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  • C# iterator is executed twice when composing two IEnumerable methods

    - by achristoph
    I just started learning about C# iterator but got confused with the flow of the program after reading the output of the program. The foreach with uniqueVals seems to be executed twice. My understanding is that the first few lines up to the line before "Nums in Square: 3" should not be there. Can anyone help to explain why this happens? The output is: Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Nums in Square: 3 Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Square: 1 Number returned from Unique: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Square: 2 Number returned from Unique: 4 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Square: 3 Number returned from Unique: 9 static class Program { public static IEnumerable<T> Unique<T>(IEnumerable<T> sequence) { Dictionary<T, T> uniqueVals = new Dictionary<T, T>(); foreach (T item in sequence) { Console.WriteLine("Unique: {0}", item); if (!uniqueVals.ContainsKey(item)) { Console.WriteLine("Adding to uniqueVals: {0}", item); uniqueVals.Add(item, item); yield return item; Console.WriteLine("After Unique yield: {0}", item); } } } public static IEnumerable<int> Square(IEnumerable<int> nums) { Console.WriteLine("Nums in Square: {0}", nums.Count()); foreach (int num in nums) { Console.WriteLine("Square: {0}", num); yield return num * num; Console.WriteLine("After Square yield: {0}", num); } } static void Main(string[] args) { var nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 2, 3 }; foreach (int num in Square(Unique(nums))) Console.WriteLine("Number returned from Unique: {0}", num); Console.Read(); } }

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  • datareader.close is called in if - else branching. How to validate datareader is actually closed usi

    - by tanmay
    Hi, I have written couple of custom rules in for fxcop 1.36. I have written a code to find weather opened datareader is closed or not. But it does not check which datareader object is calling the close() method so I can't be sure if all opened datareader objs are closed!! 2nd: if I am using data reader in IF else like if 1=2 dr = cmd.executeReader(); else dr = cmd2.execureReader(); end if in this case it will search for 2 datareader objects to be closed.. I am putting my code for more clarity. public override ProblemCollection Check(Member member) { Method method = member as Method; int countCatch =0; int countErrLog = 0; Instruction objInstr = null; if (method != null) { for (int i = 0; i < method.Instructions.Count; i++) { objInstr = method.Instructions[i]; if (objInstr.Value != null) { if (objInstr.Value.ToString().Contains("System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader")) { countCatch += 1; } if (countCatch>0) { if (objInstr.Value.ToString().Contains("System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.Close")) { countErrLog += 1; } } } } } if (countErrLog!=countCatch) { Resolution resolu = GetResolution(new string[] { method.ToString() }); Problems.Add(new Problem(resolu)); } return Problems; Thanks and regards, Tanmay.

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  • one table is shared between several websites

    - by sami
    I have a static table that's shared by several websites. By static, I mean that the data is read but never updated by the websites. Currently, all websites are served from the same server but that may change. I want to minimize the need for creating/maintaining this table for each of the websites, so I thought about turning it to an xml file that's stored in a shared library that all websites have access to. The problem is I use an ORM and use forign key constraints to ensure integrity of the ids used from that table, so by removing that table out of the MySQL database into an XML file, will this affect the integrity of the ids coming from that table? My table looks like this <table name="entry"> <column name="id" type="INTEGER" primaryKey="true" autoIncrement="true" /> <column name="title" type="VARCHAR" size="500" required="true" /> </table> and I use it as a foreign key in other tables <table name="refer"> <column name="id" type="INTEGER" primaryKey="true" autoIncrement="true" /> <column name="linkto" type="INTEGER"/> <foreign-key foreignTable="entry"> <reference local="linkto" foreign="id" /> </foreign-key> </table> So I'm wondering if I remove that table out of the database, is there a way to retain that referential integrity? And of course are these any other efficient ways to do the same thing? I just don't want to have to repeat that table for several websites.

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  • PHP self form validation

