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  • Clicking sound on MacBook Pro 13" 2010 model when turning the laptop on it's horizontal axis

    - by roosteronacid
    When I leave my MacBook Pro 13" level for a minute or two (sometimes I only need to keep it level for a few seconds), and then pick it up and turn it on it's horizontal axis, I hear a single click, coming from either the hard drive or the Super Drive. Is the click I am hearing some sort of locking mechanism in the hard drive? Or in the Super Drive?.. And therefore nothing to worry about. Or is either my Super Drive or hard drive faulty?

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  • MacBook Pro 13 (mid 2010 model) - External Display Low Resolution

    - by Unknown
    I am trying to connect my ASUS VH242H (1920x1020), with my Macbook Pro. The laptop has a 320m nvidia and it should be more than enough to support an external display. I had my old laptop connected, (with a 9600mgt) and it worked fine.I am not mirroring the display I just want an extension ( if possible only the external display diplaying). Why is the external display is showing only the lower (1378x768) resolution? I am using this adapter: http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B002WUVAVE/ref=oh_details_o00_s00_i00 Any help please?

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  • Reimage several of the same model PC by copying the hard disk

    - by Tim Lehner
    I have several of the same machine (Dell Precision T3500) that originally came with Windows 7 Pro (there is a Windows 7 Pro OA product key sticker on top of each one). These were initially downgraded to XP by a former IT colleague, but are now back in the pool of unused machines. I am looking to format and install Windows 7 Pro on one of them using the latest official Win7 installer ISO with SP1 and then clone the hard drive to the other machines. The questions then, are: Does this even make sense, or is there a better way to do this considering I'm only doing it to 6 machines? Does this jive with MS licensing (we are the original purchaser of the machines, and thus, presumably, the license holder...but I'm no expert)? Is it possible to apply the individual 25-char product keys to the cloned machines after cloning? How far can I go in the config process (installing corporate standard apps and such) before I have to clone to the other machines considering the licensing/key questions?

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  • linksys pap2t latest model

    - by JPro
    Hi guys, can anyone please tell me what is the latest version of linksys pap2t/pap2-na and does this work with any provider? I want to be able to use SIPGATE. Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • i7 Windows 7 laptop or Macbook Pro 15" (For making 3D model and Animation)

    - by sppdhs
    Hi everyone, I'm thinking of buying a new laptop as my current one will be 5 years old next year and it currently gives me a blue screen everytime I run a heavy software to make 3D models and animation. Question is: Should I buy Macbook Pro or a Windows 7 laptop? I tried to research and some say that Windows would be better, especially because you can buy a very high spec laptop with cheaper price. While some other say Macbook Pro is the better choice as it can run bootcamp with windows 7 100% performance on every software even though it's a mac. Is this true? Which one is actually better? Btw, the software that I usually use is 3Ds Max, Maya, and ZBrush. To note as well, I have never used a Mac before. I've checked around some stores and budget wise, I'll need around AU$3000+ to buy a Macbook pro, and AU$2000+ to buy a windows laptop. Quite a big difference in price range. Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Late Model 2011 Macbook Pro with SSD appears to be off somehow

    - by chris
    Ok, I just got a SSD for my Macbook Pro Late-2011. The specs from what I read are that the laptop is capable of 6gbps, so I got myself a OZC Agility 240gb 6gbps SSD. Decided to join the club and speed test it with Blackmagic Disk Speed Test.. and the results are equivilent to that of a 3gbps setup. So.. I am wondering overall is there a configuration setting somewhere I can tweak? The original HD was a 500gb HDD the spinning kind. So I'm figuring maybe thats why there may be a setting somewhere hidden I dunno about that I can tweak, just wanna see if anyone else knows if this is the case. edit should also mention did a fresh factory install, nothing carried over from original hd

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  • Reset disk does not work for different model of computer

    - by dato
    I've created a reset USB disk on my HP computer, with Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit, and it works fine. However, it does not work for Acer computers (notebooks too), so what is the problem here? I've have created it for the same user named user, and the password is exactly the same as well. Is it possible to show the language bar with a keyboard shortcut at the logon screen in Windows 7? I know I can do it through Control Panel, but I can't log into the system. When I click Reset Passwword, it shows me my USB flash drive and says that the password hint is on this USB drive. Then I click Next and type the new passwword, then confirm this new password, but an error dialog is shown. It says that an error occured when trying to change the password for this user-

