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  • Python: Define Classes in Packages

    - by rfkrocktk
    I'm learning Python and I have been playing around with packages. I wanted to know the best way to define classes in packages. It seems that the only way to define classes in a package is to define them in init.py of that package. Coming from Java, I'd kind of like to define individual files for my classes. Is this a recommended practice? I'd like to have my directory look somewhat like this: recursor/ __init__.py RecursionException.py RecursionResult.py Recursor.py So I could refer to my classes as "recursor.Recursor," "recursor.RecursionException," and "recursor.RecursionResult.py". Is this "do-able" or recommended in Python?

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  • Python lazy property decorator

    - by detly
    Recently I've gone through an existing code base and refactored a lot of instance attributes to be lazy, ie. not be initialised in the constructor but only upon first read. These attributes do not change over the lifetime of the instance, but they're a real bottleneck to calculate that first time and only really accessed for special cases. I find myself typing the following snippet of code over and over again for various attributes across various classes: class testA(object): def __init__(self): self._a = None self._b = None @property def a(self): if self._a is None: # Calculate the attribute now self._a = 7 return self._a @property def b(self): #etc Is there an existing decorator to do this already in Python that I'm simply unaware of? Or, is there a reasonably simple way to define a decorator that does this? I'm working under Python 2.5, but 2.6 answers might still be interesting if they are significantly different.

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  • Does python have one way of doing things?

    - by gath
    I have always seen in python articles/books that python is simple and it has only one way of doing things. I would like someone to explain to me this concept keeping in mind the example below, if i wanted to get the min and max values of sequence i would do the following; seq=[1,2,3,4,5,6] min(seq) #1 max(seq) #6 but i can also do this; seq[:1] #1 seq[-1] #6 surely this are two ways of doing one simple thing. This confuses me a bit. Gath

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  • Prevent python from printing newline

    - by wrongusername
    I have this code in Python inputted = input("Enter in something: ") print("Input is {0}, including the return".format(inputted)) that outputs Enter in something: something Input is something , including the newline I am not sure what is happening; if I use variables that don't depend on user input, I do not get the newline after formatting with the variable. I suspect Python might be taking in the newline as input when I hit return. How can I make it so that the input does not include any newlines so that I may compare it to other strings/characters? (e.g. something == 'a')

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  • asn.1 parser in C/Python

    - by elventear
    I am looking for a solution to parse asn.1 spec files and generate a decoder from those. Ideally I would like to work with Python modules, but if nothing is available I would use C/C++ libraries and interface them with Python with the plethora of solutions out there. In the past I have been using pyasn1 and building everything by hand but that has become too unwieldly. I have also looked superficially to libtasn1 and asn1c. The first one had problems parsing even the simplest of files. The second has a good parser but generating C code for decoding seems too complex; the solution worked well with straightforward specs but choked on complex ones. Any other good alternatives I may have overlooked?

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  • Problem with stackless python, cannot write to a dict

    - by ANON
    I have simple map-reduce type algorithm, which I want to implement in python and make use of multiple cores. I read somewhere that threads using native thread module in 2.6 dont make use of multiple cores. is that true? I even implemented it using stackless python however i am getting into weird errors [Update: a quick search showed that the stack less does not allows multiple cores So are their any other alternatives?] def Propagate(start,end): print "running Thread with range: ",start,end def maxVote(nLabels): count = {} maxList = [] maxCount = 0 for nLabel in nLabels: if nLabel in count: count[nLabel] += 1 else: count[nLabel] = 1 #Check if the count is max if count[nLabel] > maxCount: maxCount = count[nLabel]; maxList = [nLabel,] elif count[nLabel]==maxCount: maxList.append(nLabel) return random.choice(maxList) for num in range(start,end): node=MapList[num] nLabels = [Label[k] for k in Adj[node]] if (nLabels!=[]): Label[node] = maxVote(nLabels) else: Label[node]=node However in above code the values assigned to Label, that is the change in dictionary are lost. Above propagate function is used as callable for MicroThreads (i.e. TaskLets)

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  • Calculating a range of an exact number of values in Python

    - by Einar
    Hello, I'm building a range between two numbers (floats) and I'd like this range to be of an exact fixed length (no more, no less). range and arange work with steps, instead. To put things into pseudo Python, this is what I'd like to achieve: start_value = -7.5 end_value = 0.1 my_range = my_range_function(star_value, end_value, length=6) print my_range [-7.50,-5.98,-4.46,-2.94,-1.42,0.10] This is essentially equivalent to the R function seq which can specify a sequence of a given length. Is this possible in Python? Thanks.

