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• What is causing the unusual high load average and IOwait?

  - by James

  I noticed on Tuesday night of last week, the load average went up sharply and it seemed abnormal since the traffic is small. Usually, the numbers usually average around .40 or lower and my server stuff (mysql, php and apache) are optimized. I noticed that the IOWait is unusually high even though the processes is barely using any CPU. top - 01:44:39 up 1 day, 21:13, 1 user, load average: 1.41, 1.09, 0.86 Tasks: 60 total, 1 running, 59 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 0.0%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu4 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu5 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu6 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu7 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 91.5%id, 8.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 331944k used, 716632k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 15 0 2468 1376 1140 S 0 0.1 0:00.92 init 1656 root 15 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 9323 root 18 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 10079 root 18 0 3972 1248 972 S 0 0.1 0:00.00 su 10080 root 15 0 4612 1956 1448 S 0 0.2 0:00.01 bash 11298 root 15 0 13652 5212 664 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 11778 chikorit 15 0 2344 1092 884 S 0 0.1 0:00.05 top 15384 root 18 0 17544 13m 1568 S 0 1.3 0:02.28 miniserv.pl 15585 root 15 0 8280 2736 2168 S 0 0.3 0:00.02 sshd 15608 chikorit 15 0 8280 1436 860 S 0 0.1 0:00.02 sshd Here is the VMStat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 1 0 0 768644 0 0 0 0 14 23 0 10 1 0 99 0 IOStat - Nothing unusal Total DISK READ: 67.13 K/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 19496 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19501 be/4 mysql 3.95 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % mysqld 19568 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19569 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19570 be/4 chikorit 11.85 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19571 be/4 chikorit 7.90 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 19573 be/4 chikorit 7.90 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % apache2 -k start 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init 11778 be/4 chikorit 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % top 19470 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % mysqld Load Average Chart - http://i.stack.imgur.com/kYsD0.png I want to be sure if this is not a MySQL problem before making sure. Also, this is a Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Server on OpenVZ. Edit: This will probably give a good picture on the IO Wait top - 22:12:22 up 17:41, 1 user, load average: 1.10, 1.09, 0.93 Tasks: 33 total, 1 running, 32 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.6%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.0%id, 10.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1048576k total, 260708k used, 787868k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 15 0 2468 1376 1140 S 0 0.1 0:00.88 init 5849 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 8063 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 9732 root 16 0 8280 2728 2168 S 0 0.3 0:00.02 sshd 9746 chikorit 18 0 8412 1444 864 S 0 0.1 0:01.10 sshd 9747 chikorit 18 0 4576 1960 1488 S 0 0.2 0:00.24 bash 13706 chikorit 15 0 2344 1088 884 R 0 0.1 0:00.03 top 15745 chikorit 15 0 12968 5108 1280 S 0 0.5 0:00.00 apache2 15751 chikorit 15 0 72184 25m 18m S 0 2.5 0:00.37 php5-fpm 15790 chikorit 18 0 12472 4640 1192 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 15797 chikorit 15 0 72888 23m 16m S 0 2.3 0:00.06 php5-fpm 16038 root 15 0 67772 2848 592 D 0 0.3 0:00.00 php5-fpm 16309 syslog 18 0 24084 1316 992 S 0 0.1 0:00.07 rsyslogd 16316 root 15 0 5472 908 500 S 0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd 16326 root 15 0 2304 908 712 S 0 0.1 0:00.02 cron 17464 root 15 0 10252 7560 856 D 0 0.7 0:01.88 psad 17466 root 18 0 1684 276 208 S 0 0.0 0:00.31 psadwatchd 17559 root 18 0 11444 2020 732 S 0 0.2 0:00.47 sendmail-mta 17688 root 15 0 10252 5388 1136 S 0 0.5 0:03.81 python 17752 teamspea 19 0 44648 7308 4676 S 0 0.7 1:09.70 ts3server_linux 18098 root 15 0 12336 6380 3032 S 0 0.6 0:00.47 apache2 18099 chikorit 18 0 10368 2536 464 S 0 0.2 0:00.00 apache2 18120 ntp 15 0 4336 1316 984 S 0 0.1 0:00.87 ntpd 18379 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 18387 mysql 15 0 62796 36m 5864 S 0 3.6 1:43.26 mysqld 19584 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.02 apache2 22498 root 16 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 24260 root 15 0 67772 3612 1356 S 0 0.3 0:00.22 php5-fpm 27712 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 27730 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 30343 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2 30366 root 15 0 12336 4028 668 S 0 0.4 0:00.00 apache2