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  • Problem implementing Blinn–Phong shading model

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I did this very simple, perfectly working, implementation of Phong Relflection Model (There is no ambience implemented yet, but that doesn't bother me for now). The functions should be self explaining. /** * Implements the classic Phong illumination Model using a reflected light * vector. */ public class PhongIllumination implements IlluminationModel { @RGBParam(r = 0, g = 0, b = 0) public Vec3 ambient; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 diffuse; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 specular; @FloatParam(value = 20, min = 1, max = 200.0f) public float shininess; /* * Calculate the intensity of light reflected to the viewer . * * @param P = The surface position expressed in world coordinates. * * @param V = Normalized viewing vector from surface to eye in world * coordinates. * * @param N = Normalized normal vector at surface point in world * coordinates. * * @param surfaceColor = surfaceColor Color of the surface at the current * position. * * @param lights = The active light sources in the scene. * * @return Reflected light intensity I. */ public Vec3 shade(Vec3 P, Vec3 V, Vec3 N, Vec3 surfaceColor, Light lights[]) { Vec3 surfaceColordiffused = Vec3.mul(surfaceColor, diffuse); Vec3 totalintensity = new Vec3(0, 0, 0); for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) { Vec3 L = lights[i].calcDirection(P); N = N.normalize(); V = V.normalize(); Vec3 R = Vec3.reflect(L, N); // reflection vector float diffuseLight = Vec3.dot(N, L); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(V, R); if (diffuseLight > 0) { totalintensity = Vec3.add(Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul( surfaceColordiffused, lights[i].calcIntensity(P)), diffuseLight), totalintensity); if (specularLight > 0) { Vec3 Il = lights[i].calcIntensity(P); Vec3 Ilincident = Vec3.mul(Il, Math.max(0.0f, Vec3 .dot(N, L))); Vec3 intensity = Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul(specular, Ilincident), (float) Math.pow(specularLight, shininess)); totalintensity = Vec3.add(totalintensity, intensity); } } } return totalintensity; } } Now i need to adapt it to become a Blinn-Phong illumination model I used the formulas from hearn and baker, followed pseudocodes and tried to implement it multiple times according to wikipedia articles in several languages but it never worked. I just get no specular reflections or they are so weak and/or are at the wrong place and/or have the wrong color. From the numerous wrong implementations I post some little code that already seems to be wrong. So I calculate my Half Way vector and my new specular light like so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(H, N); With theese little changes it should already work (maby not with correct intensity but basically it should be correct). But the result is wrong. Here are two images. Left how it should render correctly and right how it renders. If i lower the shininess factor you can see a little specular light at the top right: Altough I understand the concept of Phong illumination and also the simplified more performant adaptaion of blinn phong I am trying around for days and just cant get it to work. Any help is appriciated. Edit: I was made aware of an error by this answer, that i am mutiplying by |L+V| instead of dividing by it when calculating H. I changed to deviding doing so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), 1/Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); Unfortunately this doesnt change much. The results look like this: and if I rise the specular constant and lower the shininess You can see the effects more clearly in a smilar wrong way: However this division just the normalisation. I think I am missing one step. Because the formulas like this just dont make sense to me. If you look at this picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blinn-Phong_vectors.svg The projection of H to N is far less than V to R. And if you imagine changing the vector V in the picture the angle is the same when the viewing vector is "on the left side". and becomes more and more different when going to the right. I pesonally would multiply the whole projection by two to become something similiar (and the hole point is to avoid the calculation of R). Altough I didnt read anythinga bout that anywehre i am gonna try this out... Result: The intension of the specular light is far too much (white areas) and the position is still wrong. I think I am messing something else up because teh reflection are just at the wrong place. But what? Edit: Now I read on wikipedia in the notes that the angle of N/H is in fact approximalty half or V/R. To compensate that i should multiply my shineness exponent by 4 rather than my projection. If i do that I end up with this: Far to intense but still one thing. The projection is at the wrong place. Where could i mess up my vectors?

