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• Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

  - by ewwhite

  Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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• Windows 2003 Storage Server Hanging on Large File Transfers

  - by user25272

  In one of our offices we have a Dell PowerVault 745N NAS device which acts as the main file server. Its running 32bit Windows 2003 Storage Server SP2 with 3GB RAM. The server holds around 60 users HOME folders, which are mapped via AD. The office clients are a mix of XP SP3, Vista and Windows 7. Occasionally the server will completely hang when transferring large files. When the hang happens the console becomes unresponsive with only the mouse active and blank wallpaper. Sometimes stopping the copy frees the server, sometimes not. The hanging can last around 20 minutes. During this time other servers also become unresponsive with blank wallpaper at the console. If you do manage to get onto another server the taskbar and run commands are unresponsive. This also transcends to the client computers sometimes with explorer crashing. I'm guessing this is due to the HOME folder mapping. Eventually the NAS server with free up and everything will be back to normal. The server is configured as follows: PERC 4/DC DATA 2 - 12 SCSI HDD - RAID5 SHADOWCOPY 2 SCSI HDD - RAID1 CERC SATA DATA 11 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 OS 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 All the drivers and firmware is up to date. I've been through all the diagnostics with Dell and the hardware has come up clean including full HDD tests on the arrays. The server has NOD32 installed as the AV, but the hanging happens when it is uninstalled. There are no errors in the event log when this happens and we don't have any errors logged on any of our ProCurve switches. DNS is fine on the domain and AD from what I can tell is running happily. There are no DFS or NFS shares setup either. All the shares are standard Windows. I've unchecked the allow the computer to turn off this device to save power box under Power Management on the NIC. "Set Link Speed and Duplex to Auto-negotiate 1000 " Increased Receive Descriptors buffer from 256 to 352 (reserves more CPU resource for handling data) I've run network traces using network monitor and have found the following: 417 8.078125 {SMB:192, NbtSS:25, TCP:24, IPv4:23} 192.168.2.244 192.168.5.35 SMB SMB:R; Nt Create Andx - NT Status: System - Error, Code = (52) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND I've tried different cabling; NICs and switch ports all with the same result. Transferring files from other servers on the domain is fine. All I haven't done is run CHKDSK on the drives to look for any file system errors. On the Vista clients I have also run netsh interface tcp set global autotuning=disabled with no result. Could it be that the server has a faulty drive or that the I/O is too much for it to handle? Any ideas why would the hang cause issues with the other servers on the LAN? Many Thanks.

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• MySQL foreign key creation with alter table command

  - by user313338

  I created some tables using MySQL Workbench, and then did forward ‘forward engineer’ to create scripts to create these tables. BUT, the scripts lead me to a number of problems. One of which involves the foreign keys. So I tried creating separate foreign key additions using alter table and I am still getting problems. The code is below (the set statements, drop/create statements I left in … though I don’t think they should matter for this): SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='TRADITIONAL'; DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mydb` ; CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `mydb` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci ; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`User` -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mydb`.`User` ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`User` ( `UserName` VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL , `Num_Accts` INT NOT NULL , `Password` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `Email` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `User_ID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , PRIMARY KEY (`User_ID`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`User_Space` -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mydb`.`User_Space` ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`User_Space` ( `User_UserName` VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL , `User_Space_ID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , PRIMARY KEY (`User_Space_ID`), FOREIGN KEY (`User_UserName`) REFERENCES `mydb`.`User` (`UserName`) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE) ENGINE = InnoDB; SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS; SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS; The error this produces is: Error Code: 1005 Can't create table 'mydb.user_space' (errno: 150) Anybody know what the heck I’m doing wrong?? And anybody else have problems with the script generation done by mysql workbench? It’s a nice tool, but annoying that it pumps out scripts that don’t work for me. [As an fyi here’s the script it auto-generates: SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='TRADITIONAL'; DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mydb` ; CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `mydb` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci ; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`User` -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mydb`.`User` ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`User` ( `UserName` VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL , `Num_Accts` INT NOT NULL , `Password` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `Email` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `User_ID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , PRIMARY KEY (`User_ID`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`User_Space` -- ----------------------------------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mydb`.`User_Space` ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`User_Space` ( `User_Space_ID` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , PRIMARY KEY (`User_Space_ID`) , INDEX `User_ID` () , CONSTRAINT `User_ID` FOREIGN KEY () REFERENCES `mydb`.`User` () ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION) ENGINE = InnoDB; SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS; SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS; ** Thanks!]