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• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network lots of connections and high traffic for storage and streaming services

  - by Linux Guy

  I have two servers, Both servers hardware Specification are Processor : Dual Processor RAM : over 128 G.B Hard disk : SSD Hard disk Outging Traffic bandwidth : 3 Gbps network cards speed : 10 Gbps Server A : for Encoding videos Server B : for storage videos andstream videos over web interface like youtube The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos Both servers in same network , when i do ping from Server A to Server B i got high time latency above 1.0ms , the time range time=52.7 ms to time=215.7 ms - This is the output of iftop utility 353Mb 707Mb 1.04Gb 1.38Gb 1.73Gb mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq server.example.com => ip.address 6.36Mb 4.31Mb 1.66Mb <= 158Kb 94.8Kb 35.1Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.23Mb 4.28Mb 1.12Mb <= 17.1Kb 83.5Kb 21.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 395Kb 3.89Mb 1.07Mb <= 6.09Kb 109Kb 28.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 4.55Mb 3.83Mb 1.04Mb <= 55.6Kb 45.4Kb 13.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 649Kb 3.38Mb 1.47Mb <= 9.00Kb 38.7Kb 16.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 5.00Mb 3.32Mb 1.80Mb <= 65.7Kb 55.1Kb 29.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 387Kb 3.13Mb 1.06Mb <= 18.4Kb 39.9Kb 15.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.27Mb 3.11Mb 1.01Mb <= 81.2Kb 64.5Kb 20.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 3.08Mb 2.72Mb <= 16.6Kb 35.6Kb 32.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 2.90Mb 2.79Mb <= 22.4Kb 32.6Kb 35.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.03Mb 2.78Mb 1.82Mb <= 26.6Kb 27.4Kb 20.2Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.26Mb 2.66Mb 1.36Mb <= 51.7Kb 49.1Kb 24.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 586Kb 2.50Mb 1.03Mb <= 4.17Kb 26.1Kb 10.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.42Mb 2.49Mb 2.44Mb <= 31.6Kb 29.7Kb 29.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.41Mb 2.46Mb 2.41Mb <= 26.4Kb 24.5Kb 23.8Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.37Mb 2.39Mb 2.40Mb <= 28.9Kb 27.0Kb 28.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 525Kb 2.20Mb 1.05Mb <= 7.03Kb 26.0Kb 12.8Kb qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq TX: cum: 102GB peak: 1.65Gb rates: 1.46Gb 1.44Gb 1.48Gb RX: 1.31GB 24.3Mb 19.5Mb 18.9Mb 20.0Mb TOTAL: 103GB 1.67Gb 1.48Gb 1.46Gb 1.50Gb I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.2 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.2, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.1 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.2 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes ifconfig server A eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:ED:9E:AA inet addr:0.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1202795665 errors:0 dropped:64334 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2313161968 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:893413096188 (832.0 GiB) TX bytes:3360949570454 (3.0 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) TX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) ifconfig Server B eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:82:C4:FE inet addr:0.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39973046980 errors:0 dropped:1828387600 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69618752480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3013976063688 (2.7 TiB) TX bytes:102250230803933 (92.9 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) TX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) Netstat -i on Server B # netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth2 9000 0 42098629968 0 2131223717 0 73698797854 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 1077908 0 0 0 1077908 0 0 0 LRU I Turn up send/receive buffers on the network card to 2048 and problem still persist I increase the MTU for server A and problem still persist and i increase the MTU for server B for better connectivity and transfer speed but it couldn't transfer at all The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service in server B the transfer in server A at full speed, after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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• How can I use CreateTimerQueueTimer to create a high resolution timer in C#?

  - by Justin Tanner

  I've used a Windows multimedia dll to created a high resolution timer with timSetEvent() But the timeSetEvent() page recommends the use of: CreateTimerQueueTimer() How can I use CreateTimerQueueTimer() to execute a method every 10 milliseconds in C#?

