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• Limit vsftpd upload to a given set of file-names

  - by Chen Levy

  I need to configure an anonymous ftp with upload. Given this requirement I try to lock this server down to the bear minimum. One of the restrictions I wish to impose is to enable the upload of only a given set of file-names. I tried to disallow write permission to the upload folder, and put in it some empty files with write permission: /var/ftp/ [root.root] [drwxr-xr-x] |-- upload/ [root.root] [drwxr-xr-x] | |-- upfile1 [ftp.ftp] [--w-------] | `-- upfile2 [ftp.ftp] [--w-------] `-- download/ [root.root] [drwxr-xr-x] `-- ... But this approach didn't work because when I tried to upload upfile1, it tried to delete and create a new file in its' place, and there is no permissions for that. Is there a way to make this work, or perhaps use a different approach like abusing the deny_file option?

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• How can I repair my USB drive?

  - by yurko

  USB drive is in read only state and I can't repair it. First of all I tried erase it using dd: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id | grep usb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 ??? 18 23:45 usb-Generic_Flash_Disk_C173828A-0:0 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ??? 18 23:45 usb-Generic_Flash_Disk_C173828A-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1 root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb dd: ?????? ? «/dev/sdb»: ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? 8257537+0 ??????? ??????? 8257536+0 ??????? ???????? ??????????? 4227858432 ????? (4,2 GB), 942,633 c, 4,5 MB/c After that I wanted to create new filesystem using fdisk: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# fdisk /dev/sdb You will not be able to write the partition table. WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 4227 MB, 4227858432 bytes 4 heads, 63 sectors/track, 32768 cylinders Units = cylinders of 252 * 512 = 129024 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 18 32768 4126596 b W95 FAT32 Command (m for help): fdisk showed that the partition still exists and I can't write the partition table. I tried to delete the existing partition: Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): w Unable to write /dev/sdb root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# Why am I not be able to write the partition table? Does it mean that some hardware failure occurred? And is it possible to repair the current USB drive? I've tried to use hdparm and it showed that the readonly flag is on: root@yurko-laptop:/home/yurko-laptop# hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: f0 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 26 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 1 (on) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 1016/131/62, sectors = 8257536, start = 0

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• Windows errors, how do I find root cause and fix it? Getting several errors

  - by Eric Martin

  My server is having issues and not responding to customer's https requests. I checked the event viewer and found several errors. These two are listed a couple of times: WINS encountered a database error. This may or may not be a serious error. WINS will try to recover from it. You can check the database error events under 'Application Log' category of the Event Viewer for the Exchange Component, ESENT, source to find out more details about database errors. If you continue to see a large number of these errors consistently over time (a span of few hours), you may want to restore the WINS database from a backup. The error number is in the second DWORD of the data section. And this one: An error occured while using SSL configuration for socket address 0.0.0.0:444. The error status code is contained within the returned data. SQL Server is not ready to accept new client connections. Wait a few minutes before trying again. If you have access to the error log, look for the informational message that indicates that SQL Server is ready before trying to connect again. [CLIENT: xxx.xxx.xxxx.xxx] I also found this in the event viewer but the computer has been restarted since this message and I have not seen it again. Configuring the Page file for crash dump failed. Make sure there is a page file on the boot partition and that is large enough to contain all physical memory. This is my virtual memory settings: I'm not familiar with WINS so I wasn't sure if that is where I start or how to resolve it. Is the WINS error causing the other problems or should I be looking somewhere else?