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• Foreign key pointing to different tables

  - by Álvaro G. Vicario

  I'm implementing a table per subclass design I discussed in a previous question. It's a product database where products can have very different attributes depending on their type, but attributes are fixed for each type and types are not manageable at all. I have a master table that holds common attributes: product_type ============ product_type_id INT product_type_name VARCHAR E.g.: 1 'Magazine' 2 'Web site' product ======= product_id INT product_name VARCHAR product_type_id INT -> Foreign key to product_type.product_type_id valid_since DATETIME valid_to DATETIME E.g. 1 'Foo Magazine' 1 '1998-12-01' NULL 2 'Bar Weekly Review' 1 '2005-01-01' NULL 3 'E-commerce App' 2 '2009-10-15' NULL 4 'CMS' 2 '2010-02-01' NULL ... and one subtable for each product type: item_magazine ============= item_magazine_id INT title VARCHAR product_id INT -> Foreign key to product.product_id issue_number INT pages INT copies INT close_date DATETIME release_date DATETIME E.g. 1 'Foo Magazine Regular Issue' 1 89 52 150000 '2010-06-25' '2010-06-31' 2 'Foo Magazine Summer Special' 1 90 60 175000 '2010-07-25' '2010-07-31' 3 'Bar Weekly Review Regular Issue' 2 12 16 20000 '2010-06-01' '2010-06-02' item_web_site ============= item_web_site_id INT name VARCHAR product_id INT -> Foreign key to product.product_id bandwidth INT hits INT date_from DATETIME date_to DATETIME E.g. 1 'The Carpet Store' 3 10 90000 '2010-06-01' NULL 2 'Penauts R Us' 3 20 180000 '2010-08-01' NULL 3 'Springfield Cattle Fair' 4 15 150000 '2010-05-01' '2010-10-31' Now I want to add some fees that relate to one specific item. Since there are very little subtypes, it's feasible to do this: fee === fee_id INT fee_description VARCHAR item_magazine_id INT -> Foreign key to item_magazine.item_magazine_id item_web_site_id INT -> Foreign key to item_web_site.item_web_site_id net_price DECIMAL E.g.: 1 'Front cover' 2 NULL 1999.99 2 'Half page' 2 NULL 500.00 3 'Square banner' NULL 3 790.50 4 'Animation' NULL 3 2000.00 I have tight foreign keys to handle cascaded editions and I presume I can add a constraint so only one of the IDs is NOT NULL. However, my intuition suggests that it would be cleaner to get rid of the item_WHATEVER_id columns and keep a separate table: fee_to_item =========== fee_id INT -> Foreign key to fee.fee_id product_id INT -> Foreign key to product.product_id item_id INT -> ??? But I can't figure out how to create foreign keys on item_id since the source table varies depending on product_id. Should I stick to my original idea?

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• One registry key for many products not deleted on uninstall