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• one high-end server with one Application Server or multiple Application Servers?

  - by elgcom

  If I have a high-end server, for example with 1T memory and 8x4core CPU... will it bring more performance if I run multiple App Server (on different JVM) rather than just one App Server? On App Server I will run some services (EAR whith message driven beans) which exchange message with each other. btw, has java 64bit now no memory limitation any more? http://java.sun.com/products/hotspot/whitepaper.html#64

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• How does Batcher Merge work at a high level?

  - by Mike

  I'm trying to grasp the concept of a Batcher Sort. However, most resources I've found online focus on proof entirely or on low-level pseudocode. Before I look at proofs, I'd like to understand how Batcher Sort works. Can someone give a high level overview of how Batcher Sort works(particularly the merge) without overly verbose pseudocode(I want to get the idea behind the Batcher Sort, not implement it)? Thanks!

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• PHP array help getting a value from the key

  - by sea_1987

  I have a variable that looks likes this, $rslt['expected_salary_level'] This returns a string similar to LEVEL_3, in another array that looks like this I have a set of salaries, Array ( [LEVEL_1] => Array ( [nice_name] => under &pound;10,000 [low] => 1 [high] => 10000 ) [LEVEL_2] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;10,000 - &pound;15,000 [low] => 10000 [high] => 15000 ) [LEVEL_3] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;15,000 - &pound;20,000 [low] => 15000 [high] => 20000 ) [LEVEL_4] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;20,000 - &pound;25,000 [low] => 20000 [high] => 25000 ) [LEVEL_5] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;25,000 - &pound;30,000 [low] => 25000 [high] => 30000 ) [LEVEL_6] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;30,000 - &pound;40,000 [low] => 30000 [high] => 40000 ) [LEVEL_7] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;40,000 - &pound;50,000 [low] => 40000 [high] => 50000 ) [LEVEL_8] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;50,000 - &pound;100,000 [low] => 50000 [high] => 100000 ) [LEVEL_9] => Array ( [nice_name] => &pound;100,000 or more [low] => 100000 [high] => 9999999 ) [LEVEL_VOLUNTARY] => Array ( [nice_name] => Voluntary [low] => [high] => ) [LEVEL_UNSPECIFIED] => Array ( [nice_name] => Not specified [low] => [high] => ) ) How do I get at the associated nice name?

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• Are there any protocols/standards on top of TCP optimized for high throughput and low latency?

  - by Nosrama

  Are there any protocols/standards that work over TCP that are optimized for high throughput and low latency? The only one I can think of is FAST. At the moment I have devised just a simple text-based protocol delimited by special characters. I'd like to adopt a protocol which is designed for fast transfer and supports perhaps compression and minification of the data that travels over the TCP socket.

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• amazon simpledb with aws-sdb-proxy suitable for high traffic production app?

  - by z3cko

  i am using amazon simpledb with the aws_sdb gem and aws-sdb proxy as outlined in a documentation from amazon with ruby on rails and a local aws proxy that runs on webrick (providing a bridge with ActiveResource). see http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1242 i am wondering if the aws-sdb-proxy (webrick!) is suitable for high traffic load, since webrick is supposed to be a development server. anyone has comments or experiences?

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• iPhone: How can I store a high score to disk.

  - by Robert

  I have a int which is my high score: NSInterger highScore; I want to store it persistently to disk Do I have to convert it to a string, then write the string to a file, then parse it back when I want to read it. Or is there a better way to store small amounts of data?

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• Is it good to use Jquery UI themes in a big high traffic website?

  - by Amr ElGarhy

  Is it a good way to use JQuery UI themes while implementing a high traffic website. Is it easy to edit and customize a little based on my website needs? Does it has any famous problems? want to hear your ideas about it and is it safe to use or its better to write all my CSS from scratch. Note that i checked the themes there and found there nice and some of them after some edits will fit the design we have.

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• How to score high of document containing "Burj Khalifa" in title and then in summary field in SOLR

  - by user365589

  Hi, I want to sort document by relevancy i.e. First all docs having "Burj Khalifa" in title and then in summary field? and sort by publishdate as well. means latest documents must have high score. criteria is like sort by score with publishdate http://localhost:8080/solr/select?sort=score+desc,publishdate+desc&q=Burj Khalifa

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• Will AJAX cause my site to have a high bounce % and hurt my search ratings?