    - by Jordan Pagaduan
    <?php function VerifyForm(&$values, &$errors) { if (strlen($values['fname']) == 0) $errors['fname'] = 'Enter First Name'; if (strlen($values['lname']) == 0) $errors['lname'] = 'Enter Last Name'; if (strlen($values['mname']) == 0) $errors['mname'] = 'Enter Middle Name'; if (strlen($values['address']) == 0) $errors['address'] = 'Enter Address'; if (strlen($values['terms']) == 0) $errors['terms'] = 'Please Read Terms and Agreement and Check the box.'; if (!ereg('.*@.*\..{2,4}', $values['email'])) $errors['email'] = 'Email address invalid'; else if (strlen($values['email']) < 0) $errors['email'] = 'Enter Email Address'; return (count($errors) == 0); } function DisplayForm($values, $errors) { ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>GIA Soap » Products » Customer Informations</title> <link href="stylesheet/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js_files/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js_files/sliding_effect.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js_files/slideshow.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="bg_top"> <div class="bg_bottom"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="header"> <div class="logo"> </div> <div class="logo_text"> <div class="logo_head_text">Gia Soap Making</div> <div class="logo_sub_text">Sub text here</div> </div> </div> <div class="h_nav"> <div class="h_nav_dash"> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="content_term"> <div class="content_terms"> <br /> <h1><p>Customer Information</p></h1><br /> <p>Please the following correctly.</p> <div class="customer_info"> <?php if (count($errors) > 0) echo "<p>There were some errors in your submitted form, please correct them and try again.</p>"; ?> <form method="post" action="<?= $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ?>"> <!-- hidden values --> <input type="hidden" value="<?php echo $papaya; ?>" name="papaya" /> <input type="hidden" value="<?php echo $carrot; ?>" name="carrot" /> <input type="hidden" value="<?php echo $guava; ?>" name="guava" /> <label for="customer_fname">First Name (<i>Required</i>)</label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_fname" name="customer_fname" value="<?= htmlentities($values['fname']) ?>" /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['fname'] ?></span> <label for="customer_lname">Last Name (<i>Required</i>)</label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_fname" name="customer_fname" value="<?= htmlentities($values['lname']) ?>" /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['lname'] ?></span> <label for="customer_mname">Middle Name (<i>Required</i>)</label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_fname" name="customer_fname" value="<?= htmlentities($values['mname']) ?>" /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['mname'] ?></span> <label for="customer_add">Address (<i>Required : Complete Address Please</i>)</label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_add" name="customer_add1" value="<?= htmlentities($values['address']) ?>" /><br /> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_add" name="customer_add2" /><br /> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_add" name="customer_add3" /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['address'] ?></span> <label for="customer_email">Email Address (<i>Required</i>)</label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_email" name="customer_email" value="<?= htmlentities($values['email']) ?>" /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['email'] ?></span> <label for="customer_phone">Phone Number </label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_phone" name="customer_phone" /> <label for="customer_mobile">Mobile Number </label> <input type="text" class="textbox" id="customer_mobile" name="customer_mobile" /> <br /><br /> <div class="terms"> <center> <h1>Terms and Agreement</h1><br /> <p>Please read the following.</p><br /> </div> <br /> <input type="checkbox" name="terms" value="<?= htmlentities($values['terms']) ?>" /> I Read the Terms and Agreement<br /><br /> <span class="error_msg"><?= $errors['terms'] ?></span> <input type="submit" value="Send Order" class="prod_subbtn" /> </center> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <?php include ('includes/footer.php'); ?> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> <?php } function ProcessForm($values) { $papaya = $_POST['papaya']; $carrot = $_POST['carrot']; $guava = $_POST['guava']; $fname = $_POST['fname']; $lname = $_POST['lname']; $mname = $_POST['mname']; $address = $_POST['address']; } if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { $formValues = $_POST; $formErrors = array(); if (!VerifyForm($formValues, $formErrors)) DisplayForm($formValues, $formErrors); else ProcessForm($formValues); } else DisplayForm(null, null); ?> The output is: [link text]1 Problem the value that I put is can be seen by users.

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  • .NET Regular Expression to find actual words in text

    - by Mehdi Anis
    I am using VB .NET to write a program that will get the words from a suplied text file and count how many times each word appears. I am using this regular expression:- parser As New Regex("\w+") It gives me almost 100% correct words. Except when I have words like "Ms Word App file name is word.exe." or "is this a c# statment If(ab?1,0) ?" In such cases I get [word & exe] AND [If, a, b, 1 and 0] as seperate words. it would be nice (for my purpose) that I received word.exe and (If(ab?1,0) as words. I guess \w+ looks for white space, sentence terminating punctuation mark and other punctuation marks to determine a word. I want a similar regular Expression that will not break a word by a punctuation mark, if the punctuation mark is not the end of the word. I think end-of-word can be defined by a trailing WhiteSpace, Sentence terminating Punctuation (you may think of others). if you can suggest some regular expression 9for VB .NET) that will be great help. Thanks.

