famous people - Page 602

Right-aligning button in a grid with possibly no content - stretch grid to always fill the page

- by Peter Perhác

Hello people, I am losing my patience with this. I am working on a Windows Phone 7 application and I can't figure out what layout manager to use to achieve the following: Basically, when I use a Grid as the layout root, I can't make the grid to stretch to the size of the phone application page. When the main content area is full, all is well and the button sits where I want it to sit. However, in case the page content is very short, the grid is only as wide as to accommodate its content and then the button (which I am desperate to keep near the right edge of the screen) moves away from the right edge. If I replace the grid and use a vertically oriented stack panel for the layout root, the button sits where I want it but then the content area is capable of growing beyond the bottom edge. So, when I place a listbox full of items into the main content area, it doesn't adjust its height to be completely in view, but the majority of items in that listbox are just rendered below the bottom edge of the display area. I have tried using a third-party DockPanel layout manager and then docked the button in it's top section and set the button's HorizontalAlignment="Right" but the result was the same as with the grid, it also shrinks in size when there isn't enough content in the content area (or when title is short). How do I do this then? ==EDIT== I tried WPCoder's XAML, only I replaced the dummy text box with what I would have in a real page (stackpanel) and placed a listbox into the ContentPanel grid. I noticed that what I had before and what WPCoder is suggesting is very similar. Here's my current XAML and the page still doesn't grow to fit the width of the page and I get identical results to what I had before: <phone:PhoneApplicationPage x:Name="categoriesPage" x:Class="CatalogueBrowser.CategoriesPage" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone" xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}" Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}" SupportedOrientations="PortraitOrLandscape" Orientation="Portrait" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="480" d:DesignHeight="768" xmlns:ctrls="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone.Controls.Toolkit" shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center" > <TextBlock Text="Browsing:" Margin="10,10" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle3Style}" /> <TextBlock x:Name="ListTitle" Text="{Binding DisplayName}" Margin="0,10" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle3Style}" /> </StackPanel> <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="btnRefineSearch" Content="Refine Search" Style="{StaticResource buttonBarStyle}" FontSize="14" /> </Grid> <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1"> <ListBox x:Name="CategoryList" ItemsSource="{Binding Categories}" Style="{StaticResource CatalogueList}" SelectionChanged="CategoryList_SelectionChanged"/> </Grid> </Grid> </phone:PhoneApplicationPage> This is what the page with the above XAML markup looks like in the emulator:

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What are the principles of developing web-applications with action-based java frameworks?

- by Roman

Background I'm going to develop a new web-application with java. It's not very big or very complex and I have enough time until it'll "officially" start. I have some JSF/Facelets development background (about half a year). And I also have some expirience with JSP+JSTL. In self-educational purpose (and also in order to find the best solution) I want to prototype the new project with one of action-based frameworks. Actually, I will choose between Spring MVC and Stripes. Problem In order to get correct impression about action-based frameworks (in comparison with JSF) I want to be sure that I use them correctly (in bigger or lesser extent). So, here I list some most-frequent tasks (at least for me) and describe how I solve them with JSF. I want to know how they should be solved with action-based framework (or separately with Spring MVC and Stripes if there is any difference for concrete task). Rendering content: I can apply ready-to-use component from standard jsf libraries (core and html) or from 3rd-party libs (like RichFaces). I can combine simple components and I can easily create my own components which are based on standard components. Rendering data (primitive or reference types) in the correct format: Each component allow to specify a converter for transforming data in both ways (to render and to send to the server). Converter is, as usual, a simple class with 2 small methods. Site navigation: I specify a set of navigation-cases in faces-config.xml. Then I specify action-attribute of a link (or a button) which should match one or more of navigation cases. The best match is choosen by JSF. Implementing flow (multiform wizards for example): I'm using JSF 1.2 so I use Apache Orchestra for the flow (conversation) scope. Form processing: I have a pretty standard java-bean (backing bean in JSF terms) with some scope. I 'map' form fields on this bean properties. If everything goes well (no exceptions and validation is passed) then all these properties are set with values from the form fields. Then I can call one method (specified in button's action attribute) to execute some logic and return string which should much one of my navigation cases to go to the next screen. Forms validation: I can create custom validator (or choose from existing) and add it to almost each component. 3rd-party libraries have sets of custom ajax-validators. Standard validators work only after page is submitted. Actually, I don't like how validation in JSF works. Too much magic there. Many standard components (or maybe all of them) have predefined validation and it's impossible to disable it (Maybe not always, but I met many problems with it). Ajax support: many 3rd-party libraries (MyFaces, IceFaces, OpenFaces, AnotherPrefixFaces...) have strong ajax support and it works pretty well. Until you meet a problem. Too much magic there as well. It's very difficult to make it work if it doesn't work but you've done right as it's described in the manual. User-friendly URLs: people say that there are some libraries for that exist. And it can be done with filters as well. But I've never tried. It seems too complex for the first look. Thanks in advance for explaning how these items (or some of them) can be done with action-based framework.

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Separation of presentation and business logic in PHP

- by Markus Ossi

I am programming my first real PHP website and am wondering how to make my code more readable to myself. The reference book I am using is PHP and MySQL Web Development 4th ed. The aforementioned book gives three approaches to separating logic and content: include files function or class API template system I haven't chosen any of these yet, as wrapping my brains around these concepts is taking some time. However, my code has become some hybrid of the first two as I am just copy-pasting away here and modifying as I go. On presentation side, all of my pages have these common elements: header, top navigation, sidebar navigation, content, right sidebar and footer. The function-based examples in the book suggest that I could have these display functions that handle all the presentation example. So, my page code will be like this: display_header(); display_navigation(); display_content(); display_footer(); However, I don't like this because the examples in the book have these print statements with HTML and PHP mixed up like this: echo "<tr bgcolor=\"".$color."\"><td><a href=\"".$url."\">" ... I would rather like to have HTML with some PHP in the middle, not the other way round. I am thinking of making my pages so that at the beginning of my page, I will fetch all the data from database and put it in arrays. I will also get the data for variables. If there are any errors in any of these processes, I will put them into error strings. Then, at the HTML code, I will loop through these arrays using foreach and display the content. In some cases, there will be some variables that will be shown. If there is an error variable that is set, I will display that at the proper position. (As a side note: The thing I do not understand is that in most example code, if some database query or whatnot gives an error, there is always: else echo 'Error'; This baffles me, because when the example code gives an error, it is sometimes echoed out even before the HTML has started...) For people who have used ASP.NET, I have gotten somewhat used to the code-behind files and lblError and I am trying to do something similar here. The thing I haven't figured out is how could I do this "do logic first, then presentation" thing so that I would not have to replicate for example the navigation logic and navigation presentation in all of the pages. Should I do some include files or could I use functions here but a little bit differently? Are there any good articles where these "styles" of separating presentation and logic are explained a little bit more thoroughly. The book I have only has one paragraph about this stuff. What I am thinking is that I am talking about some concepts or ways of doing PHP programming here, but I just don't know the terms for them yet. I know this isn't a straight forward question, I just need some help in organizing my thoughts.

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Faulty to use memcache together with a php web-browser-game in this way?

- by Crowye

Background We are currently working on a strategy web-browser game based on php, html and javascript. The plan is to have 10,000+ users playing within the same world. Currently we are using memcached to: store json static data, language files store changeable serialized php class objects (such as armies, inventorys, unit-containers, buildings, etc) In the back we have a mysql server running and holding all the game data aswell. When a object is loaded through our ObjectLoader it loads in this order: checks a static hashmap in the script for the object checks memcache if it has already been loaded into it otherwise loads from database, and saves it into memcache and the static temp hashmap We have built the whole game using a class-object-oriented approach where functionality is always made between objects. Beause of this we think we have managed to get a nice structure, and with the help of memcached we have received good request times from client-server when interacting with the game. I'm aware that memcache is not synchronized, and also is not commonly used for holding a full game in memory. In the beginning after a server's startup the load times when loading objects into memcache for the first time will be high, but after the server's been online for a while and most loads are from memcache, the loads will be well reduced. Currently we are saving changed objects into memcache and database at the same time. Earlier we had an idea to save objects into db only after a certain time or at intervals, but due to risk inconsistency if the memcache/server went down, we skipped it for now. Client requests to server often return object's status simple json-format without changing the object, which in turn is represented in the browser visually with images and javascript. But from time to time depending on when an object was last updated, it updates them with new information (e.g. a build-queue holding planned buildings time-progress is increased, and/or planned-queue-items-array has changed). Questions: Do you see how this could work or are we walking in blindness here? Do you expect us to have a lot of inconsistency issues if someone loads and updates the a memcache objects while someone else does the same? Is it even doable to do it in the way he have done it? Seems to be working fine atm, but so far we have only been 4 people online at the same time.. Is some other cache program more fit for this class-object approach than memcached? Is there any other tips you have for this situation? UPDATE Since it is simply a "normal webpage" (no applet, flash, etc), we are implementing the game so that the server is the only one holding a "real game-state".. the state of the different javascript-objects on the client is more like a approximative version of the server's game state. From time to time and before you do certain things important things, the client's visual state is updated to the server's state (e.g. the client things he can afford a barracks, asks the server to build a barracks, server updates current resources according to income-data on server and then tries to build a barracks or casts an error-message, and then sends the current server-state on resources, buildings back to the client).. It is not a fast-paced game lika real strategy game. More like a quite slow 3-4 months playtime game, where buildings can take +1 minute up to several days to complete.

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Fastest way to pad a number in Java to a certain number of digits

- by Martin

Am trying to create a well-optimised bit of code to create number of X-digits in length (where X is read from a runtime properties file), based on a DB-generated sequence number (Y), which is then used a folder-name when saving a file. I've come up with three ideas so far, the fastest of which is the last one, but I'd appreciate any advice people may have on this... 1) Instantiate a StringBuilder with initial capacity X. Append Y. While length < X, insert a zero at pos zero. 2) Instantiate a StringBuilder with initial capacity X. While length < X, append a zero. Create a DecimalFormat based on StringBuilder value, and then format the number when it's needed. 3) Create a new int of Math.pow( 10, X ) and add Y. Use String.valueOf() on the new number and then substring(1) it. The second one can obviously be split into outside-loop and inside-loop sections. So, any tips? Using a for-loop of 10,000 iterations, I'm getting similar timings from the first two, and the third method is approximately ten-times faster. Does this seem correct? Full test-method code below... // Setup test variables int numDigits = 9; int testNumber = 724; int numIterations = 10000; String folderHolder = null; DecimalFormat outputFormat = new DecimalFormat( "#,##0" ); // StringBuilder test long before = System.nanoTime(); for ( int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++ ) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( numDigits ); sb.append( testNumber ); while ( sb.length() < numDigits ) { sb.insert( 0, 0 ); } folderHolder = sb.toString(); } long after = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println( "01: " + outputFormat.format( after - before ) + " nanoseconds" ); System.out.println( "Sanity check: Folder = \"" + folderHolder + "\"" ); // DecimalFormat test before = System.nanoTime(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( numDigits ); while ( sb.length() < numDigits ) { sb.append( 0 ); } DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat( sb.toString() ); for ( int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++ ) { folderHolder = formatter.format( testNumber ); } after = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println( "02: " + outputFormat.format( after - before ) + " nanoseconds" ); System.out.println( "Sanity check: Folder = \"" + folderHolder + "\"" ); // Substring test before = System.nanoTime(); int baseNum = (int)Math.pow( 10, numDigits ); for ( int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++ ) { int newNum = baseNum + testNumber; folderHolder = String.valueOf( newNum ).substring( 1 ); } after = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println( "03: " + outputFormat.format( after - before ) + " nanoseconds" ); System.out.println( "Sanity check: Folder = \"" + folderHolder + "\"" );

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PHP - Code Sample - Polymorphism Implementation - How to allow for expansion?