  - by NC1

  My company has many products, we want to create a registry key Software\$(var.Manufacturer)that will have all of our products if our customers have installed more than one (which is likely) I then want to have a secondary key for each of our products which get removed on uninstall but the main one does not. I have tried to achieve this like below but my main key gets deleted so all of my other products also get deleted from the registry. I know this is trivial but I cannot find an answer. <DirectoryRef Id="TARGETDIR"> <Component Id="Registry" Guid="*" MultiInstance="yes" Permanent="yes"> <RegistryKey Root="HKLM" Key="Software\$(var.Manufacturer)" ForceCreateOnInstall="yes"> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="Default" Value="true" KeyPath="yes"/> </RegistryKey> </Component> </DirectoryRef> <DirectoryRef Id="TARGETDIR"> <Component Id="RegistryEntries" Guid="*" MultiInstance="yes" > <RegistryKey Root="HKLM" Key="Software\$(var.Manufacturer)\[PRODUCTNAME]" Action="createAndRemoveOnUninstall"> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="Installed" Value="true" KeyPath="yes"/> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="ProductName" Value="[PRODUCTNAME]"/> </RegistryKey> </Component> </DirectoryRef> EDIT: I have got my registry keys to stay using the following code. However they only all delete wen all products are deleted, not one by one as they need to. <DirectoryRef Id="TARGETDIR"> <Component Id="Registry" Guid="FF75CA48-27DE-430E-B78F-A1DC9468D699" Permanent="yes" Shared="yes" Win64="$(var.Win64)"> <RegistryKey Root="HKLM" Key="Software\$(var.Manufacturer)" ForceCreateOnInstall="yes"> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="Default" Value="true" KeyPath="yes"/> </RegistryKey> </Component> </DirectoryRef> <DirectoryRef Id="TARGETDIR"> <Component Id="RegistryEntries" Guid="D94FA576-970F-4503-B6C6-BA6FBEF8A60A" Win64="$(var.Win64)" > <RegistryKey Root="HKLM" Key="Software\$(var.Manufacturer)\[PRODUCTNAME]" ForceDeleteOnUninstall="yes"> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="Installed" Value="true" KeyPath="yes"/> <RegistryValue Type="string" Name="ProductName" Value="[PRODUCTNAME]"/> </RegistryKey> </Component> </DirectoryRef>

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• MobaXTerm - SSH Key authentication

  - by Chip Sprague

  I have a key that I converted and works fine with Putty. I have tried these formats: ssh -p 1111 -i id_rsa [email protected] ssh -i id_rsa -p 1111 [email protected] The key is in the same folder as the MobaXTerm executable. Thanks! EDIT: [chip.client] $ ssh -p 1111 -i id_rsa [email protected] -v Warning: Identity file id_rsa not accessible: No such file or directory. OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.9 [192.168.0.100] port 1111. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/chip/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/chip/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 [email protected] debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 [email protected] debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: checking without port identifier Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.0.100]:1111' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/chip/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). [01/09/2011 - 09:15.38] ~

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• Synergy Key Mapping

  - by Tauren

  I'm running a Synergy server on Ubuntu and a Synergy+ client on OSX. The server has a standard windows keyboard with shift, ctrl, windows, and alt keys. My MacBookPro has shift, fn, control, alt/option, and command keys. When I press ctrl-c, ctrl-v, etc, the appropriate copy/paste action doesn't happen on the Mac, but it does in Ubuntu. If I'm controlling the mac, and press alt-c, alt-v, then I get the copy/paste action. So I played around with key mapping in synergy.conf and found that the following allows me to do copy/paste with ctrl-c/ctrl-v: section: screens godzilla: mbp.local: ctrl = alt alt = ctrl end Is this all that I need to do? Or are there other mappings that will help as well? The synergy configuration page refers to the following key mappings. What are the equivalent keys for each of these on the Windows keyboard and Mac keyboard? What is a meta or super key? shift = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} ctrl = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} alt = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} meta = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} super = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} Thanks!

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• HowTo import Certificate (pfx) with private key in WinXP

  - by Gunther

  Hello, I tried the whole day just to import a cetrificate in winXP, but I allways failed. I did following: Create the certificate with private key (no pasword): makecert -sr LocalMachine -ss My -pe -sky exchange -n "CN=TestCert" -a sha1 -sv TestCert.pvk TestCert.cer Then put certificate and private key together into pfx file: pvk2pfx.exe -pvk TestCert.pvk -spc TestCert.cer -pfx TestCert.pfx Import pfx file with commandline tool (German System): winhttpcertcfg.exe -i TestCert.pfx -a NT-AUTORITÄT\NETZWERKDIENST -c LOCAL_MACHINE\My Error: Unable to import contents of PFX file. Please make sure the filename and path, as well as the password, are correct. Hint: "NT-AUTORITÄT\NETZWERKDIENST" -- "NT-AUTHORITY\NETWORKSERVICE" Filename is ok, password was not set. Even if I set the password (e.g. "MyPassword") in Step 1 and type at the end of step 3: ... -p MyPassword I got the same error. Then I tried to import in the certificate console (mmc with certificate snap-in). There i got following error: "Der private Schlüssel, den Sie importieren, erfordert möglicherweise einen Dienstanbieter, der nicht installiert ist." -- "The imported private key may requires a service-supplier which is not installed". But the Microsoft Crypto-Service is up and running. What else can I do? On Windows Vista and Windows 7 I got this running without these problems. I need this Certificate to run a WCF Service. Thanks in advance for any hint. Regards, Gunther