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• Linux server apache httpd processes take i/o wait to close to 100% and lock down server

  - by user3682065

  For about 5 days now, and seemingly out of the blue, my linux server has started locking up from time to time. The pattern is always the same as far as I can tell from top and iotop commands around the time it starts happening: One or more httpd processes (usually one) hang and start using up 100% of CPU power, the %wa goes close to 100% and in the iotop I see several httpd processes with 99.99% in the IO column. I'm also running an SVN server on this machine through apache and the one way that I've been consistently able to reproduce this is to do an SVN commit of new files or an SVN update from the repository on this server (I am the only one using this SVN repository). This will always reproduce this scenario successfully, but until very recently I had no problems at all checking in/out of SVN. But sometimes it just happens for no detectable reason at all it seems. So it seems like there is some issue with my Apache that leads it to have processes use up a lot of read/write upon certain triggers. I was wondering if anyone could help me uncover that issue. EDIT: OK now it's happening again: This is top: [root@server ~]# top top - 10:56:54 up 2:59, 5 users, load average: 171.46, 70.35, 27.01 Tasks: 328 total, 2 running, 326 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.9%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 96.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2021144k total, 1968192k used, 52952k free, 2500k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 2938584k used, 1255704k free, 39008k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10390 apache 20 0 2774m 936m 6200 D 2.0 47.4 1:52.27 httpd 2149 root 20 0 927m 13m 1040 S 0.7 0.7 1:50.46 namecoind 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 0:30.10 events/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.88 kblockd/1 2049 root 20 0 382m 4932 2880 D 0.3 0.2 0:03.67 httpd 2144 root 20 0 1702m 69m 1164 S 0.3 3.5 5:19.68 bitcoind 6325 root 20 0 15164 1100 656 R 0.3 0.1 0:11.09 top 10311 apache 20 0 387m 9496 7320 D 0.3 0.5 0:01.89 httpd 10313 apache 20 0 391m 10m 7364 D 0.3 0.5 0:02.40 httpd 10466 apache 20 0 399m 12m 7392 D 0.3 0.7 0:02.41 httpd 10599 apache 20 0 391m 9324 7340 D 0.3 0.5 0:00.15 httpd 10628 apache 20 0 384m 7620 4052 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.01 httpd 10633 apache 20 0 384m 7048 3504 D 0.3 0.3 0:00.01 httpd 10634 apache 20 0 384m 8012 4048 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd 10638 apache 20 0 400m 22m 9.8m D 0.3 1.1 0:01.93 httpd 10640 apache 20 0 385m 8288 4028 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.03 httpd 10641 apache 20 0 401m 21m 6376 D 0.3 1.1 0:01.45 httpd 10759 apache 20 0 385m 8816 3480 D 0.3 0.4 0:01.45 httpd 10773 apache 20 0 384m 8044 3464 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd This is an iotop snapshot: Total DISK READ: 5.93 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 10732 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 58.48 % httpd 876 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 52.68 K/s 0.00 % 52.98 % [jbd2/dm-1-8] 10906 be/4 root 124.17 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 23.03 % sh -c [ -x /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng ] && /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng >/dev/null 2>&1 2156 be/4 root 206.94 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 21.15 % bitcoind 10904 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.94 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 10773 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 14.77 % httpd 10641 be/4 apache 15.05 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 11.57 % httpd 10399 be/4 apache 1057.29 K/s 0.00 B/s 43.16 % 10.56 % httpd 10682 be/4 sw-cp-se 158.03 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.45 % sw-engine-cgi -c /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/php.ini -d auto_prepend_file=auth.php3 -u psaadm 10774 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 6.53 % httpd 10624 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.53 % httpd 10356 be/4 apache 899.26 K/s 0.00 B/s 35.52 % 4.01 % httpd 10795 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.93 % httpd 10804 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.08 % httpd 4379 be/4 root 2.89 M/s 0.00 B/s 99.99 % 0.00 % namecoind 10619 be/4 apache 462.80 K/s 0.00 B/s 7.80 % 0.00 % httpd 10636 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % httpd 10716 be/4 mysql 105.35 K/s 0.00 B/s 5.92 % 0.00 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 1988 be/4 root 18.81 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % spamd_full.sock I also ran lsof -p for pid 10390 which was way up top under the top command and this is the bottom line where I can sort of see what request this was and it says CLOSE_WAIT: httpd 10390 apache 34u IPv6 315879 0t0 TCP default-domain.com:https->crawl-66-249-65-91.googlebot.com:42907 (CLOSE_WAIT) I'm still not sure what exactly is causing this all to happen though? I killed that service but %wa and load average remain high, I also stopped mysqld and other services. It really only goes down once I stop httpd altogether, and even then I can't start it without finding remaining hanging httpd processes via "netstat -tulpn", killing those or doing "killall -9 httpd" and after waiting a while for it to cycle through all those then doing /etc/init.d/httpd start