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  • Saving a Join Model

    - by Thorpe Obazee
    I've been reading the cookbook for a while now and still don't get how I'm supposed to do this: My original problem was this: A related Model isn't being validated From RabidFire's commment: If you want to count the number of Category models that a new Post is associated with (on save), then you need to do this in the beforeSave function as I've mentioned. As you've currently set up your models, you don't need to use the multiple rule anywhere. If you really, really want to validate against a list of Category IDs for some reason, then create a join model, and validate category_id with the multiple rule there. Now, I have these models and are now validating. The problem now is that data isn't being saved in the Join Table: class Post extends AppModel { var $name = 'Post'; var $hasMany = array( 'CategoryPost' => array( 'className' => 'CategoryPost' ) ); var $belongsTo = array( 'Page' => array( 'className' => 'Page' ) ); class Category extends AppModel { var $name = 'Category'; var $hasMany = array( 'CategoryPost' => array( 'className' => 'CategoryPost' ) ); class CategoryPost extends AppModel { var $name = 'CategoryPost'; var $validate = array( 'category_id' => array( 'rule' => array('multiple', array('in' => array(1, 2, 3, 4))), 'required' => FALSE, 'message' => 'Please select one, two or three options' ) ); var $belongsTo = array( 'Post' => array( 'className' => 'Post' ), 'Category' => array( 'className' => 'Category' ) ); This is the new Form: <div id="content-wrap"> <div id="main"> <h2>Add Post</h2> <?php echo $this->Session->flash();?> <div> <?php echo $this->Form->create('Post'); echo $this->Form->input('Post.title'); echo $this->Form->input('CategoryPost.category_id', array('multiple' => 'checkbox')); echo $this->Form->input('Post.body', array('rows' => '3')); echo $this->Form->input('Page.meta_keywords'); echo $this->Form->input('Page.meta_description'); echo $this->Form->end('Save Post'); ?> </div> <!-- main ends --> </div> The data I am producing from the form is as follows: Array ( [Post] => Array ( [title] => 1234 [body] => 1234 ) [CategoryPost] => Array ( [category_id] => Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 ) ) [Page] => Array ( [meta_keywords] => 1234 [meta_description] => 1234 [title] => 1234 [layout] => index ) ) UPDATE: controller action //Controller action function admin_add() { // pr(Debugger::trace()); $this->set('categories', $this->Post->CategoryPost->Category->find('list')); if ( ! empty($this->data)) { $this->data['Page']['title'] = $this->data['Post']['title']; $this->data['Page']['layout'] = 'index'; debug($this->data); if ($this->Post->saveAll($this->data)) { $this->Session->setFlash('Your post has been saved', 'flash_good'); $this->redirect($this->here); } } } UPDATE #2: Should I just do this manually? The problem is that the join tables doesn't have things saved in it. Is there something I'm missing? UPDATE #3 RabidFire gave me a solution. I already did this before and am quite surprised as so why it didn't work. Thus, me asking here. The reason I think there is something wrong. I don't know where: Post beforeSave: function beforeSave() { if (empty($this->id)) { $this->data[$this->name]['uri'] = $this->getUniqueUrl($this->data[$this->name]['title']); } if (isset($this->data['CategoryPost']['category_id']) && is_array($this->data['CategoryPost']['category_id'])) { echo 'test'; $categoryPosts = array(); foreach ($this->data['CategoryPost']['category_id'] as $categoryId) { $categoryPost = array( 'category_id' => $categoryId ); array_push($categoryPosts, $categoryPost); } $this->data['CategoryPost'] = $categoryPosts; } debug($this->data); // Gives RabidFire's correct array for saving. return true; } My Post action: function admin_add() { // pr(Debugger::trace()); $this->set('categories', $this->Post->CategoryPost->Category->find('list')); if ( ! empty($this->data)) { $this->data['Page']['title'] = $this->data['Post']['title']; $this->data['Page']['layout'] = 'index'; debug($this->data); // First debug is giving the correct array as above. if ($this->Post->saveAll($this->data)) { debug($this->data); // STILL gives the above array. which shouldn't be because of the beforeSave in the Post Model // $this->Session->setFlash('Your post has been saved', 'flash_good'); // $this->redirect($this->here); } } }

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  • .NET 3.5SP1 64-bit memory model vs. 32-bit memory model