  - by Cryo

  I'm building an art gallery website that updates its images via AJAX, for those who have javascript enabled, rather than request multiple page loads. I assume this will appear as though my site has a high bounce percentage. I understand that search engines will not be able to index dynamic content, but will such a misinterpreted bounce rate hurt my search engine ratings, even if I have many return visitors?

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• Trying to backup system state on server 2003 sp2, getting "Faulting application vssvc.exe - system state backup failed" in applciation log

  - by IT_Fixr

  Trying to backup system state on Windows Server 2003 (SP2), getting "Faulting application vssvc.exe - system state backup failed" in application log. Volume shadow copy creation: Attempt 1. "MSDEWriter" has reported an error 0x800423f2. This is part of System State. The volume shadow copy operation can be retried. "Event Log Writer" has reported an error 0x800423f2. This is part of System State. The volume shadow copy operation can be retried. "Registry Writer" has reported an error 0x800423f2. This is part of System State. The volume shadow copy operation can be retried. "COM+ REGDB Writer" has reported an error 0x800423f2. This is part of System State. The volume shadow copy operation can be retried. "Removable Storage Manager" has reported an error 0x0. This is part of System State. The backup cannot continue. Error returned while creating the volume shadow copy:800423f2 Aborting Backup.

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• EC2 Configuration

  - by user123683

  I am trying to create a server structure for my EC2 account. The design I have chosen consists of 2 instances running in different availability zones, elastic load balancer, an auto-scaling group with cloudwatch monitoring configured and a security group defining rules for access to the instances. This setup is to support an online web application written in PHP. I am trying to decide what is a better policy: Store MySQL DB on a separate Instance Store MySQL DB on an attached EBS volume (from what i know auto-scaling will not replicate the attached EBS volume but will generate new instances from a chosen AMI - is this view correct?) Regards the AMI I plan to use a basic Amazon linux 64 bit AMI, and install bastille (maybe OSSEC) but I am looking to also use an encrypted file system. Are there any issues using an encrypted file system and communication between the DB and webapp i neeed to be aware of? Are there any comms issues using the encrypted filesystem on the instance housing the webapp I was going to launch a second instance or attach a second volume in the second availability zone to act as a standby for the database - I'm just looking for some suggestions about how to get the two DB's to talk - will this be a big task Regards updates for security is it best to create a recent snapshot and just relaunch and allow Amazon to install updates on launch or is the yum update mechanism a suitable alternative - is it better practice to relaunch instead of updates being installed which force a restart. I plan to create two AMI snapshots one for the app server and one for the DB each with the same security measures in place - is this a reasonable - I just figure it is a better policy than having additional applications that are unnecessary included in a AMI that I intend on using. My plan for backup is to create periodic snapshots of the webapp and DB instances (if I use an additional EBS volume instead of separate instances my understanding is that the EBS volume will persist in S3 storage in the event of an unexpected termination and I can create snapshots of the volume backup purposes). Thanks in advance for suggestions and advice. I am new to EC2 and I may have described unnecessary overkill but I want to try implement what can be considered a best practice solution so all advice is appreciated.

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• How do I remove a USB drive's write protection?

  - by nate

  I have a SanDisk Cruser Blade USB stick that suddenly seems to be write protected. I tried running DiskPart but after I write the command "attributes disk clear readonly" it displays this: Microsoft DiskPart version 5.1.3565 ADD - Add a mirror to a simple volume. ACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as an active boot partition. ASSIGN - Assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume. BREAK - Break a mirror set. CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk. CONVERT - Converts between different disk formats. CREATE - Create a volume or partition. DELETE - Delete an object. DETAIL - Provide details about an object. EXIT - Exit DiskPart EXTEND - Extend a volume. HELP - Prints a list of commands. IMPORT - Imports a disk group. LIST - Prints out a list of objects. INACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as an inactive partition. ONLINE - Online a disk that is currently marked as offline. REM - Does nothing. Used to comment scripts. REMOVE - Remove a drive letter or mount point assignment. REPAIR - Repair a RAID-5 volume. RESCAN - Rescan the computer looking for disks and volumes. RETAIN - Place a retainer partition under a simple volume. SELECT - Move the focus to an object. It's like when you type help at the DiskPart prompt, so how do I get past this? This problem started when I plugged the stick into a laptop which had viruses, if that's any help.