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  • Dynamic Method Creation

    - by TJMonk15
    So, I have been trying to research this all morning, and have had no luck. I am trying to find a way to dynamically create a method/delegate/lambda that returns a new instance of a certain class (not known until runtime) that inherits from a certain base class. I can guarantee the following about the unknown/dynamic class It will always inherit from one known Class (Row) It will have atleast 2 constructors (one accepting a long, and one accepting an IDataRecord) I plan on doign the following: Finding all classes that have a certain attribute on them Creating a delegate/method/lambda/whatever that creates a new instance of the class Storing the delegate/whatever along with some properties in a struct/class Insert the struct into a hashtable When needed, pull the info out of the hashtable and calling the delegate/whatever to get a new instance of the class and returning it/adding it to a list/etc. I need help only with #2 above!!! I have no idea where to start. I really just need some reference material to get me started, or some keywords to throw into google. This is for a compact/simple to use ORM for our office here. I understand the above is not simple, but once working, should make maintaining the code incredibly simple. Please let me know if you need any more info! And thanks in advance! :)

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  • Do COM Dll References Require Manual Disposal? If so, How?

    - by Drew
    I have written some code in VB that verifies that a particular port in the Windows Firewall is open, and opens one otherwise. The code uses references to three COM DLLs. I wrote a WindowsFirewall class, which Imports the primary namespace defined by the DLLs. Within members of the WindowsFirewall class I construct some of the types defined by the DLLs referenced. The following code isn't the entire class, but demonstrates what I am doing. Imports NetFwTypeLib Public Class WindowsFirewall Public Shared Function IsFirewallEnabled as Boolean Dim icfMgr As INetFwMgr icfMgr = CType(System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetTypeFromProgID("HNetCfg.FwMgr")), INetFwMgr) Dim profile As INetFwProfile profile = icfMgr.LocalPolicy.CurrentProfile Dim fIsFirewallEnabled as Boolean fIsFirewallEnabled = profile.FirewallEnabled return fIsFirewallEnabled End Function End Class I do not reference COM DLLs very often. I have read that unmanaged code may not be cleaned up by the garbage collector and I would like to know how to make sure that I have not introduced any memory leaks. Please tell me (a) if I have introduced a memory leak, and (b) how I may clean it up. (My theory is that the icfMgr and profile objects do allocate memory that remains unreleased until after the application closes. I am hopeful that setting their references equal to nothing will mark them for garbage collection, since I can find no other way to dispose of them. Neither one implements IDisposable, and neither contains a Finalize method. I suspect they may not even be relevant here, and that both of those methods of releasing memory only apply to .Net types.)

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  • Twitter api - no more than 150 requests per hour....

    - by RenegadeAndy
    Hi. I am writing a twitter app using jtwitter - and its running inside a server inside my work. Anyway - whenever i run it from work it returns the error below and I am only making a couple requests per hour: HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request {"request":"/1/statuses/user_timeline.json?count=6&id=cicsdemo&","error":"Rate limit exceeded. Clients may not make more than 150 requests per hour."} ] 2010-06-03 18:44:49 zero.timer.TimerTask::run Thread-3 SEVERE [ CWPZA3100E: Exception during processing for timer task, "twitterTimer". Exception: java.lang.ClassCastException: winterwell.jtwitter.Twitter$Status incompatible with java.lang.String ] I run the same code from home - its fine. So obviously at some point twitter thinks our work is all coming from one direct IP - which is why its hitting a limit which it shouldnt. Do I have any choice or workaround - can i make the limit be counted from my direct machine IP - or to my account instead of IP? Can i use a proxy? Has any body else had this problem and solved it?! Before anyone asks the APP must live inside my work - it cannot run anywhere else! Cheers, Andy

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  • Write a C++ program to encrypt and decrypt certain codes.

