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  • Windows 7 boot problem (with colorful blinking smilies)

    - by Ishmael Smyrnow
    I put my computer (Windows 7) to sleep, and a couple hours later, tried to wake it back up, but the monitor wouldn't come back on. I did a hard reset (held power button), but I still couldn't get the monitor to show anything. I plugged it into my laptop, and the monitor works fine. I then swapped out the video card with an older one I have. The monitor came on and started showing the boot process. However, shortly after the Windows 7 animated logo came up, the screen went blank, it made this weird beeping noise, and I seen the strangest thing ever. Small, colorful blocks started to fill my screen, and flash, as if something was loading. Inside of those blocks, were smilies (like the ASCII character kind). This continued for about a minute, then the computer rebooted. It scared the sh!t out of me. I've never had a virus before, and I'm savvy enough to keep myself from one, but I'm wondering if that's what it was. I've been using computers for ages, and never seen anything quite like this. Has anyone ever seen something like this? I'm doing hardware diagnostics before trying to boot into Windows again. Hopefully I can figure this out, but I thought I would consult the SU community while I wait on these results. -- UPDATE -- I did a Memory Diagnostic, which turned up nothing. I also booted into Safe Mode no problem, and scheduled a disk check on both of my drives (I dual boot XP & 7). I was feeling good, and tried putting my regular video card back in, and the monitor won't display anything with it. Also, even though the monitor displays nothing, the system sounds like it's booting up. However, I hear a clicking in one of my hard drives that isn't there with the older video card. Could this be a problem with my hard drive, video card, or PSU? PSU makes sense, except for the fact I've been using the same setup for over a year, and the video card doesn't require it's own power plug thing.

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  • How can I forward ALL traffic over a site-to-site VPN on Cisco ASA?

    - by Scott Clements
    Hi There, I currently have two Cisco ASA 5100 routers. They are at different physical sites and are configured with a site-to-site VPN which is active and working. I can communicate with the subnets on either site from the other and both are connected to the internet, however I need to ensure that all the traffic at my remote site goes through this VPN to my site here. I know that the web traffic is doing so as a "tracert" confirms this, but I need to ensure that all other network traffic is being directed over this VPN to my network here. Here is my config for the ASA router at my remote site: hostname ciscoasa domain-name xxxxx enable password 78rl4MkMED8xiJ3g encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0/0 nameif NIACEDC security-level 100 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/1 description External Janet Connection nameif JANET security-level 0 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.248 ! interface Ethernet0/2 shutdown no nameif security-level 100 no ip address ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown no nameif security-level 100 ip address dhcp setroute ! interface Management0/0 nameif management security-level 100 ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 management-only ! passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 clock summer-time GMT/BDT recurring last Sun Mar 1:00 last Sun Oct 2:00 dns domain-lookup NIACEDC dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 154.32.105.18 name-server 154.32.107.18 domain-name XXXX same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface access-list ren_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list ren_access_in extended permit tcp any any access-list ren_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list NIACEDC_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list JANET_20_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 access-list NIACEDC_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list NIACEDC_access_in extended permit tcp any any access-list JANET_access_out extended permit ip any any access-list NIACEDC_access_out extended permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu NIACEDC 1500 mtu JANET 1500 mtu management 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-522.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat-control global (NIACEDC) 1 interface global (JANET) 1 interface nat (NIACEDC) 0 access-list NIACEDC_nat0_outbound nat (NIACEDC) 1 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 access-group NIACEDC_access_in in interface NIACEDC access-group NIACEDC_access_out out interface NIACEDC access-group JANET_access_out out interface JANET route JANET 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 194.82.121.82 1 route JANET 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.248 tunneled timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute http server enable http 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 NIACEDC http 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 management http 192.168.9.0 255.255.255.0 NIACEDC no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto map JANET_map 20 match address JANET_20_cryptomap crypto map JANET_map 20 set pfs crypto map JANET_map 20 set peer X.X.X.X crypto map JANET_map 20 set transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA crypto map JANET_map interface JANET crypto isakmp enable JANET crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 30 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 50 authentication pre-share encryption aes-256 hash sha group 5 lifetime 86400 tunnel-group X.X.X.X type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group X.X.X.X ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd address 192.168.100.2-192.168.100.254 management dhcpd enable management ! ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect http ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context no asdm history enable Thanks in advance, Scott

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  • How to diagnose repeated "Starting up database '<dbname>'"

    - by Richard Slater
    I have a SQL 2008 server which is predominantly used as a development server, in the last two weeks it has been having occasional "fits", I have isolated the cause of these fits as CHECKDB being run almost continuiously, the following log information is logged to the Windows Event Log (Source: MSSQLSERVER, Category: Server): Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName1'. Event: 1073758961, Message: Starting up database 'DBName2'. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. Event: 1073759397, Message: CHECKDB for database 'DBName1' finished without errors on 2010-07-19 20:29:26.993 (local time). This is an informational message only; no user action is required. This is repeated every 1-2 seconds untill SQL Server is restarted or the offending databases are detatched. I initially thought that it was a problem with the databases so I took a backup and restored them to a SQL Express instance, all of the data is in tact, and CHECKDB runs without problem. The two databases that were causing a problem last week were not being used; so I took full backups of them and detached the databases, this resolved the problem. However at 0100 GMT this morning to other totally unrelated databases started showing the same problems. There is nothing in the event log to suggest that something happened to the server such as a restart, there are no messages about processes crashing or issues being detected with the storage controller. Speaking to the owner of the company this computer has suffered from "gremlins" in the past, however advice was taken and the motherboard was replaced and the computer rebuilt, memory and processor are the same. Stats: O/S: Windows 2008 Standard Build 6002 CPU: 2x Pentium Dual-Core E5200 @ 2.5GHz RAM: 2GB SQL: 2008 Standard 10.0.2531 Edit: someone posted then deleted a comment about AutoClose, it was turned on on the databases affected. It seems that best practice is to disable it so I have done that with the folllowing. EXECUTE sp_MSforeachdb 'IF (''?'' NOT IN (''master'', ''tempdb'', ''msdb'', ''model'')) EXECUTE (''ALTER DATABASE [?] SET AUTO_CLOSE OFF WITH NO_WAIT'')' I won't know if the problem recurs for some time so I am still open to further answers.