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• What do the readonly attributes in diskpart really mean?

  - by marzipan

  I am wondering exactly what the meaning is of the "Read-only" disk and volume attributes that you can twiddle in diskpart on Windows 7. I am trying to set up an external USB drive as an installation medium for my own software, so I'd like to protect it against casual or inadvertent changes by users who it is given to, so they don't screw up the installation files they might need in the future. From what I can tell by experimentation with diskpart, the volume read-only attribute is actually stored on the physical disk somewhere, because I can set it and it shows up when I take the drive to another machine. This is great because my users can't (easily) change any of the files on the volume, or format it from Windows explorer. However, the disk read-only attribute seems to be just an aspect of how the current machine is accessing the drive. When I set it I can no longer delete the volume in the disk via Disk Management, but when I take the drive to another machine, the attribute is no longer set and in Disk Management I can delete the volume on the disk. I guess I'm not that worried about my users doing that, but I am annoyed that I don't understand what these attributes are really doing. Another thing that I don't understand is that the "volume" read-only attribute actually seems to be global to the disk - if I have two volumes on the disk, and I set the readonly flag on one of them, then it gets set on the other one too. ?!? I have the feeling I'm not searching for the right docs - all I'm finding is diskpart docs that give the syntax for twiddling these attributes, not what they really mean. Any pointers would be very welcome! Thanks, Asa

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• RAID6 mdraid -> LVM -> EXT4 root with GRUB2?

  - by Rotonen

  2012-03-31 Debian Wheezy daily build in VirtualBox 4.1.2, 6 disk devices. My steps to reproduce so far: Setup one partition, using the entire disk, as a physical volume for RAID, per disk Setup a single RAID6 mdraid array out of all of those Use the resulting md0 as the only physical volume for the volume group Setup your logical volumes, filesystems and mount points as you wish Install your system Both / and /boot will be in this stack. I've chosen EXT4 as my filesystem for this setup. I can get as far as GRUB2 rescue console, which can see the mdraid, the volume group and the LVM logical volumes (all named appropriately on all levels) on it, but I cannot ls the filesystem contents of any of those and I cannot boot from them. As far as I can see from the documentation the version of GRUB2 shipped there should handle all of this gracefully. http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/grub-pc (1.99-17 at the time of writing.) It is loading the ext2, raid, raid6rec, dosmbr (this one is in the list of modules once per disk) and lvm modules according to the generated grub.cfg file. Also it is defining the list of modules to be loaded twice in the generated grub.cfg file and according to quick Googling around this seems to be the norm and OK for GRUB2. How to get further by getting GRUB2 to actually be able to read the content of the filesystems and boot the system? What am I wrong about in my assumptions of functionality here? EDIT (2012-04-01) My generated grub.cfg: http://pastie.org/3708436 It seems it first makes my /usr logical volume the root and that might be source of the failure? A grub-mkconfig bug? Or is it supposed to get access to stuff from /usr before / and /boot? /boot is on / for me - no separate boot logical volume.

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• How do I mount an external USB hard drive on my Sheevaplug?

  - by James

  I've acquired a Sheevaplug running - I think - Ubuntu. I'd like to mount an external USB hard drive, but I don't know the name of the device that needs mounting. When I list the devices under /dev, a long list is produced. How do I find out which device listed needs to be mounted? Update: When I run dmesg after plugging the device in, I see the following at the end: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 6 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 6, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 7 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 7, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 8 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 8, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 9 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 9, error -71 And when I view /var/log/messages, I can see this: Sep 23 21:26:03 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:04 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:05 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:05 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Unfortunately, I don't know what these mean.