    - by Amber
    Step 1: Write a function int GetText(char[],int); which fills a character array from a requested file. That is, the function should prompt the user to input the filename, and then read up to the number of characters given as the second argument, terminating when the number has been reached or when the end of file is encountered. The file should then be closed. The number of characters placed in the array is then returned as the value of the function. Every character in the file should be transferred to the array. Whitespace should not be removed. When testing, assume that no more than 5000 characters will be read. The function should be placed in a file called coding.cpp while the main will be in ass5.cpp. To enable the prototypes to be accessible, the file coding.h contains the prototypes for all the functions that are to be written in coding.cpp for this assignment. (You may write other functions. If they are called from any of the functions in coding.h, they must appear in coding.cpp where their prototypes should also appear. Do not alter coding.h. Any other functions written for this assignment should be placed, along with their prototypes, with the main function.) Step 2: Write a function int SimplifyText(char[],int); which simplifies the text in the first argument, an array containing the number of characters as given in the second argument, by converting all alphabetic characters to lower case, removing all non-alpha characters, and replacing multiple whitespace by one blank. Any leading whitespace at the beginning of the array should be removed completely. The resulting number of characters should be returned as the value of the function. Note that another array cannot appear in the function (as the file does not contain one). For example, if the array contained the 29 characters "The 39 Steps" by John Buchan (with the " appearing in the array), the simplified text would be the steps by john buchan of length 24. The array should not contain a null character at the end. Step 3: Using the file test.txt, test your program so far. You will need to write a function void PrintText(const char[],int,int); that prints out the contents of the array, whose length is the second argument, breaking the lines to exactly the number of characters in the third argument. Be warned that, if the array contains newlines (as it would when read from a file), lines will be broken earlier than the specified length. Step 4: Write a function void Caesar(const char[],int,char[],int); which takes the first argument array, with length given by the second argument and codes it into the third argument array, using the shift given in the fourth argument. The shift must be performed cyclicly and must also be able to handle negative shifts. Shifts exceeding 26 can be reduced by modulo arithmetic. (Is C++'s modulo operations on negative numbers a problem here?) Demonstrate that the test file, as simplified, can be coded and decoded using a given shift by listing the original input text, the simplified text (indicating the new length), the coded text and finally the decoded text. Step 5: The permutation cypher does not limit the character substitution to just a shift. In fact, each of the 26 characters is coded to one of the others in an arbitrary way. So, for example, a might become f, b become q, c become d, but a letter never remains the same. How the letters are rearranged can be specified using a seed to the random number generator. The code can then be decoded, if the decoder has the same random number generator and knows the seed. Write the function void Permute(const char[],int,char[],unsigned long); with the same first three arguments as Caesar above, with the fourth argument being the seed. The function will have to make up a permutation table as follows: To find what a is coded as, generate a random number from 1 to 25. Add that to a to get the coded letter. Mark that letter as used. For b, generate 1 to 24, then step that many letters after b, ignoring the used letter if encountered. For c, generate 1 to 23, ignoring a or b's codes if encountered. Wrap around at z. Here's an example, for only the 6 letters a, b, c, d, e, f. For the letter a, generate, from 1-5, a 2. Then a - c. c is marked as used. For the letter b, generate, from 1-4, a 3. So count 3 from b, skipping c (since it is marked as used) yielding the coding of b - f. Mark f as used. For c, generate, from 1-3, a 3. So count 3 from c, skipping f, giving a. Note the wrap at the last letter back to the first. And so on, yielding a - c b - f c - a d - b (it got a 2) e - d f - e Thus, for a given seed, a translation table is required. To decode a piece of text, we need the table generated to be re-arranged so that the right hand column is in order. In fact you can just store the table in the reverse way (e.g., if a gets encoded to c, put a opposite c is the table). Write a function called void DePermute(const char[],int,char[], unsigned long); to reverse the permutation cypher. Again, test your functions using the test file. At this point, any main program used to test these functions will not be required as part of the assignment. The remainder of the assignment uses some of these functions, and needs its own main function. When submitted, all the above functions will be tested by the marker's own main function. Step 6: If the seed number is unknown, decoding is difficult. Write a main program which: (i) reads in a piece of text using GetText; (ii) simplifies the text using SimplifyText; (iii) prints the text using PrintText; (iv) requests two letters to swap. If we think 'a' in the text should be 'q' we would type aq as input. The text would be modified by swapping the a's and q's, and the text reprinted. Repeat this last step until the user considers the text is decoded, when the input of the same letter twice (requesting a letter to be swapped with itself) terminates the program. Step 7: If we have a large enough sample of coded text, we can use knowledge of English to aid in finding the permutation. The first clue is in the frequency of occurrence of each letter. Write a function void LetterFreq(const char[],int,freq[]); which takes the piece of text given as the first two arguments (same as above) and returns in the 26 long array of structs (the third argument), the table of the frequency of the 26 letters. This frequency table should be in decreasing order of popularity. A simple Selection Sort will suffice. (This will be described in lectures.) When printed, this summary would look something like v x r s z j p t n c l h u o i b w d g e a q y k f m 168106 68 66 59 54 48 45 44 35 26 24 22 20 20 20 17 13 12 12 4 4 1 0 0 0 The formatting will require the use of input/output manipulators. See the header file for the definition of the struct called freq. Modify the program so that, before each swap is requested, the current frequency of the letters is printed. This does not require further calls to LetterFreq, however. You may use the traditional order of regular letter frequencies (E T A I O N S H R D L U) as a guide when deciding what characters to exchange. Step 8: The decoding process can be made more difficult if blank is also coded. That is, consider the alphabet to be 27 letters. Rewrite LetterFreq and your main program to handle blank as another character to code. In the above frequency order, space usually comes first.