    - by James Dunne
    As I understand it, the .NET memory model on a 32-bit machine guarantees 32-bit word writes and reads to be atomic operations but does not provide this guarantee on 64-bit words. I have written a quick tool to demonstrate this effect on a Windows XP 32-bit OS and am getting results consistent with that memory model description. However, I have taken this same tool's executable and run it on a Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit OS and am getting wildly different results. Both the machines are identical specs just with different OSes installed. I would have expected that the .NET memory model would guarantee writes and reads to BOTH 32-bit and 64-bit words to be atomic on a 64-bit OS. I find results completely contrary to BOTH assumptions. 32-bit reads and writes are not demonstrated to be atomic on this OS. Can someone explain to me why this fails on a 64-bit OS? Tool code: using System; using System.Threading; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)); var th2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)); int lastRecordedInt = 0; long lastRecordedLong = 0L; th.Start(); th2.Start(); while (!done) { int newIntValue = intValue; long newLongValue = longValue; if (lastRecordedInt > newIntValue) Console.WriteLine("BING(int)! {0} > {1}, {2}", lastRecordedInt, newIntValue, (lastRecordedInt - newIntValue)); if (lastRecordedLong > newLongValue) Console.WriteLine("BING(long)! {0} > {1}, {2}", lastRecordedLong, newLongValue, (lastRecordedLong - newLongValue)); lastRecordedInt = newIntValue; lastRecordedLong = newLongValue; } th.Join(); th2.Join(); Console.WriteLine("{0} =? {2}, {1} =? {3}", intValue, longValue, Int32.MaxValue / 2, (long)Int32.MaxValue + (Int32.MaxValue / 2)); } private static long longValue = Int32.MaxValue; private static int intValue; private static bool done = false; static void RunThread() { for (int i = 0; i < Int32.MaxValue / 4; ++i) { ++longValue; ++intValue; } done = true; } } } Results on Windows XP 32-bit: Windows XP 32-bit Intel Core2 Duo P8700 @ 2.53GHz BING(long)! 2161093208 > 2161092246, 962 BING(long)! 2162448397 > 2161273312, 1175085 BING(long)! 2270110050 > 2270109040, 1010 BING(long)! 2270115061 > 2270110059, 5002 BING(long)! 2558052223 > 2557528157, 524066 BING(long)! 2571660540 > 2571659563, 977 BING(long)! 2646433569 > 2646432557, 1012 BING(long)! 2660841714 > 2660840732, 982 BING(long)! 2661795522 > 2660841715, 953807 BING(long)! 2712855281 > 2712854239, 1042 BING(long)! 2737627472 > 2735210929, 2416543 1025780885 =? 1073741823, 3168207035 =? 3221225470 Notice how BING(int) is never written and demonstrates that 32-bit reads/writes are atomic on this 32-bit OS. Results on Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit: Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit Intel Core2 Duo P8700 @ 2.53GHz BING(long)! 2208482159 > 2208121217, 360942 BING(int)! 280292777 > 279704627, 588150 BING(int)! 308158865 > 308131694, 27171 BING(long)! 2549116628 > 2548884894, 231734 BING(int)! 534815527 > 534708027, 107500 BING(int)! 545113548 > 544270063, 843485 BING(long)! 2710030799 > 2709941968, 88831 BING(int)! 668662394 > 667539649, 1122745 1006355562 =? 1073741823, 3154727581 =? 3221225470 Notice that BING(long) AND BING(int) are both displayed! Why are the 32-bit operations failing, let alone the 64-bit ones?

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  • How to Best Optimize up Model Transforms, Import 3DS Animations Into XNA 4.0?

    - by Jason R. Mick
    Relative beginner to XNA, but trying to build a multi-purpose (3D) game frameworking in XNA 4. Been using the Reed (O'Reilly) and Cawood/McGee (McGraw Hill) guides. My question is multi-faceted and involves how to most efficiently handle models. I'm using 3DS Max 2010 with kw-Xport to ship out my models as .X files. Solved an early problem by using my depth stencil state. My models are now loading properly (yay!) and I have basic bounding working, I just want to optimize transforming models and get animations working as a next step. My questions on models are: 1. Do you have any suggestions for good resources on exporting 3DS animations to XNA? I've seen some resources on how to handle animations in XNA, but most skimp on basic topics of how to convert multi-animation 3DS files. For example how do I take one big long string of keyframed animations (say running, frame 5-20, climbing frames 25-45, etc.) and turned them into named XNA animations. To my understanding every XNA animation has to have a name, but I haven't seen any tutorials on creating a new named animation from a subset of frames. 2. Is it faster to load a model once and animate/transform that base model on the fly @ draw time, or to load multiple models? My game will have multiple enemies, and I've already seen some lagginess in XNA, so II want to make my code efficient... 3. I've heard people on app hub talking about making custom content processors for models-- what is the benefit of this? Does it speed up transforming or animating the models? If so, can you point me towards any good (model-centric) tutorials? (I've built a custom height map content processor to generate terrain, following Cawood's examples, I'm just a bit confused as to how a model content processor would be implemented.)