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• how to install mpgtx from source code

  - by Ahmet vardar

  i am new on linux server. i have mpgtx folder in my root, how can i install it ? in readme file it is written; ./configure && make when i type this i get permission denied error ? thanks EDIT: Here the steps i done root@server [/]# cd /mpgtx root@server [/mpgtx]# ./configure -bash: ./configure: Permission denied root@server [/mpgtx]# make ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hello ! I'm afraid I'm a dummy Makefile. My goal in life is to politely ask you to run the configure script to actual- ly generate a real Makefile. Would you be kind enough to type "./configure --help" to see the options that will suit your needs ? Please note that typing "./configure" without option will generate a Makefile that will suit most people needs. I wish you a good day. Please don't drive to fast. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- root@server [/mpgtx]# ./configure -bash: ./configure: Permission denied root@server [/mpgtx]#

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• What are these folders in the root of my drive?

  - by Max Schmeling

  The following folders keep showing up: C:\Default\ C:\NativeImages\ They both have a ton of folders in them witha bunch of html files in each folder. I'm assuming this has something to do with NGEN because of the NativeImages folder. How do I get rid of these folders and keep them from coming back? Or otherwise move them so they get put somewhere else? Thanks

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• how to prepare windows 2003 domain name server for 5th of may / deployment of dns sec on root name s

  - by pQd

  hi, what to do not to be surprised by 5th of may when you have to [ for some reason ] use windows 2003 as a name server? thanks a lot!

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• Graphite Running using daemon tools getting defunct

  - by pradeepchhetri

  I am running carbon-cache.py and carbon-aggregator.py using daemon tools. When I made some changes in the storage-schema.conf and tried to restart the carbon-cache.py, I found that it is becoming zombie very frequently. root 3367 3366 0 03:23 pts/1 00:00:00 supervise carbon-aggregator root 3371 3366 0 03:23 pts/1 00:00:00 supervise carbon-cache root 3373 3367 3 03:23 pts/1 00:00:02 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/carbon-aggregator.py --debug start root 3379 3372 0 03:23 pts/1 00:00:00 multilog t /var/log/multilog/carbon-cache root 3382 3368 0 03:23 pts/1 00:00:00 multilog t /var/log/multilog/carbon-aggregator root 3638 3371 21 03:24 pts/1 00:00:00 [carbon-cache.py] <defunct> Can someone tell me what may be the reason ?

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• How do I change the document root of a Linux Apache server?

  - by Daryl Spitzer

  I'm trying to learn how to configure an Apache HTTP server (with which I have no experience) someone else has setup in a VM running Ubuntu 8.04. I know the server is running, since I get "<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>" when I go to http://1.2.3.4/ (where 1.2.3.4 is the VM's IP number). I found apache2.conf and httpd.conf (among other files) in /etc/apache2/. httpd.conf is empty. I tried adding DocumentRoot "/home/username/temp" into /etc/apache2/httpd.conf and put some simple HTML in /home/username/temp/index.html. But when I reload http://1.2.3.4/ there's no change. Do I need to restart httpd to get it to accept the change to DocumentRoot?