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  • radvd is not assigning prefix

    - by Samik
    I'm currently trying to setup IPv6 address auto-configuration with router advertisement daemon (radvd) on a virtual machine running CentOS 6.5. But the eth0 interface is not obtaining that prefix. I've obtained the ULA prefix from here. Contents of /etc/sysctl.conf # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Disable netfilter on bridges. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 4294967296 Contents of /etc/radvd.conf # NOTE: there is no such thing as a working "by-default" configuration file. # At least the prefix needs to be specified. Please consult the radvd.conf(5) # man page and/or /usr/share/doc/radvd-*/radvd.conf.example for help. # # interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; MinRtrAdvInterval 3; MaxRtrAdvInterval 10; AdvDefaultPreference low; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; prefix fd8a:8d9d:808f:1::/64 { AdvOnLink on; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr on; }; }; Contents of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=52:54:00:74:d7:46 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=af5db1cb-e809-4098-be1a-5a74dbb767b1 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes I've also enabled radvd at startup through chkconfig. Though I noticed that radvd is starting after interfaces are brought up. I've tried restarting the network service afterwards but still I get the following link-local address only #ip -6 addr show 1: lo: mtu 16436 inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qlen 1000 inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe74:d746/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Edit: Based on the answer given by Sander Steffann I still need clarification on some points but I'm posting here what worked. Contents of /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=syslog-ng-server NETWORKING_IPV6=yes IPV6FORWARDING=yes Contents of /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=52:54:00:74:d7:46 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=af5db1cb-e809-4098-be1a-5a74dbb767b1 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no BOOTPROTO=dhcp IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6FORWARDING=no Removed following line from /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1 Contents of /etc/radvd.conf is as previous.

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  • OS X Snow Leopard 10.6 Refuses to Load Websites the first time intermittently

    - by Brandon
    Many times when I am browsing the web, Snow Leopard will sit and load a site for 20 seconds or more, until it times out and says it cannot be displayed. If I refresh, it loads RIGHT away, every time. The issue is intermittent but happens from once every couple of days to a few times a day. So the long and short of it is this: Aluminum MacBook (Non-Pro) 2.4GHz Core2Duo, 4GB DDR3 I am using 10.6.6 but I have had this issue since 10.6.0 It happens in Firefox, Chrome, and Safari I have flushed my DNS (using the command 'blablabla flush') I am using custom DNS servers which I hoped would fix it but it had no effect* I am running Apache currently but haven't been for most of the time I've reformatted multiple times, always experiencing the issue I am on Cox cable internet, with a Motorola Surfboard & a Belkin F6D4230-4 v1 (Pre?) N wireless router. I've put the router in G only & N only & G+N to no effect It seems to be domain dependant as I can sometimes load the Google cache right away, and sometimes other sites will load but Google will refuse My Powerbook G4 with Leopard, other Windows XP laptops, & my wired Win7 desktop do not suffer from the issue. *I recently started using these to escape the awful Cox redirect page on timeouts I'm almost positive the issue has happened on other networks but I can't recall a specific instance (I have a terrible memory). The problem is intermittent and fixable enough (I just have to wait until it times out and hit refresh one time) but incredibly annoying since I'm constantly reading documentation from a large variety of sites. EDIT: To clarify, this happens with ALL sites, not only specific sites. I haven't been able to detect any pattern to the failures, but one day Google.com will refuse to load while reddit.com will, and the next day vice versa. Keep in mind that waiting for a timeout and hitting refresh loads the page right away, every time. If I don't wait for the timeout, opening more links, hitting refresh, and clicking the link a billion times have no effect. It seems to be domain neutral, affecting sites seemingly at random. It doesn't seem to have anything to do with connection inactivity either, because I will be SSHed into different servers, uploading files, browsing, downloading, etc, and it will just quit loading Jquery.com (for example) until I sit and wait for a timeout. /EDIT This is my last resort. Please, someone, tell me what is happening. Thank you.

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  • PHP 5.3.2 + Fcgid 2.3.5 + Apache 2.2.14 + SuExec => Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error readi

    - by Zigzag
    Hi, I'm trying to use PHP 5.3.2 + Fcgid 2.3.5 + Apache 2.2.14 but I always have the error : "Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server". And Apache returns an error 500 each time I tried to execute a php page : I have compiled the Apache with this options: ./configure --with-mpm=worker --enable-userdir=shared --enable-actions=shared --enable-alias=shared --enable-auth=shared --enable-so --enable-deflate \ --enable-cache=shared --enable-disk-cache=shared --enable-info=shared --enable-rewrite=shared \ --enable-suexec=shared --with-suexec-caller=www-data --with-suexec-userdir=site --with-suexec-logfile=/usr/local/apache2/logs/suexec.log --with-suexec-docroot=/home Then PHP: ./configure --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/apache2/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql --with-zlib --enable-exif --with-gd --enable-cgi Then FCdigd: APXS=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs ./configure.apxs The VHOST is: <Directory /home/website_panel/site/> FCGIWrapper /home/website_panel/cgi/php .php ... ErrorLog /home/website_panel/logs/error.log </Directory> cat /home/website_panel/logs/error.log [Sun Mar 07 22:19:41 2010] [warn] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Sun Mar 07 22:19:41 2010] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Premature end of script headers: test.php [Sun Mar 07 22:19:41 2010] [warn] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Sun Mar 07 22:19:41 2010] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Premature end of script headers: test.php [Sun Mar 07 22:19:42 2010] [warn] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Sun Mar 07 22:19:42 2010] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Premature end of script headers: test.php [Sun Mar 07 22:19:43 2010] [warn] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Sun Mar 07 22:19:43 2010] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Premature end of script headers: test.php The Suexec log: root:/usr/local/apache2# cat /var/log/apache2/suexec.log [2010-03-07 22:11:05]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:11:15]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:11:23]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:19:41]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:19:41]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:19:42]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php [2010-03-07 22:19:43]: uid: (1001/website_panel) gid: (1001/website_panel) cmd: php root:/usr/local/apache2# cat logs/error_log [Sun Mar 07 22:18:47 2010] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec) [Sun Mar 07 22:18:47 2010] [notice] mod_bw : Memory Allocated 0 bytes (each conf takes 32 bytes) [Sun Mar 07 22:18:47 2010] [notice] mod_bw : Version 0.7 - Initialized [0 Confs] [Sun Mar 07 22:18:47 2010] [notice] Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_fcgid/2.3.5 configured -- resuming normal operations root:/usr/local/apache2# /home/website_panel/cgi/php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Mar 7 2010 16:01:49) Copyright (c) 1997-2010 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Zend Technologies If someone has got an idea, I want to hear it ^^ Thanks !