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• How to check and match the possible combinations of arraylist elements

  - by Jessy

  String [] A = {"High","Medium","Low"}; String [] B = {"High","Medium","Low"}; String [] C = {"High","Medium","Low"}; String [] D = {"High","Medium","Low"}; String [] E = {"High","Medium","Low"}; String [] F = {"High","Medium","Low"}; JComboBox Ai = new JComboBox(A); JComboBox Bi = new JComboBox(B); JComboBox Ci = new JComboBox(C); JComboBox Di = new JComboBox(C); JComboBox Ei = new JComboBox(E); JComboBox Fi = new JComboBox(F); .... //add the user choice in arrayList ArrayList<String> a = new ArrayList<String>(); a.add((String) Ai.getSelectedItem()); a.add((String) Bi.getSelectedItem()); a.add((String) Ci.getSelectedItem()); a.add((String) Di.getSelectedItem()); a.add((String) Ei.getSelectedItem()); a.add((String) Fi.getSelectedItem()); Scenario: On each comboBox, user need to choose one, which mean there are 6 choices at the end. There are 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720 possible combinations of choices made by the user. What is the best way to check and match the user choice without writing the 720 else if ? e.g. if(Ai=="High" && Bi=="High" && Ci=="Low" && Di=="High" && Ei=="Low" && Fi=="Medium") { System.out.println("Good Choice"); } Thank you.

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• generic binary Search in c#

  - by Pro_Zeck

  Below is my Generic Binary Search it works ok with the intgers type array it finds all the elements in it . But the Problem Arises when i use a string array to find any string data. It runs ok for the first index and last index elements but i cant find the middle elements. Stringarray = new string[] { "b", "a", "ab", "abc", "c" }; public static void BinarySearch<T>(T[] array, T searchFor, Comparer<T> comparer) { int high, low, mid; high = array.Length - 1; low = 0; if (array[0].Equals(searchFor)) Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}",array[0],0); else if (array[high].Equals(searchFor)) Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}", array[high], high); else { while (low <= high) { mid = (high + low) / 2; if (comparer.Compare(array[mid], searchFor) == 0) { Console.WriteLine("Value {0} Found At Index {1}", array[mid], mid); break; } else { if (comparer.Compare(searchFor, array[mid]) > 0) high = mid + 1; else low = mid + 1; } } if (low > high) { Console.WriteLine("Value Not Found In the Collection"); } } }

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• Can I get sensible labels for lm-sensors output for "applesmc-isa-0300"?

  - by TK Kocheran

  2011 8,3 Macbook Pro running 64bit 11.10. When I run sensors from the lm-sensors package, I get a lot of information, but no way to understand it: coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +53.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C) Core 0: +53.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C) Core 1: +52.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C) Core 2: +50.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C) Core 3: +49.0°C (high = +86.0°C, crit = +100.0°C) applesmc-isa-0300 Adapter: ISA adapter Left side : 2001 RPM (min = 2000 RPM) Right side : 2001 RPM (min = 2000 RPM) TB0T: +33.2°C TB1T: +33.2°C TB2T: +29.0°C TC0C: +52.8°C TC0D: +47.2°C TC0E: +51.8°C TC0F: +53.0°C TC0J: +1.0°C TC0P: +44.5°C TC1C: +52.0°C TC2C: +52.0°C TC3C: +52.0°C TC4C: +52.0°C TCFC: +0.2°C TCGC: +51.0°C TCSA: +52.0°C TCTD: +0.0°C TG0D: +44.5°C TG0P: +43.2°C THSP: +37.5°C TM0S: +57.5°C TMBS: +0.0°C TP0P: +50.0°C TPCD: +55.0°C The core temp info is really useful and I'm pretty sure that Left/Right Side refers to the two fans within, but otherwise, I have no idea what this information means. Is there something I can use to normalize this information?

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• How to stop fan running always on Asus P8P76LE motherboard with ATI Radeon HD6900

  - by Chris Good

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I'm not sure if it is the CPU (i7) fan or the video card fan. I've tried using lm-sensors & fancontrol sudo sensors-detect Now follows a summary of the probes I have just done. Just press ENTER to continue: Driver `w83627ehf': * ISA bus, address 0x290 Chip `Nuvoton NCT6776F Super IO Sensors' (confidence: 9) Driver `coretemp': * Chip `Intel digital thermal sensor' (confidence: 9) To load everything that is needed, add this to /etc/modules: # Chip drivers coretemp w83627ehf Like many people, I'm also getting error: /usr/sbin/pwmconfig: There are no pwm-capable sensor modules installed Here is the output of sensors: # sensors radeon-pci-0100 Adapter: PCI adapter temp1: +71.0°C coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +44.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 0: +44.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 1: +40.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 2: +43.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 3: +42.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) I'm hoping some-one has already solved this for my configuration because this seems to be a problem for many people and there are many different suggestions.