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  • URL equals and checking Internet access

    - by James P.
    On http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/net/URL.html it states that: Compares this URL for equality with another object. If the given object is not a URL then this method immediately returns false. Two URL objects are equal if they have the same protocol, reference equivalent hosts, have the same port number on the host, and the same file and fragment of the file. Two hosts are considered equivalent if both host names can be resolved into the same IP addresses; else if either host name can't be resolved, the host names must be equal without regard to case; or both host names equal to null. Since hosts comparison requires name resolution, this operation is a blocking operation. Note: The defined behavior for equals is known to be inconsistent with virtual hosting in HTTP. According to this, equals will only work if name resolution is possible. Since I can't be sure that a computer has internet access at a given time, should I just use Strings to store addresses instead? Also, how do I go about testing if access is available when requested?

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  • Multiple SessionFactories in Windows Service with NHibernate

    - by Rob Taylor
    Hi all, I have a Webapp which connects to 2 DBs (one core, the other is a logging DB). I must now create a Windows service which will use the same business logic/Data access DLLs. However when I try to reference 2 session factories in the Service App and call the factory.GetCurrentSession() method, I get the error message "No session bound to current context". Does anyone have a suggestion about how this can be done? public class StaticSessionManager { public static readonly ISessionFactory SessionFactory; public static readonly ISessionFactory LoggingSessionFactory; static StaticSessionManager() { string fileName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DefaultNHihbernateConfigFile"]; string executingPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase); fileName = executingPath + "\\" + fileName; SessionFactory = cfg.Configure(fileName).BuildSessionFactory(); cfg = new Configuration(); fileName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["LoggingNHihbernateConfigFile"]; fileName = executingPath + "\\" + fileName; LoggingSessionFactory = cfg.Configure(fileName).BuildSessionFactory(); } } The configuration file has the setting: <property name="current_session_context_class">call</property> The service sets up the factories: private ISession _session = null; private ISession _loggingSession = null; private ISessionFactory _sessionFactory = StaticSessionManager.SessionFactory; private ISessionFactory _loggingSessionFactory = StaticSessionManager.LoggingSessionFactory; ... _sessionFactory = StaticSessionManager.SessionFactory; _loggingSessionFactory = StaticSessionManager.LoggingSessionFactory; _session = _sessionFactory.OpenSession(); NHibernate.Context.CurrentSessionContext.Bind(_session); _loggingSession = _loggingSessionFactory.OpenSession(); NHibernate.Context.CurrentSessionContext.Bind(_loggingSession); So finally, I try to call the correct factory by: ISession session = StaticSessionManager.SessionFactory.GetCurrentSession(); Can anyone suggest a better way to handle this? Thanks in advance! Rob

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  • Bad performance function in PHP. With large files memory blows up! How can I refactor?

    - by André
    Hi I have a function that strips out lines from files. I'm handling with large files(more than 100Mb). I have the PHP Memory with 256MB but the function that handles with the strip out of lines blows up with a 100MB CSV File. What the function must do is this: Originally I have the CSV like: Copyright (c) 2007 MaxMind LLC. All Rights Reserved. locId,country,region,city,postalCode,latitude,longitude,metroCode,areaCode 1,"O1","","","",0.0000,0.0000,, 2,"AP","","","",35.0000,105.0000,, 3,"EU","","","",47.0000,8.0000,, 4,"AD","","","",42.5000,1.5000,, 5,"AE","","","",24.0000,54.0000,, 6,"AF","","","",33.0000,65.0000,, 7,"AG","","","",17.0500,-61.8000,, 8,"AI","","","",18.2500,-63.1667,, 9,"AL","","","",41.0000,20.0000,, When I pass the CSV file to this function I got: locId,country,region,city,postalCode,latitude,longitude,metroCode,areaCode 1,"O1","","","",0.0000,0.0000,, 2,"AP","","","",35.0000,105.0000,, 3,"EU","","","",47.0000,8.0000,, 4,"AD","","","",42.5000,1.5000,, 5,"AE","","","",24.0000,54.0000,, 6,"AF","","","",33.0000,65.0000,, 7,"AG","","","",17.0500,-61.8000,, 8,"AI","","","",18.2500,-63.1667,, 9,"AL","","","",41.0000,20.0000,, It only strips out the first line, nothing more. The problem is the performance of this function with large files, it blows up the memory. The function is: public function deleteLine($line_no, $csvFileName) { // this function strips a specific line from a file // if a line is stripped, functions returns True else false // // e.g. // deleteLine(-1, xyz.csv); // strip last line // deleteLine(1, xyz.csv); // strip first line // Assigna o nome do ficheiro $filename = $csvFileName; $strip_return=FALSE; $data=file($filename); $pipe=fopen($filename,'w'); $size=count($data); if($line_no==-1) $skip=$size-1; else $skip=$line_no-1; for($line=0;$line<$size;$line++) if($line!=$skip) fputs($pipe,$data[$line]); else $strip_return=TRUE; return $strip_return; } It is possible to refactor this function to not blow up with the 256MB PHP Memory? Give me some clues. Best Regards,

