silverlight.xml Azure code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Azure.xml COM code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/COM.xml Data Platform code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Data%20Platform.xml Library code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Library.xml Office dev code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Office.xml VSX code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/VSX.xml Windows 7 code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%207.xml Windows Forms code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Forms.xml Windows General code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20General.xml Windows Service code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Service.xml Windows Shell code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20Shell.xml Windows UI code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/Windows%20UI.xml WPF code samples: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/en/WPF.xml ??RSS?? ??????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/rss.xml ASP.NET????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/ASPNET.xml Silverlight????:http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Silverlight.xml Azure ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Azure.xml COM ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/COM.xml Data Platform ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Data%20Platform.xml Library ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Library.xml Office dev ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Office.xml VSX ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/VSX.xml Windows 7 ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%207.xml Windows Forms ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Forms.xml Windows General ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20General.xml Windows Service ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Service.xml Windows Shell ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20Shell.xml Windows UI ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/Windows%20UI.xml WPF ????: http://support.microsoft.com/rss/zh-cn/codeplex/WPF.xml

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  • Prolific USB-to-Serial Comm Port significantly slower under Windows 7 comparing to Windows XP

    - by Dmitry S
    Not sure if this question should be asked here or on SuperUser but if we get an answer here it may be useful for others here I am using a Prolific USB-to-Serial adapter based on the Prolific chip to use with a device on serial port. I have the latest version of the driver installed: 1.3.0 (2010-7-15). When I use my device with this adapter on my main Windows 7 (32bit) system it takes 8-9 seconds to send a command through to the device. However, when I do the same thing on a different Windows XP system (an old laptop I borrowed for testing) it only takes 2-3 seconds. I have made sure that the port settings and other variables are the same between systems. I also tested on a third laptop (also running Windows 7) and again got a significant delay. So the question is if anyone else experienced the same problem and found a solution. I would like to avoid moving to an XP system for what I need to achieve so that's my last option. Thanks in advance.

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  • Use a Free Utility to Create Multiple Virtual Desktops in Windows

    - by Lori Kaufman
    If you’ve used Linux, you’re probably familiar with the virtual desktop feature. It provides a convenient way to organize programs and folders open on your desktop. You can switch among multiple desktops and have different programs and folders open on each one. However, virtual desktops is a feature missing in Windows. There are many third-party options for adding virtual desktops to Windows, including one called Dexpot, which we have covered previously. Dexpot is free, but only for private use. Companies, public institutions, non-profit organizations, and even freelancers and self-employed people must buy the program. We found another virtual desktop tool that is completely free for everyone to use, called mDesktop. It’s a lightweight, open source program that allows you to switch among multiple desktops using hot keys and specify open programs or folders to be active on all desktops. You can use mDesktop to group related programs or to work on different projects on separate desktops. mDesktop is portable and does not need to be installed. Simply extract the .zip file you downloaded (see the link at the end of this article) and double-click the mDesktop.exe file. How To Boot Your Android Phone or Tablet Into Safe Mode HTG Explains: Does Your Android Phone Need an Antivirus? How To Use USB Drives With the Nexus 7 and Other Android Devices

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  • How to Disable the Animations on the Windows 8 Start Screen

    - by Usman
    Who doesn’t love animations? They make everything look so cool. But in some cases, animations are a distraction, and the same is true for Windows 8′s start screen (the “Modern UI”). Fortunately, there’s a very simple way to disable all those animations. Keep reading to find out how it’s done. The animations are especially noticeable when you switch from the good ol’ peaceful desktop to the start screen by pressing the winkey. I don’t know about you, but it feels like I’m getting dizzy by watching all those crazy animations over and over again. People have found out ways to enhance the start screen animations, add delay to various elements and stuff like that. But we’re going the other way, disabling the animations completely. To do so, log in, and when the start screen appears, type “Computer” (it will pop up in the search results before you’ve even finished typing). Our Geek Trivia App for Windows 8 is Now Available Everywhere How To Boot Your Android Phone or Tablet Into Safe Mode HTG Explains: Does Your Android Phone Need an Antivirus?

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  • Determining Cost of API Calls

    - by Sam
    [This is a cross-post originally posted by me in SO. I think the question is more appropriate here.] I was going through the adwords API and came across their rate sheet - http://code.google.com/apis/adwords/docs/ratesheet.html . They charge $0.25 per 1000 API units and under the 'Operation Costs' sections list the cost (in API units) of different API calls. I am curious - based on what factors do they (and others API developers) calculate the cost of an API call? Is there any simple formula or a standard way to determine this? Note: When I say 'cost' of an API call, I don't mean the money but the API units. For example, how do you determine one API call costs 100 'units' and another 1000?