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• How to prevent unison syncronize file when file process uploading

  - by user134600

  I use CentOS 5.8 Final. My situation is I running unison with cron where script below : */1 * * * * /usr/bin/unison /dev/null 2&1 and default profile like below : root = /var/www root = ssh://web02.example.com//var/www auto=true batch=true confirmbigdel=true fastcheck=true group=true owner=true prefer=newer silent=true times=true So in every minutes will syncronized www folder . My problem are : I upload file with size bigger than 10 MB to www from client with user1 permission where www folder is user1 owner. file in processing uploading then unison running in that minute and suddenly file upload owner changed to root:root When I editing file in www folder then I save when unison running, file owner changed to root:root where should be user1:user1 Is there anyone know about this problem?

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• Rewriting to address on postfix local aliases

  - by Wade Williams

  I was running into the common problem that mail for "root" on my system was having $mydomain appended, and because $mydomain is not in $mydestination, the mail was being sent to our central mail server as "root@domain." I cannot add $mydomain to $mydestination, because if I understand it correctly, that would mean all mail addressed to $mydomain would be looked up locally, and if an alias does not exist, delivery would fail. So, I followed these instructions: Delivering some, but not all accounts locally which seems to have resolved the problem. Mail for "root" is now expanded according to /etc/aliases and delivered to the non-local address I desire. The one oddity however is that the "To:" address still reads "root@domain." Is there any way I can get the "To" address to be the one that the alias directed its delivery? So for example, if my alias says that mail for "root" should go to "hostname-admin@domain" is there any way the "To" address can be rewritten as "hostname-admin@domain?" Currently it still shows as "root@domain."

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• BIOS root kit? Or, how do I fresh install a clean BIOS?

  - by Leopold_Bloom

  So I was installing questionable operating system onto my EEE pc and it required me to downgrade the BIOS which I really am not an expert at. I used a patch and it appeared to work. Now, I'm paranoid about the downgrade because, honestly, I have no idea where the code came from or what could be in it. My question, then, is it possible to "start over" completely fresh with my BIOS? As in wipe out the possibly malicious BIOS and go back to the manufacturer-provided one? Has anyone done something similar to this? I just want to install Ubuntu Netbook Remix to the EEE pc 1000 but I want to make sure the BIOS are secure. Any advice would help tremendously, or am I just being uber paranoid? BIOS are definitely not my strength.

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• How Do I Schedule Cron to Run at Specific intervals?

  - by Russ

  I have 6 scripts that each take about 20 minutes to run, I want to schedule cron to run the first 3 at 00, 20, and 40 on the odd hours and the second 3 at the same intervals on the even hours. How can I tell cron to do this? is it something like this: 0 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24 * * * root Script1 20 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24 * * * root Script2 40 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24 * * * root Script3 0 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,17,19,21,23 * * * root Script4 20 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,17,19,21,23 * * * root Script5 40 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,17,19,21,23 * * * root Script6

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• CentOS 6: Can not start NFS

  - by Chris

  I am unable to start the NFS service. When starting there is no error. But the services are stopt after it. No messages at all in /var/log/messages. Same happens to rpcbind serivce. Any idea what this could be? I also tried to disable iptables. [root@server1 ~]# service nfs start [root@server1 ~]# service nfs status rpc.svcgssd is stopped rpc.mountd is stopped nfsd is stopped rpc.rquotad is stopped [root@server1 ~]# service rpcbind start [root@server1 ~]# service rpcbind status rpcbind is stopped [root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/exports /tmp *(ro) [root@server1 ~]# chkconfig --list | egrep '(rpcbind|nfs)' nfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off nfslock 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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• Elastic beanstalk access private git repo

  - by user221676

  I am trying to currently add an ssh key to my elastic beanstalk instances using .ebextensions commands. The keys I have stored are in my application code and I try to copy them to the root .ssh folder so I can access them when doing a git+ssh clone later here is an example of the config file in my .ebextensions folder packages: yum: git: [] container_commands: 01-move-ssh-keys: command: "cp .ssh/* ~root/.ssh/; chmod 400 ~root/.ssh/tca_read_rsa; chmod 400 ~root/.ssh/tca_read_rsa.pub; chmod 644 ~root/.ssh/known_hosts;" 02-add-ssh-keys: command: "ssh-add ~root/.ssh/tca_read_rsa" the problem is that I get is an error when attempting to clone the repo Host key verification failed. I have tried many ways of try to add the host to the known_hosts file but none have worked! The command that is doing the clone is npm install as the repo points to a node module