- by darga33

I've read numerous SO posts about Polymorphism, and also the other really good one at http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/php/understanding-and-applying-polymorphism-in-php/ Good stuff!!! I'm trying to figure out how a seasoned PHP developer that follows all the best practices would accomplish the following. Please be as specific and detailed as possible. I'm sure your answer is going to help a lot of people!!! :-) While learning Polymorphism, I came across a little stumbling block. Inside of the PDFFormatter class, I had to use (instanceof) in order to figure out if some code should be included in the returned data. I am trying to be able to pass in two different kinds of profiles to the formatter. (needs to be able to handle multiple kinds of formatters but display the data specific to the Profile class that is being passed to it). It doesn't look bad now, but imagine 10 more kinds of Profiles!! How would you do this? The best answer would also include the changes you would make. Thanks sooooooo much in advance!!!!! Please PHP only! Thx!!! File 1. FormatterInterface.php interface FormatterInterface { public function format(Profile $Profile); } File 2. PDFFormatter.php class PDFFormatter implements FormatterInterface { public function format(Profile $Profile) { $format = "PDF Format<br /><br />"; $format .= "This is a profile formatted as a PDF.<br />"; $format .= 'Name: ' . $Profile->name . '<br />'; if ($Profile instanceof StudentProfile) { $format .= "Graduation Date: " . $Profile->graduationDate . "<br />"; } $format .= "<br />End of PDF file"; return $format; } } File 3. Profile.php class Profile { public $name; public function __construct($name) { $this->name = $name; } public function format(FormatterInterface $Formatter) { return $Formatter->format($this); } } File 4. StudentProfile.php class StudentProfile extends Profile { public $graduationDate; public function __construct($name, $graduationDate) { $this->name = $name; $this->graduationDate = $graduationDate; } } File 5. index.php //Assuming all files are included...... $StudentProfile = new StudentProfile('Michael Conner', 55, 'Unknown, FL', 'Graduate', '1975', 'Business Management'); $Profile = new Profile('Brandy Smith', 44, 'Houston, TX'); $PDFFormatter = new PDFFormatter(); echo '<hr />'; echo $StudentProfile->format($PDFFormatter); echo '<hr />'; echo $Profile->format($PDFFormatter);

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Having some trouble in my pagation code(PHP)

- by user300371

My table is posting and in that table, it shows all the posting people put in. I am trying to make page navigation links at the bottom of the posts. the function generateenter code here_page_links does all the work. The code seem to be only showing the "<-" and "-" and not the link numbers. I think the function is only reading the $_GET['posting'] ==1. (this code is from the Oreilly PHP/MySQL book. I am using it as practice) function generate_page_links($cur_page, $num_pages) { $page_links = ''; // If this page is not the first page, generate the "previous" link if ($cur_page > 1) { //cur_page is just a number that is gotten from the url. $page_links .= '<a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?page=' . ($cur_page - 1) . '"><--</a> '; } else { $page_links .= '<- '; } // Loop through the pages generating the page number links for ($i = 1; $i <= $num_pages; $i++) { if ($cur_page == $i) { $page_links .= ' ' . $i; } else { $page_links .= ' <a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?usersearch=' . $user_search . '&sort=' . $sort . '&page=' . $i . '"> ' . $i . '</a>'; } } // If this page is not the last page, generate the "next" link if ($cur_page < $num_pages) { $page_links .= ' <a href="' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?usersearch=' . $user_search . '&sort=' . $sort . '&page=' . ($cur_page + 1) . '">-></a>'; } if ($cur_page == $num_pages){ //the last page $page_links .= ' ->'; } return $page_links; //need to return this variable in the function } // Calculate pagination information $cur_page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 1; $results_per_page = 3; // number of results per page $skip = (($cur_page - 1) * $results_per_page); $query = "SELECT * FROM posting ORDER BY date_added DESC"; $data = mysqli_query($dbc, $query); $total = mysqli_num_rows($data); $num_pages = ceil($total / $results_per_page); //Query again to get just the subset of results $query = $query . " LIMIT $skip, $results_per_page"; $result = mysqli_query($dbc, $query); echo '<table>'; echo '<tr><td><b>Title</b></td><td><b>Date Posted</b></td></tr>'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)) { echo '<tr><td><a href="ad.php? posting_id='.$row['posting_id'].' ">'.$row['title'].'</a></td>'; echo '<td>'.$row['date_added'].'</td>'; //echo '<td>'.$row['name'].'</td></tr>'; } echo '</table>'; // Generate navigational page links if we have more than one page if ($num_pages > 1) { echo generate_page_links($user_search, $sort, $cur_page, $num_pages); }

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How can I keep my MVC Views, models, and model binders as clean as possible?

- by MBonig

I'm rather new to MVC and as I'm getting into the whole framework more and more I'm finding the modelbinders are becoming tough to maintain. Let me explain... I am writing a basic CRUD-over-database app. My domain models are going to be very rich. In an attempt to keep my controllers as thin as possible I've set it up so that on Create/Edit commands the parameter for the action is a richly populated instance of my domain model. To do this I've implemented a custom model binder. As a result, though, this custom model binder is very specific to the view and the model. I've decided to just override the DefaultModelBinder that ships with MVC 2. In the case where the field being bound to my model is just a textbox (or something as simple), I just delegate to the base method. However, when I'm working with a dropdown or something more complex (the UI dictates that date and time are separate data entry fields but for the model it is one Property), I have to perform some checks and some manual data munging. The end result of this is that I have some pretty tight ties between the View and Binder. I'm architecturally fine with this but from a code maintenance standpoint, it's a nightmare. For example, my model I'm binding here is of type Log (this is the object I will get as a parameter on my Action). The "ServiceStateTime" is a property on Log. The form values of "log.ServiceStartDate" and "log.ServiceStartTime" are totally arbitrary and come from two textboxes on the form (Html.TextBox("log.ServiceStartTime",...)) protected override object GetPropertyValue(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor, IModelBinder propertyBinder) { if (propertyDescriptor.Name == "ServiceStartTime") { string date = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue("log.ServiceStartDate").ConvertTo(typeof (string)) as string; string time = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue("log.ServiceStartTime").ConvertTo(typeof (string)) as string; DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Parse(date + " " + time); return dateTime; } if (propertyDescriptor.Name == "ServiceEndTime") { string date = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue("log.ServiceEndDate").ConvertTo(typeof(string)) as string; string time = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue("log.ServiceEndTime").ConvertTo(typeof(string)) as string; DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Parse(date + " " + time); return dateTime; } The Log.ServiceEndTime is a similar field. This doesn't feel very DRY to me. First, if I refactor the ServiceStartTime or ServiceEndTime into different field names, the text strings may get missed (although my refactoring tool of choice, R#, is pretty good at this sort of thing, it wouldn't cause a build-time failure and would only get caught by manual testing). Second, if I decided to arbitrarily change the descriptors "log.ServiceStartDate" and "log.ServiceStartTime", I would run into the same problem. To me, runtime silent errors are the worst kind of error out there. So, I see a couple of options to help here and would love to get some input from people who have come across some of these issues: Refactor any text strings in common between the view and model binders out into const strings attached to the ViewModel object I pass from controller to the aspx/ascx view. This pollutes the ViewModel object, though. Provide unit tests around all of the interactions. I'm a big proponent of unit tests and haven't started fleshing this option out but I've got a gut feeling that it won't save me from foot-shootings. If it matters, the Log and other entities in the system are persisted to the database using Fluent NHibernate. I really want to keep my controllers as thin as possible. So, any suggestions here are greatly welcomed! Thanks

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First time using select(), maybe a basic question?

- by darkletter

Hello people, i've been working for a few days with this server using select(). What it does, is that, i have two arrays of clients (one is "suppliers", and the other is "consumers"), and the mission of the server is to check whether the suppliers have something to send to the consumers, and in case affirmative, send it. The second part of the server is that, when the consumers have received the suppliers' info, they send a confirmation message to the same suppliers that sent the info. When a client connects, it gets recognized as "undefined", until it sends a message with the word "supplier" or "consumer" (in Spanish, as i'm from there), when the server puts it in the correct clients array. Well, what the server does is not very important here. What's important is that, i'm doing both parts with two different "for" loops, and that's where i'm getting the problems. When the first user connects to the server (be it a supplier or a consumer), the server gets stuck in the first or second loop, instead of just continuing its execution. As it's the first time i'm using select(), i may be missing something. Could you guys give me any sort of help? Thanks a lot in advance. for(;;) { rset=allset; nready=select(maxfd+1,&rset,NULL,NULL,NULL); if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)){ clilen=sizeof(cliente); if((connfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliente,&clilen))<0) printf("Error"); IP=inet_ntoa(cliente.sin_addr); for(i=0;i<COLA;i++){if(indef[i]<0){indef[i]=connfd;IPind[i]=IP;break;}} FD_SET(connfd,&allset); if(connfd > maxfd) maxfd=connfd; if(i>maxii) maxii=i; if(--nready<=0) continue; }// Fin ISSET(sockfd) for(i=0;i<=maxii;i++){ if((sockfd1=indef[i])<0){ continue;} //! if(FD_ISSET(sockfd1,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd1,comp,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd1);FD_CLR(sockfd1,&allset);indef[i]=-1;printf("Cliente indefinido desconectado \n");} else{ comp[n]='\0'; if(strcmp(comp,"suministrador")==0){ for(j=0;j<=limite;j++){if(sumi[j]<0){IPsum[j]=IPind[i];sumi[j]=indef[i]; indef[i]=-1;if(j>maxis) {maxis=j;}break; } } } else if(strcmp(comp,"consumidor")==0){ for(o=0;j<=limite;j++){if(consum[o]<0){IPcons[o]=IPind[i];consum[o]=indef[i]; indef[o]=-1;if(o>maxic) {maxic=o;}break; } } } if(--nready <=0)break; } } }//fin bucle for maxii for(i=0;i<=maxis;i++){ if((sockfd2=sumi[i])<0){continue;} if(FD_ISSET(sockfd2,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd2,buffer2,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd2);FD_CLR(sockfd2,&allset);sumi[i]=-1;printf("Suministrador desconectado \n");} else{ buffer2[n]='\0'; for(j=0;j<=maxic;j++){ if((sockfd3=consum[j])<0){ continue;} else {strcpy(final,IPsum[i]);strcat(final,":");strcat(final,buffer2);write(sockfd3,final,sizeof(final));respuesta[i]=1;} } break; // ? } } }//fin for maxis for(i=miniic;i<=maxic;i++){ if((sockfd4=consum[i])<0){continue;} if(FD_ISSET(sockfd4,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd4,buffer3,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd4);FD_CLR(sockfd4,&allset);consum[i]=-1;printf("Consumidor desconectado \n");} else{ buffer3[n]='\0'; IP2=strtok(buffer3,":"); obj=strtok(NULL,":"); for(j=0;j<100;j++){ if((strcmp(IPsum[j],IP2)==0) && (respuesta[j]==1)) {write(sumi[j],obj,sizeof(obj)); miniic=i+1; respuesta[j]=0; break; } } } } }

