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• How to grep 2 or 3 lines, one containing the text I want, and the others just below it?

  - by Kaustubh P

  This is a snapshot of error log: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.ensureIsOpen(AMQChannel.java:195) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:222) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:208) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.exnWrappingRpc(AMQChannel.java:139) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.basicGet(ChannelN.java:645) I do the following command: cat foo.log | grep ERROR to get an OP as: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message What command should I execute to get the output as 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel ie, also grep the line(s) after the pattern?

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• Preventing Users/Groups from accessing certain Domains

  - by ncphillips

  I have created a Study account which I use when doing anything school related work. It's purpose is to remove the distractions of my normal account, such as social media and news websites. I know /etc/hosts can be edited to block certain domains from being accessed, but this is for all Users, and I don't want to have to switch in and out of Admin to change it every time I want to focus. Is there any way to block these domains for specific Users or Groups?

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• Effective handling of variables in non-object oriented programming

  - by srnka

  What is the best method to use and share variables between functions in non object-oriented program languages? Let's say that I use 10 parameters from DB, ID and 9 other values linked to it. I need to work with all 10 parameters in many functions. I can do it next ways: 1. call functions only with using ID and in every function get the other parameters from DB. Advantage: local variables are clear visible, there is only one input parameter to function Disadvantage: it's slow and there are the same rows for getting parameters in every function, which makes function longer and not so clear 2. call functions with all 10 parameters Advantage: working with local variables, clear function code Disadvantage: many input parameters, what is not nice 3. getting parameters as global variables once and using them everywhere Advantage - clearer code, shorter functions, faster processing Disadvantage - global variables - loosing control of them, possibility of unwanted overwriting (Especially when some functions should change their values) Maybe there is some another way how to implement this and make program cleaner and more effective. Can you say which way is the best for solving this issue?

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• find grep pipe and ampersand

  - by HKK

  I am using cygwin to find a file on the cygdrive. However I need to suppress the permission denied messages (otherwise the results get hidden in the error messages). The following command works: find -name 'myfile.*' |& grep -v "Permission denied" I don't understand why the ampersand needs to be put into this command, would have expected this to work but it doesn't. find -name 'myfile.*' | grep -v "Permission denied" Please explain the meaning of the ampersand.

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• How to save terminal history manually?

  - by wim

  It's my understanding that the history file is updated when the terminal exits. But sometimes my computer crashes out, and the terminal doesn't exit cleanly, and then I lose those commands from my history which is annoying. How can I make it flush immediately, so that the entries still go there even if my computer has a meltdown? At the moment I'm using this workaround, but I feel there should be a better way. I'm using gnome-terminal on Ubuntu 12.10.

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• How do I change my PYTHONPATH to make 3,2 my default Python instead of 2.7.2?

  - by max

  I have python3.2 located in /usr/lib/python3.2. I am not sure if that means it's installed but I assume it is for now. Some facts about my system: $ which python /usr/local/bin/python When I type python in terminal I get the following $ python Python 2.7.2 (default, Dec 19 2011, 11:12:13) [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. Then to find the path I do >>> sys.info >>> sys.path ['', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.0.2-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL-1.1.7-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages'] So knowing all of this, how do I change my default system python from 2.7.2 to 3.2?

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• How to move only a specific amount of images from a folder

  - by Luis Alvarado

  I have a folder that has 200.000 images. I want to do the following: Move an X amount of images (50 images, 100 images, 200 images) from that folder to Y folder. Each Y folder can be a number (Folder 1, Folder 2, Folder 3...). The end result might look like this: Folder 1 (Has X amount of images) Folder 2 (Has X amount of images) Folder 3 (Has X amount of images) Folder 4 (Has X amount of images)

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• Creating basic ACPI event makes the system unusably slow

  - by skerit

  I want to change a few settings on my laptop when I switch to battery power. I created a new event in /etc/acpi/events/cust-battery and it looks like this: event=battery action=/home/skerit/power.sh I put a simple command in the power.sh file: echo This is a test >> /home/skerit/powertest Now, when I tail this file it shows "This is a test" 4-5 times upon switching to battery power. However, the system becomes totally unstable. It slows down significantly. I can't change anything in the terminal. The terminal and certain parts of the screen (like the gnome system monitor applet) go blank from time to time. What can be the cause of that? It's a simple echo that gets executed a few times!