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  • Where is it permissible to add logging code in a MVC model?

    - by BDotA
    Working on a C# WinForms program that is written in a MVC ( actually Model-View-Presenter) style and I want to add a few lines of code that is responsible for logging some events. Where should I write two or three lines of code that I need? Should I write it in the Presenter section? To get an idea, here is some lines of sample code that already exists in the Save() metohd in Company.MyApplication.Presenter.MyPresenter.cs class: he has written codes lie the following in this part of presenter: private void Save(Helper.SaveStatusEnum status) { if (notification.CheckLocks(orderIdCollection)) { using (new HourglassController()) { controller.FireActiveCellLeaving(); ViewDocumentedValues(); int result = saveController.Save(status); if (result == Helper.SAVE_SUCCESSFUL) { // IS IT OK TO WRITE MY COUPLE LINES OF CODE IN HERE??????????? model.Dirty = false; if ((model.CurrentStatus == Helper.OrderStatusEnum.Complete) || (model.CurrentStatus == Helper.OrderStatusEnum.Corrected)) { controller.EnableDisableSheet(false); } CheckApplicationState(); SheetHelper.ClearUnsavedDataRowImage(view.ActiveSheet); } else { MessageBox.Show("An unexpected error occuring trying to save."); } } } }

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  • How do I keep a 3D model on the screen in OpenGL?

    - by NoobScratcher
    I'm trying to keep a 3D model on the screen by placing my glDrawElement functions inside the draw function with the declarations at the top of .cpp. When I render the model, the model attaches it self to the current vertex buffer object. This is because my whole graphical user interface is in 2D quads except the window frame. Is there a way to avoid this from happening? or any common causes of this? Creating the file object: int index = IndexAssigner(1, 1); //make a fileobject and store list and the index of that list in a c string ifstream file (list[index].c_str() ); //Make another string //string line; points.push_back(Point()); Point p; int face[4]; Model rendering code: int numfloats = 4; float* point=reinterpret_cast<float*>(&points[0]); int num_bytes=numfloats*sizeof(float); cout << "Size Of Point" << sizeof(Point) << endl; GLuint vertexbuffer; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao[3]); glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.size()*sizeof(points), points.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, num_bytes, &points[0]); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, points.size(), &points[0]); glEnableClientState(GL_INDEX_ARRAY); glIndexPointer(GL_FLOAT, faces.size(), faces.data()); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, points.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, points.data()); glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, faces.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, faces.data());

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  • How can I render a semi transparent model with OpenGL correctly?

    - by phobitor
    I'm using OpenGL ES 2 and I want to render a simple model with some level of transparency. I'm just starting out with shaders, and I wrote a simple diffuse shader for the model without any issues but I don't know how to add transparency to it. I tried to set my fragment shader's output (gl_FragColor) to a non opaque alpha value but the results weren't too great. It sort of works, but it looks like certain model triangles are only rendered based on the camera position... It's really hard to describe what's wrong so please watch this short video I recorded: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0JqA0rZabE I thought this was a depth testing issue so I tried playing around with enabling/disabling depth testing and back face culling. Enabling back face culling changes the output slightly but the problem in the video is still there. Enabling/disabling depth testing doesn't seem to do anything. Could anyone explain what I'm seeing and how I can add some simple transparency to my model with the shader? I'm not looking for advanced order independent transparency implementations. edit: Vertex Shader: // color varying for fragment shader varying mediump vec3 LightIntensity; varying highp vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { // vec4 LightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); vec3 LightColor = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); vec3 DiffuseColor = vec3(1.0, 0.25, 0.0); // find the vector from the given vertex to the light source vec4 vertexInWorldSpace = gl_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(gl_Vertex); vec3 normalInWorldSpace = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); vec3 lightDirn = normalize(vec3(LightPosition-vertexInWorldSpace)); // save vertexInWorldSpace VertexInModelSpace = vec3(gl_Vertex); // calculate light intensity LightIntensity = LightColor * DiffuseColor * max(dot(lightDirn,normalInWorldSpace),0.0); // calculate projected vertex position gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; } Fragment Shader: // varying to define color varying vec3 LightIntensity; varying vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(LightIntensity,0.5); }

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  • How accurate is "Business logic should be in a service, not in a model"?