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  • Natural problems to solve using closures

    - by m.u.sheikh
    I have read quite a few articles on closures, and, embarassingly enough, I still don't understand this concept! Articles explain how to create a closure with a few examples, but I don't see any point in paying much attention to them, as they largely look contrived examples. I am not saying all of them are contrived, just that the ones I found looked contrived, and I dint see how even after understanding them, I will be able to use them. So in order to understand closures, I am looking at a few real problems, that can be solved very naturally using closures. For instance, a natural way to explain recursion to a person could be to explain the computation of n!. It is very natural to understand a problem like computing the factorial of a number using recursion. Similarly, it is almost a no-brainer to find an element in an unsorted array by reading each element, and comparing with the number in question. Also, at a different level, doing Object-oriented programming also makes sense. So I am trying to find a number of problems that could be solved with or without closures, but using closures makes thinking about them and solving them easier. Also, there are two types to closures, where each call to a closure can create a copy of the environment variables, or reference the same variables. So what sort of problems can be solved more naturally in which of the closure implementations?

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  • Immutable classes in C++

    - by ereOn
    Hi, In one of my projects, I have some classes that represent entities that cannot change once created, aka. immutable classes. Example : A class RSAKey that represent a RSA key which only has const methods. There is no point changing the existing instance: if you need another one, you just create one. My objects sometimes are heavy and I enforced the use of smart pointers to avoid copy. So far, I have the following pattern for my classes: class RSAKey : public boost::noncopyable, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<RSAKey> { public: /** * \brief Some factory. * \param member A member value. * \return An instance. */ static boost::shared_ptr<const RSAKey> createFromMember(int member); /** * \brief Get a member. * \return The member. */ int getMember() const; private: /** * \brief Constructor. * \param member A member. */ RSAKey(int member); /** * \brief Member. */ const int m_member; }; So you can only get a pointer (well, a smart pointer) to a const RSAKey. To me, it makes sense, because having a non-const reference to the instance is useless (it only has const methods). Do you guys see any issue regarding this pattern ? Are immutable classes something common in C++ or did I just created a monster ? Thank you for your advices !

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  • Wrong colors when merging images with PHP

    - by OfficeJet
    Hi, I want to get images ID's and creat from files a merged image according to the given ID's. This code is called by ajax and return the image file name (which is the server time to prevent browser caching). code: if (isset($_REQUEST['items'])){ $req_items = $_REQUEST['items']; } else { $req_items = 'a'; } $items = explode(',',$req_items); $bg_img = imagecreatefrompng('bg.png'); for ($i=0; $i<count($items); $i++){ $main_img = $items[$i].'-large.png'; $image = imagecreatefrompng($main_img); $image_tc = imagecreatetruecolor(300, 200); imagecopy($image_tc,$image,0,0,0,0,300,200); $black = imagecolorallocate($image_tc, 0, 0, 0); imagecolortransparent($image_tc, $black); $opacity = 100; $bg_width = 300; $bg_height = 200; $dest_x = 0;//$image_size[0] - $bg_width - $padding; $dest_y = 0;//$image_size[1] - $bg_height - $padding; imagecopymerge($bg_img, $image_tc, $dest_x, $dest_y, 0, 0, $bg_width, $bg_height, $opacity) ; } $file = $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'].'.jpg'; imagejpeg($bg_img, $file, 100); echo $file; imagedestroy($bg_img); imagedestroy($image); die(); The images are shown exactly as I want but with wrong colors. I lately added the part with imagecreatetruecolor and imagecolortransparent, and still got wrong results. I also saved the PNG itself on a 24 bit format and also later as 8 bit - not helping. every ideas is very welcomed ! Thanks

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  • DataGridView with row-specific DataGridViewComboBoxColumn contents