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  • telnetlib python example

    - by de1337ed
    So I'm trying this really simple example given by the python docs: import getpass import sys import telnetlib HOST = "<HOST_IP>" user = raw_input("Enter your remote account: ") password = getpass.getpass() tn = telnetlib.Telnet(HOST) tn.read_until("login: ") tn.write(user + "\n") if password: tn.read_until("Password: ") tn.write(password + "\n") tn.write("ls\n") tn.write("exit\n") print tn.read_all() My issue is that it hangs at the end of the read_all()... It doesn't print anything out. I've never used this module before so I'm trying to get this really basic example to work before continuing. BTW, I'm using python 2.4 Thank you.

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  • Python proxy an application

    - by sharvey
    Does anyone know of a library that enables you to run an application inside some kind of sandbox, with virtual mouse and keyboard support. The use case would be to create some kind of visual test runner, that would replay all actions taken during recording and play them back. So far I found autopy, but the fact that it controls the real mouse position is problematic, because it prevents user interaction with other tools (debugger or anything) while running. Cross platform would be nice, but either windows or os x is fine. Python would be ideal but anything that you could create python bindings for would be ok too.

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  • Python: win32console import problem

    - by David
    I want to run wexpect (the windows port of pexpect) on my Windows 7 64-bit machine. I am getting the following error: C:\Program Files (x86)\wexpect\build\libwexpect.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files (x86)\wexpect\build\lib\wexpect.py", line 97, in raise ImportError(str(e) + "This package was intended for Windows like operating systems.") ImportError: No module named win32console This package requires the win32 python packages.This package was intended for Windows like operatin g systems. In the code it is failing on the following line: from win32console import * I am using Python 2.6.4. I cannot figure out how to install win32console.

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  • My python auto-login script is broken.

    - by user310392
    A long time ago, I wrote a little python script to automatically log me on to the wireless network at my office. Here is the code: #!/opt/local/bin/python from urllib2 import urlopen from ClientForm import ParseResponse try: if "Logged on as" in urlopen("https://MYWIRELESS.com/logon").read(): print "Already logged on." else: forms = ParseResponse(urlopen("https://MYWIRELESS.com/logon"), backwards_compat=False) form = forms[0] form["username"], form["password"] = "ME", "MYPASSWD" urlopen(form.click()) print "Logged on. (probably :-)"; except IOError, e: print "Couldn't connect to wireless login page:\n", e I changed computers recently, and it stopped working. Now, I get the error: File "login.txt", line 4, in <module> from ClientForm import ParseResponse ImportError: No module named ClientForm which makes it look like I don't have some package (ClientForm) installed, so I installed it (sudo port install py-clientform), but I still get the same error. Does anyone have an idea what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Why the good append syntax is so ugly, asks python newbie

    - by Cawas
    Now following my series of "python newbie questions" and based on another question. Go to http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html#other-languages-have-variables and scroll down to "Default Parameter Values". There you can find the following: def bad_append(new_item, a_list=[]): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list def good_append(new_item, a_list=None): if a_list is None: a_list = [] a_list.append(new_item) return a_list So, question here is: why is the "good" syntax over a known issue ugly like that in a programming language that promotes "elegant syntax" and "easy-to-use"? Why not just something in the definition itself, that the "argument" name is attached to a "localized" mutable object like: def better_append(new_item, a_list=[].local): a_list.append(new_item) return a_list I'm sure there would be a better way to do this syntax, but I'm also almost positive there's a good reason to why it hasn't been done. So, anyone happens to know why?

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  • running an outside program (executable) in python?