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Infinite sharing system (PHP/MySQLi)

- by Toine Lille

I'm working on a discount system for whichever customer shares a product and brings in new customers. Each unique visit = $0.05 off, each new customer = $0.50 off (it's a cheap product so yeah, no big numbers). When a new customer shares the site, the customer initially responsible for the new customer (if any) will get half of the new customer's discount as well. The initial customer would get a fourth for the next level and the new customer half of that, etc, creating a tree or pyramid that way that could be infinite. Initial customer ($1.35 discount: 2 new+3 visits + half of 1 new+2 visits) Visitor ($0) Visitor ($0) New customer ($0.60) Visitor ($0) Visitor ($0) Newer customer ($0) New customer ($0) Visitor ($0) The customers are saved along with their IP addresses (bin2hex(inet_pton)) in a database table (customers) with info like a unique id, e-mail address and first date/time the purchased a product (= time of registration). The shares are saved in a separate table within the same database (sharing). Each unique IP addresses that visits the site creates a new row featuring the IP address (also saved as bin2hex(inet_pton)), the id of the customer who shared it and the date/time of the visit. Sharing goes via URL, featuring a GET element containing the customer's id. Visits and new customers overlap, as visits will always occur before the new customer does. That's fine. The date/times are used just to make it a little more secure (I also use the IP along with cookies to see if people cheat the system). If an IP is already in the sharing or customer tables, it does not count and will not create a new entry. Now the problem is, how to make the infinity happen and apply the different values to it? That's all I'd need to know. It needs to calculate the discount for each customer separately, but also allow for monitoring altogether (though that's just a matter of passing all ID's through it). I figured I'd start (after the database connection) with $stmt = $con->prepare('SELECT ip,datetime FROM sharing WHERE sender=?'); $stmt->bind_param('i',$customerid); $stmt->execute(); $stmt->store_result(); $discount = $discount + ($stmt->num_rows * 0.05); $stmt->bind_result($ip,$timeofsharing); to translate all the visits to $0.05 of discount each. To check for the new customers that came from these visits, I wrote the following: while ($sql->fetch()) { $stmt2 = $con->prepare("SELECT datetime FROM users WHERE ip=?"); $stmt2->bind_param('s',$ip); $stmt2->execute(); $stmt2->store_result(); $stmt2->bind_result($timeofpurchase); Followed by a little more security comparing the datetimes: while ($stmt2->fetch()) { if (strtotime($timeofpurchase) < strtotime($timeofsharing)) { $discount = $discount + $0.50; } But this is just for the initial customer's direct results. If I'd want to check for the next level, I'd basically have to put the exact same check and loop in itself, checking each new customer the initial customer they brought to the site, and then for the next level again to check all of the newer customers, etc, etc. What to do? / Where to go? / What would be the correct practice for this? Thanks!

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Is this a SEO SAFE anchor link

- by Mayhem

so... Is this a safe way to use internal links on your site.. By doing this i have the index page generating the usual php content section and handing it to the div element. THE MAIN QUESTION: Will google still index the pages using this method? Common sense tells me it does.. But just double checking and leaving this here as a base example as well if it is. As in. EXAMPLE ONLY PEOPLE The Server Side if (isset($_REQUEST['page'])) {$pageID=$_REQUEST['page'];} else {$pageID="home";} if (isset($_REQUEST['pageMode']) && $_REQUEST['pageMode']=="js") { require "content/".$pageID.".php"; exit; } // ELSE - REST OF WEBSITE WILL BE GENERATED USING THE page VARIABLE The Links <a class='btnMenu' href='?page=home'>Home Page</a> <a class='btnMenu' href='?page=about'>About</a> <a class='btnMenu' href='?page=Services'>Services</a> <a class='btnMenu' href='?page=contact'>Contact</a> The Javascript $(function() { $(".btnMenu").click(function(){return doNav(this);}); }); function doNav(objCaller) { var sPage = $(objCaller).attr("href").substring(6,255); $.get("index.php", { page: sPage, pageMode: 'js'}, function(data) { ("#siteContent").html(data).scrollTop(0); }); return false; } Forgive me if there are any errors, as just copied and pasted from my script then removed a bunch of junk to simplify it as still prototyping/white boarding the project its in. So yes it does look a little nasty at the moment. REASONS WHY: The main reason is bandwidth and speed, This will allow other scripts to run and control the site/application a little better and yes it will need to be locked down with some coding. -- FURTHER EXAMPLE-- INSERT PHP AT TOP <?php // PHP CODE HERE ?> <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class='siteBody'> <div class='siteHeader'> <?php foreach ($pageList as $key => $value) { if ($pageID == $key) {$btnClass="btnMenuSel";} else {$btnClass="btnMenu";} echo "<a class='$btnClass' href='?page=".$key."'>".$pageList[$key]."</a>"; } ?> </div><div id="siteContent" style='margin-top:10px;'> <?php require "content/".$pageID.".php"; ?> </div><div class='siteFooter'> </div> </div> </body> </html>

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Opinions on Copy Protection / Software Licensing via phoning home?

- by Jakobud

I'm developing some software that I'm going to eventually sell. I've been thinking about different copy protection mechanisms, both custom and 3rd party. I know that no copy protection is 100% full-proof, but I need to at least try. So I'm looking for some opinions to my approach I'm thinking about: One method I'm thinking about is just having my software connect to a remote server when it starts up, in order to verify the license based off the MAC address of the ethernet port. I'm not sure if the server would be running a MySQL database that retrieves the license information, or what... Is there a more simple way? Maybe some type of encrypted file that is read? I would make the software still work if it can't connect to the server. I don't want to lock someone out just because they don't have internet access at that moment in time. In case you are wondering, the software I'm developing is extremely internet/network dependant. So its actually quite unlikely that the user wouldn't have internet access when using it. Actually, its pretty useless without internet/network access. Anyone know what I would do about computers that have multiple MAC addresses? A lot of motherboards these days have 2 ethernet ports. And most laptops have 1 ethernet, 1 wifi and Bluetooth MAC addresses. I suppose I could just pick a MAC port and run with it. Not sure if it really matters A smarty and tricky user could determine the server that the software is connecting to and perhaps add it to their host file so that it always trys to connect to localhost. How likely do you think this is? And do you think its possible for the software to check if this is being done? I guess parsing of the host file could always work. Look for your server address in there and see if its connecting to localhost or something. I've considered dongles, but I'm trying to avoid them just because I know they are a pain to work with. Keeping them updated and possibly requiring the customer to run their own license server is a bit too much for me. I've experienced that and it's a bit of a pain that I wouldn't want to put my customers through. Also I'm trying to avoid that extra overhead cost of using 3rd party dongles. Also, I'm leaning toward connecting to a remote server to verify authentication as opposed to just sending the user some sort of license file because what happens when the user buys a new computer? I have to send them a replacement license file that will work with their new computer, but they will still be able to use it on their old computer as well. There is no way for me to 'de-authorize' their old computer without asking them to run some program on it or something. Also, one important note, with the software I would make it very clear to the user in the EULA that the software connects to a remote server to verify licensing and that no personal information is sent. I know I don't care much for software that does that kinda stuff without me knowing. Anyways, just looking for some opinions for people who have maybe gone down this kinda road. It seems like remote-server-dependent-software would be one of the most effective copy-protection mechanisms, not just because of difficulty of circumventing, but also could be pretty easy to manage the licenses on the developers end.

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Is it possible to shuffle a 2D matrix while preserving row AND column frequencies?

- by j_random_hacker

Suppose I have a 2D array like the following: GACTG AGATA TCCGA Each array element is taken from a small finite set (in my case, DNA nucleotides -- {A, C, G, T}). I would like to randomly shuffle this array somehow while preserving both row and column nucleotide frequencies. Is this possible? Can it be done efficiently? [EDIT]: By this I mean I want to produce a new matrix where each row has the same number of As, Cs, Gs and Ts as the corresponding row of the original matrix, and where each column has the same number of As, Cs, Gs and Ts as the corresponding column of the original matrix. Permuting the rows or columns of the original matrix will not achieve this in general. (E.g. for the example above, the top row has 2 Gs, and 1 each of A, C and T; if this row was swapped with row 2, the top row in the resulting matrix would have 3 As, 1 G and 1 T.) It's simple enough to preserve just column frequencies by shuffling a column at a time, and likewise for rows. But doing this will in general alter the frequencies of the other kind. My thoughts so far: If it's possible to pick 2 rows and 2 columns so that the 4 elements at the corners of this rectangle have the pattern XY YX for some pair of distinct elements X and Y, then replacing these 4 elements with YX XY will maintain both row and column frequencies. In the example at the top, this can be done for (at least) rows 1 and 2 and columns 2 and 5 (whose corners give the 2x2 matrix AG;GA), and for rows 1 and 3 and columns 1 and 4 (whose corners give GT;TG). Clearly this could be repeated a number of times to produce some level of randomisation. Generalising a bit, any "subrectangle" induced by a subset of rows and a subset of columns, in which the frequencies of all rows are the same and the frequencies of all columns are the same, can have both its rows and columns permuted to produce a valid complete rectangle. (Of these, only those subrectangles in which at least 1 element is changed are actually interesting.) Big questions: Are all valid complete matrices reachable by a series of such "subrectangle rearrangements"? I suspect the answer is yes. Are all valid subrectangle rearrangements decomposable into a series of 2x2 swaps? I suspect the answer is no, but I hope it's yes, since that would seem to make it easier to come up with an efficient algorithm. Can some or all of the valid rearrangements be computed efficiently? This question addresses a special case in which the set of possible elements is {0, 1}. The solutions people have come up with there are similar to what I have come up with myself, and are probably usable, but not ideal as they require an arbitrary amount of backtracking to work correctly. Also I'm concerned that only 2x2 swaps are considered. Finally, I would ideally like a solution that can be proven to select a matrix uniformly at random from the set of all matrices having identical row frequencies and column frequencies to the original. I know, I'm asking for a lot :)

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How to select table column names in a view and pass to controller in rails?