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• ERROR CHECKING !!

  - by moata_u

  am trying catch any error when run command in order to write an log file / report i was trying write this code : FUNCTION FOR VALIDATION function valid (){ if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$var1" ": status : OK" else echo "$var1" ": status : ERROR" fi COMMAND FUNCTION function save(){ sed -i "/:@/c connection.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@$ip:1521:$dataBase" $search var1="adding database ip" valid $var1 sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" #$search retval=$? var1="addning database SID" valid $var1 $retval } save OUTPUT adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file i want out put in this way: adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file : status : ERROR" (OR) adding database ip : status : OK addning database SID : status : ERROR" I was tried toooo much but not working with me :(((

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• Chef bash resource not executing as specified user

  - by Arthur Maltson

  I'm writing a Chef cookbook to install Hubot. In the recipe, I do the following: bash "install hubot" do user hubot_user group hubot_group cwd install_dir code <<-EOH wget https://github.com/downloads/github/hubot/hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ tar xzvf hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ cd hubot && \ npm install EOH end However, when I try to run chef-client on the server installing the cookbook, I'm getting a permission denied writing to the directory of the user that runs chef-client, not the hubot user. For some reason, npm is trying to run under the wrong user, not the user specified in the bash resource. I am able to run sudo su - hubot -c "npm install /usr/local/hubot/hubot" manually, and this gets the result I want (installs hubot as the hubot user). However, it seems chef-client isn't executing the command as the hubot user. Below you'll find the chef-client execution. Thank you in advance. Saving to: `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' 0K ...... 100% 563K=0.01s 2012-01-23 12:32:55 (563 KB/s) - `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' saved [7115/7115] npm ERR! Could not create /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! Failed creating the tarball. npm ERR! couldn't pack /tmp/npm-1327339976597/1327339976597-0.13104878342710435/contents/package to /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! error installing [email protected] Error: EACCES, permission denied '/home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log' ... npm not ok ---- End output of "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" ---- Ran "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" returned 1

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• Why isn't .profile sourced on login to LXDE?

  - by papukaija

  I switched recently from GNOME to LXDE and since then my .profile file hasn't been sourced on login. I found out that my PATH variable doesn't include ~/bin anymore. However, my .profile file includes PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" while PATH's content is /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games. Is it intended that LXDE doesn't read this file on login? If yes, what file should I use to add the bin folder to the PATH variable? If not, to what package should I report a bug?

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• Converting Celsius Processor Temperature to Fahrenheit

  - by WindowsEscapist

  I'm editing a Conky theme. I would like it to output the processor temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius. In the ~/.conkyrc file, the command sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19 is used to find the temperature in Celsius for the first processor core. I want to use bc to compute this (give it outputvalue*9/5+32). Problem is, bc wants just absolute values, and I see no way to pass it program output. If I try to use something like temp=$(sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19) & echo 'temp*9/5+32' | bc, it ends up giving me 32 because it registers "temp" as a 0.

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• How to xkill an application by its id?