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• EEE PC Keyboard malfunctioning - Ctrl key "sticks" after 10 seconds

  - by DWilliams

  I was given a EEE PC belonging to a friend of a friend to fix. The keyboard did not appear to work at all. I spent a while testing out various things, blowing the keyboard out, checking for damage, and so on. Nothing appeared to be physically wrong. At first I noticed that the keyboard appeared to work just fine for 10 seconds (on average, sometimes more sometimes less) after being powered on. It had been restored to the factory default xandros installation with no user set up, so I couldn't get in to mess with things since I couldn't type to make a user. I made an ubuntu live USB to boot it from, and managed to get the boot order changed to boot from USB in the ~10 seconds of working keyboard I had (I don't think I've ever had to rush around BIOS menus that quickly). After I got Ubuntu up on it, I played around a bit more and determined that apparently the ctrl key is stuck down (not literally, but it's on all the time). If I open gedit, pressing the "o" key brings the open dialog, "s" opens the save dialog, and all other behaviour you would expect to see if you were holding down the control key. The only exception that I noticed is the "9" and "0" keys. They function normally. Figuring that out I made a xandros user with a name/password consisting of 9's and 0's. I couldn't find any options in Xandros that could potentially be helpful. I'm not familiar with EEE PCs. Is it safe to assume that the keyboard is simply dead or could there be another problem? I don't want to purchase another keyboard for him if that isn't going to fix the problem. The netbook doesn't show any obvious signs of damage but the owner is a biker and very often has it with him on the road so it's been subjected to a good bit of vibration.

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• Can't get SSH public key authentication to work

  - by Trey Parkman

  My server is running CentOS 5.3. I'm on a Mac running Leopard. I don't know which is responsible for this: I can log on to my server just fine via password authentication. I've gone through all of the steps for setting up PKA (as described at http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html), but when I use SSH, it refuses to even attempt publickey verification. Using the command ssh -vvv user@host (where -vvv cranks up verbosity to the maximum level) I get the following relevant output: debug2: key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_dsa (0x123456) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password followed by a prompt for my password. If I try to force the issue with ssh -vvv -o PreferredAuthentications=publickey user@host I get debug2: key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_dsa (0x123456) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred publickey debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: No more authentication methods to try. So, even though the server says it accepts the publickey authentication method, and my SSH client insists on it, I'm rebutted. (Note the conspicuous absence of an "Offering public key:" line above.) Any suggestions?

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• Sign multiple domains with single Domain Key (dk-filter)

  - by Lashae

  Motivation The private shopping website GILT, send periodical update emails from giltgroupe.bounce.ed10.net however all of the mails are signed with domain keys of giltgroupe.com. mailed-by giltgroupe.bounce.ed10.net signed-by giltgroupe.com My Story I couldn't manage to sign x.com with y.com 's domain key using dk-filter under Debian Lenny with postfix. If I try to init dk-filter service with following arguments: DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS -d x.com,y.com -c nofws -k -i /var/dk-filter/internal_hosts -s /etc/dk-keys.conf" dk-filter service signs with domain x.com (d=x.com) If I change the daemon arg.s as following: DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS -d x.com -c nofws -k -i /var/dk-filter/internal_hosts -s /etc/dk-keys.conf" then emails sent From y.com is not being signed. the dk-keys.conf file is as follows: *:/var/dk-filter/y.com/mail I managed to do same thing with DKIM, works perfect. However DK doesn't seem to work. I don't have any problem signing y.com's emails with y.com's key and x.com's emails x.com's key, which indicates there is no configuration problem. Do you have any experience/advice to make it possible to sign emails from multiple domains by a specific chosen domain?

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• Apple Service Diagnostic application on USB key?