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  • Access denied to mysql cause by invalid server hostname bind address

    - by Mark
    I cannot login to mysql using the terminal. [root@fst mysql]# mysql -h localhost -u admin -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES) I am sure I have the correct password. The mysql is also running when I check status. The mysql database is also present in the directory /var/lib/mysql/. The host host.myi, host.myd and host.frm are present. By the way this a related to question on my previous problem MySQL server quit without updating PID file . Initially the problem arise when the root directory was full. To be able to login to directadmin and start mysql, I added a soft link of the /var/lib/mysql/ to /home/mysql. Since my database used up the most of the root directory. The root directory has 50Gb and /home has 1.5Gb. Somehow the /var/lib/mysql/idbdata1 is corrupted. So I move it to another location. Now, I can start the mysql server but I cannot login into it. Below are the contents from the myql logs. 121212 20:44:10 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/fst.srv.net.pid ended 121212 20:44:10 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 121212 20:44:10 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 121212 20:44:11 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121212 20:44:12 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306 121212 20:44:12 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0'; 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'. 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 121212 20:44:12 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.27-log' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) I guess there is something wrong with the bind address. How should I fix the problem?

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  • Users loggin to 3Com switches authenticated by radius not getting admin priv and no access available

    - by 3D1L
    Hi, Following the setup that I have for my Cisco devices, I got some basic level of functionality authenticating users that loggin to 3Com switches authenticated against a RADIUS server. Problem is that I can not get the user to obtain admin privileges. I'm using Microsoft's IAS service. According to 3Com documentation when configuring the access policy on IAS the value of 010600000003 have to be used to specify admin access level. That value have to be input in the Dial-in profile section: 010600000003 - indicates admin privileges 010600000002 - manager 010600000001 - monitor 010600000000 - visitor Here is the configuration on the switch: radius scheme system server-type standard primary authentication XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX accounting optional key authentication XXXXXX key accounting XXXXXX domain system scheme radius-scheme system local-user admin service-type ssh telnet terminal level 3 local-user manager service-type ssh telnet terminal level 2 local-user monitor service-type ssh telnet terminal level 1 The configuration is working with the IAS server because I can check user login events with the Eventviewer tool. Here is the output of the DISPLAY RADIUS command at the switch: [4500]disp radius SchemeName =system Index=0 Type=standard Primary Auth IP =XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Port=1645 State=active Primary Acct IP =127.0.0.1 Port=1646 State=active Second Auth IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1812 State=block Second Acct IP =0.0.0.0 Port=1813 State=block Auth Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Acct Server Encryption Key= XXXXXX Accounting method = optional TimeOutValue(in second)=3 RetryTimes=3 RealtimeACCT(in minute)=12 Permitted send realtime PKT failed counts =5 Retry sending times of noresponse acct-stop-PKT =500 Quiet-interval(min) =5 Username format =without-domain Data flow unit =Byte Packet unit =1 Total 1 RADIUS scheme(s). 1 listed Here is the output of the DISPLAY DOMAIN and DISPLAY CONNECTION commands after users log into the switch: [4500]display domain 0 Domain = system State = Active RADIUS Scheme = system Access-limit = Disable Domain User Template: Idle-cut = Disable Self-service = Disable Messenger Time = Disable Default Domain Name: system Total 1 domain(s).1 listed. [4500]display connection Index=0 ,Username=admin@system IP=0.0.0.0 Index=2 ,Username=user@system IP=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx On Unit 1:Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. Total 2 connections matched, 2 listed. [4500] Here is the DISP RADIUS STATISTICS: [4500] %Apr 2 00:23:39:957 2000 4500 SHELL/5/LOGIN:- 1 - ecajigas(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) in un it1 logindisp radius stat state statistic(total=1048): DEAD=1046 AuthProc=0 AuthSucc=0 AcctStart=0 RLTSend=0 RLTWait=2 AcctStop=0 OnLine=2 Stop=0 StateErr=0 Received and Sent packets statistic: Unit 1........................................ Sent PKT total :4 Received PKT total:1 Resend Times Resend total 1 1 2 1 Total 2 RADIUS received packets statistic: Code= 2,Num=1 ,Err=0 Code= 3,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code= 5,Num=0 ,Err=0 Code=11,Num=0 ,Err=0 Running statistic: RADIUS received messages statistic: Normal auth request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP auth request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Account request , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 Account off request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT auth timeout , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT acct_timeout , Num=3 , Err=1 , Succ=2 Realtime Account timer , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PKT response , Num=1 , Err=0 , Succ=1 EAP reauth_request , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Update ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 PORTAL access ack , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 Session ctrl pkt , Num=0 , Err=0 , Succ=0 RADIUS sent messages statistic: Auth accept , Num=0 Auth reject , Num=0 EAP auth replying , Num=0 Account success , Num=0 Account failure , Num=0 Cut req , Num=0 RecError_MSG_sum:0 SndMSG_Fail_sum :0 Timer_Err :0 Alloc_Mem_Err :0 State Mismatch :0 Other_Error :0 No-response-acct-stop packet =0 Discarded No-response-acct-stop packet for buffer overflow =0 The other problem is that when the RADIUS server is not available I can not log in to the switch. The switch have 3 local accounts but none of them works. How can I specify the switch to use the local accounts in case that the RADIUS service is not available?

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  • Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

    - by Mark
    I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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  • mod evasive not working properly on ubuntu 10.04

    - by Joe Hopfgartner
    I have an ubuntu 10.04 server where I installed mod_evasive using apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive I already tried several configurations, the result stays the same. The blocking does work, but randomly. I tried with low limis and long blocking periods as well as short limits. The behaviour I expect is that I can request websites until either page or site limit is reached per given interval. After that I expect to be blocked until I did not make another request for as long as the block period. However the behaviour is that I can request sites and after a while I get random 403 blocks, which increase and decrase in percentage, however they are very scattered. This is an output of siege, so you get an idea: HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.11 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.08 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 403 0.09 secs: 242 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.09 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.10 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt HTTP/1.1 200 0.08 secs: 75 bytes ==> /robots.txt The exac limits in place during this test run were: DOSHashTableSize 3097 DOSPageCount 10 DOSSiteCount 100 DOSPageInterval 10 DOSSiteInterval 10 DOSBlockingPeriod 120 DOSLogDir /var/log/mod_evasive DOSEmailNotify ***@gmail.com DOSWhitelist 127.0.0.1 So I would expect to be blocked at least 120 seconds after being blocked once. Any ideas aobut this? I also tried adding my configuration at different places (vhost, server config, directory context) and with of without ifmodule directive... This doesnt change anything.

