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• Tracking the linux config with git: how?

  - by Pierre

  I'd like to track my linux configurations with git. My idea is to have a branch for each server. /etc is not the only one directory to be tracked (I won't git init in '/etc' ) As far as I could see, it is possible to init a git for a distant directory. I tried this: # mkdir -p /git/.git # cd /git # git --work-tree=/ --git-dir=/git/.git init Initialized empty Git repository in /git/.git/ 1) Creating a new branch before everything is not possible # git branch server1 fatal: Not a valid object name: 'HEAD'. 2) adding a file in master/HEAD is not possible # touch README.md # git add README.md fatal: Unable to create '//.git/index.lock': No such file or directory how should I properly setup git to track my system-config ? Thanks. P.

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• Install Linux with two hard drives

  - by rdecourt

  I've a machine with two hard drives. The first one has 80 GB and the second has 120 GB. I'm about to format this machine and install Linux, and I want to install all the main partitions (/, /boot, /usr/, etc.) on the first hard disk drive (sda) and mount the /home and /var partition on second disk (sdb). Is this possible, and do I have to do something after the instalation? Or is the second hard disk drive automatically mounted? How can I do it? I won't do it, but is there any problem to mount /boot on the second hard disk drive? I'm using Ubuntu 12.04.

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• Best window manager for Linux for Virtual Desktop / Multimon

  - by mattcodes

  Previous used Ubuntu Gnome with Compiz but for my basic spec intel macbook (4 years old) its a little too heavyweight. So for now Im back on my macbook with os x, but now considering going back to Linux. Im looking for a window manager that has the following properties: 1) Supports virtual desktop (need 4 minimum) 2) Works well with multi monitors - can move an app with shortcut from one monitor to the other (on same virtual desktop) 3) Can remember window position (i.e. open vim on 2 monitor) - however must coerce everything back to first window when 2nd screen is unplugged 4) Keyboard shortcut friendly 5) Not too hard to install 6) Works well with minimum hardware such as integrated graphics Please suggest and share your experiences

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• Making audio CDs en mass - Linux based solutions?

  - by The Journeyman geek

  My mom's sings and gives away cds to people. Invariably it falls to me to have to burn cds for her, and burning 50-100 cds on a single drive is a pain. I DO have a handful of cd burners and a slightly geriatric old PIII 450. This is what i want to be able to do - either point an application at a folder of WAV or MP3s, say how many copies i need on CLI (since then i can SSH into the system and use it headless) feed 2 or more CD burners cds until its done, OR pop in a single CD into a master drive and have its contents duplicated to 2 or more burners. I'd rather have it running on linux, be command line based, and be as little work as possible - almost automatic short of telling it how many copies i want would be ideal. I'm sure i'll have people wondering about legality - My mom sings her own music, and its classical, and older than copyright law, so, that's a non issue. I just want a way to make this chore a little easier, short of telling my mom to do it herself.

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• Linux program unable to access files in group

  - by user1064665

  I'm having trouble configuring things on linux so that a program can access certain files. Let's call it pgm A. It has uid uA and gid gA. In addition, uid uA is listed in /etc/group as a member of group gX. The problem is that pgm A cannot access files for which the uid is root and the gid is gX, but only when pgm A is called from another program, pgm B, which also runs as user uA. If I su as user uA and run pgm A from bash, it has no problem accessing files in group gX. But if another program, pgm B, which also runs as user uA, forks and execs pgm A, pgm A cannot access the files. I've verified that pgm A is indeed running as user uA, group gA, when launched from pgm B. So, if uA is a member of group gX, why can't the program access files which are readable by group gX? It's as if the operating system is ignoring the fact that user uA is also in group gX.

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• Ping6 fail on linux

  - by michelemarcon

  I have 2 linux box configured with IPv4. I have tried adding IPv6 to them. I have issued this commands on box1: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 dev eth0 And I get this: inet6 addr: fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1/48 Scope:Global Then I have issued this command on box2: ip -6 addr add fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1/48 dev eth0 Back on box1 (command/response): ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c1::1 is alive! ping6 fd32:2d7f:f3c2::1 ping6: sendto: Network is unreachable Why doesn't box1 ping box2 (of course, also box2 can't ping box1)?

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• Best network tuning variables for a Linux proxy

  - by smarthall

  What are the best settings to tune so that Linux can handle a very large amount of TCP connections such as would be seen by a proxy server or a webserver? I'm using Centos6 and squid and am seeing a large amount of TIME_WAIT connections backing up until finally the machine stops responding. The machine isn't loaded at the time, and is having trouble making ingoing and outgoing connections. I've had several suggestions of tuning /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse and /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse but they mention bad interactions with load balancers and NAT both of which are used in my situation.

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• How to compare differences between directories (linux)

  - by Phil

  I have two directories - one from earlier backup and second from newest backup. How do i compare what changes were made to files in directory from newest backup on Linux? Also how do i display changes in for example text and php files - i'm thinking about something like revision history on wikipedia where you see old version on one side of the screen and newest version on other and changes are highlighted. How do i achieve something like that? edit: How do i also compare remote dir with local?