  - by Matt 'Trouble' Esse

  I found the following in a text file, and I would like to use the Apple Service Diagnostic Application from a bootable USB key but I cannot find where to download it or set it up? Also is this free software or does it require a separate licence? It sounds like it would be a useful tool for diagnosing Mac problems. The Apple Service Diagnostic application is designed to run both EFI and Mac OS X tests from an external USB hard drive. Apple Service Diagnostic (EFI) runs low-level tests of the hardware directly and does not require Mac OS X, while Apple Service Diagnostic (OS) uses Mac OS X to run tests. Booting and Using the Apple Service Diagnostic Application - Before using Apple Service Diagnostic, disconnect any Ethernet network, USB, and audio cables. - With the USB hard drive containing ASD 3S123 plugged into a USB port, restart the computer and hold down the option key as the computer boots up into the Startup Manager. To run ASD (EFI) select the "ASD EFI 3S123" drive icon and press return or select it with a mouse click. To run ASD (OS) select the "ASD OS 3S123" drive icon and press return or select it with a mouse click. ASD (EFI) will load in 20-30 seconds; ASD (OS) will load in 2-3 minutes. - After running ASD (OS) or ASD (EFI), press the Restart button to restart the computer back into the normal startup volume, or hold down the option key to get back to the Startup Manager. ASD is no longer delivered as an image to be restored onto a DVD. ASD 3S117 and newer versions requires installation onto an external USB hard drive. For more information, please refer to the document "Installing ASD on a USB hard drive".

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• Windows Key is shutting my PC with Windows 7 down when pressed

  - by jasondavis

  I am having a really annoying problem lately with my Windows 7 PC. The problem, is all of a sudden, just within the last day or 2, anytime I hit the WIN (Windows keyboard key) instead of popping up the start menu, the system shuts down all my programs and trys to shut down, the only reason it doesn't suceed is because one of the programs I will have running will have an un-saved document, so it will ask me if I want to save the document before shutting down, I then can hit cancel and it halts the process. I do not remember installing anything and programs from from around the time it started doing this, maybe 2-3 days ago. I have gone through and searched Google for every Process running in the taskmanager to see which processes were REQUIRED for Windows to run, I then closed eveything down and killed all the non-essential Processes and the result was this... The reason you see notepad.exe is because I had it open with an unsaved document to keep the system from shutting down, I then tried hitting the win key after I shut each process down, after everything was shut to just show the above, it still tries to shut my system down, this is driving me insane, please help I am at a lost. I am about to see if I can try a different keyboard just encase it is some malfunction on the keyboard. The reason I need to access the WIN key or would like to is because I have Win + v set up to work with a special clipboard manager I believe it is called ClipX

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• publickey authentication only works with existing ssh session

  - by aaron

  publickey authentication only works for me if I've already got one ssh session open. I am trying to log into a host running Ubuntu 10.10 desktop with publickey authentication, and it fails when I first log in: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_rsa ... debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: password me@hosts's password: And the /var/log/auth.log output: Jan 16 09:57:11 host sshd[1957]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: Called Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: username = [astacy] Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1959]: Passphrase file wrapped Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1959]: Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring; rc = [1] Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: Accepted password for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 42481 ssh2 Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) Jan 16 09:57:20 host sudo: astacy : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/astacy ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -f /var/log/auth.log The strange thing is that once I've got this first login session, I run the exact same ssh command, and publickey authentication works: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 ... [me@host:~]$ And the /var/log/auth.log output is: Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: Accepted publickey for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 39982 ssh2 Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) What do I need to do to make publickey authentication work on the first login? NOTE: When I installed Ubuntu 10.10, I checked the 'encrypt home folder' option. I'm wondering if this has something to do with the log message "Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring"

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• "Enter/Return" Key with Word Mobile on Windows Mobile

  - by Maarx

  Some of our employees are using PDAs running Windows Mobile. I wish I could provide more data regarding versions, but frankly these things aren't my jurisdiction. Someone's simply come to me looking for what they thought would be a quick fix. They're using Word Mobile and the barcode scanner to record large volumes of data. The scanner's default action is to insert the scanned text exactly as if it had been input with the keyboard, and puts a newline at the end. That's great, because it's exactly what we need it to do: separate data with newlines. The issue comes when system can't read the barcode, and the employee has to type in the data by hand. They've discovered a very peculiar quirk of Mobile applications: pressing the hardware Enter/Return key on the keyboard appears to save and exit the application. How do we change this behavior? They've realized that using the stylus to "click" the virtual on-screen keyboard's Enter/Return key will add the necessary newline, but it's a huge inconvenience for them. How do I fix the default behavior of the Enter/Return key for Word Mobile to instead insert a newline?