    - by Jeroen Vannevel
    Situation Earlier this evening I gave an answer to a question on StackOverflow. The question: Editing of an existing object should be done in repository layer or in service? For example if I have a User that has debt. I want to change his debt. Should I do it in UserRepository or in service for example BuyingService by getting an object, editing it and saving it ? My answer: You should leave the responsibility of mutating an object to that same object and use the repository to retrieve this object. Example situation: class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } A comment I received: Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. What does the internet say? So, this got me searching since I've never really (consciously) used a service layer. I started reading up on the Service Layer pattern and the Unit Of Work pattern but so far I can't say I'm convinced a service layer has to be used. Take for example this article by Martin Fowler on the anti-pattern of an Anemic Domain Model: There are objects, many named after the nouns in the domain space, and these objects are connected with the rich relationships and structure that true domain models have. The catch comes when you look at the behavior, and you realize that there is hardly any behavior on these objects, making them little more than bags of getters and setters. Indeed often these models come with design rules that say that you are not to put any domain logic in the the domain objects. Instead there are a set of service objects which capture all the domain logic. These services live on top of the domain model and use the domain model for data. (...) The logic that should be in a domain object is domain logic - validations, calculations, business rules - whatever you like to call it. To me, this seemed exactly what the situation was about: I advocated the manipulation of an object's data by introducing methods inside that class that do just that. However I realize that this should be a given either way, and it probably has more to do with how these methods are invoked (using a repository). I also had the feeling that in that article (see below), a Service Layer is more considered as a façade that delegates work to the underlying model, than an actual work-intensive layer. Application Layer [his name for Service Layer]: Defines the jobs the software is supposed to do and directs the expressive domain objects to work out problems. The tasks this layer is responsible for are meaningful to the business or necessary for interaction with the application layers of other systems. This layer is kept thin. It does not contain business rules or knowledge, but only coordinates tasks and delegates work to collaborations of domain objects in the next layer down. It does not have state reflecting the business situation, but it can have state that reflects the progress of a task for the user or the program. Which is reinforced here: Service interfaces. Services expose a service interface to which all inbound messages are sent. You can think of a service interface as a façade that exposes the business logic implemented in the application (typically, logic in the business layer) to potential consumers. And here: The service layer should be devoid of any application or business logic and should focus primarily on a few concerns. It should wrap Business Layer calls, translate your Domain in a common language that your clients can understand, and handle the communication medium between server and requesting client. This is a serious contrast to other resources that talk about the Service Layer: The service layer should consist of classes with methods that are units of work with actions that belong in the same transaction. Or the second answer to a question I've already linked: At some point, your application will want some business logic. Also, you might want to validate the input to make sure that there isn't something evil or nonperforming being requested. This logic belongs in your service layer. "Solution"? Following the guidelines in this answer, I came up with the following approach that uses a Service Layer: class UserController : Controller { private UserService _userService; public UserController(UserService userService){ _userService = userService; } public ActionResult MakeHimPay(string username, int amount) { _userService.MakeHimPay(username, amount); return RedirectToAction("ShowUserOverview"); } public ActionResult ShowUserOverview() { return View(); } } class UserService { private IUserRepository _userRepository; public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository) { _userRepository = userRepository; } public void MakeHimPay(username, amount) { _userRepository.GetUserByName(username).makePayment(amount); } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } Conclusion All together not much has changed here: code from the controller has moved to the service layer (which is a good thing, so there is an upside to this approach). However this doesn't look like it had anything to do with my original answer. I realize design patterns are guidelines, not rules set in stone to be implemented whenever possible. Yet I have not found a definitive explanation of the service layer and how it should be regarded. Is it a means to simply extract logic from the controller and put it inside a service instead? Is it supposed to form a contract between the controller and the domain? Should there be a layer between the domain and the service layer? And, last but not least: following the original comment Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. Is this correct? How would I introduce my business logic in a service instead of the model?