- by zachd1_618

So I am new to Rails, and OO programming in general. I have some grasp of the MVC architecture. My goal is to make a (nearly) completely dynamic plug-and-play plotting web server. I am fairly confused with params, forms, and select helpers. What I want to do is use Rails drop downs to basically pass parameters as strings to my controller, which will use the params to select certain column data from my database and plot it dynamically. I have the latter part of the task working, but I can't seem to pass values from my view to controller. For simplicity's sake, say my database schema looks like this: --------------Plot--------------- |____x____|____y1____|____y2____| | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 4 | 16 | | 5 | 5 | 25 | ... and in my Model, I have dynamic selector scopes that will let me select just certain columns of data: in Plot.rb class Plot < ActiveRecord::Base scope :select_var, lambda {|varname| select(varname)} scope :between_x, lambda {|x1,x2| where("x BETWEEN ? and ?","#{x1}","#{x2}")} So this way, I can call: irb>>@p1 = Plot.select_var(['x','y1']).between_x(1,3) and get in return a class where @p1.x and @p1.y1 are my only attributes, only for values between x=1 to x=4, which I dynamically plot. I want to start off in a view (plot/index), where I can dynamically select which variable names (table column names), and which rows from the database to fetch and plot. The problem is, most select helpers don't seem to work with columns in the database, only rows. So to select columns, I first get an array of column names that exist in my database with a function I wrote. Plots Controller def index d=Plot.first @tags = d.list_vars end So @tags = ['x','y1','y2'] Then in my plot/index.html.erb I try to use a drop down to select wich variables I send back to the controller. index.html.erb <%= select_tag( :variable, options_for_select(@plots.first.list_vars,:name,:multiple=>:true) )%> <%= button_to 'Plot now!', :controller =>"plots/plot_vars", :variable => params[:variable]%> Finally, in the controller again Plots controller ... def plot_vars @plot_data=Plot.select_vars([params[:variable]]) end The problem is everytime I try this (or one of a hundred variations thereof), the params[:variable] is nill. How can I use a drop down to pass a parameter with string variable names to the controller? Sorry its so long, I have been struggling with this for about a month now. :-( I think my biggest problem is that this setup doesn't really match the Rails architecture. I don't have "users" and "articles" as individual entities. I really have a data structure, not a data object. Trying to work with the structure in terms of data object speak is not necessarily the easiest thing to do I think. For background: My actual database has about 250 columns and a couple million rows, and they get changed and modified from time to time. I know I can make the database smarter, but its not worth it on my end. I work at a scientific institute where there are a ton of projects with databases just like this. Each one has a web developer that spends months setting up a web interface and their own janky plotting setups. I want to make this completely dynamic, as a plug-and-play solution so all you have to do is specify your database connection, and this rails setup will automatically show and plot which data you want in it. I am more of a sequential programmer and number cruncher, as are many people here. I think this project could be very helpful in the end, but its difficult to figure out for me right now.

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PHP setting cookies in a child class

- by steve

I am writing a custom session handler and for the life of me I cannot get a cookie to set in it. I'm not outputting anything to the browser before I set the cookie but it still doesn't work. Its killing me. The cookie will set if I set it in the script I define and call on the session handler with. If necessary I will post code. Any ideas people? <?php /* require the needed classes comment out what is not needed */ require_once("classes/sessionmanager.php"); require_once("classes/template.php"); require_once("classes/database.php"); $title=" "; //titlebar of the web browser $description=" "; $keywords=" "; //meta keywords $menutype="default"; //default or customer, customer is elevated $pagetitle="dflsfsf "; //title of the webpage $pagebody=" "; //body of the webpage $template=template::def_instance(); $database=database::def_instance(); $session=sessionmanager::def_instance(); $session->sessions(); session_start(); ?> and this is the one that actually sets the cookie for the session function write($session_id,$session_data) { $session_id = mysql_real_escape_string($session_id); $session_data = mysql_real_escape_string(serialize($session_data)); $expires = time() + 3600; $user_ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; $bol = FALSE; $time = time(); $newsession = FALSE; $auth = FALSE; $query = "SELECT * FROM 'sessions' WHERE 'expires' > '$time'"; $sessions_result = $this->query($query); $newsession = $this->newsession_check($session_id,$sessions_result); while($sessions_array = mysql_fetch_array($sessions_result) AND $auth = FALSE) { $session_array = $this->strip($session_array); $auth = $this->auth_check($session_array,$session_id); } /* this is an authentic session. build queries and update it */ if($auth = TRUE AND $newsession = FALSE) { $session_data = mysql_real_escape_string($session_data); $update_query1 = "UPDATE 'sessions' SET 'user_ip' = '$user_ip' WHERE 'session_id' = '$session_id'"; $update_query2 = "UPDATE 'sessions' SET 'data' = '$session_data' WHERE 'session_id = '$session_id'"; $update_query3 = "UPDATE 'sessions' SET 'expires' = '$expires' WHERE 'session_id' = '$session_id'"; $this->query($update_query1); $this->query($update_query2); $this->query($update_query3); $bol = TRUE; } elseif($newsession = TRUE) { /* this is a new session, build and create it */ $random_number = $this->obtain_random(); $cookieval = hash("sha512",$random_number); setcookie("rndn",$cookieval); $query = "INSERT INTO sessions VALUES('$session_id','0','$user_ip','$random_number','$session_data','$expires')"; $this->query($query); //echo $cookieval."this is the cookie <<"; $bol = TRUE; } return $bol; }

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Is this a reasonable way to handle getters/setters in a PHP class?

- by Mark Biek

I'm going to try something with the format of this question and I'm very open to suggestions about a better way to handle it. I didn't want to just dump a bunch of code in the question so I've posted the code for the class on refactormycode. base-class-for-easy-class-property-handling My thought was that people can either post code snippets here or make changes on refactormycode and post links back to their refactorings. I'll make upvotes and accept an answer (assuming there's a clear "winner") based on that. At any rate, on to the class itself: I see a lot of debate about getter/setter class methods and is it better to just access simple property variables directly or should every class have explicit get/set methods defined, blah blah blah. I like the idea of having explicit methods in case you have to add more logic later. Then you don't have to modify any code that uses the class. However I hate having a million functions that look like this: public function getFirstName() { return $this->firstName; } public function setFirstName($firstName) { return $this->firstName; } Now I'm sure I'm not the first person to do this (I'm hoping that there's a better way of doing it that someone can suggest to me). Basically, the PropertyHandler class has a __call magic method. Any methods that come through __call that start with "get" or "set" are then routed to functions that set or retrieve values into an associative array. The key into the array is the name of the calling method after get or set. So, if the method coming into __call is "getFirstName", the array key is "FirstName". I liked using __call because it will automatically take care of the case where the subclass already has a "getFirstName" method defined. My impression (and I may be wrong) is that the __get & __set magic methods don't do that. So here's an example of how it would work: class PropTest extends PropertyHandler { public function __construct() { parent::__construct(); } } $props = new PropTest(); $props->setFirstName("Mark"); echo $props->getFirstName(); Notice that PropTest doesn't actually have "setFirstName" or "getFirstName" methods and neither does PropertyHandler. All that's doing is manipulating array values. The other case would be where your subclass is already extending something else. Since you can't have true multiple inheritance in PHP, you can make your subclass have a PropertyHandler instance as a private variable. You have to add one more function but then things behave in exactly the same way. class PropTest2 { private $props; public function __construct() { $this->props = new PropertyHandler(); } public function __call($method, $arguments) { return $this->props->__call($method, $arguments); } } $props2 = new PropTest2(); $props2->setFirstName('Mark'); echo $props2->getFirstName(); Notice how the subclass has a __call method that just passes everything along to the PropertyHandler __call method. Another good argument against handling getters and setters this way is that it makes it really hard to document. In fact, it's basically impossible to use any sort of document generation tool since the explicit methods to be don't documented don't exist. I've pretty much abandoned this approach for now. It was an interesting learning exercise but I think it sacrifices too much clarity.

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Optimizing JS Array Search

- by The.Anti.9

I am working on a Browser-based media player which is written almost entirely in HTML 5 and JavaScript. The backend is written in PHP but it has one function which is to fill the playlist on the initial load. And the rest is all JS. There is a search bar that refines the playlist. I want it to refine as the person is typing, like most media players do. The only problem with this is that it is very slow and laggy as there are about 1000 songs in the whole program and there is likely to be more as time goes on. The original playlist load is an ajax call to a PHP page that returns the results as JSON. Each item has 4 attirbutes: artist album file url I then loop through each object and add it to an array called playlist. At the end of the looping a copy of playlist is created, backup. This is so that I can refine the playlist variable when people refine their search, but still repopulated it from backup without making another server request. The method refine() is called when the user types a key into the searchbox. It flushes playlist and searches through each property (not including url) of each object in the backup array for a match in the string. If there is a match in any of the properties, it appends the information to a table that displays the playlist, and adds it to the object to playlist for access by the actual player. Code for the refine() method: function refine() { $('#loadinggif').show(); $('#library').html("<table id='libtable'><tr><th>Artist</th><th>Album</th><th>File</th><th> </th></tr></table>"); playlist = []; for (var j = 0; j < backup.length; j++) { var sfile = new String(backup[j].file); var salbum = new String(backup[j].album); var sartist = new String(backup[j].artist); if (sfile.toLowerCase().search($('#search').val().toLowerCase()) !== -1 || salbum.toLowerCase().search($('#search').val().toLowerCase()) !== -1 || sartist.toLowerCase().search($('#search').val().toLowerCase()) !== -1) { playlist.push(backup[j]); num = playlist.length-1; $("<tr></tr>").html("<td>" + num + "</td><td>" + sartist + "</td><td>" + salbum + "</td><td>" + sfile + "</td><td><a href='#' onclick='setplay(" + num +");'>Play</a></td>").appendTo('#libtable'); } } $('#loadinggif').hide(); } As I said before, for the first couple of letters typed, this is very slow and laggy. I am looking for ways to refine this to make it much faster and more smooth.

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PHP Form Automatic Submission

- by sex stevens

I need to create a PHP script that runs around the clock and re-submits a form without actually loading the form, just sending the same request over and over. I used a program called WireShark to record my packets and play them back using a packet player. This took two hours of troubleshooting and configuring. When everything finally worked, it turns out the end result was a dead end. The packets being sent did not affect anything. This code is what the script needs to resubmit: <a href="#" onclick="_('_tf11').value=15; return false;">(15)</a> <input type="image" id="btn_train" class="dynamic_img" value="ok" name="s1" src="assets/x.gif" alt="Training"> Okay, I know that here on stackoverflow you can't just ask people to do your work. The problem is that I don't even know where to start here. So please at least give me a direction, or a function name or a lead on how to be able to submit this form. Then I'll write a program and you guys can help me finish it if I will need help. here is what I made: The program: <?php //create array of data to be posted $post_data['tf[11]'] = '10000'; $post_data['s1'] = 'ok'; //traverse array and prepare data for posting (key1=value1) foreach ( $post_data as $key => $value) { $post_items[] = $key . '=' . $value; } //create the final string to be posted using implode() $post_string = implode ('&', $post_items); //create cURL connection $curl_connection = curl_init('http://crusadertrav.com/build.php?id=33'); //set options curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 30); curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"); curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); //set data to be posted curl_setopt($curl_connection, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_string); //perform our request $result = curl_exec($curl_connection); //show information regarding the request print_r(curl_getinfo($curl_connection)); echo curl_errno($curl_connection) . '-' . curl_error($curl_connection); //close the connection curl_close($curl_connection); ?> The forms: <input type="text" class="text" id="_tf11" name="tf[11]" value="0" maxlength="4"> <input type="image" id="btn_train" class="dynamic_img" value="ok" name="s1" src="assets/x.gif" alt="Training"> The result: Array ( [url] => http://crusadertrav.com/index.php [content_type] => text/html; charset=UTF-8 [http_code] => 200 [header_size] => 895 [request_size] => 350 [filetime] => -1 [ssl_verify_result] => 0 [redirect_count] => 1 [total_time] => 2.781 [namelookup_time] => 0 [connect_time] => 0.532 [pretransfer_time] => 0.532 [size_upload] => 0 [size_download] => 10655 [speed_download] => 3831 [speed_upload] => 0 [download_content_length] => 0 [upload_content_length] => 0 [starttransfer_time] => 0.954 [redirect_time] => 0.906 [certinfo] => Array ( ) [primary_ip] => 5.154.88.71 [primary_port] => 80 [local_ip] => 192.168.11.52 [local_port] => 3222 [redirect_url] => ) 0-