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• Sign multiple domains with single Domain Key (dk-filter)

  - by Lashae

  Motivation The private shopping website GILT, send periodical update emails from giltgroupe.bounce.ed10.net however all of the mails are signed with domain keys of giltgroupe.com. mailed-by giltgroupe.bounce.ed10.net signed-by giltgroupe.com My Story I couldn't manage to sign x.com with y.com 's domain key using dk-filter under Debian Lenny with postfix. If I try to init dk-filter service with following arguments: DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS -d x.com,y.com -c nofws -k -i /var/dk-filter/internal_hosts -s /etc/dk-keys.conf" dk-filter service signs with domain x.com (d=x.com) If I change the daemon arg.s as following: DAEMON_OPTS="$DAEMON_OPTS -d x.com -c nofws -k -i /var/dk-filter/internal_hosts -s /etc/dk-keys.conf" then emails sent From y.com is not being signed. the dk-keys.conf file is as follows: *:/var/dk-filter/y.com/mail I managed to do same thing with DKIM, works perfect. However DK doesn't seem to work. I don't have any problem signing y.com's emails with y.com's key and x.com's emails x.com's key, which indicates there is no configuration problem. Do you have any experience/advice to make it possible to sign emails from multiple domains by a specific chosen domain?

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• Synergy Key Mapping

  - by Tauren

  I'm running a Synergy server on Ubuntu and a Synergy+ client on OSX. The server has a standard windows keyboard with shift, ctrl, windows, and alt keys. My MacBookPro has shift, fn, control, alt/option, and command keys. When I press ctrl-c, ctrl-v, etc, the appropriate copy/paste action doesn't happen on the Mac, but it does in Ubuntu. If I'm controlling the mac, and press alt-c, alt-v, then I get the copy/paste action. So I played around with key mapping in synergy.conf and found that the following allows me to do copy/paste with ctrl-c/ctrl-v: section: screens godzilla: mbp.local: ctrl = alt alt = ctrl end Is this all that I need to do? Or are there other mappings that will help as well? The synergy configuration page refers to the following key mappings. What are the equivalent keys for each of these on the Windows keyboard and Mac keyboard? What is a meta or super key? shift = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} ctrl = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} alt = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} meta = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} super = {shift|ctrl|alt|meta|super|none} Thanks!

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• Errors generating gpg keypair

  - by Evan Lynch

  I posted this originally on stackoverflow, but was told that it was offtopic and this would be the better place to post it, so I am reposting it here and deleting my original topic. I have a rather old PGP key, but I've long ago lost the private key for it, so I'm trying to generate a new key with GPG on Windows 7. While it technically generates the key, GPA crashes every time I generate the keypair. I've tried this four times now and just downloaded what appears to be the latest version of Gpg4Win and am still receiving this problem. A comment on my original post informed me that GPA crashes is not a very good description of the problem, but unfortunately I can't do much better than that: all it tells me is "gpa.exe has crashed and will close now", I don't get an error dump or anything. Is there anything I can do to fix this, or is this just a bug in the latest version of Gpg4Win? Here are the specs of GPG that I'm using: GPA 0.9.4. GnuPG 2.0.22. My operating system is Windows 7 64 Bit, and I have 5 GB of RAM. Also, I was told to try generating the keypair on the command line but can't find any documentation for how to do this in Windows 7. If anyone could link me to current documentation for this, that would be a good workaround for solving this problem.