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  • rspec & rails 3 cannot find model object

    - by Ceilingfish
    I'm trying to put some specs around a new rails 3 project I am working on, and my first test doesn't seem to be able to find a model. I've installed rspec from the command line using: sudo gem install rspec --pre and then I put the following in my Gemfile gem "rspec-rails", ">= 2.0.0.beta.1" But when I run my test I get ./spec/models/world_spec.rb:1: uninitialized constant World (NameError) rake aborted! Command /opt/local/bin/ruby -Ilib -Ispec "./spec/models/world_spec.rb" failed /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.0.0.beta.4/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb:71:in `define' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:1112:in `verbose' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.0.0.beta.4/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb:57:in `send' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.0.0.beta.4/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb:57:in `define' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:636:in `call' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:636:in `execute' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:631:in `each' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:631:in `execute' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:597:in `invoke_with_call_chain' /opt/local/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:590:in `invoke_with_call_chain' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:583:in `invoke' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2051:in `invoke_task' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `top_level' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `each' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2029:in `top_level' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2023:in `top_level' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2001:in `run' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:1998:in `run' /opt/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/bin/rake:31 /opt/local/bin/rake:19:in `load' /opt/local/bin/rake:19 My spec is in spec/models/world_spec.rb, and looks like describe World, "#hello" do it "should be invalid" do World.new.should be_invalid? end end I tried adding a line like require "app/model/world" and require "world" but to no success. Does anyone know what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Django and ImageField Question

    - by Hellnar
    Hello I have a such model: Foo (models.Model): slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) image = models.ImageField(upload_to='uploads/') I want to do two things with this: First of all, I want my image to be forced to resize to a specific width and height after the upload. I have tried this reading the documentation but seems to getting error: image = models.ImageField(upload_to='uploads/', height_field=258, width_field=425) Secondly, when adding an item via admin panel, I want my image's file name to be renamed as same as slug, if any issue arises (like if such named image already exists, add "_" to the end as it used to do. IE: My slug is i-love-you-guys , uploaded image such have i-love-you-guys.png at the end.

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  • Handling Model Inheritance in ASP.NET MVC2 & NHibernate

    - by enth
    I've gotten myself stuck on how to handle inheritance in my model when it comes to my controllers/views. Basic Model: public class Procedure : Entity { public Procedure() { } public int Id { get; set; } public DateTime ProcedureDate { get; set; } public ProcedureType Type { get; set; } } public ProcedureA : Procedure { public double VariableA { get; set; } public int VariableB { get; set; } public int Total { get; set; } } public ProcedureB : Procedure { public int Score { get; set; } } etc... many of different procedures eventually. So, I do things like list all the procedures: public class ProcedureController : Controller { public virtual ActionResult List() { IEnumerable<Procedure> procedures = _repository.GetAll(); return View(procedures); } } but now I'm kinda stuck. Basically, from the list page, I need to link to pages where the specific subclass details can be viewed/edited and I'm not sure what the best strategy is. I thought I could add an action on the ProcedureController that would conjure up the right subclass by dynamically figuring out what repository to use and loading the subclass to pass to the view. I had to store the class in the ProcedureType object. I had to create/implement a non-generic IRepository since I can't dynamically cast to a generic one. public virtual ActionResult Details(int procedureID) { Procedure procedure = _repository.GetById(procedureID, false); string className = procedure.Type.Class; Type type = Type.GetType(className, true); Type repositoryType = typeof (IRepository<>).MakeGenericType(type); var repository = (IRepository)DependencyRegistrar.Resolve(repositoryType); Entity procedure = repository.GetById(procedureID, false); return View(procedure); } I haven't even started sorting out how the view is going to determine which partial to load to display the subclass details. I'm wondering if this is a good approach? This makes determining the URL easy. It makes reusing the Procedure display code easy. Another approach is specific controllers for each subclass. It simplifies the controller code, but also means many simple controllers for the many procedure subclasses. Can work out the shared Procedure details with a partial view. How to get to construct the URL to get to the controller/action in the first place? Time to not think about it. Hopefully someone can show me the light. Thanks in advance.

