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• How to force update-grub to use UUID?

  - by user276851

  When I run "update-grub", the file "grub.cfg" will contain lines like this. menuentry 'Ubuntu...' { ... linux /boot/vmlinuz... root=/dev/md124 ... ... } For the line of linux, is it possible to let it use UUID? Like, linux /boot/vmlinux... root=UUID=xxx Right now, every time after I do update-grub, I have to manually edit the line to use UUID. Otherwise, the boot will fail. Thanks for the help.

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• How to load the environment variables at boot time before X11 on Ubuntu Precise?

  - by Fnux

  Using Ubuntu Precise 64 bit, I'm facing a problem that I'm unable to solve and that I'll try to describe below: I'm using a console mode program (let's say abc) that uses Go, NodeJS, Java and Scala. In order for abc to work with these languages, I've to declare the following statements: a) within /etc/environment: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/share/java/scala-library.jar b) within /etc/login.defs ENV_SUPATH PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin ENV_PATH PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin c) a) within /etc/sudoers: `# env_reset Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin"` Then, when I start abc from a terminal, all is fine and I can use any of the 4 languages described above. However, if I put a script within /etc/init.d that starts abc during the boot process (i.e. before to start the GUI), using Java from abc still is fine, but using Go, NodeJS or Scala doesn't work anymore. Then, I guess that during the boot process, the script within /etc/init.d that starts abc is executed before that the different environment variables set within /etc/sudoers, /etc/environment and /etc/login.defs are loaded. So, my question is: how to force the environment variables to be loaded before that my script starting abc is launched? Any help and advice on this topic would be trully appreciated. TIA. Cheers. Thanks again to Mark and Danila. Below is the current "abc" script file that I put within /etc/init.d `#! /bin/sh ### EDIT: ADD THIS VARS DEFINITIONS: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/share/java/scala-library.jar "ENV_SUPATH PATH"="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" "ENV_PATH PATH"="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" "Defaults secure_path"="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" ##### EXPORT this VARS so they are accessible to children:" export "PATH" "CLASSPATH" "ENV_SUPATH PATH" "ENV_PATH PATH" "Defaults secure_path" `### BEGIN INIT INFO `# Provides: abc `# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog `# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog `# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 `# Default-Stop: 0 1 6 `# Short-Description: abc initscript `# Description: This iniscript starts and stops abc `### END INIT INFO `# Author: Fnux, fnux.fl at gmail dot com `# Version: 1.2 `# Note: (edit ABC_PATH if abc isn't installed in /opt/abc) NAME=abc ABC_PATH=/opt/abc START="-d" STOP="-k" VERSION="-v" SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME STARTMESG="\nStarting abc in deamon mode." UPMESG="\n$NAME is running." DOWNMESG="\n$NAME is not running." STATUS=`pidof $NAME` `# Exit if abc is not installed [ -x "$ABC_PATH/$NAME" ] || exit 0 case "$1" in start) echo $STARTMESG cd $ABC_PATH ./$NAME $START ;; stop) cd $ABC_PATH ./$NAME $STOP ;; status) if [ "$STATUS" > 0 ] ; then echo $UPMESG else echo $DOWNMESG fi ;; restart) cd $ABC_PATH ./$NAME $STOP echo $STARTMESG ./$NAME $START ;; version) cd $ABC_PATH ./$NAME $VERSION ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|status|restart|stop|version}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac : So, where and how should I write the needed environment variables for: a) Go needs the following statements (ie: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin" ENV_SUPATH PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin ENV_PATH PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin `# env_reset Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin") b) and Scala needs this one: (ie CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:/usr/share/java/scala-library.jar). TIA for an explanation how to do so. Cheers.