  - by Hanynowsky

  I need to simulate the behavior of the keyboard shortcut (ALT+F4) using Terminal for a given application. If I open for example gedit and click ALT + F4 , then GEDIT will be xkilled. If I want to achieve same thing using Terminal, how should I proceed? The command export PIDTOKILL=pidof gedit | grep [^*]; xkill -id $PIDTOKILL does not work and gives the following error: xkill: killing creator of resource 0x3f38 X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 113 (X_KillClient) Value in failed request: 0x3f38 Serial number of failed request: 8 Current serial number in output stream: 9 I think I am confusing application id and process id here

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• Logging every time a command is run

  - by Tom D

  I want to log every time I run a certain type of command in the terminal. For example, every time I run: sudo apt-get install [something] I want to add [something] to a log file in my home directory that will look like the following: [timestamp] [something] 2012-10-02 mysql-server 2012-10-03 ruby1.9.1 2012-10-06 gedit-plugins 2012-10-07 gnome-panel synaptic What's the easiest way to make this happen automatically?

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• Why ~/.bash_profile is not getting sourced when opening a terminal in Ubuntu 11.04?

  - by Viriato

  Problem I have an Ubuntu 11.04 Virtual Machine and I wanted to set up my Java development environment. I did as follows sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk Added the following entries to ~/.bash_profile export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin Save the changes and exit Open up a terminal again and typed the following echo $JAVA_HOME (blank) echo $PATH (displayed, but not the JAVA_HOME value) Nothing happened, like if the export of JAVA_HOME and it's addition to the PATH were never done. Solution I had to go to ~/.bashrc and add the following entry towards the end of file #Source bash_profile to set JAVA_HOME and add it to the PATH because for some reason is not being picked up . ~/.bash_profile Questions Why did I have to do that? I thought bash_profile, bash_login or profile in absence of those two get executed first before bashrc. Was in this case my terminal a non-login shell? If so, why when doing su after the terminal and putting the password it did not execute profile where I had also set the exports mentioned above?

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• Can I use standard tools to get the full name of a process, when its name has embedded spaces?

  - by fred.bear

  I understand that it may be a rare situation for an executable to have spaces in it, but it could happen. An example may be the best explanation.. Using standard tools, I want to determine the location (on the file system) of the executable which owns(?) the current window... get the current window ID ...(xdotool getactivewindow ) use the ID to get the PID ...(wmctrl -p -l | sed ... ID .... use the PID to get the executable's name ... (ps -A ... here is where I run into problems ! Whith ps, when listing only the executable's name (-o ucmd), it truncates the name to 15 characters, so this rules out this option for any name which is longer. Widening the column (-o ucmd:99 ) makes no difference.. If pgrep is anything to go by, its matching is limited to 15 because of stat (see: info pgrep).. Listings in variants of "full" mode (eg -A w w) are not useful when the name concerned has spaces in it, because this name is separated from its args by another space!.. Also, in "full" mode, if the process was started by a link, the name of the link is shown, rather than the executable's name. Is there some way to do this (using standard tools)? ...or are spaces a show stopper here?

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• What has 'rm -r ~' done to my home directory?

  - by GUI Junkie

  gedit creates hidden backup files ending with '~'. I wanted to do a recursive cleanup of my directory tree. The command rm *~ will delete all local files ending with '~' I thought rm -r *~ . would delete all files in the whole tree, but I typo-ed rm -r ~. There was a message some directory could not be deleted and I quit the command. The question is: What have I been deleting? I did notice that my Filezilla configuration was gone. Does this command delete all hidden directories from the home dir?

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• When is it appropriate to use colour in a command-line application?

  - by marcoms

  Currently I have a command-line application in C called btcwatch. It has a -C option that it can receive as an argument that compares the current price of Bitcoin with a price that was stored beforehand with -S. Example output with this option is: $ btcwatch -vC # -v = verbose buy: UP $ 32.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 132.000000) sell: UP $ 16.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 116.000000) The dilemma is whether to use colour for the UP or DOWN string (green and red, respectively). Most command-line applications I know of (apart from git) stay away from colour in their output. In my desire for btcwatch to look and be quite "standard" (use of getopt, Makefiles, etc), I'm not sure if colour would look out of place in this situation.

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• How to copy files via terminal?