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  • django ManyToMany through help

    - by dotty
    Hay I've got a question about relationships. I want to Users to have Friendships. So a User can be a friend with another User. I'm assuming i'll need to use the ManyToManyField, through a Friendship table. But i cannot get it to work. Any ideas? Here are my models. class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=999) password = models.CharField(max_length=999) created_on = models.DateField(auto_now = False, auto_now_add = True) updated_on = models.DateField(auto_now = True, auto_now_add = False) friends = models.ManyToManyField('User', through='Friendship') class Friendship(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey('User') friend = models.ForeignKey('User') Thanks

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  • Best Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) database model

    - by jhs
    What is the best database schema to track role-based access controls for a web application? I am using Rails, but the RBAC plugin linked by Google looks unmaintained (only 300 commits to SVN; latest was almost a year ago). The concept is simple enough to implement from scratch, yet complex and important enough that it's worth getting right. So how do others architect and implement their RBAC model?

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  • django error:The model Tribe is already registered

    - by zjm1126
    when i python manage.py syncdb,it show this: The following content types are stale and need to be deleted: maps | tribe Any objects related to these content types by a foreign key will also be deleted. Are you sure you want to delete these content types? If you're unsure, answer 'no'. Type 'yes' to continue, or 'no' to cancel: no when i put 'no' ,and then python manage runserver: AlreadyRegistered at / The model Tribe is already registered what should i do ? thanks

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  • Limiting choices from an intermediary ManyToMany junction table in Django

    - by Matthew Rankin
    Background I've created three Django models—Inventory, SalesOrder, and Invoice—to model items in inventory, sales orders for those items, and invoices for a particular sales order. Each sales order can have multiple items, so I've used an intermediary junction table—SalesOrderItems—using the through argument for the ManyToManyField. Also, partial billing of a sales orders is allowed, so I've created a ForeignKey in the Invoice model related to the SalesOrder model, so that a particular sales order can have multiple invoices. Here's where I deviate from what I've normally seen. Instead of relating the Invoice model to the Item model via a ManyToManyField, I've related the Invoice model to the SalesOrderItem intermediary junction table through the intermediary junction table InvoiceItem. I've done this because it better models reality—our invoices are tied to sales orders and can only include items that are tied to that sales order as opposed to any item in inventory. I will admit that it does seem strange having the intermediary junction table of a ManyToManyField related to the intermediary junction table of another ManyToManyField. Question How can I limit the choices available for the invoice_items in the Invoice model to just the sales_order_items of the SalesOrder model for that particular Invoice? (I tried using limit_choices_to= {'sales_order': self.invoice.sales_order}) as part of the item = models.ForeignKey(SalesOrderItem) in the InvoiceItem model, but that didn't work. Am I correct in thinking that limiting the choices for the invoice_items should be handled in the model instead of in a form? Code class Item(models.Model): item_num = models.SlugField(unique=True) default_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, blank=True, null=True) class SalesOrderItem(models.Model): item = models.ForeignKey(Item) sales_order = models.ForeignKey('SalesOrder') unit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2) quantity = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=4) class SalesOrder(models.Model): customer = models.ForeignKey(Party) so_num = models.SlugField(max_length=40, unique=True) sales_order_items = models.ManyToManyField(Item, through=SalesOrderItem) class InvoiceItem(models.Model): item = models.ForeignKey(SalesOrderItem) invoice = models.ForeignKey('Invoice') unit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2) quantity = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=4) class Invoice(models.Model): invoice_num = models.SlugField(max_length=25) sales_order = models.ForeignKey(SalesOrder) invoice_items = models.ManyToManyField(SalesOrderItem, through='InvoiceItem')

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  • doctrine regenerating models from yml only the base models?

    - by TaMeR
    I am wondering if there is a way to handle this more elegantly. After generating the "main" models and base models from yml files the first time I have to add at the very leased an include for the base model to the "main" model like so: include_once 'generated/BaseBlog.php'; At the moment before I regenerate the models I move my changed main models, which is mostly way more then just the include path, in to a tmp folder then I delete all the models. And after regenerating I move my modified models back overwriting the generated main models. isn't there a way to just create the base models and not touch the main models? Or how do you guys handle this?

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