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• Using Sitecore RenderingContext Parameters as MVC controller action arguments

  - by Kyle Burns

  I have been working with the Technical Preview of Sitecore 6.6 on a project and have been for the most part happy with the way that Sitecore (which truly is an MVC implementation unto itself) has been expanded to support ASP.NET MVC. That said, getting up to speed with the combined platform has not been entirely without stumbles and today I want to share one area where Sitecore could have really made things shine from the "it just works" perspective. A couple days ago I was asked by a colleague about the usage of the "Parameters" field that is defined on Sitecore's Controller Rendering data template. Based on the standard way that Sitecore handles a field named Parameters, I was able to deduce that the field expected key/value pairs separated by the "&" character, but beyond that I wasn't sure and didn't see anything from a documentation perspective to guide me, so it was time to dig and find out where the data in the field was made available. My first thought was that it would be really nice if Sitecore handled the parameters in this field consistently with the way that ASP.NET MVC handles the various parameter collections on the HttpRequest object and automatically maps them to parameters of the action method executing. Being the hopeful sort, I configured a name/value pair on one of my renderings, added a parameter with matching name to the controller action and fired up the bugger to see... that the parameter was not populated. Having established that the field's value was not going to be presented to me the way that I had hoped it would, the next assumption that I would work on was that Sitecore would handle this field similar to how they handle other similar data and would plug it into some ambient object that I could reference from within the controller method. After a considerable amount of guessing, testing, and cracking code open with Redgate's Reflector (a must-have companion to Sitecore documentation), I found that the most direct way to access the parameter was through the ambient RenderingContext object using code similar to: string myArgument = string.Empty; var rc = Sitecore.Mvc.Presentation.RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull; if (rc != null) {     var parms = rc.Rendering.Parameters;     myArgument = parms["myArgument"]; } At this point, we know how this field is used out of the box from Sitecore and can provide information from Sitecore's Content Editor that will be available when the controller action is executing, but it feels a little dirty. In order to properly test the action method I would have to do a lot of setup work and possible use an isolation framework such as Pex and Moles to get at a value that my action method is dependent upon. Notice I said that my method is dependent upon the value but in order to meet that dependency I've accepted another dependency upon Sitecore's RenderingContext.  I'm a big believer in, when possible, ensuring that any piece of code explicitly advertises dependencies using the method signature, so I found myself still wanting this to work the same as if the parameters were in the request route, querystring, or form by being able to add a myArgument parameter to the action method and have this parameter populated by the framework. Lucky for us, the ASP.NET MVC framework is extremely flexible and provides some easy to grok and use extensibility points. ASP.NET MVC is able to provide information from the request as input parameters to controller actions because it uses objects which implement an interface called IValueProvider and have been registered to service the application. The most basic statement of responsibility for an IValueProvider implementation is "I know about some data which is indexed by key. If you hand me the key for a piece of data that I know about I give you that data". When preparing to invoke a controller action, the framework queries registered IValueProvider implementations with the name of each method argument to see if the ValueProvider can supply a value for the parameter. (the rest of this post will assume you're working along and make a lot more sense if you do) Let's pull Sitecore out of the equation for a second to simplify things and create an extremely simple IValueProvider implementation. For this example, I first create a new ASP.NET MVC3 project in Visual Studio, selecting "Internet Application" and otherwise taking defaults (I'm assuming that anyone reading this far in the post either already knows how to do this or will need to take a quick run through one of the many available basic MVC tutorials such as the MVC Music Store). Once the new project is created, go to the Index action of HomeController.  This action sets a Message property on the ViewBag to "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!" and invokes the View, which has been coded to display the Message. For our example, we will remove the hard coded message from this controller (although we'll leave it just as hard coded somewhere else - this is sample code). For the first step in our exercise, add a string parameter to the Index action method called welcomeMessage and use the value of this argument to set the ViewBag.Message property. The updated Index action should look like: public ActionResult Index(string welcomeMessage) {     ViewBag.Message = welcomeMessage;     return View(); } This represents the entirety of the change that you will make to either the controller or view.  If you run the application now, the home page will display and no message will be presented to the user because no value was supplied to the Action method. Let's now write a ValueProvider to ensure this parameter gets populated. We'll start by creating a new class called StaticValueProvider. When the class is created, we'll update the using statements to ensure that they include the following: using System.Collections.Specialized; using System.Globalization; using System.Web.Mvc; With the appropriate using statements in place, we'll update the StaticValueProvider class to implement the IValueProvider interface. The System.Web.Mvc library already contains a pretty flexible dictionary-like implementation called NameValueCollectionValueProvider, so we'll just wrap that and let it do most of the real work for us. The completed class looks like: public class StaticValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider;     public StaticValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var parameters = new NameValueCollection();         parameters.Add("welcomeMessage", "Hello from the value provider!");         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(parameters, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);     }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } Notice that the only entry in the collection matches the name of the argument to our HomeController's Index action.  This is the important "secret sauce" that will make things work. We've got our new value provider now, but that's not quite enough to be finished. Mvc obtains IValueProvider instances using factories that are registered when the application starts up. These factories extend the abstract ValueProviderFactory class by initializing and returning the appropriate implementation of IValueProvider from the GetValueProvider method. While I wouldn't do so in production code, for the sake of this example, I'm going to add the following class definition within the StaticValueProvider.cs source file: public class StaticValueProviderFactory : ValueProviderFactory {     public override IValueProvider GetValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         return new StaticValueProvider(controllerContext);     } } Now that we have a factory, we can register it by adding the following line to the end of the Application_Start method in Global.asax.cs: ValueProviderFactories.Factories.Add(new StaticValueProviderFactory()); If you've done everything right to this point, you should be able to run the application and be presented with the home page reading "Hello from the value provider!". Now that you have the basics of the IValueProvider down, you have everything you need to enhance your Sitecore MVC implementation by adding an IValueProvider that exposes values from the ambient RenderingContext's Parameters property. I'll provide the code for the IValueProvider implementation (which should look VERY familiar) and you can use the work we've already done as a reference to create and register the factory: public class RenderingContextValueProvider : IValueProvider {     private NameValueCollectionValueProvider _wrappedProvider = null;     public RenderingContextValueProvider(ControllerContext controllerContext)     {         var collection = new NameValueCollection();         var rc = RenderingContext.CurrentOrNull;         if (rc != null && rc.Rendering != null)         {             foreach(var parameter in rc.Rendering.Parameters)             {                 collection.Add(parameter.Key, parameter.Value);             }         }         _wrappedProvider = new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(collection, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);         }     public bool ContainsPrefix(string prefix)     {         return _wrappedProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix);     }     public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)     {         return _wrappedProvider.GetValue(key);     } } In this post I've discussed the MVC IValueProvider used to map data to controller action method arguments and how this can be integrated into your Sitecore 6.6 MVC solution.