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• View rotated log files Mac OS X Server (*.?.gz)

  - by Meltemi

  Trying to look at some of our older log files and find they're cryptic "Unix Executable Files". This particular server I'm working with is an older Mac OS X Server (10.4 - Tiger). -rw-r----- 1 root admin 36 1 Jun 15:48 wtmp -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 578 27 May 17:40 wtmp.0.gz -rw-r----- 1 root admin 89 26 Apr 13:57 wtmp.1.gz -rw-r----- 1 root admin 78 29 Mar 16:43 wtmp.2.gz -rw-r----- 1 root admin 69 15 Feb 17:21 wtmp.3.gz -rw-r----- 1 root admin 137 16 Jan 13:09 wtmp.4.gz i'm using zless to try and view the contents of the .gz files. and what i see is unreadable: ... <DF>^R<AF>ttyp1^@^@^@joe54^@^@^@^@^@108.184.63.22^@^@^@^@K<DF>"<B8>ttyp1^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K<DF>%<A1>console^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K<E0>1 ~^@^@^@^@^@^@^@shutdown^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@K<E0>1^L~^@^@^@^@^@^@^@reboot^@^@^@^@^@^@ ... same goes for system.log.0.gz, etc... anything that's been rolled in compressed .gz files. What am i missing?

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• Subdomain only accessible from one computer

  - by Edan Maor

  I recently added a wildcard A record to my domain (*.root.com), mapping it to a certain elastic ip on AWS. I've configured apache to redirect all references to something.root.com to root.com, except for one specific "dev" subdomain, which is hosting its own site (a Django app, specifically). The Problem: This setup works perfectly for me on my computer. But on other computers around the office, it doesn't seem to work. Specifically, trying to visit dev.root.com gives an "unable to find server" error. Pinging dev.root.com gives a "cannot resolve hostname" error. The weird thing: pinging any other subdomain of root.com does work, from all machines. I would think this was all due to DNS propagation, except all the computers are behind the same office router, so how could that be the case? Any ideas?

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• Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

  - by Andy B

  I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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• oddities in interference of linux extened ACLs and 'regular' permissions

  - by abbot

  I've got some legacy code which checks that some file is read-only and readable only by it's owner, i.e. permissions set to 0400. I also need to give read-only access to this file to some other user on the system. I'm trying to set extended ACLs, but this changes 'regular' permission bits in a strange way also: $ ls -l hostkey.pem -r-------- 1 root root 0 Jun 7 23:34 hostkey.pem $ setfacl -m user:apache:r hostkey.pem $ getfacl hostkey.pem # file: hostkey.pem # owner: root # group: root user::r-- user:apache:r-- group::--- mask::r-- other::--- $ ls -l hostkey.pem -r--r-----+ 1 root root 0 Jun 7 23:34 hostkey.pem And after this the legacy code starts complaining that the file is group-readable (while it is actually not!) Is it possible to set the extended ACLs in such a way that some other user will also have read-only access, while the file will appear to have only 0400 'regular' permissions?

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• How to secure both root domain and wildcard subdomains with one SSL cert?

  - by Question Overflow

  I am trying to generate a self-signed SSL certificate to secure both example.com and *.example.com. Looking at the answers to this and this questions, there seems to be an equal number of people agreeing and disagreeing whether this could be done. However, the website from a certification authority seems to suggest that it could be done. Currently, these are the changes added to my openssl configuration file: [req] req_extensions = v3_req [req_distinguished_name] commonName = example.com [v3_req] subjectAltName = @alt_names [alt_names] DNS.1 = example.com DNS.2 = *.example.com I tried the above configuration and generated a certificate. When navigating to https://example.com, it produces the usual warning that the cert is "self-signed". After acceptance, I navigate to https://abc.example.com and an additional warning is produced, saying that the certificate is only valid for example.com. The certificate details only listed example.com in the certificate hierarchy with no signs of any wildcard subdomain being present. I am not sure whether this is due to a misconfiguration or that the common name should have a wildcard or that this could not be done.