    - by Mesut
    Hello all, I just started working on python and I have been trying to run an outside executable form python. I have an executable for a program written in Fortran. Lets say the name for the executable is flow.exe. And my executable is lacated in C:\Documents and Settings\flow_model I tried both os.system and popen commands but so far couldnt make it work. The following code seems like opens the command window but wouldnt execute the model. # Import system modules import sys, string, os, arcgisscripting os.system("C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/flow.exe") Any suggestions out there? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Python Framework for small website

    - by mvid
    I am planning a small, simple website to showcase myself as an engineer. My preferred language is Python and I hope to use it to create my website. My pages will be mostly static, with some database stored posts/links. The site will be simple, but I would like to have freedom in how it operates. I plan on using CSS/JS for the design, so I really just need an easy way to throw a small amount of content around. Some frameworks I have come across: Flask cherry.py Pinax Are there any suggestions? Does anyone have any experience with Python on small/hobby websites?

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  • Python equivalent of Java's compareTo()

    - by astay13
    I'm doing a project in Python (3.2) for which I need to compare user defined objects. I'm used to OOP in Java, where one would define a compareTo() method in the class that specifies the natural ordering of that class, as in the example below: public class Foo { int a, b; public Foo(int aa, int bb) { a = aa; b = bb; } public int compareTo(Foo that) { // return a negative number if this < that // return 0 if this == that // return a positive number if this > that if (this.a == that.a) return this.b - that.b; else return this.a - that.a; } } I'm fairly new to classes/objects in Python, so I'd like to know what is the "pythonic" way to define the natural ordering of a class?

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  • Pass elements of a list as arguments to a function in python

    - by Wilduck
    I'm building a simple interpreter in python and I'm having trouble handling differing numbers of arguments to my functions. My current method is to get a list of the commands/arguments as follows. args = str(raw_input('>> ')).split() com = args.pop(0) Then to execute com, I check to see if it is in my dictionary of command- code mappings and if it is I call the function I have stored there. For a command with no arguments, this would look like: commands[com]() However, if a command had multiple arguments, I would want this: commands[com](args[0],args[1]) Is there some trick where I could pass some (or all) of the elements of my arg list to the function that I'm trying to call? Or is there a better way of implementing this without having to use python's cmd class?

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  • exceptions with python unicode encode/decode functions (why doesn't errors=ignore actually ignore th

    - by gatoatigrado
    Does anyone know why the string conversion functions throw exceptions when errors="ignore" is passed? How can I convert from regular Python string objects to unicode without errors being thrown? Thanks very much! python -c "import codecs; codecs.open('tmp', 'wb', encoding='utf8', errors='ignore').write('?????')" returns Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.py", line 686, in write return self.writer.write(data) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.py", line 351, in write data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors) UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

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  • Python hooks navigation logger windows

    - by user363054
    Hi, I´m trying to do a path logger (Navigation logger) in Python, the thing that I need is that the program can get the paths that de user is accesing in real time, for example: C:\Documents and Settings\ C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\ C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\ C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\archivos\ C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Freescale ZeD 1.1.0.lnk C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\Freescale BeeKit.lnk C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Desktop\PowerISO.lnk Someone knows how I can do this? I read and used the library pyhook, because I think that I need hooks, specially the WH_GETMESSAGE but pyhook doesn't use it and doesn't give the path only things like the Message, the time, the name of the window, etc. Note: I´m using Windows XP 32bits and python 2.6 Thanks in advance!

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  • hierarchical clustering with gene expression matrix in python

    - by user248237
    how can I do a hierarchical clustering (in this case for gene expression data) in Python in a way that shows the matrix of gene expression values along with the dendrogram? What I mean is like the example here: http://www.mathworks.cn/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/bioinfo/ug/a1060813239b1.html shown after bullet point 6 (Figure 1), where the dendrogram is plotted to the left of the gene expression matrix, where the rows have been reordered to reflect the clustering. How can I do this in Python using numpy/scipy or other tools? Also, is it computationally practical to do this with a matrix of about 11,000 genes, using euclidean distance as a metric? thanks.

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  • python: iif or (x ? a : b)

    - by Albert
    If Python would support the (x ? a : b) syntax from C/C++, I would write: print paid ? ("paid: " + str(paid) + " €") : "not paid" I really don't want to have an if-check and two independent prints here (because that is only an example above, in my code, it looks much more complicated and would really be stupid to have almost the same code twice). However, Python does not support this operator or any similar operator (afaik). What is the easiest/cleanest/most common way to do this? I have searched a bit and seen someone defining an iif(cond,iftrue,iffalse) function, inspired from Visual Basic. I wondered if I really have to add that code and if/why there is no such basic function in the standard library.

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