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Templates, interfaces (multiple inheritance) and static functions (named constructors)

- by fledgling Cxx user

Setup I have a graph library where I am trying to decompose things as much as possible, and the cleanest way to describe it that I found is the following: there is a vanilla type node implementing only a list of edges: class node { public: int* edges; int edge_count; }; Then, I would like to be able to add interfaces to this whole mix, like so: template <class T> class node_weight { public: T weight; }; template <class T> class node_position { public: T x; T y; }; and so on. Then, the actual graph class comes in, which is templated on the actual type of node: template <class node_T> class graph { protected: node_T* nodes; public: static graph cartesian(int n, int m) { graph r; r.nodes = new node_T[n * m]; return r; } }; The twist is that it has named constructors which construct some special graphs, like a Cartesian lattice. In this case, I would like to be able to add some extra information into the graph, depending on what interfaces are implemented by node_T. What would be the best way to accomplish this? Possible solution I thought of the following humble solution, through dynamic_cast<>: template <class node_T, class weight_T, class position_T> class graph { protected: node_T* nodes; public: static graph cartesian(int n, int m) { graph r; r.nodes = new node_T[n * m]; if (dynamic_cast<node_weight<weight_T>>(r.nodes[0]) != nullptr) { // do stuff knowing you can add weights } if (dynamic_cast<node_position<positionT>>(r.nodes[0]) != nullptr) { // do stuff knowing you can set position } return r; } }; which would operate on node_T being the following: template <class weight_T, class position_T> class node_weight_position : public node, public node_weight<weight_T>, public node_position<position_T> { // ... }; Questions Is this -- philosophically -- the right way to go? I know people don't look nicely at multiple inheritance, though with "interfaces" like these it should all be fine. There are unfortunately problems with this. From what I know at least, dynamic_cast<> involves quite a bit of run-time overhead. Hence, I run into a problem with what I had solved earlier: writing graph algorithms that require weights independently of whether the actual node_T class has weights or not. The solution with this 'interface' approach would be to write a function: template <class node_T, class weight_T> inline weight_T get_weight(node_T const & n) { if (dynamic_cast<node_weight<weight_T>>(n) != nullptr) { return dynamic_cast<node_weight<weight_T>>(n).weight; } return T(1); } but the issue with it is that it works using run-time information (dynamic_cast), yet in principle I would like to decide it at compile-time and thus make the code more efficient. If there is a different solution that would solve both problems, especially a cleaner and better one than what I have, I would love to hear about it!

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Override `drop` for a custom sequence

- by Bruno Reis

In short: in Clojure, is there a way to redefine a function from the standard sequence API (which is not defined on any interface like ISeq, IndexedSeq, etc) on a custom sequence type I wrote? 1. Huge data files I have big files in the following format: A long (8 bytes) containing the number n of entries n entries, each one being composed of 3 longs (ie, 24 bytes) 2. Custom sequence I want to have a sequence on these entries. Since I cannot usually hold all the data in memory at once, and I want fast sequential access on it, I wrote a class similar to the following: (deftype DataSeq [id ^long cnt ^long i cached-seq] clojure.lang.IndexedSeq (index [_] i) (count [_] (- cnt i)) (seq [this] this) (first [_] (first cached-seq)) (more [this] (if-let [s (next this)] s '())) (next [_] (if (not= (inc i) cnt) (if (next cached-seq) (DataSeq. id cnt (inc i) (next cached-seq)) (DataSeq. id cnt (inc i) (with-open [f (open-data-file id)] ; open a memory mapped byte array on the file ; seek to the exact position to begin reading ; decide on an optimal amount of data to read ; eagerly read and return that amount of data )))))) The main idea is to read ahead a bunch of entries in a list and then consume from that list. Whenever the cache is completely consumed, if there are remaining entries, they are read from the file in a new cache list. Simple as that. To create an instance of such a sequence, I use a very simple function like: (defn ^DataSeq load-data [id] (next (DataSeq. id (count-entries id) -1 []))) ; count-entries is a trivial "open file and read a long" memoized As you can see, the format of the data allowed me to implement count in very simply and efficiently. 3. drop could be O(1) In the same spirit, I'd like to reimplement drop. The format of these data files allows me to reimplement drop in O(1) (instead of the standard O(n)), as follows: if dropping less then the remaining cached items, just drop the same amount from the cache and done; if dropping more than cnt, then just return the empty list. otherwise, just figure out the position in the data file, jump right into that position, and read data from there. My difficulty is that drop is not implemented in the same way as count, first, seq, etc. The latter functions call a similarly named static method in RT which, in turn, calls my implementation above, while the former, drop, does not check if the instance of the sequence it is being called on provides a custom implementation. Obviously, I could provide a function named anything but drop that does exactly what I want, but that would force other people (including my future self) to remember to use it instead of drop every single time, which sucks. So, the question is: is it possible to override the default behaviour of drop? 4. A workaround (I dislike) While writing this question, I've just figured out a possible workaround: make the reading even lazier. The custom sequence would just keep an index and postpone the reading operation, that would happen only when first was called. The problem is that I'd need some mutable state: the first call to first would cause some data to be read into a cache, all the subsequent calls would return data from this cache. There would be a similar logic on next: if there's a cache, just next it; otherwise, don't bother populating it -- it will be done when first is called again. This would avoid unnecessary disk reads. However, this is still less than optimal -- it is still O(n), and it could easily be O(1). Anyways, I don't like this workaround, and my question is still open. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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Zend models and database relathionships

- by user608341

Hi people, i'm starting with Zend Framework and I'm a little bit confused with models and relathionships (one-to-many, many-to-many etc). The "Zend Framework Quick Start" says to create a Zend_Db_Table, a Data Mapper and finally our model class Suppose we have a database like this: table A ( id integer primary key, name varchar(50) ); table B ( id integer primary key, a_id integer references A ); then, i'll create: Application_Model_DbTable_A extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract, Application_Model_AMapper, Application_Model_A, Application_Model_DbTable_B extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract, Application_Model_BMapper, Application_Model_B, if I understood, i've to store the references informations in Application_Model_DbTable_A: protected $_dependentTables = array('B'); and Application_Model_DbTable_B: protected $_referenceMap = array( 'A' => array( 'columns' => array('a_id'), 'refTableClass' => 'A', 'refColums' => array('id') ) ); and my models class: class Application_Model_A { protected $_id; protected $_name; public function __construct(array $options = null) { if(is_array($options)) { $this->setOptions($options); } } public function __set($name, $value) { $method = 'set' . $name; if (('mapper' == $name) || !method_exists($this, $method)) { throw new Exception('Invalid property'); } $this->$method($value); } public function __get($name) { $method = 'get' . $name; if (('mapper' == $name) || !method_exists($this, $method)) { throw new Exception('Invalid property'); } return $this->$method(); } public function setOptions(array $options) { $methods = get_class_methods($this); foreach ($options as $key => $value) { $method = 'set' . ucfirst($key); if (in_array($method, $methods)) { $this->$method($value); } } return $this; } public function setName($name) { $this->_name = (string) $name; return $this; } public function getName() { return $this->_name; } public function setId($id) { $this->_id = (int) $id; return $this; } public function getId() { return $this->_id; } class Application_Model_B { protected $_id; protected $_a_id; public function __construct(array $options = null) { if(is_array($options)) { $this->setOptions($options); } } public function __set($name, $value) { $method = 'set' . $name; if (('mapper' == $name) || !method_exists($this, $method)) { throw new Exception('Invalid property'); } $this->$method($value); } public function __get($name) { $method = 'get' . $name; if (('mapper' == $name) || !method_exists($this, $method)) { throw new Exception('Invalid property'); } return $this->$method(); } public function setOptions(array $options) { $methods = get_class_methods($this); foreach ($options as $key => $value) { $method = 'set' . ucfirst($key); if (in_array($method, $methods)) { $this->$method($value); } } return $this; } public function setA_id($a_id) { $this->_a_id = (int) $a_id; return $this; } public function getA_id() { return $this->_a_id; } public function setId($id) { $this->_id = (int) $id; return $this; } public function getId() { return $this->_id; } it's that right?

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Android - HorizontalScrollView within ScrollView Touch Handling

- by Joel

Hi, I have a ScrollView that surrounds my entire layout so that the entire screen is scrollable. The first element I have in this ScrollView is a HorizontalScrollView block that has features that can be scrolled through horizontally. I've added an ontouchlistener to the horizontalscrollview to handle touch events and force the view to "snap" to the closest image on the ACTION_UP event. So the effect I'm going for is like the stock android homescreen where you can scroll from one to the other and it snaps to one screen when you lift your finger. This all works great except for one problem: I need to swipe left to right almost perfectly horizontally for an ACTION_UP to ever register. If I swipe vertically in the very least (which I think many people tend to do on their phones when swiping side to side), I will receive an ACTION_CANCEL instead of an ACTION_UP. My theory is that this is because the horizontalscrollview is within a scrollview, and the scrollview is hijacking the vertical touch to allow for vertical scrolling. How can I disable the touch events for the scrollview from just within my horizontal scrollview, but still allow for normal vertical scrolling elsewhere in the scrollview? Here's a sample of my code: public class HomeFeatureLayout extends HorizontalScrollView { private ArrayList<ListItem> items = null; private GestureDetector gestureDetector; View.OnTouchListener gestureListener; private static final int SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE = 5; private static final int SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY = 300; private int activeFeature = 0; public HomeFeatureLayout(Context context, ArrayList<ListItem> items){ super(context); setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)); setFadingEdgeLength(0); this.setHorizontalScrollBarEnabled(false); this.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false); LinearLayout internalWrapper = new LinearLayout(context); internalWrapper.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT)); internalWrapper.setOrientation(LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL); addView(internalWrapper); this.items = items; for(int i = 0; i< items.size();i++){ LinearLayout featureLayout = (LinearLayout) View.inflate(this.getContext(),R.layout.homefeature,null); TextView header = (TextView) featureLayout.findViewById(R.id.featureheader); ImageView image = (ImageView) featureLayout.findViewById(R.id.featureimage); TextView title = (TextView) featureLayout.findViewById(R.id.featuretitle); title.setTag(items.get(i).GetLinkURL()); TextView date = (TextView) featureLayout.findViewById(R.id.featuredate); header.setText("FEATURED"); Image cachedImage = new Image(this.getContext(), items.get(i).GetImageURL()); image.setImageDrawable(cachedImage.getImage()); title.setText(items.get(i).GetTitle()); date.setText(items.get(i).GetDate()); internalWrapper.addView(featureLayout); } gestureDetector = new GestureDetector(new MyGestureDetector()); setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) { if (gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)) { return true; } else if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP || event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ){ int scrollX = getScrollX(); int featureWidth = getMeasuredWidth(); activeFeature = ((scrollX + (featureWidth/2))/featureWidth); int scrollTo = activeFeature*featureWidth; smoothScrollTo(scrollTo, 0); return true; } else{ return false; } } }); } class MyGestureDetector extends SimpleOnGestureListener { @Override public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float velocityX, float velocityY) { try { //right to left if(e1.getX() - e2.getX() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityX) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { activeFeature = (activeFeature < (items.size() - 1))? activeFeature + 1:items.size() -1; smoothScrollTo(activeFeature*getMeasuredWidth(), 0); return true; } //left to right else if (e2.getX() - e1.getX() > SWIPE_MIN_DISTANCE && Math.abs(velocityX) > SWIPE_THRESHOLD_VELOCITY) { activeFeature = (activeFeature > 0)? activeFeature - 1:0; smoothScrollTo(activeFeature*getMeasuredWidth(), 0); return true; } } catch (Exception e) { // nothing } return false; } } }