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  • What is the difference between Windows RT and Windows Phone 8?

    - by Rakib Ansary
    From what I have read it seems there are more or less three versions(?) of Windows 8: Windows 8, Windows RT, and Windows Phone 8. While the difference between Windows 8 and Windows RT is clear, I don't understand the difference between Windows RT and Windows Phone 8. The Android parallel, Jelly Bean that runs on Tablets and on Phones doesn't have any differences. Are there any differences between Windows RT and Windows Phone 8 except for the fact that one is for Tablets (Windows RT) and the other is for Phones (Windows Phone 8)?

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  • Passing multiple simple POST Values to ASP.NET Web API

    - by Rick Strahl
    A few weeks backs I posted a blog post  about what does and doesn't work with ASP.NET Web API when it comes to POSTing data to a Web API controller. One of the features that doesn't work out of the box - somewhat unexpectedly -  is the ability to map POST form variables to simple parameters of a Web API method. For example imagine you have this form and you want to post this data to a Web API end point like this via AJAX: <form> Name: <input type="name" name="name" value="Rick" /> Value: <input type="value" name="value" value="12" /> Entered: <input type="entered" name="entered" value="12/01/2011" /> <input type="button" id="btnSend" value="Send" /> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> $("#btnSend").click( function() { $.post("samples/PostMultipleSimpleValues?action=kazam", $("form").serialize(), function (result) { alert(result); }); }); </script> or you might do this more explicitly by creating a simple client map and specifying the POST values directly by hand:$.post("samples/PostMultipleSimpleValues?action=kazam", { name: "Rick", value: 1, entered: "12/01/2012" }, $("form").serialize(), function (result) { alert(result); }); On the wire this generates a simple POST request with Url Encoded values in the content:POST /AspNetWebApi/samples/PostMultipleSimpleValues?action=kazam HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:15.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.0.1 Accept: application/json Connection: keep-alive Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Referer: http://localhost/AspNetWebApi/FormPostTest.html Content-Length: 41 Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cachename=Rick&value=12&entered=12%2F10%2F2011 Seems simple enough, right? We are basically posting 3 form variables and 1 query string value to the server. Unfortunately Web API can't handle request out of the box. If I create a method like this:[HttpPost] public string PostMultipleSimpleValues(string name, int value, DateTime entered, string action = null) { return string.Format("Name: {0}, Value: {1}, Date: {2}, Action: {3}", name, value, entered, action); }You'll find that you get an HTTP 404 error and { "Message": "No HTTP resource was found that matches the request URI…"} Yes, it's possible to pass multiple POST parameters of course, but Web API expects you to use Model Binding for this - mapping the post parameters to a strongly typed .NET object, not to single parameters. Alternately you can also accept a FormDataCollection parameter on your API method to get a name value collection of all POSTed values. If you're using JSON only, using the dynamic JObject/JValue objects might also work. ModelBinding is fine in many use cases, but can quickly become overkill if you only need to pass a couple of simple parameters to many methods. Especially in applications with many, many AJAX callbacks the 'parameter mapping type' per method signature can lead to serious class pollution in a project very quickly. Simple POST variables are also commonly used in AJAX applications to pass data to the server, even in many complex public APIs. So this is not an uncommon use case, and - maybe more so a behavior that I would have expected Web API to support natively. The question "Why aren't my POST parameters mapping to Web API method parameters" is already a frequent one… So this is something that I think is fairly important, but unfortunately missing in the base Web API installation. Creating a Custom Parameter Binder Luckily Web API is greatly extensible and there's a way to create a custom Parameter Binding to provide this functionality! Although this solution took me a long while to find and then only with the help of some folks Microsoft (thanks Hong Mei!!!), it's not difficult to hook up in your own projects. It requires one small class and a GlobalConfiguration hookup. Web API parameter bindings allow you to intercept processing of individual parameters - they deal with mapping parameters to the signature as well as converting the parameters to the actual values that are returned. Here's the implementation of the SimplePostVariableParameterBinding class:public class SimplePostVariableParameterBinding : HttpParameterBinding { private const string MultipleBodyParameters = "MultipleBodyParameters"; public SimplePostVariableParameterBinding(HttpParameterDescriptor descriptor) : base(descriptor) { } /// <summary> /// Check for simple binding parameters in POST data. Bind POST /// data as well as query string data /// </summary> public override Task ExecuteBindingAsync(ModelMetadataProvider metadataProvider, HttpActionContext actionContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { // Body can only be read once, so read and cache it NameValueCollection col = TryReadBody(actionContext.Request); string stringValue = null; if (col != null) stringValue = col[Descriptor.ParameterName]; // try reading query string if we have no POST/PUT match if (stringValue == null) { var query = actionContext.Request.GetQueryNameValuePairs(); if (query != null) { var matches = query.Where(kv => kv.Key.ToLower() == Descriptor.ParameterName.ToLower()); if (matches.Count() > 0) stringValue = matches.First().Value; } } object value = StringToType(stringValue); // Set the binding result here SetValue(actionContext, value); // now, we can return a completed task with no result TaskCompletionSource<AsyncVoid> tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<AsyncVoid>(); tcs.SetResult(default(AsyncVoid)); return tcs.Task; } private object StringToType(string stringValue) { object value = null; if (stringValue == null) value = null; else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(string)) value = stringValue; else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(int)) value = int.