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• How to stop fan running always on Asus P8P67LE motherboard with ATI Radeon HD6900

  - by Chris Good

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I'm not sure if it is the CPU (i7) fan or the video card fan. I've tried using lm-sensors & fancontrol sudo sensors-detect Now follows a summary of the probes I have just done. Just press ENTER to continue: Driver `w83627ehf': * ISA bus, address 0x290 Chip `Nuvoton NCT6776F Super IO Sensors' (confidence: 9) Driver `coretemp': * Chip `Intel digital thermal sensor' (confidence: 9) To load everything that is needed, add this to /etc/modules: # Chip drivers coretemp w83627ehf Like many people, I'm also getting error: /usr/sbin/pwmconfig: There are no pwm-capable sensor modules installed Here is the output of sensors: # sensors radeon-pci-0100 Adapter: PCI adapter temp1: +71.0°C coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +44.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 0: +44.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 1: +40.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 2: +43.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) Core 3: +42.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C) I'm hoping some-one has already solved this for my configuration because this seems to be a problem for many people and there are many different suggestions.

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• TrueCrypt drive letter not available

  - by Tono Nam

  With c# or a batch file I mount a trueCrypt volume located at A:\volumeTrueCrypt.tc With c# I do: static void Main(string[] args) { var p = Process.Start( fileName:@"C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe", arguments:@"/v a:\volumetruecrypt.tc /lw /a /p truecrypt" ); p.WaitForExit(); } the alternative is to run the command on the command line as: C:\Windows\system32>"C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe" /v "a:\volumetruecrypt.tc" /lw /a /p truecrypt Either way I get the error: Why do I get that error? I was able to run that command the first time. The moment I dismounted the volume and tryied to mount it again I got that error. I know that drive letter W is available because it shows as an available letter on true crypt if I where to open it manually: If I where then click on the button mount and then type the password truecrypt (truecrypt is the password) then it will successfully mount on drive w. Why I am not able to mount it from the command line!? If I change the drive letter on the command line it works. I want to use the drive W though. In other words executing "C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe" /v "a:\volumetruecrypt.tc" /lz /a /p truecrypt will successfully mount that volume on drive z but I do not want to mount it on drive z I want to mount it on drive w. The first time I ran the batch it ran fine. Also if I restart my computer I believe it should work. More info on how to use trueCrypt through the command line can be found at: http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=command-line-usage Edit I was also investivating when does this error occures. In order to generate this error you need to follow this steps. 1) execute the command: (note the /q argument at the end for quiet) "C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe" /v "a:\volumetruecrypt.tc" /ln /a /p truecrypt /q "C...TrueCrypt.exe" = location where trueCrypt is located /v "path" = location where volume is located /n = drive letter n /p truecrypt = password is "trueCrypt" /q = execute in quiet mode. do not show window note I am mounting to drive letter n 2) now volume should be mounted. 3) Open trueCrypt and manually dismount that volume (without using command line) 4) Attempt to run the same command line (without the /q so you see the error) "C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe" /v "a:\volumetruecrypt.tc" /ln /a /p truecrypt 5) an error should show up So the problem ocures when I manually dismount the volume. If I dismount it from the command line I get no errors. But I think this is a bug from trueCrypt

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• Sharing Bandwidth and Prioritizing Realtime Traffic via HTB, Which Scenario Works Better?