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.NET HTML Sanitation for rich HTML Input

- by Rick Strahl

Recently I was working on updating a legacy application to MVC 4 that included free form text input. When I set up the new site my initial approach was to not allow any rich HTML input, only simple text formatting that would respect a few simple HTML commands for bold, lists etc. and automatically handles line break processing for new lines and paragraphs. This is typical for what I do with most multi-line text input in my apps and it works very well with very little development effort involved. Then the client sprung another note: Oh by the way we have a bunch of customers (real estate agents) who need to post complete HTML documents. Oh uh! There goes the simple theory. After some discussion and pleading on my part (<snicker>) to try and avoid this type of raw HTML input because of potential XSS issues, the client decided to go ahead and allow raw HTML input anyway. There has been lots of discussions on this subject on StackOverFlow (and here and here) but to after reading through some of the solutions I didn't really find anything that would work even closely for what I needed. Specifically we need to be able to allow just about any HTML markup, with the exception of script code. Remote CSS and Images need to be loaded, links need to work and so. While the 'legit' HTML posted by these agents is basic in nature it does span most of the full gamut of HTML (4). Most of the solutions XSS prevention/sanitizer solutions I found were way to aggressive and rendered the posted output unusable mostly because they tend to strip any externally loaded content. In short I needed a custom solution. I thought the best solution to this would be to use an HTML parser - in this case the Html Agility Pack - and then to run through all the HTML markup provided and remove any of the blacklisted tags and a number of attributes that are prone to JavaScript injection. There's much discussion on whether to use blacklists vs. whitelists in the discussions mentioned above, but I found that whitelists can make sense in simple scenarios where you might allow manual HTML input, but when you need to allow a larger array of HTML functionality a blacklist is probably easier to manage as the vast majority of elements and attributes could be allowed. Also white listing gets a bit more complex with HTML5 and the new proliferation of new HTML tags and most new tags generally don't affect XSS issues directly. Pure whitelisting based on elements and attributes also doesn't capture many edge cases (see some of the XSS cheat sheets listed below) so even with a white list, custom logic is still required to handle many of those edge cases. The Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXSS) My first thought was to check out the Microsoft AntiXSS library. Microsoft has an HTML Encoding and Sanitation library in the Microsoft Web Protection Library (formerly AntiXSS Library) on CodePlex, which provides stricter functions for whitelist encoding and sanitation. Initially I thought the Sanitation class and its static members would do the trick for me,but I found that this library is way too restrictive for my needs. Specifically the Sanitation class strips out images and links which rendered the full HTML from our real estate clients completely useless. I didn't spend much time with it, but apparently I'm not alone if feeling this library is not really useful without some way to configure operation. To give you an example of what didn't work for me with the library here's a small and simple HTML fragment that includes script, img and anchor tags. I would expect the script to be stripped and everything else to be left intact. Here's the original HTML:var value = "<b>Here</b> <script>alert('hello')</script> we go. Visit the " + "<a href='http://west-wind.com'>West Wind</a> site. " + "<img src='http://west-wind.com/images/new.gif' /> " ; and the code to sanitize it with the AntiXSS Sanitize class:@Html.Raw(Microsoft.Security.Application.Sanitizer.GetSafeHtmlFragment(value)) This produced a not so useful sanitized string: Here we go. Visit the <a>West Wind</a> site. While it removed the <script> tag (good) it also removed the href from the link and the image tag altogether (bad). In some situations this might be useful, but for most tasks I doubt this is the desired behavior. While links can contain javascript: references and images can 'broadcast' information to a server, without configuration to tell the library what to restrict this becomes useless to me. I couldn't find any way to customize the white list, nor is there code available in this 'open source' library on CodePlex. Using Html Agility Pack for HTML Parsing The WPL library wasn't going to cut it. After doing a bit of research I decided the best approach for a custom solution would be to use an HTML parser and inspect the HTML fragment/document I'm trying to import. I've used the HTML Agility Pack before for a number of apps where I needed an HTML parser without requiring an instance of a full browser like the Internet Explorer Application object which is inadequate in Web apps. In case you haven't checked out the Html Agility Pack before, it's a powerful HTML parser library that you can use from your .NET code. It provides a simple, parsable HTML DOM model to full HTML documents or HTML fragments that let you walk through each of the elements in your document. If you've used the HTML or XML DOM in a browser before you'll feel right at home with the Agility Pack. Blacklist based HTML Parsing to strip XSS Code For my purposes of HTML sanitation, the process involved is to walk the HTML document one element at a time and then check each element and attribute against a blacklist. There's quite a bit of argument of what's better: A whitelist of allowed items or a blacklist of denied items. While whitelists tend to be more secure, they also require a lot more configuration. In the case of HTML5 a whitelist could be very extensive. For what I need, I only want to ensure that no JavaScript is executed, so a blacklist includes the obvious <script> tag plus any tag that allows loading of external content including <iframe>, <object>, <embed> and <link> etc. <form> is also excluded to avoid posting content to a different location. I also disallow <head> and <meta> tags in particular for my case, since I'm only allowing posting of HTML fragments. There is also some internal logic to exclude some attributes or attributes that include references to JavaScript or CSS expressions. The default tag blacklist reflects my use case, but is customizable and can be added to. Here's my HtmlSanitizer implementation:using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using HtmlAgilityPack; namespace Westwind.Web.Utilities { public class HtmlSanitizer { public HashSet<string> BlackList = new HashSet<string>() { { "script" }, { "iframe" }, { "form" }, { "object" }, { "embed" }, { "link" }, { "head" }, { "meta" } }; /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string and removes HTML tags in blacklist /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SanitizeHtml(string html, params string[] blackList) { var sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer(); if (blackList != null && blackList.Length > 0) { sanitizer.BlackList.Clear(); foreach (string item in blackList) sanitizer.BlackList.Add(item); } return sanitizer.Sanitize(html); } /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string by removing elements /// on the blacklist and all elements that start /// with onXXX . /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string Sanitize(string html) { var doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); SanitizeHtmlNode(doc.DocumentNode); //return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); string output = null; // Use an XmlTextWriter to create self-closing tags using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { XmlWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw); doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(writer); output = sw.ToString(); // strip off XML doc header if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(output)) { int at = output.IndexOf("?>"); output = output.Substring(at + 2); } writer.Close(); } doc = null; return output; } private void SanitizeHtmlNode(HtmlNode node) { if (node.NodeType == HtmlNodeType.Element) { // check for blacklist items and remove if (BlackList.Contains(node.Name)) { node.Remove(); return; } // remove CSS Expressions and embedded script links if (node.Name == "style") { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(node.InnerText)) { if (node.InnerHtml.Contains("expression") || node.InnerHtml.Contains("javascript:")) node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node); } } // remove script attributes if (node.HasAttributes) { for (int i = node.Attributes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HtmlAttribute currentAttribute = node.Attributes[i]; var attr = currentAttribute.Name.ToLower(); var val = currentAttribute.Value.ToLower(); span style="background: white; color: green">// remove event handlers if (attr.StartsWith("on")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // remove script links else if ( //(attr == "href" || attr== "src" || attr == "dynsrc" || attr == "lowsrc") && val != null && val.Contains("javascript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // Remove CSS Expressions else if (attr == "style" && val != null && val.Contains("expression") || val.Contains("javascript:") || val.Contains("vbscript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); } } } // Look through child nodes recursively if (node.HasChildNodes) { for (int i = node.ChildNodes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { SanitizeHtmlNode(node.ChildNodes[i]); } } } } } Please note: Use this as a starting point only for your own parsing and review the code for your specific use case! If your needs are less lenient than mine were you can you can make this much stricter by not allowing src and href attributes or CSS links if your HTML doesn't allow it. You can also check links for external URLs and disallow those - lots of options. The code is simple enough to make it easy to extend to fit your use cases more specifically. It's also quite easy to make this code work using a WhiteList approach if you want to go that route. The code above is semi-generic for allowing full featured HTML fragments that only disallow script related content. The Sanitize method walks through each node of the document and then recursively drills into all of its children until the entire document has been traversed. Note that the code here uses an XmlTextWriter to write output - this is done to preserve XHTML style self-closing tags which are otherwise left as non-self-closing tags. The sanitizer code scans for blacklist elements and removes those elements not allowed. Note that the blacklist is configurable either in the instance class as a property or in the static method via the string parameter list. Additionally the code goes through each element's attributes and looks for a host of rules gleaned from some of the XSS cheat sheets listed at the end of the post. Clearly there are a lot more XSS vulnerabilities, but a lot of them apply to ancient browsers (IE6 and versions of Netscape) - many of these glaring holes (like CSS expressions - WTF IE?) have been removed in modern browsers. What a Pain To be honest this is NOT a piece of code that I wanted to write. I think building anything related to XSS is better left to people who have far more knowledge of the topic than I do. Unfortunately, I was unable to find a tool that worked even closely for me, or even provided a working base. For the project I was working on I had no choice and I'm sharing the code here merely as a base line to start with and potentially expand on for specific needs. It's sad that Microsoft Web Protection Library is currently such a train wreck - this is really something that should come from Microsoft as the systems vendor or possibly a third party that provides security tools. Luckily for my application we are dealing with a authenticated and validated users so the user base is fairly well known, and relatively small - this is not a wide open Internet application that's directly public facing. As I mentioned earlier in the post, if I had my way I would simply not allow this type of raw HTML input in the first place, and instead rely on a more controlled HTML input mechanism like MarkDown or even a good HTML Edit control that can provide some limits on what types of input are allowed. Alas in this case I was overridden and we had to go forward and allow *any* raw HTML posted. Sometimes I really feel sad that it's come this far - how many good applications and tools have been thwarted by fear of XSS (or worse) attacks? So many things that could be done *if* we had a more secure browser experience and didn't have to deal with every little script twerp trying to hack into Web pages and obscure browser bugs. So much time wasted building secure apps, so much time wasted by others trying to hack apps… We're a funny species - no other species manages to waste as much time, effort and resources as we humans do :-) Resources Code on GitHub Html Agility Pack XSS Cheat Sheet XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXss) StackOverflow Links: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/341872/html-sanitizer-for-net http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2008/06/safe-html-and-xss/ http://code.google.com/p/subsonicforums/source/browse/trunk/SubSonic.Forums.Data/HtmlScrubber.cs?r=61© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Security HTML ASP.NET JavaScript Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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Using an alternate JSON Serializer in ASP.NET Web API