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  • PHP: gethostbyname() suddenly no longer resolves names to IPs when run in Apache

    - by hurikhan77
    One of our older legacy servers which gets no further updates or reconfigurations suddenly stopped resolving hostnames to IPs when PHP is executed within Apache. However, it still works fine when executed from the CLI. From the RSS caches last modification time, I deduce that it stopped working on around Mar, 28th. To reproduce the problem, I created a script using fsockopen() and it said "connection failed (errno 2)". I further reduced the problem to being related with a failed name resolution: <?php $addr = gethostbyname("twitter.com"); echo "ADDR($addr)"; ?> When I run this through Apache, the output is ADDR(twitter.com), which is wrong. When I run this from the CLI, the output is ADDR(aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd) with varying IP addresses, as expected. Nothing on the server setup has changed. CLI and Apache module share the same php.ini. PHP is version v4.4.9 with Zend Optimizer v2.5.10. Apache is v1.3.31. I know the versions are old. But since nothing has been changed, a solution like "try to upgrade versions first" is no solution as the server's feature set/versioning is frozen and will be replaced soon. Still we need a solution. If I run dig through the script, it works in both environments (mod_php and CLI) but this is more than an ugly hack as it would involve many edits and testing throughout the whole script base which is also undesired as the PHP application on the server is frozen, too, and only receives security updates. It will be replaced by a complete rewrite (on the new server). But as the rewrite will take some time and successive replace parts of the legacy application, we need a fix for the resolver problem. I already googled a bit and while the problem is known, many did not find a fix. The fix to raise memory limits did not work. Restarts did not work. The resolver in mod_php just did stop working for no apparent reason. :-(

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  • Memcached Debuging/Server Logs Monitor the Memcached Servers?

    - by user1179459
    I have chat engine which is based on the Memcached variables, putting them into arrays and reading them in other end via jquery, which works fine 95% of the times, however when the server load is high memcached (presume its the memcached) the crash and browser gets stucks up. I dont think its jquery issue since this only happens when the server load is very high. I need a way to monitor the memcached servers or somehow write a log file into where the fails/errors comes in... Any idea on how i can do this ? or any idea why memcached servers fails ? I run the memcached as follows $GLOBALS['MemCached'] = FALSE; $GLOBALS['MemCached'] = new Memcache; $GLOBALS['MemCached']->pconnect('localhost', 11211); My memcached config is as follows #! /bin/sh # # chkconfig: - 55 45 # description: The memcached daemon is a network memory cache service. # processname: memcached # config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached # pidfile: /var/run/memcached/memcached.pid # Standard LSB functions #. /lib/lsb/init-functions # Source function library. . /etc/init.d/functions PORT=11211 USER=memcached MAXCONN=1024 CACHESIZE=128 OPTIONS="" if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/memcached ];then . /etc/sysconfig/memcached fi # Check that networking is up. . /etc/sysconfig/network if [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] then exit 0 fi RETVAL=0 prog="memcached" pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/memcached/memcached.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/memcached} start () { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " # Ensure that /var/run/memcached has proper permissions if [ "`stat -c %U /var/run/memcached`" != "$USER" ]; then chown $USER /var/run/memcached fi daemon --pidfile ${pidfile} memcached -d -p $PORT -u $USER -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P ${pidfile} $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch ${lockfile} } stop () { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} /usr/bin/memcached RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} fi } restart () { stop start } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p ${pidfile} memcached RETVAL=$? ;; restart|reload|force-reload) restart ;; condrestart|try-restart) [ -f ${lockfile} ] && restart || : ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|condrestart|try-restart}" RETVAL=2 ;; esac exit $RETVAL

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  • GNU/Linux swapping blocks system

    - by Ole Tange
    I have used GNU/Linux on systems from 4 MB RAM to 512 GB RAM. When they start swapping, most of the time you can still log in and kill off the offending process - you just have to be 100-1000 times more patient. On my new 32 GB system that has changed: It blocks when it starts swapping. Sometimes with full disk activity but other times with no disk activity. To examine what might be the issue I have written this program. The idea is: 1 grab 3% of the memory free right now 2 if that caused swap to increase: stop 3 keep the chunk used for 30 seconds by forking off 4 goto 1 - #!/usr/bin/perl sub freekb { my $free = `free|grep buffers/cache`; my @a=split / +/,$free; return $a[3]; } sub swapkb { my $swap = `free|grep Swap:`; my @a=split / +/,$swap; return $a[2]; } my $swap = swapkb(); my $lastswap = $swap; my $free; while($lastswap >= $swap) { print "$swap $free"; $lastswap = $swap; $swap = swapkb(); $free = freekb(); my $used_mem = "x"x(1024 * $free * 0.03); if(not fork()) { sleep 30; exit(); } } print "Swap increased $swap $lastswap\n"; Running the program forever ought to keep the system at the limit of swapping, but only grabbing a minimal amount of swap and do that very slowly (i.e. a few MB at a time at most). If I run: forever free | stdbuf -o0 timestamp > freelog I ought to see swap slowly rising every second. (forever and timestamp from https://github.com/ole-tange/tangetools). But that is not the behaviour I see: I see swap increasing in jumps and that the system is completely blocked during these jumps. Here the system is blocked for 30 seconds with the swap usage increases with 1 GB: secs 169.527 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 170.531 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 200.630 Swap: 18440184 1134240 17305944 210.259 Swap: 18440184 1076228 17363956 Blocked: 21 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 307.773 Swap: 18440184 581324 17858860 308.799 Swap: 18440184 597676 17842508 330.103 Swap: 18440184 2503020 15937164 331.106 Swap: 18440184 2502936 15937248 Blocked: 20 secs. Swap increase 2200 MB: 751.283 Swap: 18440184 885288 17554896 752.286 Swap: 18440184 911676 17528508 772.331 Swap: 18440184 3193532 15246652 773.333 Swap: 18440184 1404540 17035644 Blocked: 37 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 904.068 Swap: 18440184 613108 17827076 905.072 Swap: 18440184 610368 17829816 942.424 Swap: 18440184 3014668 15425516 942.610 Swap: 18440184 2073580 16366604 This is bad enough, but what is even worse is that the system sometimes stops responding at all - even if I wait for hours. I have the feeling it is related to the swapping issue, but I cannot tell for sure. My first idea was to tweak /proc/sys/vm/swappiness from 60 to 0 or 100, just to see if that had any effect at all. 0 did not have an effect, but 100 did cause the problem to arise less often. How can I prevent the system from blocking for such a long time? Why does it decide to swapout 1-3 GB when less than 10 MB would suffice?