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• Fedora 19 no longer bootable

  - by Parisa

  I had fedora dual-booted with windows on my laptop for a while but with windows refresh grub was gone and my system directly booted windows. I booted fedora with my systems boot options and with this tutorial: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/GRUB_2 I reinstalled grub2 but then had my system booted into an empty grub prompt: grub So I found the drive containing vmlinuz and initramfs (completely sure about thair location and versions) and tried to manually boot it but after the boot command it said: no suitable video mode found booting in blind mode and nothing happened. Such a tragedy... I have already tried to use live disks rescue system. Funny but troubleshooting options don't apear on my laptop while they do on my desktop pc. I cant even go to boot prompt on my lenovo idepad z400 laptop. I also tried EasyBCD so maybe I could boot it with windows but it comes up with this error: missing AutoNeoGrub().mbr Now I have removed the grub prompt (don't know why) and its really hard for me to reinstall my dearly customized fedora. If anyone knows a way to help boot it again or reinstall it keeping my files and installations I really need it. Thanks PS:I have already tried Boot-repair Disk but it asks me to enable the repo containing grub-efi on my fedora to reinstall the grub2 and fix the boot for me (how could i?).

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• Linux: How to delay hddtemp service start at boot until all hdd are visible?

  - by Atis

  I live in a hot and humid environment, therefore I monitor the hdd temperature using hddtemp and gkrellm. There is an LSI9211 8i sata/sas controller in my computer. I have drives connected to both my motherboard and the LSI. hddtemp monitors only the drives directly connected to my motherboard after booting the system, therefore gkrellm displays the temperature of those drvies only. Logging in and restarting hddtemp before starting gkrellm fixes my issue, i.e. drives connected to the LSI controller are also visible. It seems that the drives connected to the LSI controller become visible only after hddtemp is started in the boot sequence. I think delaying it would help. How can I delay the starting of hddtemp till all drives are visible? I prefer a way to check if drives are visible to the delay of a specific amount of seconds.

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• Why my laptop doesnt boot in any OS (windows or ubuntu) after RAM upgrade?