- by Rick Strahl

The new ASP.NET Web API that Microsoft released alongside MVC 4.0 Beta last week is a great framework for building REST and AJAX APIs. I've been working with it for quite a while now and I really like the way it works and the complete set of features it provides 'in the box'. It's about time that Microsoft gets a decent API for building generic HTTP endpoints into the framework. DataContractJsonSerializer sucks As nice as Web API's overall design is one thing still sucks: The built-in JSON Serialization uses the DataContractJsonSerializer which is just too limiting for many scenarios. The biggest issues I have with it are: No support for untyped values (object, dynamic, Anonymous Types) MS AJAX style Date Formatting Ugly serialization formats for types like Dictionaries To me the most serious issue is dealing with serialization of untyped objects. I have number of applications with AJAX front ends that dynamically reformat data from business objects to fit a specific message format that certain UI components require. The most common scenario I have there are IEnumerable query results from a database with fields from the result set rearranged to fit the sometimes unconventional formats required for the UI components (like jqGrid for example). Creating custom types to fit these messages seems like overkill and projections using Linq makes this much easier to code up. Alas DataContractJsonSerializer doesn't support it. Neither does DataContractSerializer for XML output for that matter. What this means is that you can't do stuff like this in Web API out of the box:public object GetAnonymousType() { return new { name = "Rick", company = "West Wind", entered= DateTime.Now }; } Basically anything that doesn't have an explicit type DataContractJsonSerializer will not let you return. FWIW, the same is true for XmlSerializer which also doesn't work with non-typed values for serialization. The example above is obviously contrived with a hardcoded object graph, but it's not uncommon to get dynamic values returned from queries that have anonymous types for their result projections. Apparently there's a good possibility that Microsoft will ship Json.NET as part of Web API RTM release. Scott Hanselman confirmed this as a footnote in his JSON Dates post a few days ago. I've heard several other people from Microsoft confirm that Json.NET will be included and be the default JSON serializer, but no details yet in what capacity it will show up. Let's hope it ends up as the default in the box. Meanwhile this post will show you how you can use it today with the beta and get JSON that matches what you should see in the RTM version. What about JsonValue? To be fair Web API DOES include a new JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray type that allow you to address some of these scenarios. JsonValue is a new type in the System.Json assembly that can be used to build up an object graph based on a dictionary. It's actually a really cool implementation of a dynamic type that allows you to create an object graph and spit it out to JSON without having to create .NET type first. JsonValue can also receive a JSON string and parse it without having to actually load it into a .NET type (which is something that's been missing in the core framework). This is really useful if you get a JSON result from an arbitrary service and you don't want to explicitly create a mapping type for the data returned. For serialization you can create an object structure on the fly and pass it back as part of an Web API action method like this:public JsonValue GetJsonValue() { dynamic json = new JsonObject(); json.name = "Rick"; json.company = "West Wind"; json.entered = DateTime.Now; dynamic address = new JsonObject(); address.street = "32 Kaiea"; address.zip = "96779"; json.address = address; dynamic phones = new JsonArray(); json.phoneNumbers = phones; dynamic phone = new JsonObject(); phone.type = "Home"; phone.number = "808 123-1233"; phones.Add(phone); phone = new JsonObject(); phone.type = "Home"; phone.number = "808 123-1233"; phones.Add(phone); //var jsonString = json.ToString(); return json; } which produces the following output (formatted here for easier reading):{ name: "rick", company: "West Wind", entered: "2012-03-08T15:33:19.673-10:00", address: { street: "32 Kaiea", zip: "96779" }, phoneNumbers: [ { type: "Home", number: "808 123-1233" }, { type: "Mobile", number: "808 123-1234" }] } If you need to build a simple JSON type on the fly these types work great. But if you have an existing type - or worse a query result/list that's already formatted JsonValue et al. become a pain to work with. As far as I can see there's no way to just throw an object instance at JsonValue and have it convert into JsonValue dictionary. It's a manual process. Using alternate Serializers in Web API So, currently the default serializer in WebAPI is DataContractJsonSeriaizer and I don't like it. You may not either, but luckily you can swap the serializer fairly easily. If you'd rather use the JavaScriptSerializer built into System.Web.Extensions or Json.NET today, it's not too difficult to create a custom MediaTypeFormatter that uses these serializers and can replace or partially replace the native serializer. Here's a MediaTypeFormatter implementation using the ASP.NET JavaScriptSerializer:using System; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using System.Json; using System.IO; namespace Westwind.Web.WebApi { public class JavaScriptSerializerFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter { public JavaScriptSerializerFormatter() { SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); } protected override bool CanWriteType(Type type) { // don't serialize JsonValue structure use default for that if (type == typeof(JsonValue) || type == typeof(JsonObject) || type== typeof(JsonArray) ) return false; return true; } protected override bool CanReadType(Type type) { if (type == typeof(IKeyValueModel)) return false; return true; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Taskobject OnReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext) { var task = Taskobject.Factory.StartNew(() = { var ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); string json; using (var sr = new StreamReader(stream)) { json = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); } object val = ser.Deserialize(json,type); return val; }); return task; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Task OnWriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext, System.Net.TransportContext transportContext) { var task = Task.Factory.StartNew( () = { var ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var json = ser.Serialize(value); byte[] buf = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(json); stream.Write(buf,0,buf.Length); stream.Flush(); }); return task; } } } Formatter implementation is pretty simple: You override 4 methods to tell which types you can handle and then handle the input or output streams to create/parse the JSON data. Note that when creating output you want to take care to still allow JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray types to be handled by the default serializer so those objects serialize properly - if you let either JavaScriptSerializer or JSON.NET handle them they'd try to render the dictionaries which is very undesirable. If you'd rather use Json.NET here's the JSON.NET version of the formatter:// this code requires a reference to JSON.NET in your project #if true using System; using System.Net.Http.Formatting; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using System.Json; using Newtonsoft.Json; using System.IO; using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters; namespace Westwind.Web.WebApi { public class JsonNetFormatter : MediaTypeFormatter { public JsonNetFormatter() { SupportedMediaTypes.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); } protected override bool CanWriteType(Type type) { // don't serialize JsonValue structure use default for that if (type == typeof(JsonValue) || type == typeof(JsonObject) || type == typeof(JsonArray)) return false; return true; } protected override bool CanReadType(Type type) { if (type == typeof(IKeyValueModel)) return false; return true; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Taskobject OnReadFromStreamAsync(Type type, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext) { var task = Taskobject.Factory.StartNew(() = { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings() { NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore, }; var sr = new StreamReader(stream); var jreader = new JsonTextReader(sr); var ser = new JsonSerializer(); ser.Converters.Add(new IsoDateTimeConverter()); object val = ser.Deserialize(jreader, type); return val; }); return task; } protected override System.Threading.Tasks.Task OnWriteToStreamAsync(Type type, object value, System.IO.Stream stream, System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders contentHeaders, FormatterContext formatterContext, System.Net.TransportContext transportContext) { var task = Task.Factory.StartNew( () = { var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings() { NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore, }; string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value, Formatting.Indented, new JsonConverter[1] { new IsoDateTimeConverter() } ); byte[] buf = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(json); stream.Write(buf,0,buf.Length); stream.Flush(); }); return task; } } } #endif One advantage of the Json.NET serializer is that you can specify a few options on how things are formatted and handled. You get null value handling and you can plug in the IsoDateTimeConverter which is nice to product proper ISO dates that I would expect any Json serializer to output these days. Hooking up the Formatters Once you've created the custom formatters you need to enable them for your Web API application. To do this use the GlobalConfiguration.Configuration object and add the formatter to the Formatters collection. Here's what this looks like hooked up from Application_Start in a Web project:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Action based routing (used for RPC calls) RouteTable.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "StockApi", routeTemplate: "stocks/{action}/{symbol}", defaults: new { symbol = RouteParameter.Optional, controller = "StockApi" } ); // WebApi Configuration to hook up formatters and message handlers // optional RegisterApis(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); } public static void RegisterApis(HttpConfiguration config) { // Add JavaScriptSerializer formatter instead - add at top to make default //config.Formatters.Insert(0, new JavaScriptSerializerFormatter()); // Add Json.net formatter - add at the top so it fires first! // This leaves the old one in place so JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray still are handled config.Formatters.Insert(0, new JsonNetFormatter()); } One thing to remember here is the GlobalConfiguration object which is Web API's static configuration instance. I think this thing is seriously misnamed given that GlobalConfiguration could stand for anything and so is hard to discover if you don't know what you're looking for. How about WebApiConfiguration or something more descriptive? Anyway, once you know what it is you can use the Formatters collection to insert your custom formatter. Note that I insert my formatter at the top of the list so it takes precedence over the default formatter. I also am not removing the old formatter because I still want JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray to be handled by the default serialization mechanism. Since they process in sequence and I exclude processing for these types JsonValue et al. still get properly serialized/deserialized. Summary Currently DataContractJsonSerializer in Web API is a pain, but at least we have the ability with relatively limited effort to replace the MediaTypeFormatter and plug in our own JSON serializer. This is useful for many scenarios - if you have existing client applications that used MVC JsonResult or ASP.NET AJAX results from ASMX AJAX services you can plug in the JavaScript serializer and get exactly the same serializer you used in the past so your results will be the same and don't potentially break clients. JSON serializers do vary a bit in how they serialize some of the more complex types (like Dictionaries and dates for example) and so if you're migrating it might be helpful to ensure your client code doesn't break when you switch to ASP.NET Web API. Going forward it looks like Microsoft is planning on plugging in Json.Net into Web API and make that the default. I think that's an awesome choice since Json.net has been around forever, is fast and easy to use and provides a ton of functionality as part of this great library. I just wish Microsoft would have figured this out sooner instead of now at the last minute integrating with it especially given that Json.Net has a similar set of lower level JSON objects JsonValue/JsonObject etc. which now will end up being duplicated by the native System.Json stuff. It's not like we don't already have enough confusion regarding which JSON serializer to use (JavaScriptSerializer, DataContractJsonSerializer, JsonValue/JsonObject/JsonArray and now Json.net). For years I've been using my own JSON serializer because the built in choices are both limited. However, with an official encorsement of Json.Net I'm happily moving on to use that in my applications. Let's see and hope Microsoft gets this right before ASP.NET Web API goes gold.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api AJAX ASP.NET Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g: Configuring SSL