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  • Stop squid caching 302 and 307 with deny_info

    - by 0xception
    TLDR: 302, 307 and Error pages are being cached. Need to force a refresh of the content. Long version: I've setup a very minimal squid instance running on a gateway which shouldn't not cache ANYTHING but needs to be solely used as a domain based web filter. I'm using another application which redirects un-authenticated users to the proxy which then uses the deny_info option redirects any non-whitelisted request to the login page. After the user has authenticated the firewall rule gets placed so they no longer get sent to the proxy. The problem is that when a user hits a website (xkcd.com) they are unauthenticated so they get redirected via the firewall: iptables -A unknown-user -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 39135 to the proxy at this point squid redirects the user to the login page using a 302 (i've also tried 307, and i've also make sure the headers are set to no-cache and/or no-store for Cache-Control and Pragma). Then when the user logs into the system they get firewall rule which no longer directs them to the squid proxy. But if they go to xkcd.com again they will have the original redirection page cached and will once again get the login page. Any idea how to force these redirects to NOT be cached by the browser? Perhaps this is a problem w/ the browsers and not squid, but not sure how to get around it. Full squid config below. # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 acl localnet src 192.168.182.0/23 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl https port 443 acl http port 80 acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Disable Cache # cache deny all via off negative_ttl 0 seconds refresh_all_ims on #error_default_language en # Allow manager access only from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny access to anything other then http http_access deny !http # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !https visible_hostname gate.ovatn.net # Disable memory pooling memory_pools off # Never use neigh cache objects for cgi-bin scripts hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # # URL rewrite Test Settings # #acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" #url_rewrite_program /usr/lib/squid/redirector #url_rewrite_access allow !whitelist #url_rewrite_children 5 startup=0 idle=1 concurrency=0 #http_access allow all # # Deny Info Error Test # acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" deny_info http://login.domain.com/ whitelist #deny_info ERR_ACCESS_DENIED whitelist http_access deny !whitelist http_access allow whitelist http_port 39135 transparent ## Debug Values access_log /var/log/squid/access-pre.log cache_log /var/log/squid/cache-pre.log # Production Values #access_log /dev/null #cache_log /dev/null # Set PID file pid_filename /var/run/gatekeeper-pre.pid SOLUTION: I believe I might have found a solution to this. After days and days trying to figure it out, only through a random stumble I found client_persistent_connections off server_persistent_connections off This did the trick. So it wasn't so much cache as it was a single persistent connection messing things up. W000T!

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  • Unable to make the session state request to the session state server

    - by Angry_IT_Guru
    For about 4-5 months now, I seem to be having this sporadic issue--mainly during our busiest time of the day between 10:30-11:45AM, where all my Windows 2003 web servers in a Microsoft NLB cluster start throwing session state server errors. A sample error is below. System.Web.HttpException: Unable to make the session state request to the session state server. Please ensure that the ASP.NET State service is started and that the client and server ports are the same. If the server is on a remote machine, please ensure that it accepts remote requests by checking the value of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\aspnet_state\Parameters\AllowRemoteConnection. If the server is on the local machine, and if the before mentioned registry value does not exist or is set to 0, then the state server connection string must use either 'localhost' or '127.0.0.1' as the server name. at System.Web.SessionState.OutOfProcSessionStateStore.MakeRequest(StateProtocolVerb verb, String id, StateProtocolExclusive exclusiveAccess, Int32 extraFlags, Int32 timeout, Int32 lockCookie, Byte[] buf, Int32 cb, Int32 networkTimeout, SessionNDMakeRequestResults& results) at System.Web.SessionState.OutOfProcSessionStateStore.SetAndReleaseItemExclusive(HttpContext context, String id, SessionStateStoreData item, Object lockId, Boolean newItem) at System.Web.SessionState.SessionStateModule.OnReleaseState(Object source, EventArgs eventArgs) at System.Web.HttpApplication.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) Now I'm using ASP.NET State service on a centralized back-end Windows 2003 server that all servers communicate to. I was originally using SQL Server state for a couple years as well prior to having this issue. The problem with SQL wqas that when the issue occurred, it created a blocking situation which essentially impacted all users across all servers. The product company recommended that I use the standard ASP.NET State service as that was what they technically supported. Why this would make a difference is beyond me -- but I had no choice but to try it! I have attempted to create multiple application pools, adding additional servers, chaning TCP/IP timeout from 20 to 30 seconds, and even calling Microsoft ASP.NET product support, with very little success. I even recommended that they review whether they are using read-only session state instead of read/write per page request -- as I understand that this basically causes every page to make round-trips to state server even if state isn't being used on the page. Unfortunately, the application is developed by our product company and they insist that it is something with my environment because other clients do not have these sort of issues. However, I've talked to other clients and they tell me when they've seen issues like they, they've basically had to create another web farm. This issue almost seems like I've simply reached some architectural limit within the application... Microsoft's position on the issue is that the session state needs to be reduced and the returncode being reported back from the state server indicates buffers are full. To better understand the scope of issues (rather than wait for customers to call and complain), I installed ELMAH and configured it to send me e-mails when unhandled exceptions occur. I basically get 500-1000 e-mails during the time period of high activity! If any one has any other ideas I could try or better ways to troubleshoot, I'd appreciate it.

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  • What "pieces" are needed in order to set up a cluster of physical servers?