  - by qrsq

  My laptop previously had 2 slots of RAM ( 1x1Gb , 1x2GB , both were clocked at 1066mhz) and it was working on windows 7 x86 OS. I Upgraded the ram with ( 2x4GB clcoked at 1333mhz). Bios displayed 8192MB of memory and windows was working ok but (only 2.99GB of ram from 8gb was avabile). So i decided to switch to an x64 system to be able to use all the amount of memory. But the laptop wasnt able to install any os (windows 7 x64 or windows 8 x64) so i placed the 3gb of ram instead of 8gb. Then i succesfully instaled an x64 os (windows 8). After than i placed the 8gb ram back again. Now the computer doesnt boot in the os but bios is working normally. I tried also to install ubuntu , without any succes. What should i do ?? All the help will be appreciated. thanks

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• How to fix bluescreen in windows 7 with multi-boot?

  - by Ismail Sensei

  I have HP laptop 6730S with two Operating systems : Windows 7 Ultimate 32bit Centos 6.4 64Bit The GRUB2 is not installed in MBR, use Windows' bootloader. After I choose Windows in the start, the blue-screen appears with unmountable_boot_volume problem so I tried some help from similar questions here ( use Command Prompt and enter the following command: chkdsk /R C: ). But the problem is, I can't get repair my computer it took so long and nothing happened after I waited more than 2H and when I put my Windows 7 DVD to boot it charge the files then same thing happened nothing show up so I couldn't use command prompt. But when I use Centos everything works just fine the D partition i can mounted normally but C partition it shows me error and tell me to go to windows and repair it with Chkdsk command and here is where I am stuck.

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• Unable to boot to Ubuntu. Inconsistency in disk, X server didn't start. Illegal blocks in Inode

  - by becomingGuru

  I am unable to boot into my Ubuntu system. First I get that fsck died with exit status 4 Then I try to do it manually as prompted and I get that an Inode has illegal blocks and asked to clear it. Upon googling, I found that is because my HD has some problems I booted via Live cd and took a dd of the entire Ubuntu on an external HDD just in case. Is it safe to clear all the illegal blocks. How do I safely restore my environment if I replace my HD. Is there any thing i can do in the meanwhile to continue to use my laptop without significant loss of data. Perhaps a related error, the x server fails to start

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• How can I get my License Key from a boot CD?

  - by dubRun

  We recently acquired a server that's been in use for a while, but no associated software, logins, etc. We attempted to blank the administrator account password, but that didn't work. We also tried some deeper edits on the password, but no avail there either. Now what I'm looking to do is to re-install windows using the existing registry key on the server now. I've read that you can access the product key in the registry, and using the password tool (a linux boot cd) we are able to view the registry. When I tried this, I got the ProductId (Which version of windows), not the registry key. The OS I'm attempting to read from in Windows Server 2003 R2.

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• Ubuntu on an XPS 14 Ultrabook with mSATA cache and 500GB HD - how to partition for dual boot?

  - by JDS

  I am getting an XPS 14 ( http://www.dell.com/us/p/xps-14-l421x/pd ) and I want to dual-boot Windows and Ubuntu. This thing has a 500GB standard HD and a 32GB mSATA that can be used as cache. Does anyone know how this thing is partitioned? Is the OS installed on the mSATA drive and data is on the big HD? Is there a BIOS controller or maybe even a Windows driver that makes the mSATA drive and 500GB HD appear contiguous? I get the impression that something makes the mSATA be used invisibly as cache, but I can't find any technical documentation how that works. My primary concern here is wrt dual-booting Ubuntu. I want to know if I need to partition the mSATA separately, or the big HD, or just partition the "magic" contiguous disk space that appears available to the OS.

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• How do I use memmap to reserve memory on boot?

  - by alexl

  Ive got a laptop with some corrupted ram addresses, so I'm trying to use memmap to reserve them before linux boots up. Ive been trying to use memmap=10M$1024M' as a kernel boot option, but linux crashes (with no errors) and restarts. If I use a different syntax for memmap likememmap=1023M@0M` it boots fine. Do I have to specify a certain size block to reserve or could my kernel version not support reserving memory with memmap? Maybe I'm better off using memmap=exactmap, and if so, could somebody point me to a good faq on how to use it?

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• How do I properly dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 on an UEFI system?