  - by Mecki

  I would like to add some kind of traffic management to our Internet line. After reading a lot of documentation, I think HFSC is too complicated for me (I don't understand all the curves stuff, I'm afraid I will never get it right), CBQ is not recommend, and basically HTB is the way to go for most people. Our internal network has three "segments" and I'd like to share bandwidth more or less equally between those (at least in the beginning). Further I must prioritize traffic according to at least three kinds of traffic (realtime traffic, standard traffic, and bulk traffic). The bandwidth sharing is not as important as the fact that realtime traffic should always be treated as premium traffic whenever possible, but of course no other traffic class may starve either. The question is, what makes more sense and also guarantees better realtime throughput: Creating one class per segment, each having the same rate (priority doesn't matter for classes that are no leaves according to HTB developer) and each of these classes has three sub-classes (leaves) for the 3 priority levels (with different priorities and different rates). Having one class per priority level on top, each having a different rate (again priority won't matter) and each having 3 sub-classes, one per segment, whereas all 3 in the realtime class have highest prio, lowest prio in the bulk class, and so on. I'll try to make this more clear with the following ASCII art image: Case 1: root --+--> Segment A | +--> High Prio | +--> Normal Prio | +--> Low Prio | +--> Segment B | +--> High Prio | +--> Normal Prio | +--> Low Prio | +--> Segment C +--> High Prio +--> Normal Prio +--> Low Prio Case 2: root --+--> High Prio | +--> Segment A | +--> Segment B | +--> Segment C | +--> Normal Prio | +--> Segment A | +--> Segment B | +--> Segment C | +--> Low Prio +--> Segment A +--> Segment B +--> Segment C Case 1 Seems like the way most people would do it, but unless I don't read the HTB implementation details correctly, Case 2 may offer better prioritizing. The HTB manual says, that if a class has hit its rate, it may borrow from its parent and when borrowing, classes with higher priority always get bandwidth offered first. However, it also says that classes having bandwidth available on a lower tree-level are always preferred to those on a higher tree level, regardless of priority. Let's assume the following situation: Segment C is not sending any traffic. Segment A is only sending realtime traffic, as fast as it can (enough to saturate the link alone) and Segment B is only sending bulk traffic, as fast as it can (again, enough to saturate the full link alone). What will happen? Case 1: Segment A-High Prio and Segment B-Low Prio both have packets to send, since A-High Prio has the higher priority, it will always be scheduled first, till it hits its rate. Now it tries to borrow from Segment A, but since Segment A is on a higher level and Segment B-Low Prio has not yet hit its rate, this class is now served first, till it also hits the rate and wants to borrow from Segment B. Once both have hit their rates, both are on the same level again and now Segment A-High Prio is going to win again, until it hits the rate of Segment A. Now it tries to borrow from root (which has plenty of traffic spare, as Segment C is not using any of its guaranteed traffic), but again, it has to wait for Segment B-Low Prio to also reach the root level. Once that happens, priority is taken into account again and this time Segment A-High Prio will get all the bandwidth left over from Segment C. Case 2: High Prio-Segment A and Low Prio-Segment B both have packets to send, again High Prio-Segment A is going to win as it has the higher priority. Once it hits its rate, it tries to borrow from High Prio, which has bandwidth spare, but being on a higher level, it has to wait for Low Prio-Segment B again to also hit its rate. Once both have hit their rate and both have to borrow, High Prio-Segment A will win again until it hits the rate of the High Prio class. Once that happens, it tries to borrow from root, which has again plenty of bandwidth left (all bandwidth of Normal Prio is unused at the moment), but it has to wait again until Low Prio-Segment B hits the rate limit of the Low Prio class and also tries to borrow from root. Finally both classes try to borrow from root, priority is taken into account, and High Prio-Segment A gets all bandwidth root has left over. Both cases seem sub-optimal, as either way realtime traffic sometimes has to wait for bulk traffic, even though there is plenty of bandwidth left it could borrow. However, in case 2 it seems like the realtime traffic has to wait less than in case 1, since it only has to wait till the bulk traffic rate is hit, which is most likely less than the rate of a whole segment (and in case 1 that is the rate it has to wait for). Or am I totally wrong here? I thought about even simpler setups, using a priority qdisc. But priority queues have the big problem that they cause starvation if they are not somehow limited. Starvation is not acceptable. Of course one can put a TBF (Token Bucket Filter) into each priority class to limit the rate and thus avoid starvation, but when doing so, a single priority class cannot saturate the link on its own any longer, even if all other priority classes are empty, the TBF will prevent that from happening. And this is also sub-optimal, since why wouldn't a class get 100% of the line's bandwidth if no other class needs any of it at the moment? Any comments or ideas regarding this setup? It seems so hard to do using standard tc qdiscs. As a programmer it was such an easy task if I could simply write my own scheduler (which I'm not allowed to do).

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