    - by Chris Dutrow
    Background: Currently, we use Rackspace cloud servers. We have no intention to stop using them, but would like to look into setting up a cluster of physical servers (probably desktop computers in the $400 range with 8gb memory each) to offset some of our load and work as a secondary, more powerful, less reliable system. To put things in perspective, we can buy comparable desktop computers for the same price as we pay in one month to rent them on Rackspace Cloud. I understand that this is generally a dumb idea. However, in this particular instance, the server cluster is needed for its computation power. It is not mission-critical, it does not host a consumer-facing website, and if it goes down for a day or two, its not really a problem. Currently, we have access to business class verizon fios. If I understand correctly, we can get at least 25 dedicated IP addresses with this service, this should be enough. Requirements: Each server runs Linux Centos 6.3 Some of the servers run Python and execute processes from a task queue (Redis or RabbitMQ) Some of the servers are capable of serving static files and Python driven REST APIs Some of the servers host a Cassandra database cluster One or more of the servers are a Redis database servers One or more of the servers are PostgreSQL servers Questions: What kind of router or switch is needed? We would like the computers to be able to communicate effectively with each other via internal IP addresses. This is especially important for communicating with servers hosting Redis that need to be able to respond to requests very quickly. Are there special switches or routers that need to be used to connect the servers together? Are Desktop computers ok for this? We have found that we are mostly RAM-bottle necked, I understand that some servers have highly superior CPUs, but I'm not sure we need CPU power as much as we need RAM, which is cheap in Desktop computers. Will we have problems with the WIFI cards in the desktops or any other unexpected hardware limitation? What tools should be used to "image" the servers. For example, when we get an installation right for a Redis server or Cassandra node, are there tools that come with Linux Centos 6.3 to image the server to a USB drive or something like that? Or do we need to use some other software for this? What other things are we missing that we should be concerned about? Thanks so much!

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  • Root directory permissions on Mac OS X 10.6?

    - by Agos
    Hi, I was wondering if it's normal that the root directory / should be owned by “root”. I get asked for my password every time I want to do something there (e.g. save a file, create a directory) and I don't remember this happening before (though this may just be my faulty memory). Here's the relevant terminal output: MacBook:~ ago$ ls -lah / total 37311 drwxr-xr-x@ 35 root staff 1,2K 22 Mar 12:34 . drwxr-xr-x@ 35 root staff 1,2K 22 Mar 12:34 .. -rw-rw-r--@ 1 root admin 21K 22 Mar 10:21 .DS_Store drwx------ 3 root admin 102B 28 Feb 2008 .Spotlight-V100 d-wx-wx-wt 2 root admin 68B 31 Ago 2009 .Trashes -rw-r--r--@ 1 ago 501 45K 23 Gen 2008 .VolumeIcon.icns srwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 0B 22 Mar 12:34 .dbfseventsd ---------- 1 root admin 0B 23 Giu 2009 .file drwx------ 27 root admin 918B 22 Mar 10:55 .fseventsd -rw-r--r--@ 1 ago admin 59B 30 Ott 2007 .hidden -rw------- 1 root wheel 320K 30 Nov 11:42 .hotfiles.btree drwxr-xr-x@ 2 root wheel 68B 18 Mag 2009 .vol drwxrwxr-x+ 276 root admin 9,2K 19 Mar 18:28 Applications drwxrwxr-x@ 21 root admin 714B 14 Nov 12:01 Developer drwxrwxr-t+ 74 root admin 2,5K 18 Dic 22:14 Library drwxr-xr-x@ 2 root wheel 68B 23 Giu 2009 Network drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 136B 13 Nov 17:49 System drwxr-xr-x 6 root admin 204B 31 Ago 2009 Users drwxrwxrwt@ 4 root admin 136B 22 Mar 12:35 Volumes drwxr-xr-x@ 39 root wheel 1,3K 13 Nov 17:44 bin drwxrwxr-t@ 2 root admin 68B 23 Giu 2009 cores dr-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 5,1K 17 Mar 11:29 dev lrwxr-xr-x@ 1 root wheel 11B 31 Ago 2009 etc -> private/etc dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1B 17 Mar 11:30 home drwxrwxrwt@ 3 root wheel 102B 31 Ago 2009 lost+found -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 18M 3 Nov 19:40 mach_kernel dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1B 17 Mar 11:30 net drwxr-xr-x@ 3 root admin 102B 24 Nov 2007 opt drwxr-xr-x@ 6 root wheel 204B 31 Ago 2009 private drwxr-xr-x@ 64 root wheel 2,1K 13 Nov 17:44 sbin lrwxr-xr-x@ 1 root wheel 11B 31 Ago 2009 tmp -> private/tmp drwxr-xr-x@ 17 root wheel 578B 12 Set 2009 usr lrwxr-xr-x@ 1 root wheel 11B 31 Ago 2009 var -> private/var Are these ownerships / permissions ok? Should I chmod/chown something? Thanks in advance

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  • Troubleshooting major performance issue: Is culprit Intel RST, Hard drive, or something else?

    - by Sean Killeen
    The Setup I have the following components that come into play in this situation: ASUS P8Z68 V/PRO motherboard a RAID1 configuration (1x 1TB drive, 1 x 2TB drive -- I explain below), accelerated with an SSD using Intel's RST software, and 1 TB drive standing by as a spare. Core i7 2600k 32 GB RAM Windows 8.1 This box was designed to be beast, and until just recently, was very good at being just that. What's Happening The system has slowed to a crawl whenever it touches the disk. Things appear to work at normal speed when dealing with memory. For example, typing this is fine, but saving it to disk from notepad gave me a 5-7 second pause when clicking save. The disks appear to be at 100% all the time (e.g. the light on the disk access on the PC is solidly on -- not even any flashing) In ProcExp it appears that the disk is barely being utilized at all: Intel RST reports that everything is fine: Other Details Prior to this happening, RST had reported that my drives were failing (one went bad, one was throwing SMART events). This made sense; they were at the tail end of their warranty and the PC is on almost all the time. I RMA'd the drives via Seagate. In the meantime, I'd purchased a 2TB drive because I didn't realize that the 1TB drives were under warranty. I figured I'd replace the other 1 TB drive with another 2 TB when it died but then discovered the warranty. AFAIK, I haven't done any major updates since 8.1 and it worked fine after those. Question(s) How can I troubleshoot this? What is the best way to try to figure out why disks are being maxed out despite the OS reporting barely any disk usage and that everything is OK? Given the failures, etc. that I describe above, is it possible that the problem could be the I/O on the motherboard itself? If so, how would I even be able to diagnose it? I'm betting the drives that Seagate gave me are refurbished (didn't think to look; that's dumb). Is it possible that the same model drive, refurbished, could somehow cause this? In terms of how RAID1 works, is it possible that one drive is "falling behind" somehow, and that the RAID1 is constantly trying to fix the mirroring? If so, this seems like Intel RST would report on it, but I wanted to consider it as an option.