  - by S. Robert James

  I have an HP Z210 with Windows 7, which is UEFI based. I'd like to dual boot it to Ubuntu 11.10 with GRUB2, but am having problems due to the UEFI. The install CD goes to the end, but then the machine always boots right into Windows. These problems are apparently documented (here and here), but there's no consensus as to what the simplest solution is. Any recommendations? I want Ubuntu and Windows to both be bootable. (Perhaps if I knew more about UEFI and its system partition, and how it differs from BIOS and MBR, I'd be in a better position. So background answers explaining how UEFI loads up are very appreciated.)

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• Is there a way to do a Windows 7 repair install when you are unable to start/boot Windows 7?

  - by irrational John

  My understanding is that the only way to perform a "repair install" in Windows 7 is to run the install setup.exe within the Windows 7 installation you want to repair. This seems a little brain dead to me since usually the reason I wanted to perform the repair install was because the existing installation was so broken that I could no longer boot and use it. It seems Microsoft is saying my only option in that case is to do a clean install and then reinstall all my apps. So I'm wondering if anyone knows of a way to perform a Windows 7 repair install ... one that preserves your existing OS settings and application installs ... on a Windows 7 partition that cannot be booted.

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• How to get full write permission on my second drive after dual boot?

  - by Shaul

  I had a WinXP installation on my hard drive. Then I bought a 2nd drive and installed Win7. Dual boot working fine. But when I'm in the Win7 environment, it appears that I don't have full admin permission on the "D" drive (that's the drive with WinXP). Even though the user I'm logged in as has admin permissions, I have to run my apps with administrator privileges in order to get write access to the D drive. This is not the case when I do stuff on the C drive. I could just get into running those apps that access the D drive in admin mode, but that seems like overkill. Is there some secret switch I can flip so that my D drive acts like my C drive, security-wise?

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• After making boot disk using rufus in usb 3.0 port, it doesn't work in another ports.

  - by sin

  I have a big problem! After making boot disk using rufus in usb 3.0 port, it doesn't work in another ports. I have to install windows in other PC which has usb 2.0port only! so I made usb booting disk using usb 3.0 in 3.0 port. but after that it never worked except in 3.0 ... and I could't restore my usb. I alredy fomated in cmd and others in usb3.0 port! but there is no change. and I couldn't find it in usb 2.0 port. plz help me.

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• can I create disk partition for dual-boot Ubuntu on Windows 7 machine without Windows reinstall?

  - by EndangeringSpecies

  I want to setup dual boot Ubuntu on my machine in a separate partition. Plus, ideally, I want to get another, 3rd, partition for further OS experimentation. The hard drive is huge, hundreds of gigs, and essentially unfilled. The machine runs Windows 7 Home. Online I have seen mention of creation of partitions from inside Windows 7. But, I have also heard claims that to create the partition to house Ubuntu Windows has to be reinstalled, frying all the data on the machine. So, which one of these claims are right? Can you create additional partitions for other OS on a big Windows 7 hard drive without reinstall?

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• How do I boot Windows 8 into Safe Mode?

  - by Earlz

  I have Windows 8 Enterprise x64. It's installed a virtual machine. After trying to update VMWare's guest extension it black screened. After resetting it, now the virtual machine won't boot. It just says "automatic repair couldn't repair your PC" Everything I do ends with an error or it coming back to this screen. If I go to Troubleshoot Advanced Options Start up settings and then go to Safe Mode, all it will do is say "preparing automatic repair" and then "diagnosing your PC" and then will come straight back to the "automatic repair couldn't repair your PC" screen. It's as if it doesn't even attempt to go into safe made. Is there anything else I can do before I reformat?

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• OS Isolation: Virtualization or Dual-Boot Duplication, a General How To?

  - by Mr_CryptoPrime

  I want to isolate my windows 7 operating system and I have looked into virtualization. This should work with Linux, however, I do want to still have a way to run windows 7 securely, but without significant performance loss, thus eliminating virtualization for that. I know that you can dual boot because I currently do so with my XP/Linux system. Is there a way that I can duplicate my windows 7 system so I can select one at bootup? This way I can ensure that each OS is isolated and not worry about performance loss. However, I am having a lot of trouble finding a solid method for OS duplication?! Is this even possible or must I buy two versions of win7 and somehow install them separately? Any information regarding this would be helpful, thanks! Essentially I want, Two instances of win7 (not necessarily simultaneously running) Each are isolated from one another so that a security breach in one doesn't affect the other. There is no performance loss in either from doing so

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• Is there a way to read the contents of the master boot record?