    - by XXXXX
    So I have something like the following data structure (constructors omitted) class Child { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } class Parent { public string Name { get; set; } public List <Child> Children { get; private set; } // never null; list never empty public Child FavoriteChild { get; set; } // never null; always a reference to a Child in Children } List < Parent > Parents; What I want to do is show a DataGridView where each row is a Parent from Parent list. Each row should have two columns: a text box showing the parent's name and a DataGridViewComboBoxColumn containing that parent's children, from which the user can select the parent's favorite child. I suppose I could do the whole thing manually, but I'd like to do all this with more-or-less standard Data Binding. It's easy enough to bind the DataGridView to the list of parents, and easy enough to bind the selected child to the FavoriteChild property. The part that's giving me difficulty is that it looks like the Combo Box column wants to bind to one data source for all the combo-box's contents on all rows. I'd like each instance of the combo box to bind to the list of each parent's children. I'm fairly new to C#/Windows Forms, so I may well be missing something obvious. Or it could be that "you can't get there from here." It's not too tough to make a separate list of all the children and filter it by parent; I'm looking into that possibility right now. Is this feasible, or is there a better way?

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  • Wicket: How to implement an IDataProvider/LoadableDetachableModel for indexed lists

    - by cretzel
    What's the best way to implement an IDataProvider and a LoadableDetachable in Wicket for an indexed list? Suppose I have a Customer who has a list of Adresses. class Customer { List adresses; } Now I want to implement a data provider/ldm for the adresses of a customer. I suppose the usual way is an IDataProvider as an inner class which refers to the customer model of the component, like: class AdressDataProvider implements IDataProvider { public Iterator iterator() { Customer c = (Customer)Component.this.getModel(); // somehow get the customer model return c.getAdresses().iterator(); } public IModel model(Object o) { Adress a = (Adress) o; // Return an LDM which loads the adress by id. return new AdressLoadableDetachableModel(a.getId()); } } Question: How would I implement this, when the adress does not have an ID (e.g. it's a Hibernate Embeddable/CollectionOfElements) but can only be identified by its index in the customer.adresses list? How do I keep reference to the owning entity and the index? In fact, I know a solution, but I wonder if there's a common pattern to do this.

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  • Skip HTML escape in custom label_tag helper in Rail 3

    - by tricote
    Hi, I have this nice class ErrorFormBuilder that allows me to add the error description near the corresponding field in the form view : class ErrorFormBuilder < ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder #Adds error message directly inline to a form label #Accepts all the options normall passed to form.label as well as: # :hide_errors - true if you don't want errors displayed on this label # :additional_text - Will add additional text after the error message or after the label if no errors def label(method, text = nil, options = {}) #Check to see if text for this label has been supplied and humanize the field name if not. text = text || method.to_s.humanize #Get a reference to the model object object = @template.instance_variable_get("@#{@object_name}") #Make sure we have an object and we're not told to hide errors for this label unless object.nil? || options[:hide_errors] #Check if there are any errors for this field in the model errors = object.errors.on(method.to_sym) if errors #Generate the label using the text as well as the error message wrapped in a span with error class text += " <br/><span class=\"error\">#{errors.is_a?(Array) ? errors.first : errors}</span>" end end #Add any additional text that might be needed on the label text += " #{options[:additional_text]}" if options[:additional_text] #Finally hand off to super to deal with the display of the label super(method, text, options) end end But the HTML : text += " <br/><span class=\"error\">#{errors.is_a?(Array) ? errors.first : errors}</span>" is escaped by default in the view... I tried to add the {:escape = false} option : super(method, text, options.merge({:escape => false})) without success Is there any way to bypass this behavior ? Thanks

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  • Problem with jquery #find on partial postback

    - by anonymous
    I have a third party component. It is a calendar control. I have a clientside event on it which fires javascript to show a popup menu. I do everything client side so I can use MVC. dd function MouseDown(oDayView, oEvent, element) { try { e = oEvent.event; var rightClick = (e.button == 2); if (rightClick) { var menu = $find("2_menuSharedCalPopUp"); menu.showAt(200, 200, e); } } catch (err) { alert("MouseDown() err: " + err.description); } } The javascript fires perfectly withe $find intially. I have another clientside method which updates the calendar via a partial postback. Once I have done this all subsequent MouseDowns( rightclicks) which use the $find statment error with 'null'. All similar problems people have out there seem to be around calling javascript after a postback - with solutions being re-registering an event using PageRequestManager or registering a clientside function on the server - et cetera. However, the event is firing, and the javascript working - it's the reference in the DOM that seems an issue. Any ideas?