- by Simon Thorpe

Quick guide to Oracle IRM 11g index So far in this guide we have an IRM Server up and running, however I skipped over SSL configuration in the previous article because I wanted to focus in more detail now. You can, if you wish, not bother with setting up SSL, but considering this is a security technology it is worthwhile doing. Contents Setting up a one way, self signed SSL certificate in WebLogic Setting up an official SSL certificate in Apache 2.x Configuring Apache to proxy traffic to the IRM server There are two common scenarios in which an Oracle IRM server is configured. For a development or evaluation system, people usually communicate directly to the WebLogic Server running the IRM service. However in a production environment and for some proof of concept evaluations that require a setup reflecting a production system, the traffic to the IRM server travels via a web server proxy, commonly Apache. In this guide we are building an Oracle Enterprise Linux based IRM service and this article will go over the configuration of SSL in WebLogic and also in Apache. Like in the past articles, we are going to use two host names in the configuration below,irm.company.com will refer to the public Apache server irm.company.internal will refer to the internal WebLogic IRM server Setting up a one way, self signed SSL certificate in WebLogic First lets look at creating just a simple self signed SSL certificate to be used in WebLogic. This is a quick and easy way to get SSL working in your environment, however the downside is that no browsers are going to trust this certificate you create and you'll need to manually install the certificate onto any machine's communicating with the server. This is fine for development or when you have only a few users evaluating the system, but for any significant use it's usually better to have a fully trusted certificate in use and I explain that in the next section. But for now lets go through creating, installing and testing a self signed certificate. We use a library in Java to create the certificates, open a console and running the following commands. Note you should choose your own secure passwords whenever you see password below. [oracle@irm /] source /oracle/middleware/wlserver_10.3/server/bin/setWLSEnv.sh [oracle@irm /] cd /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/ [oracle@irm /] java utils.CertGen -selfsigned -certfile MyOwnSelfCA.cer -keyfile MyOwnSelfKey.key -keyfilepass password -cn "irm.oracle.demo" [oracle@irm /] java utils.ImportPrivateKey -keystore MyOwnIdentityStore.jks -storepass password -keypass password -alias trustself -certfile MyOwnSelfCA.cer.pem -keyfile MyOwnSelfKey.key.pem -keyfilepass password [oracle@irm /] keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias trustself -keystore TrustMyOwnSelf.jks -file MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der -keyalg RSA We now have two Java Key Stores, MyOwnIdentityStore.jks and TrustMyOwnSelf.jks. These contain keys and certificates which we will use in WebLogic Server. Now we need to tell the IRM server to use these stores when setting up SSL connections for incoming requests. Make sure the Admin server is running and login into the WebLogic Console at http://irm.company.intranet:7001/console and do the following; In the menu on the left, select the + next to Environment to expose the submenu, then click on Servers. You will see two servers in the list, AdminServer(admin) and IRM_server1. If the IRM server is running, shut it down either by hitting CONTROL + C in the console window it was started from, or you can switch to the CONTROL tab, select IRM_server1 and then select the Shutdown menu and then Force Shutdown Now. In the Configuration tab select IRM_server1 and switch to the Keystores tab. By default WebLogic Server uses it's own demo identity and trust. We are now going to switch to the self signed one's we've just created. So select the Change button and switch to Custom Identity and Custom Trust and hit save. Now we have to complete the resulting fields, the setting's i've used in my evaluation server are below. IdentityCustom Identity Keystore: /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/MyOwnIdentityStore.jks Custom Identity Keystore Type: JKS Custom Identity Keystore Passphrase: password Confirm Custom Identity Keystore Passphrase: password TrustCustom Trust Keystore: /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/config/fmwconfig/TrustMyOwnSelf.jks Custom Trust Keystore Type: JKS Custom Trust Keystore Passphrase: password Confirm Custom Trust Keystore Passphrase: password Now click on the SSL tab for the IRM_server1 and enter in the alias and passphrase, in my demo here the details are; IdentityPrivate Key Alias: trustself Private Key Passphrase: password Confirm Private Key Passphrase: password And hit save. Now lets test a connection to the IRM server over HTTPS using SSL. Go back to a console window and start the IRM server, a quick reminder on how to do this is... [oracle@irm /] cd /oracle/middleware/user_projects/domains/irm_domain/bin [oracle@irm /] ./startManagedWeblogic IRM_server1 Once running, open a browser and head to the SSL port of the server. By default the IRM server will be listening on the URL https://irm.company.intranet:16101/irm_rights. Note in the example image on the right the port is 7002 because it's a system that has the IRM services installed on the Admin server, this isn't typical (or advisable). Your system is going to have a separate managed server which will be listening on port 16101. Once you open this address you will notice that your browser is going to complain that the server certificate is untrusted. The images on the right show how Firefox displays this error. You are going to be prompted every time you create a new SSL session with the server, both from the browser and more annoyingly from the IRM Desktop. If you plan on always using a self signed certificate, it is worth adding it to the Windows certificate store so that when you are accessing sealed content you do not keep being informed this certificate is not trusted. Follow these instructions (which are for Internet Explorer 8, they may vary for your version of IE.) Start Internet Explorer and open the URL to your IRM server over SSL, e.g. https://irm.company.intranet:16101/irm_rights. IE will complain that about the certificate, click on Continue to this website (not recommended). From the IE Tools menu select Internet Options and from the resulting dialog select Security and then click on Trusted Sites and then the Sites button. Add to the list of trusted sites a URL which mates the server you are accessing, e.g. https://irm.company.intranet/ and select OK. Now refresh the page you were accessing and next to the URL you should see a red cross and the words Certificate Error. Click on this button and select View Certificates. You will now see a dialog with the details of the self signed certificate and the Install Certificate... button should be enabled. Click on this to start the wizard. Click next and you'll be asked where you should install the certificate. Change the option to Place all certificates in the following store. Select browse and choose the Trusted Root Certification Authorities location and hit OK. You'll then be prompted to install the certificate and answer yes. You also need to import the root signed certificate into the same location, so once again select the red Certificate Error option and this time when viewing the certificate, switch to the Certification Path tab and you should see a CertGenCAB certificate. Select this and then click on View Certificate and go through the same process as above to import the certificate into the store. Finally close all instances of the IE browser and re-access the IRM server URL again, this time you should not receive any errors. Setting up an official SSL certificate in Apache 2.x At this point we now have an IRM server that you can communicate with over SSL. However this certificate isn't trusted by any browser because it's path of trust doesn't end in a recognized certificate authority (CA). Also you are communicating directly to the WebLogic Server over a non standard SSL port, 16101. In a production environment it is common to have another device handle the initial public internet traffic and then proxy this to the WebLogic server. The diagram below shows a very simplified view of this type of deployment. What i'm going to walk through next is configuring Apache to proxy traffic to a WebLogic server and also to use a real SSL certificate from an official CA. First step is to configure Apache to handle incoming requests over SSL. In this guide I am configuring the IRM service in Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 update 3 and Apache 2.2.3 which came with OpenSSL and mod_ssl components. Before I purchase an SSL certificate, I need to generate a certificate request from the server. Oracle.com uses Verisign and for my own personal needs I use cheaper certificates from GoDaddy. The following instructions are specific to Apache, but there are many references out there for other web servers. For Apache I have OpenSSL and the commands are; [oracle@irm /] cd /usr/bin [oracle@irm bin] openssl genrsa -des3 -out irm-apache-server.key 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ............................+++ .........+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: Verifying - Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: [oracle@irm bin] openssl req -new -key irm-apache-server.key -out irm-apache-server.csr Enter pass phrase for irm-apache-server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:US State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:CA Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:San Francisco Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:Oracle Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Security Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:irm.company.com Email Address []:[email protected] Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:testing An optional company name []: You must make sure to remember the pass phrase you used in the initial key generation, you will need this when later configuring Apache. In the /usr/bin directory there are now two new files. The irm-apache-server.csr contains our certificate request and is what you cut and paste, or upload, to your certificate authority when you purchase and validate your SSL certificate. In response you will typically get two files. Your server certificate and another certificate file that will likely contain a set of certificates from your CA which validate your certificate's trust. Next we need to configure Apache to use these files. Typically there is an ssl.conf file which is where all the SSL configuration is done. On my Oracle Enterprise Linux server this file is located in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf and i've added the following lines. <VirtualHost irm.company.com> # Setup SSL for irm.company.com ServerName irm.company.com SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /oracle/secure/irm.company.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /oracle/secure/irm.company.com.key SSLCertificateChainFile /oracle/secure/gd_bundle.crt </VirtualHost> Restarting Apache (apachectl restart) and I can now attempt to connect to the Apache server in a web browser, https://irm.company.com/. If all is configured correctly I should now see an Apache test page delivered to me over HTTPS. Configuring Apache to proxy traffic to the IRM server Final piece in setting up SSL is to have Apache proxy requests for the IRM server but do so securely. So the requests to Apache will be over HTTPS using a legitimate certificate, but we can also configure Apache to proxy these requests internally across to the IRM server using SSL with the self signed certificate we generated at the start of this article. To do this proxying we use the WebLogic Web Server plugin for Apache which you can download here from Oracle. Download the zip file and extract onto the server. The file extraction reveals a set of zip files, each one specific to a supported web server. In my instance I am using Apache 2.2 32bit on an Oracle Enterprise Linux, 64 bit server. If you are not sure what version your Apache server is, run the command /usr/sbin/httpd -V and you'll see version and it its 32 or 64 bit. Mine is a 32bit server so I need to extract the file WLSPlugin1.1-Apache2.2-linux32-x86.zip. The from the resulting lib folder copy the file mod_wl.so into /usr/lib/httpd/modules/. First we want to test that the plug in will work for regular HTTP traffic. Edit the httpd.conf for Apache and add the following section at the bottom. LoadModule weblogic_module modules/mod_wl.so <IfModule mod_weblogic.c> WebLogicHost irm.company.internal WebLogicPort 16100 WLLogFile /tmp/wl-proxy.log </IfModule> <Location /irm_rights> SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_desktop> SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_sealing> SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> <Location /irm_services> SetHandler weblogic-handler </Location> Now restart Apache again (apachectl restart) and now open a browser to http://irm.company.com/irm_rights. Apache will proxy the HTTP traffic from the port 80 of your Apache server to the IRM service listening on port 16100 of the WebLogic Managed server. Note above I have included all four of the Locations you might wish to proxy. http://irm.company.internalirm_rights is the URL to the management website, /irm_desktop is the URL used for the IRM Desktop to communicate. irm_sealing is for web services based document sealing and irm_services is for IRM server web services. The last two are typically only used when you have the IRM server integrated with another application and it is unlikely you'd be accessing these resources from the public facing Apache server. However, just in case, i've mentioned them above. Now let's enable SSL communication from Apache to WebLogic. In the ZIP file we extracted were some more modules we need to copy into the Apache folder. Looking back in the lib that we extracted, there are some more files. Copy the following into the /usr/lib/httpd/modules/ folder. libwlssl.so libnnz11.so libclntsh.so.11.1 Now the documentation states that should only need to do this, but I found that I also needed to create an environment variable called LD_LIBRARY_PATH and point this to the folder /usr/lib/httpd/modules/. If I didn't do this, starting Apache with the WebLogic module configured to SSL would throw the error. [crit] (20014)Internal error: WL SSL Init failed for server: (null) on 0 So I had to edit the file /etc/profile and add the following lines at the bottom. You may already have the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable defined, therefore simply add this path to it. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH Now the WebLogic plug in uses an Oracle Wallet to store the required certificates.You'll need to copy the self signed certificate from the IRM server over to the Apache server. Copy over the MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der into the same folder where you are storing your public certificates, in my example this is /oracle/secure. It's worth mentioning these files should ONLY be readable by root (the user Apache runs as). Now lets create an Oracle Wallet and import the self signed certificate from the IRM server. The file orapki was included in the bin folder of the Apache 1.1 plugin zip you extracted. orapki wallet create -wallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet -auto_login_only orapki wallet add -wallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet -trusted_cert -cert MyOwnSelfCA.cer.der -auto_login_only Finally change the httpd.conf to reflect that we want the WebLogic Apache plug-in to use HTTPS/SSL and not just plain HTTP. <IfModule mod_weblogic.c> WebLogicHost irm.company.internal WebLogicPort 16101 SecureProxy ON WLSSLWallet /oracle/secure/my-wallet WLLogFile /tmp/wl-proxy.log </IfModule> Then restart Apache once more and you can go back to the browser to test the communication. Opening the URL https://irm.company.com/irm_rights will proxy your request to the WebLogic server at https://irm.company.internal:16101/irm_rights. At this point you have a fully functional Oracle IRM service, the next step is to create a sealed document and test the entire system.

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