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• Apple: Bind a key to a commandline command?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a Mac Powerbook running Leopard (10.5.8). Does Leopard provide an easy way to bind keys to commands which are typically run on the commandline? For example, I can open up Terminal.app and run the command /System/Library/Frameworks/ScreenSaver.framework/Resources/ScreenSaverEngine.app/Contents/MacOS/ScreenSaverEngine which will activate the screensaver and lock my screen. What if I want to bind 'Apple-key L' to this command and execute this globally, regardless of which application is in use at the moment? Can I do this, or can I only run ScreenSaverEngine from a Terminal window? I tried to set up global keyboard shortcuts, but it seems that this won't allow me to bind a key to an arbitrary shell command: Note: You can create keyboard shortcuts only for existing menu commands. You cannot define keyboard shortcuts for general purpose tasks such as opening an application or switching between applications. I tried to set up a application keyboard shortcut, but commands like ScreenSaverEngine don't seem to be an application. Note that this Screensaver/Lock screen is just one example. I have come across other nifty commands which I might want to bind to a key-combination as well. I can do this in Gnome and Windows (with varying success). How about with Leopard?

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• Windows-to-linux: Putty with SSH and private/public key pair

  - by Johnny Kauffman

  I spent about 3 hours trying to figure out how to connect to a linux box from my windows machine using putty without having to send the password. This is connecting to an Ubuntu server that is using OpenSSH. The private key is SSH-2 RSA, 1024 bits. I am connecting using SSH2. I have run into the more common problems already: Putty generated the public key in the "wrong format". I have corrected this (as seen on this blog post). However, since I am not yet connected, I cannot absolutely confirm that this file is in the correct format. The key is all on a single line now, and I have tried adding/removing line breaks at the end of the file. I've also tried the public file doctoring process a few times to ensure that I haven't flubbed up the manual conversion. Even so, I have no way to verify accuracy here. The permissions were at once point wrong as well, specifically meaning that the file had too many permissions. I had to solve this too and I know it got past this because I no longer see a related error in /var/log/auth.log. I've tried both authorized_keys and authorized_keys2 in case the server has an old version of OpenSSH, but this changed nothing. I do have access as a user. After this keyfile stuff fails, I can enter my password instead The only remaining nibble of information I have is that it claims I have the alleged password wrong: sshd[22288]: Failed password for zzzzzzz from zz.zz.zz.zz port 53620 ssh2 Even so, as far as I can tell, this is just a lazy try/catch somewhere, since I don't think there's a password involved at all. I see nothing else in any of the /var/log files of use. What else could be wrong?

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• Distributed storage and computing

  - by Tim van Elteren

  Dear Serverfault community, After researching a number of distributed file systems for deployment in a production environment with the main purpose of performing both batch and real-time distributed computing I've identified the following list as potential candidates, mainly on maturity, license and support: Ceph Lustre GlusterFS HDFS FhGFS MooseFS XtreemFS The key properties that our system should exhibit: an open source, liberally licensed, yet production ready, e.g. a mature, reliable, community and commercially supported solution; ability to run on commodity hardware, preferably be designed for it; provide high availability of the data with the most focus on reads; high scalability, so operation over multiple data centres, possibly on a global scale; removal of single points of failure with the use of replication and distribution of (meta-)data, e.g. provide fault-tolerance. The sensitivity points that were identified, and resulted in the following questions, are: transparency to the processing layer / application with respect to data locality, e.g. know where data is physically located on a server level, mainly for resource allocation and fast processing, high performance, how can this be accomplished? Do you from experience know what solutions provide this transparency and to what extent? posix compliance, or conformance, is mentioned on the wiki pages of most of the above listed solutions. The question here mainly is, how relevant is support for the posix standard? Hadoop for example isn't posix compliant by design, what are the pro's and con's? what about the difference between synchronous and asynchronous opeartion of a distributed file system. Though a synchronous distributed file system has the preference because of reliability it also imposes certain limitations with respect to scalability. What would be, from your expertise, the way to go on this? I'm looking forward to your replies. Thanks in advance! :) With kind regards, Tim van Elteren

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• Strange ssh key issue

  - by user55714

  Scenario 1. I am doing this from /home/deploy directory I am trying to set up ssh with github for capistrano deployment. this has been an absolute nightmare. when I do ssh [email protected] as the deploy account I get Permission denied (publickey). so may be the key is not being found, so If I do a ssh-add /home/deploy/.ssh/id_rsa Could not open a connection to your authentication agent. (i did verify that the ssh-agent was running) If I do exec ssh-agent bash and then repeat the ssh-add then the key does get added and I can ssh into github. Now I exit from the ssh connection to my server and ssh back in and I can't ssh into github anymore! Scenario 2 if I login to my remote server and then cd into my .ssh directory and ssh into github then it all works fine I guess there is a problem with locating the key and for some reason the agent isn't funcitoning correctly. Any ideas? Her is a pastie with more details..my .bashrc, permissions etc. http://pastie.org/pastes/1190557/