  - by Codezilla

  Reading another question on here it made me curious if it's possible to actually read the contents of the mbr. As I understand it, there's a certain area at the very front of the partition that lists this information. I'm curious if it's sort of like an ini file or some sort of script that runs and tells the computer what it needs to know about where to boot from and other information like sectors, heads, cylinders that's important. I don't know much about what would be in it, but I thought it'd be interesting to learn more about the specifics.

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• Ubuntu doesn't boot after adding a bootflag to the Windows partition

  - by Nils

  I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed on one (physical) hd and on the other one Windows. On both drives grub is installed to boot both operating systems. When I wanted to install SP1 for Win 7 I had to add a bootable flag to the partition from which Windows boots, otherwise the installation of SP1 does not work. I did so by booting into Ubuntu and using gparted to add this flag. After doing so the update for SP1 worked without any problems. When trying to boot back into Ubuntu grub complained that it couldn't find the kernel anymore! I tried to boot into a Ubuntu minimal cd and to restore grub using chroot, update-grub and grub-install which didn't work. I still had the problem that it was Unable to boot Ubuntu putting me in some minimal system called initramfs. It seems however that the uuid of the partitions changed. I guess this happened when I added the bootflag to the windows disk. Next thing I tried was to tell grub not to use the uuid for loading the kernel by uncommenting something in /etc/default/grub. Then I got the kernel booting but it suddenly stops (I guess when it is trying to mount the root file system) saying that the concerning uuid does not exist putting me into initramfs again. The strange thing is that there I coulnd't even manage to mount the root partition using /dev/sdb1 (on which it is in my case). I would be glad if there is a way to restore the system again without having to reinstall it.

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• Introducing the New Boot Framework in CE 7

  - by Kate Moss' Open Space

  CE 7 introduces a new boot loader framework, BLDR (platform\common\src\common\bldr\). Some people like its powerful and flexbility, others may feel its too complicate as a boot loader framework. Despite to the favor, it is already there; so let's take a look at its features. Unlike the previous BL framwork (CE7 still provides it in platform\common\src\common\boot\) is a monolithic library, the new framework has more architecture structure. It not only defines main body but also provides rich components, such as filesystem (BinFS/FAT), download transportations, display, logging and block devices: bios INT13, FAL, IDE, Flash ( and etc. Note that in the block device category, the FAL is for legacy FMD/FAL, Flash is for latest MSFlash. Some of you may have encountered MSFlash MDD/PDD compatible partition is hard to created in bootloader and now it provides a clean solution! (Since this is a big topic, I will introduce it in future post) Today, I am going to show you some basic helper components - Image Loading functions. When OS image stored in the block device, it can be a file format, says your NK.BIN in the FAT volume or a RAW format, says the image is programmed to a BINFS partition. For the first one you can use BootFileSystemReadBinFile (platform\common\src\common\bldr\fileSystem\utils\fileSystemReadBinFile.c) and use BootBlockLoadBinFsImage (platform\common\src\common\bldr\block\utils\loadBinFs.c) to load from a partition. Need a sample code? No problem, the BootLoaderLoadOs in platform\cepc\src\boot\bldr\loados.c just provide a perfect example.

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• disks not ready in array causes mdadm to force initramfs shell

  - by RaidPinata

  Okay, this is starting to get pretty frustrating. I've read most of the other answers on this site that have anything to do with this issue but I'm still not getting anywhere. I have a RAID 6 array with 10 devices and 1 spare. The OS is on a completely separate device. At boot only three of the 10 devices in the raid are available, the others become available later in the boot process. Currently, unless I go through initramfs I can't get the system to boot - it just hangs with a blank screen. When I do boot through recovery (initramfs), I get a message asking if I want to assemble the degraded array. If I say no and then exit initramfs the system boots fine and my array is mounted exactly where I intend it to. Here are the pertinent files as near as I can tell. Ask me if you want to see anything else. # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all # containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using # wildcards if desired. #DEVICE partitions containers # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions # CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Tue, 13 Nov 2012 13:50:41 -0700 # by mkconf $Id$ ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae Here is fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sdc2 during installation UUID=3fa1e73f-3d83-4afe-9415-6285d432c133 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdc3 during installation UUID=c4988662-67f3-4069-a16e-db740e054727 none swap sw 0 0 # mount large raid device on /data /dev/md0 /data ext4 defaults,nofail,noatime,nobootwait 0 0 output of cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sda[0] sdd[10](S) sdl[9] sdk[8] sdj[7] sdi[6] sdh[5] sdg[4] sdf[3] sde[2] sdb[1] 23441080320 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [10/10] [UUUUUUUUUU] unused devices: <none> Here is the output of mdadm --detail --scan --verbose ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae devices=/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sde,/dev/sdf,/dev/sdg,/dev/sdh,/dev/sdi,/dev/sdj,/dev/sdk,/dev/sdl,/dev/sdd Please let me know if there is anything else you think might be useful in troubleshooting this... I just can't seem to figure out how to change the boot process so that mdadm waits until the drives are ready to build the array. Everything works just fine if the drives are given enough time to come online. edit: changed title to properly reflect situation