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• configuring linux server firewall to allow acces on a certain range of IP addresses

  - by eggman20

  Hi Guys, I'm new to linux server. I'm currently trying to get an Ubuntu 10.10 server up and running for the first time and I'm using Webmin for administration. I'm stuck on the setting up the firewall. What I need to do is to ONLY allow a range of IPs (e.g 128.171.21.1 - 128.171.21.100) to access the HTTP server and Webmin. I've seen a lot of tutorials but none of them fits what I needed. Thanks in advance!

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• Most secure way to have IPtables auto-loaded using Debian / Linux

  - by networkIT

  I'd like to know the safest way to load iptables using Debian. Of course, I can use a script that uses iptables-restore : #!/bin/sh iptables-restore < /etc/firewall.conf but : 1) where is the safest place to have it loaded ? /etc/network/if-up.d ? I'm concerned about the script being loaded early enough at boot time, and reliably enough when plugging/unplugging interfaces ... 2) is this script method using iptables-restore the most secure way ? 3) additionnally, how much does the answer validity stretch to other Linux distros ( Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS ) ? Thanks ^^

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• Why Java applicaiton is running slow for clients on Linux

  - by Darshani

  We have two linux servers which have Apache Tomcat Installed. One is running the Database, the other is running with Java application. More than 100 users are connected to the servers. Server machines are quad core normal PC's which have 4 GB memory. It was running properly for the last 6 months but the application has recently started to run slowly . Suddenly the Java application is getting stuck & users cannot work for some time. There is no network issue. I am trying to identify the reason for this, whether it is a machine problem or the problem is in the Java application. Can any body help me with this?

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• Accessing subfolders of a windows share from linux

  - by Born2Smile

  Hi, at my work they have a funny setup: my home folder is a subfolder to a share, as such: \\server\share\subfolder Now I have full permissions to the subfolder, but no permissions to share. From windows I can connect to the VPN of my work place, type the above address into any address field, and voila: I see the contents of my home folder. In Linux (using Ubuntu) however, I can't figure out how to connect directly to the subfolder. Every attempt I can think of keeps returning "Access denied", because I don't have permission to view the share. Any help on how to connect to the subfolder would be greatly appreciated :) Cheers, Born2Smile

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• Lightweight window manager for Linux for Virtual Desktop / Multimon

  - by mattcodes

  Previous used Ubuntu Gnome with Compiz but for my basic spec intel macbook (4 years old) its a little too heavyweight. So for now Im back on my macbook with os x, but now considering going back to Linux. Im looking for a window manager that has the following properties: Supports virtual desktop (need 4 minimum) Works well with multi monitors - can move an app with shortcut from one monitor to the other (on same virtual desktop) Can remember window position (i.e. open vim on 2 monitor) - however must coerce everything back to first screen when 2nd screen is unplugged Keyboard shortcut friendly Not too hard to install Works well with minimum hardware such as integrated graphics Please suggest and share your experiences

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• Firefox hangs with java in Linux

  - by Xolve

  I am using Firefox 3.6 on Linux and I haveJava 6 update 15. Obviously I am using the newer plugin type. Whenever I open a page with Java applet it just becoms unresponsive and hangs. I tried with Chrome. I think it detects the Java plugin from mozilla's plugins folder. Due to multiprocess architecture it doesn't hang and shows the initial applet loading window but then it reports that the plugin has crashed. The only way I can run Java applets is to download the class file and make an html file and run the applet using applet viewer.

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• Linux File Permissions & Access Control Query

  - by Jason

  Hi, Lets say I am user: bob & group: users. There is this file: -rw----r-- 1 root users 4 May 8 22:34 testfile First question, why can't bob read the file as it's readable by others? Is it simply that if you are denied by group, then you are auto-blacklisted for others? I always assumed that the final 3 bits too precedence over user/group permission bits, guess I was wrong... Second question, how is this implemented? I suppose it's linked to the first query, but how does this work in relation to Access Control, is it related to how ACLs work / are queried? Just trying to understand how these 9 permission bits are actually implemented/used in Linux. Thanks alot.

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• One way sync with either Dropbox or Google drive on linux and windows

  - by sup

  I could not google this one. I would like to use Dropbox or Google drive only as backup, so I would like to ensure I only upload to those services and never download (unless done manually via the web interface). There would be several of us uploading stuff to one account, so we would need to ensure we don't accidentaly delete something on another guy's machine by doing some changes on our local machine. Is there a simple way to do this automatically - i.e. by running a daemon that will upload eveyuthing in a given folder but never download anything? I am on linux, so that complicates things a bit, but I am also interested in windows solutions.