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  • Encrypted off-site data storage

    - by Dan
    My business has a rather unique problem. We work in China and we want to implement a file server paradigm which does not store any files locally, but rather in a server overseas. Applications would be saved onto our local machines, but data would be loaded directly into memory from the cloud, e.g. I load a docx into word at the beginning of the day, saving periodically to the cloud as I work on it, and turn off my computer at night, with nothing saved locally. Considering recent events, we worry about being raided by the Chinese authorities, and although all our data is encrypted, it would not be hard for the authorities to force us to give up the keys. So the goal is not to have anything compromising physically in China. We have about 20 computers, and we need an authenticated, encrypted connection with this overseas file server. A system with Active-Directory-like permissions would be best, so that only management can read or write to certain files, or workers can only access files that relate to their projects, and to which all access can be cut off should the need arise. The file server itself would also need to be encrypted. And for convenience, it would be nice if this system was integrated with each computer's file explorer (like skydrive or dropbox does, but, again, without saving a copy locally), rather than through a browser. I can't find any solution online. Does anyone know of a service that does this? Otherwise I'll have to do it myself (which kinda sounds fun, but I don't really have the time), and I'm not sure where to start. Amazon maybe. But the protocols that offices would use on their intranet typically aren't encrypted; we need all traffic securely tunneled out of the country. Each computer already has a VPN to a server in California, but I'm unsure whether it would be efficient to pipe file transfers through it. Let me know if anyone has any ideas. And this is my first post; feel free say whether this question is inappropriate/needs to be posted elsewhere.

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  • DNS lookups failing somewhere between firewall and router

    - by TessellatingHeckler
    we have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch == Intel load balanced NICS in a server. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working on the server. No changes that I know of, so I can't work backwards from there. It was configured with the ISP's DNS servers, neither network device does DNS relaying. Wireshark shows the request go out but nothing comes back. The server networking stack seems OK though, because if we query an internal DNS server on a remote site, that works. I can logon to the Cisco, and DNS resolves OK from the command line. I can logon to the ZyWall, and DNS does not resolve from the command line. So the problem seems to be the firewall, patch cable or router, yes? On the router: interface Ethernet0 ip address aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd 255.255.255.ddd ip tcp adjust-mss 1450 hold-queue 100 out On the firewall: DNS server set to 8.8.8.8 (Google's), DNS traffic allowed LAN-WAN. What else should I look for? Update: Following This guide I've got traffic logging on the Cisco. I have also got access to a public DNS server which I can run tcpdump on to see things from the other side. And as per the below comments, I've tested with Dig and see that DNS over TCP works, and over UDP does not. Currently: DNS request from the server using TCP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, and in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS request from the server using UDP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, does NOT show in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS request from the cisco (using UDP) does show up in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. Ping requests from the server and the cisco to the DNS server show up in tcpdump on the DNS server. DNS request from the server using UDP does show up on the firewall. Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works over the ADSL and to the Cisco, and it works from the server to the Cisco, but it doesn't cross the Cisco properly, it seems. I did see the Cisco showing as connected at 10Mb/full-duplex internally, and the firewall showing as 100Mb/full-duplex externally. I have forced the firewall to 10Mb and rebooted both devices. That seemed to help get UDP traffic (server-firewall-cisco) instead of (server-firewall), but did not fix it. Update: Sanitized Cisco config: version 12.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname cisco ! logging queue-limit 100 enable secret 5 {password} enable password 7 {password} ! ip subnet-zero ip domain name example.org ip name-server {nameserver_IP} ! ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 no ftp-server write-enable ! interface Ethernet0 ip address {Inside_public_IP} 255.255.255.248 ip tcp adjust-mss 1460 hold-queue 100 out ! interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive pvc 0/38 encapsulation aal5mux ppp dialer dialer pool-member 1 ! dsl operating-mode auto ! interface Dialer1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer persistent no cdp enable ppp chap hostname {ADSL_Username} ppp chap password 7 {ADSL_Password} ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! access-list 23 permit {IP} dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run snmp-server enable traps tty ! {con, vty} end

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  • Linux bcm43224 wifi adapter slows down a couple minutes after boot

    - by Blubber
    I just installed Ubuntu on my mid 2012 MacBook Air. Everything worked out of the box, but the wifi is showing some weird behavior. When I first login it's really fast, loading google.com is near instant, and browsing in general feels at least as smooth as it did on Mac OS. However, after a couple minutes the connection slows down dramatically, sometimes it takes over 5s to load google.com, a simple reboot fixes the problem for another couple minutes. Specs: Wifi: 02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) Driver: open-source brcmsmac driver Kernel: Linux wega 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distro: Ubuntu 13.04 (uptodate) I tried a number of things, none of which actually helped Use proprietary sta driver from broadcom Installed firmware into /lib/firmware/brcms (which, as far as I can tell from logs, does not get loaded at all) Switch router to only use 2.4 OR 5 GHz Set router to only use a OR g OR n Set router to use AES encryption only Turned off power management on the adapter Set regulatory region to the correct value (NL) on both router and laptop Disable ipv6 Nothing seems to help, the slowdown always occurs. I did notice that the latency (ping google.com) stays roughly the same (around 9ms). Below is some more information that might be of use. $ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4353] (rev 01) Subsystem: Apple Inc. Device [106b:00e9] Kernel driver in use: bcma-pci-bridge $ rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no $ lsmod Module Size Used by dm_crypt 22820 1 arc4 12615 2 brcmsmac 550698 0 coretemp 13355 0 kvm_intel 132891 0 parport_pc 28152 0 kvm 443165 1 kvm_intel ppdev 17073 0 cordic 12574 1 brcmsmac brcmutil 14755 1 brcmsmac mac80211 606457 1 brcmsmac cfg80211 510937 2 brcmsmac,mac80211 bnep 18036 2 rfcomm 42641 12 joydev 17377 0 applesmc 19353 0 input_polldev 13896 1 applesmc snd_hda_codec_hdmi 36913 1 microcode 22881 0 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 23829 1 nls_iso8859_1 12713 1 uvcvideo 80847 0 btusb 22474 0 snd_hda_intel 39619 3 videobuf2_vmalloc 13056 1 uvcvideo snd_hda_codec 136453 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_cirrus bcm5974 17347 0 bluetooth 228619 22 bnep,btusb,rfcomm snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec lpc_ich 17061 0 videobuf2_memops 13202 1 videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_core 40513 1 uvcvideo videodev 129260 2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core bcma 41051 1 brcmsmac snd_pcm 97451 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30180 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61554 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29425 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 68876 16 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_cirrus mei 41158 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd apple_bl 13673 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 46345 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc usb_storage 57204 0 hid_apple 13237 0 hid_generic 12540 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55399 399 aes_x86_64 17255 1 aesni_intel xts 12885 1 aesni_intel lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 2 lrw,xts ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20373 4 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper i915 600351 3 ahci 25731 3 libahci 31364 1 ahci video 19390 1 i915 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 49394 1 i915 usbhid 47074 0 drm 286313 4 i915,drm_kms_helper hid 101002 3 hid_generic,usbhid,hid_apple $ dmesg | egrep 'b43|bcma|brcm|[F]irm' [ 0.055025] [Firmware Bug]: ioapic 2 has no mapping iommu, interrupt remapping will be disabled [ 0.152336] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored [ 2.187681] pci_root PNP0A08:00: [Firmware Info]: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-99] only partially covers this bridge [ 12.553600] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 12.553657] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 0xA8D8, rev 0x01 and package 0x08 [ 12.553688] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x22, class 0x0) [ 12.553715] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x17, class 0x0) [ 12.553764] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x0F, class 0x0) [ 12.605777] bcma: bus0: Bus registered [ 12.852925] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 23 class 0 irq 17 [ 13.085176] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement) [ 13.085186] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement) [ 20.862617] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated [ 20.862622] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement) [ 20.862625] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement) [ 20.897957] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement) $ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"wlan" Mode:Managed Frequency:5.22 GHz Access Point: E0:46:9A:4E:63:9A Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=17 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=63/70 Signal level=-47 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:13 Invalid misc:56 Missed beacon:0