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(Int32)) value = Int32.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(Int64)) value = Int64.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(decimal)) value = decimal.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(double)) value = double.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(DateTime)) value = DateTime.Parse(stringValue, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); else if (Descriptor.ParameterType == typeof(bool)) { value = false; if (stringValue == "true" || stringValue == "on" || stringValue == "1") value = true; } else value = stringValue; return value; } /// <summary> /// Read and cache the request body /// </summary> /// <param name="request"></param> /// <returns></returns> private NameValueCollection TryReadBody(HttpRequestMessage request) { object result = null; // try to read out of cache first if (!request.Properties.TryGetValue(MultipleBodyParameters, out result)) { // parsing the string like firstname=Hongmei&lastname=Ge result = request.Content.ReadAsFormDataAsync().Result; request.Properties.Add(MultipleBodyParameters, result); } return result as NameValueCollection; } private struct AsyncVoid { } }   The ExecuteBindingAsync method is fired for each parameter that is mapped and sent for conversion. This custom binding is fired only if the incoming parameter is a simple type (that gets defined later when I hook up the binding), so this binding never fires on complex types or if the first type is not a simple type. For the first parameter of a request the Binding first reads the request body into a NameValueCollection and caches that in the request.Properties collection. The request body can only be read once, so the first parameter request reads it and then caches it. Subsequent parameters then use the cached POST value collection. Once the form collection is available the value of the parameter is read, and the value is translated into the target type requested by the Descriptor. SetValue writes out the value to be mapped. Once you have the ParameterBinding in place, the binding has to be assigned. This is done along with all other Web API configuration tasks at application startup in global.asax's Application_Start:GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.ParameterBindingRules .Insert(0, (HttpParameterDescriptor descriptor) => { var supportedMethods = descriptor.ActionDescriptor.SupportedHttpMethods; // Only apply this binder on POST and PUT operations if (supportedMethods.Contains(HttpMethod.Post) || supportedMethods.Contains(HttpMethod.Put)) { var supportedTypes = new Type[] { typeof(string), typeof(int), typeof(decimal), typeof(double), typeof(bool), typeof(DateTime) }; if (supportedTypes.Where(typ => typ == descriptor.ParameterType).Count() > 0) return new SimplePostVariableParameterBinding(descriptor); } // let the default bindings do their work return null; });   The ParameterBindingRules.Insert method takes a delegate that checks which type of requests it should handle. The logic here checks whether the request is POST or PUT and whether the parameter type is a simple type that is supported. Web API calls this delegate once for each method signature it tries to map and the delegate returns null to indicate it's not handling this parameter, or it returns a new parameter binding instance - in this case the SimplePostVariableParameterBinding. Once the parameter binding and this hook up code is in place, you can now pass simple POST values to methods with simple parameters. The examples I showed above should now work in addition to the standard bindings. Summary Clearly this is not easy to discover. I spent quite a bit of time digging through the Web API source trying to figure this out on my own without much luck. It took Hong Mei at Micrsoft to provide a base example as I asked around so I can't take credit for this solution :-). But once you know where to look, Web API is brilliantly extensible to make it relatively easy to customize the parameter behavior. I'm very stoked that this got resolved  - in the last two months I've had two customers with projects that decided not to use Web API in AJAX heavy SPA applications because this POST variable mapping wasn't available. This might actually change their mind to still switch back and take advantage of the many great features in Web API. I too frequently use plain POST variables for communicating with server AJAX handlers and while I could have worked around this (with untyped JObject or the Form collection mostly), having proper POST to parameter mapping makes things much easier. I said this in my last post on POST data and say it again here: I think POST to method parameter mapping should have been shipped in the box with Web API, because without knowing about this limitation the expectation is that simple POST variables map to parameters just like query string values do. I hope Microsoft considers including this type of functionality natively in the next version of Web API natively or at least as a built-in HttpParameterBinding that can be just added. This is especially true, since this binding doesn't affect existing bindings. Resources SimplePostVariableParameterBinding Source on GitHub Global.asax hookup source Mapping URL Encoded Post Values in  ASP.NET Web API© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api  AJAX   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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