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• Directory "Bookmarking" in Linux

  - by Jason R. Mick

  Aside from aliasing and links, is there an easy way in Linux to tag commonly used directories and to navigate to a commonly used directory from the terminal. To be clear the disadvantages I see with alternative approaches, and why I want a bookmark/favorites like system: alias Cons: Too specific (every new favorite requires a new alias...although you could in theory make an alias that echo append your dir as a new alias, which would be sort of clever). Can't nest favorites in folders (can't think of a simple solution to this outside of heavy config scripting). links Cons: Clutter directory make ls a headache. pushd/popd Cons: Non-permanent (without shell config file scripting), can't nest favorites in directories, etc. Granted I have multiple ideas for making my own non-standard solution, but before I have at it I wanted to get some perspective on what's out there and if there is nothing, what is a recommended approach. Does anyone know of such a favorites/bookmark-like terminal solution?

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• Setting up linux server with multiple access rights

  - by Mark

  I am a graduate student and want to set up a linux server (preferably Ubuntu) in my office. I also want to give my friends SSH access to that box. My question is can I set up my server such that I can give one of my friends rights to install software on my machine but he cannot brows around outside the directory he is allowed to? Can I set up multiple apache instances (on different ports) for different people? so each has access to their own apache instance?

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• VirtualBox: Grub sees hard drive, Linux does not

  - by thabubble

  I installed Linux on my second hard drive. I can boot to it just fine. But when I try to boot it from a Windows 7 host using http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#rawdisk, grub sees it and can load vmlinuz and initramfs. Log: :: running early hook [udev] :: running hook [udev] :: Triggering uevents... :: running hook [plymouth] :: Loading plymouth...done. ... Waiting 10 seconds for device /dev/disk/by-uuid/{root UUID} ... ERROR: device 'UUID={root UUID}' not found. Skipping fsck. ERROR: Unable to find root device 'UUID={root UUID}' It then drops me into a recovery shell. I checked "/etc/fstab" and it's empty, there are also no sd* devices in dev, the only thing in /dev/disk/by-id is a VBox CD device. I'm not too good with these kinds of things so help would be greatly appriciated.

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• Learn Linux Command Line for Web Server Management [closed]

  - by Jonathan

  I've searched high and low for a good resource for learning the Linux command line. I've found a handful of separate resources, but none that really can assist in web server management. I'm currently learning through trial an error with 'man' pages, along with Google. I was just wondering if anyone had a solid resource that they used to learn, and would be willing to share it with me. Thanks so much for your time, I really appreciate it! EDIT: I have a few CentOS servers at current, and I know the basics, I'm just trying to get to a more advanced level.

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• Linux USB to work as cd rom on mac

  - by user157483

  I am working in driver development in linux USB modules. I have written driver for usb and it is working as cd rom in windows machine 1)I made first partation as fat32 "modprobe g_hidmass file=/dev/mmcblk0p1 cdrom=1 stall=0 removable=1" this works fine in windows 2)I made first partation as hfs partation "modprobe g_hidmass file=/dev/mmcblk0p1 cdrom=1 stall=0 removable=1" but same thing i applied with hfs partation in MAC it is getting error like this "The disk you inserted was not readable by this computer" in diskutil it is shown as CD-rom but not reading the file system. frame like this Please help me how can I overcome this error...

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• Disabling mouse acceleration in X.Org (Linux)

  - by aib

  This is the Linux version of my Disabling mouse acceleration in Mac OS X question. Hopefully I'll get an answer this time. I am tired of mouse acceleration and want to have a completely linear mouse response. This is easily achievable through any of the 5 or so methods (some subtly implied) on the X.Org wiki page on pointer acceleration. However, they also disable velocity scaling. I don't want a 1:1 mapping between device and screen coordinates. I want a 1:N mapping where N is a constant. Any ideas?

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• How to cleanup tmp folder safely on Linux

  - by Syncopated

  I use RAM for my tmpfs /tmp, 2GB, to be exact. Normally, this is enough but sometimes, processes create files in there and fail to cleanup after themselves. This can happen if they crash. I need to delete these orphaned tmp files or else future process will run out of space on /tmp. How can I safely garbage collect /tmp? Some people do it by checking last modification timestamp, but this approach is unsafe because there can be long-running processes that still need those files. A safer approach is to combine the last modification timestamp condition with the condition that no process has a file handle for the file. Is there a program/script/etc that embodies this approach or some other approach that is also safe? Incidentally, does Linux/Unix allow a mode of file opening with creation wherein the created file is deleted when the creating process terminates, even if it's from a crash?

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• Linux freezes every few seconds

  - by Zeppomedio

  We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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• How are Linux files and applications organized?

  - by doup

  Hi there, I'm a newbie Linux (Ubuntu) user and I'll like to know if someone can give some advices of where to install stuff, which folders don't touch, which is the meaning of each folder and so on. My first concern is, should everything go into my home folder? I've installed "manually" Komodo Edit (it's an IDE) and it has gone to my home folder, I really don't like the idea of having an application there. (in windows I used to have my workfiles/pictures/downloads... partition and then the OS partition with all the apps). So, is there any place where I could install this software? Any advice for having my home folder ordered? Maybe I should create an apps folder in my home dir? Thanks in advance. :) pd: most of the time I use apt to install stuff, but I don't always found the software I want there...

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