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  • How to stop a random ramp in FCGI Processes Killing the server

    - by Andy Main
    So got the below earlier to day... Around that time the logs show a ramp in processes(600) and associated memory (1.2g), cpu usage load average (80) untill the server gave out. Server had to be hard reset by host as there was no ssh or plesk panel access. Fast CGI is configured as below and is setup for one high use site. As I understand it FcgidMaxProcesses 20 should protect against what happen but has not. I've read many forums with differing answers and references to many different fcgi directives, but have found nothing conclusive. Any one got some definitive answers on how to stop this sort of server process ramping and subsequent server failure? If you need more info let me know. Cheers Andy  /var/log/apache2/error_log [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17650 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17649 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17644 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17643 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17638 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17633 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17627 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17622 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17674 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17673 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17672 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17667 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17666 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17665 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17664 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17659 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17658 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17657 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17656 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VRmFLWEZfR2VBb2M https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VWTcwZEhoV2Fqejg https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VUUtVWWFINHZjZ0U https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VZEVMclh6ZUdaOUE <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <IfModule !mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl </IfModule> FcgidIPCDir /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/sock FcgidProcessTableFile /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/shm FcgidIdleTimeout 40 FcgidProcessLifeTime 30 FcgidMaxProcesses 20 FcgidMaxProcessesPerClass 20 FcgidMinProcessesPerClass 0 FcgidConnectTimeout 30 FcgidIOTimeout 120 FcgidInitialEnv RAILS_ENV production FcgidIdleScanInterval 10 FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </IfModule>

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  • Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

    - by wazoox
    I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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  • mysql: job failded to start. mysqld.sock is missing

    - by Freefri
    How can I fix this and start mysql-server? After /etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start I get the message start: "Job failed to start" And after # mysqld I get this: mysqld 121123 11:33:33 [ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/usr/share/mysql/errmsg.sys' 121123 11:33:33 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Unknown error 1146 121123 11:33:33 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121123 11:33:34 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675 121123 11:33:34 [ERROR] Aborting 121123 11:33:34 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 121123 11:33:35 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 121123 11:33:35 [Note] I try to do what mysql say me to do: mysql_upgrade Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed And yes, /var/run/mysql is empty: mysql_upgrade Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed And this is my file /etc/mysql/my.cnf # cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf |grep sock # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Then I try to reinstall mysql from cero: apt-get purge mysql-client mysql-common mysql-server rm -R /var/lib/mysql rm -R /etc/mysql rm -R /var/run/mysqld userdel mysql apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client Then, after typing my root password for mysql I get this error: | Unable to set password for the MySQL "root" user ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ An error occurred while setting the password for the MySQL administrative ¦ ¦ user. This may have happened because the account already has a password, or ¦ ¦ because of a communication problem with the MySQL server. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ You should check the account's password after the package installation. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ Please read the /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.5/README.Debian file for more ¦ ¦ information. And again I can't start mysql getting the same messages.

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  • Forms authentication failed between web server and sql server

    - by Matt Bear
    I've actually found the solution, but I'm trying to understand why it failed, and why my solution fixed the problem. We have an application that uses forms authentication between a web server and sql server, web server runs server 2008, sql server runs 2008 r2, and sql server 2008. In august the sql server was patched with .net 3.5.1, the web server was untouched, and the forms authentication continued to work. 1 week ago we virtualized the web server onto our vSphere server because of failing hardware. Afterwards the form authentication failed with event code 4005, detail code 50201, The ticket supplied was invalid (on the sql server). In fact the sql server started generating Schannel errors and began blue screening 3-4 times a day. At this point I touched the sql server for the first time(ever), the errors were non specific, any reference to them I could find had to do with either zone alarm(which we don't run), or memory errors. So I applied service pack 1, which stopped the blue screening, but did not fix the forms authentication. At this point we had a work around, so we put it on the back burner while we completed another project, and I was able to get back on it last night. First thing was to adjust some code in the webconfig file on the sql server, nothing, next was regenerate and change out the machine key, still no change. Update the DNS servers, no change. Finally I went through and installed all windows updates, two reboots, (over RDP installed a network card driver which failed, and did not have my server room key, that was fun). After that, forms authentication was working again. And the sql server stopped generating as many errors, I've gotten two schannel errors since then. In short, forms authentication began failing when the web server was cloned onto a virtual machine, which caused the sql server to blue sceen? and forms authentication to fail. And could only be fixed by applying patches to the sql server?(I'm wishing I had patched the servers one at a time so I could know for sure which patch on which server fixed it). My question is why did it fail, and why did patching fix it? I hate fixing something without fully understanding the why and how.

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