  - by Levan

  This might sound silly for some people but I'm new to Linux and don't know how to use it as good as other people, yes I rad about copying files with terminal but these examples will help me a lot. So here is what I want to do: Examples: I have a file in /home/levan/kdenlive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /media/sda3/SkyDrive and do not want to delete any thing in SkyDrive directory. I have a file in /media/sda3/SkyDrive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /home/levan/kdenlive and do not want to delete any thing in kdenlive directory I want to copy a folder from home directory to sda3 and do not want to delete any thing on sda3 directory and opposite I want to cut a folder/file and copy to other place without deleting files in that directory I cut it into.

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• Installing a directory with a Debian Package

  - by Meisie

  Hi guys I want to create a Debian Package that installs a bunch of Folders to a system but I can't get it working. The Package gets created without any errors and lintian also says it's okay but installing does nothing. The rules file looks like this: <#>!/usr/bin/make -f logs = $(CURDIR)/shell_logs/ DEST1 = /opt/Pacetutor/ build: build-stamp build-stamp: dh_testdir touch build-stam clean: dh_testdir dh_testroot rm -f build-stamp dh_clean install: build clean $(logs) dh_testdir dh_testroot dh_prep dh_installdirs mkdir -m 755 -p $(DEST1) <- this is propably optional or not needed -> cp -r $(logs) $(DEST1) <- using mv works but thats not what I want. -> binary-indep: build install dh_testdir dh_testroot dh_installchangelogs dh_installdocs dh_installexamples dh_installman dh_link dh_compress dh_fixperms dh_installdeb dh_gencontrol dh_md5sums dh_builddeb binary-arch: build install binary: binary-indep binary-arch .PHONY: build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install

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• Copying specific subfolders with directory structure to a new folder

  - by Shan

  I have the following directory structure: Main_Dir | ------------------------------ Subdir1 Subdir2 Subdir3 | | | ----------- ---------- --------- | | | | | | | | | fo1 fo2 f03 fo1 fo2 f03 fo1 fo2 f03 I want to copy all the subdirectories (Subdir1, Subdir2, Subdir3) to a new folder. But how would I only copy fo1 and fo2 folders to the new place?

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• Git autocomplete is asking for a password, not sure why

  - by Soldier.moth

  I'm running into an issue with autocomplete using git... I am using ubuntu 12.10 and when I perform the following keystrokes g i t Space Bar Tab I am presented with the error Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. and prompted for a password. I am not clear how to go about troubleshooting this error, I have tried uninstalling and reinstalling git to no avail. Screenshot of terminal with error:

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• ssh:connection timed out

  - by user1155299

  I am trying the following command on ubuntu ssh [email protected] and I get the following error: ssh: connect to host xx.xx.xxx.xxx port 22: Connection timed out so, I tried the following: telnet xx.xx.xxx.xxx 22xx and I got the following message: Trying xx.xx.xxx.xxx... Connected to xx.xx.xxx.xxx. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5 Connection closed by foreign host. Can anyone help me understand what the problem is and how I can fix it.

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• How to join two command output

  - by UAdapter

  for example I have command that shows how much space folder takes du folder | sort -n it works great, however I would like to have human readable form du -h folder however if I do that than I cannot sort it as numeric. How to join "du folder" and "du -h folder" to see output sorted as "du folder", but with first column from "du -h folder" P.S. this is just an example. this technique might be very useful for me (if its possible)

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• echo difference between ubuntu and RedHat

  - by arcomber

  I have mostly been experimenting with ubuntu but recently was using a Red Hat Enterprise system and was surprised at a difference I found setting and displaying env variables. In ubuntu I might have an interaction like this: acomber@mail:~$ export MY_VAR=i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo $MY_VAR i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo "$MY_VAR" i686-linux But on RHEL: acomber@mail:~$ export MY_VAR=i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo $MY_VAR acomber@mail:~$ echo "$MY_VAR" i686-linux I know this is a ubuntu forum but why the difference? Why do I need to enclose in quotes on RH? There are no spaces in the variable name?

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