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• How to figure out which directory is web server root?

  - by matt

  I want to view websites hosted on my Mac when running Windows VMware Fusion. I have an entry in the Windows hosts file to enable the routing: #ip of my mac domain i use on the VM to access it 192.168.1.70 mymac However, it resolves to an empty directory as a 404 is generated. I can see the access log on my Mac that everything is OK access wise. Firefox on VMware states the following response headers: Server Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8l DAV/2 PHP/5.3.1 Any ideas how I can figure out what directory is being served? I am lost in a maze of twisty httpd.conf passages. localhost on my Mac resolves to my ~/Sites directory. 192.168.1.70 resolves to the same empty directory/404. Thanks.

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• How can I upgrade Ubuntu from 9.10 to 10.04 on a netbook with a 4GB root partition?

  - by Blorgbeard

  I have an Asus EeePC 901, running Ubuntu 9.10. I'd like to upgrade it to 10.04. I don't want to reinstall, since I have a bunch of scripts and programs all set up. However, when I attempt to upgrade using sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, I get an error asking me to free up another ~600MB on /. My / is mounted on sda0, which is a 4GB SSD. I do not have 600MB worth of deletable stuff on /. I've emptied my trash, and done apt-get autoremove and apt-get clean. I do have plenty of space in /home, mounted on sda1 (a 16GB SSD). Is there some way I can tell apt-get to use a different download/temp directory?

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• Apache: How to enable Directory Index browsing at the Doc Root level?

  - by Brian Lacy

  I have several web development projects running on Fedora 13. I generally setup Apache to serve my larger projects as Virtual Hosts, but I've got several small projects cycling through that I don't really care to setup a VirtualHost for each one. Instead I'd like them all under a subdirectory of the main VirtualHost entry. I just want Apache to serve me the directory index when I browse to the host name. For example, the hostname projects.mydomain.com refers to /var/www/projects, and that directory contains only subdirectories (no index file). Unfortunately when I browse to the host directly I get: Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Additionally, a 404 Not Found error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request. But my virtual host entry in my apache config looks like this: <VirtualHost *> ServerName projects.mydomain.com DocumentRoot /var/www/projects <Directory "/var/www/projects"> Options +FollowSymlinks +Indexes AllowOverride all </Directory> </VirtualHost> What am I missing here?

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• How to Create a shortcut to files / folders on a drive with different / changing letters (root)?

  - by Rolo

  I have seen this question asked and answered many times but the location one usually desires to create the shortcut is on the actual drive with the different letters. I would like to create the shortcut on the drive with the permanent letter. So, let me explain further. I have a C Drive and a G Drive. The C Drive is always C and it's on a Windows XP computer. The G drive may be G today, but H tomorrow. How can I create a permanently working shortcut on the C Drive that points to the G, sometimes H, external hard drive? P.S. I am referring to an external hard drive, but I would also (not instead) be interested in the answer if it were a usb flash drive. (Keep in mind the shortcut is being created on the drive with the permanent letter). Thanks.

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• OpenVZ kernel panic

  - by GtoXic

  I recently installed OpenVZ on my VMWare box (To do some testing) and I get the following: https://www.dropbox.com/s/p38btkv5j84bvsh/Capture.JPG the GRUB config is as follows: # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title OpenVZ (2.6.32-042stab057.1) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 sysfs.deprecated=1 initrd /initrd-2.6.32-042stab057.1.img title CentOS (2.6.18-238.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-238.el5.img

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