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• How can I make my Super keys (Windows Key) behave more like Ctrl/Alt/Shift in Linux

  - by deltaray

  After using the Ctrl + "arrow keys" for 13 years to switch virtual desktops in X windows, I've been convinced recently to change to using the Super keys instead (the windows key and the context menu key, which I've remapped). This all works fine for the most part. However, something is still picking up the key events that these keys are sending as if they are a normal alphanumeric like key. For example, I first noticed this in Google Docs spreadsheet that if I press the windows key alone over top of a cell, that it starts editing that cell. It doesn't insert anything, it just sends a key event that Firefox sees and starts editing the cell. This caused problems on a collaborative document I was working on as the way Google docs works, it led to me accidentally erasing the data in a few fields before I realised what was going on. I like using the super keys, but I want them to behave more like a Ctrl or Alt key does in that its a modifier key and doesn't send anything until a second key is pressed. My setup is the following: Ubuntu 10.10 XFCE 4 Microsoft Natural Ergo 4000 keyboard (with the logo scratched out) The following is my .Xmodmap file: remove Lock = Caps_Lock keycode 66 = Escape ! The below maps my other windows context menu key. keycode 135 = Super_R Edit: As requested, here is the relevant output from xev for a keypress and keyrelease of my Super_L (left windows key) KeyPress event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x8200001, root 0x15d, subw 0x0, time 2428849342, (177,174), root:(182,228), state 0x10, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 34, synthetic NO, window 0x8200001, root 0x15d, subw 0x0, time 2428849430, (177,174), root:(182,228), state 0x50, keycode 133 (keysym 0xffeb, Super_L), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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• How to securely control access to a backend key server?

  - by andy

  I need to securely encrypt data in my database so that if the database is dumped, hackers are unable to decrypt the data. I'm planning on creating a simple key server on a different machine, and allowing the DB server access to it (restricted by IP address on the key server to permit the DB server). The key server would contain the key required to encrypt/decrypt data. However, if a hacker were able to get a shell on the DB server, they could request the key from the key server and therefore decrypt the data in the database. How could I prevent this (assuming all firewalls are in place, DB is not connected directly to the internet, etc)? i.e. is there some method I could use that could secure a request from the DB server to the key server so that even if a hacker had a shell on the DB server they'd be unable to make those same requests? Signed requests from the DB server could make issuing these requests less trivial - I suppose that'd help increase the amount of time it'd take to compromise the key server, something a hacker probably wouldn't have much of. As far as I can see, if someone can get a shell on the DB server everything's lost anyway. This could be mitigated by using one key per data item in the DB so at least there's not a single "master" key, but multiple keys that the hacker would need to access. What would be a secure method of ensuring requests from the DB server to the key server were authentic and could be trusted?

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• Let the user choose what type of document to open

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I'm creating an NSDocument application, with two document types: Website and Webservice. This is in my Info.plist: <key>CFBundleDocumentTypes</key> <array> <dict> <key>CFBundleTypeName</key> <string>Website</string> <key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key> <array> <string>website</string> </array> <key>LSTypeIsPackage</key> <true/> <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key> <string>Editor</string> <key>LSHandlerRank</key> <string>Default</string> <key>NSDocumentClass</key> <string>AWWebSite</string> </dict> <dict> <key>CFBundleTypeName</key> <string>Web Service</string> <key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key> <array> <string>webservice</string> </array> <key>LSTypeIsPackage</key> <true/> <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key> <string>Editor</string> <key>LSHandlerRank</key> <string>Default</string> <key>NSDocumentClass</key> <string>AWWebService</string> </dict> </array> Now, whenever the user opens the application, selects the 'New' item from the menubar, or clicks the Dock icon while there are no open windows, I want to show a window with two options, each for one of the document types. Can anyone help me with this? Thanks

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