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• Boot existing ubuntu installation on uefi, GPT BTRFS

  - by user204720

  I have looked through many of the questions, and haven't found anything that quite satisfies this problem. I have an ssd hard drive that is bootable from my old computer. It is a standard BIOS, however, I built a new computer with Z87 motherboard that is a UEFI. What I'd like to do is boot from this hard drive without wiping out the hard drive. I've tried booting from legacy mode, doesn't seem to work. Part of the multitude of problems is my partitioning scheme, which is GPT. sdx1 is the btrfs system, sdx2 swap, sdx3 is bios_grub. I've tried setting the UEFI/BIOS to boot in legacy mode, I've tried turning my swap partition into a Grub EFI boot, I've tried copying the file system onto a new drive installed on the new system. However, copying the information doesn't keep the filesystem or subvolumes intact. I've also tried boot-repair which is when I overwrote the swap space. I'd really rather not start over on a new install, so any other suggested trees to bark up would be appreciated. For the record, I hate you Microsoft, and ASUS I understand complying with microsoft, but make it optional... I'm really disappointed in that I have to deal with Windows 8 when I have nothing to do with it. Something I think I could try, but would like to hear from more experienced users. Moving the sdx1 (btrfs /@/@home) partion and opening up a 100 MB partition on the beginning sectors and install efi compatible Grub2 installation. Would it work? How to move a partition?

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• How to get a Toshiba L505 to boot USB or CD

  - by ShroudedCloud

  OK, have a Toshiba L505 (not sure of the extended model number) that got a virus on Windows and will no longer will boot into that, so I'm trying to revive it with Ubuntu. Problem is, when I tell it to boot into a USB image of 12.04 32- or 64-bit, 13.04 64-bit, or elementary Luna 32-bit, it gives me some screen with a copyright from 2000 for Intel, invariably spits out a "media not recognized" type of error and then says PXE-ROM exiting. Well, that's annoying. So I went in with a CD (12.04 x86_64 having tried 32-bit in the past as well). Boot menu, select, starts running. Seeing the loading screen for Ubuntu, going well... until it's not. Again, invariably, it fails. The CD drive will cease spinning at around the same time each time and then the laptop will stop doing everything altogether (at least, everything spins down and it goes quiet). As far as I can tell, it's not to do with what function is being loaded from the CD at the time (because that bit is variable). I'd love to be able to boot from USB (since it will be all but required going forward), but getting the CD to work would be wondrous too. Anyone have any ideas of where I can go from here to try to fix this? My friends and I have turned up nothing.

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• Ugly Boot Screen after upgrading to 12.10

  - by Sir Linuxalot

  Is there a way to change the ugly boot screen in 12.10? It seems to have rolled back to that 8-bit blocky looking thing with tiny orange dots underneath. It then breaks into process code under that, and it looks ghastly. I've read some tutorials on getting Plymouth to do some neat things, but they were for older versions of Ubuntu. I'm running a GeForce GTX 460 if that matters. Any help would be appreciated. Update: I've noticed/found a couple of things. The upgrade on my laptop didn't do this. It still uses the "normal" Ubuntu boot logo (using Plymouth, I assume). So, something is off with my desktop. And, I found and installed Super Boot Manager to see if that would help. With that, I enabled Plymouth and added a new theme, but the machine still boots with the block-ugly logo. Finally, I messed around with Grub on boot and added "nomodeset" after "quiet splash" and added it while deleting "quiet splash." None of these solutions worked. I'll keep hunting...

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