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  • rails named_scope issue with eager loading

    - by Craig
    Two models (Rails 2.3.8): User; username & disabled properties; User has_one :profile Profile; full_name & hidden properties I am trying to create a named_scope that eliminate the disabled=1 and hidden=1 User-Profiles. Moreover, while the User model is usually used in conjunction with the Profile model, I would like the flexibility to be able specify this using the :include = :profile syntax. I have the following User named_scope: named_scope :visible, { :joins => "INNER JOIN profiles ON users.id=profiles.user_id", :conditions => ["users.disabled = ? AND profiles.hidden = ?", false, false] } This works as expected when just reference the User model: >> User.visible.map(&:username).flatten => ["user a", "user b", "user c", "user d"] However, when I attempt to include the Profile model: User.visible(:include=> :profiles).profile.map(&:full_name).flatten I get an error that reads: NoMethodError: undefined method `profile' for #<User:0x1030bc828> Am I able to cross model-collection boundaries in this manner?

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  • Counting string length in javascript and Ruby on Rails

    - by williamjones
    I've got a text area on a web site that should be limited in length. I'm allowing users to enter 255 characters, and am enforcing that limit with a Rails validation: validates_length_of :body, :maximum => 255 At the same time, I added a javascript char counter like you see on Twitter, to give feedback to the user on how many characters he has already used, and to disable the submit button when over length, and am getting that length in Javascript with a call like this: element.length Lastly, to enforce data integrity, in my Postgres database, I have created this field as a varchar(255) as a last line of defense. Unfortunately, these methods of counting characters do not appear to be directly compatible. Javascript counts the best, in that it counts what users consider as number of characters where everything is a single character. Once the submission hits Rails, however, all of the carriage returns have been converted to \r\n, now taking up 2 characters worth of space, which makes a close call fail Rails validations. Even if I were to handcode a different length validation in Rails, it would still fail when it hits the database I think, though I haven't confirmed this yet. What's the best way for me to make all this work the way the user would want? Best Solution: an approach that would enable me to meet user expectations, where each character of any type is only one character. If this means increasing the length of the varchar database field, a user should not be able to sneakily send a hand-crafted post that creates a row with more than 255 letters. Somewhat Acceptable Solution: a javascript change that enables the user to see the real character count, such that hitting return increments the counter 2 characters at a time, while properly handling all symbols that might have these strange behaviors.

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  • StrcutureMap Wiring - Sanity Check Please

    - by Steve Ward
    Hi - Im new to IOC and StructureMap and have an n-level application and am looking at how to setup the wirings (ForRequestedType ...) and just want to check with people with more experience that this is the best way of doing it! I dont want my UI application object to reference my persistence layer directly so am not able to wire everything up in this UI project. I now have it working by defining a Registry class in each project which wires up the types in the project as needed. The layer above registers its types and also calls the assembly below and looks for registries so that all types are registered throught the hierrachy. E.g. I have UI, Service, Domain, and Persistence libraries. In my service layer the registry looks like Scan(x => { x.Assembly("MyPersistenceProject"); x.LookForRegistries(); }); ForRequestedType<IService>().TheDefault.Is.OfConcreteType<MyService>(); Is this a recommended way of doing this in a setup such as this? Are there better ways and what are the advantages / disadvantages of these approaches in this case?

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  • Retain, reuse, release?

    - by Typeoneerror
    I've got a series of buttons that each use a different image. Can I reuse a retained variable like this below: // set images UIImage *image = [[dice1 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted] retain]; [dice1 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; image = [dice2 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice2 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; image = [dice3 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice3 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; image = [dice4 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice4 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; image = [dice5 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice5 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; image = [dice6 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice6 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; [image release]; or do I need to create a new UIImage for each image passed to each button's setBackgroundImage: like so: // set images UIImage *image1 = [dice1 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice1 setBackgroundImage:image1 forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; UIImage *image2 = [dice2 backgroundImageForState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; [dice2 setBackgroundImage:image forState:(UIControlStateHighlighted|UIControlStateSelected)]; and rely on autorelease rather than a retained UIImage. I'm not sure if assigning the image to a different UIImage would effect the retain count.

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  • How can I get the rank of rows relative to total number of rows based on a field?

    - by Arms
    I have a scores table that has two fields: user_id score I'm fetching specific rows that match a list of user_id's. How can I determine a rank for each row relative to the total number of rows, based on score? The rows in the result set are not necessarily sequential (the scores will vary widely from one row to the next). I'm not sure if this matters, but user_id is a unique field. Edit @Greelmo I'm already ordering the rows. If I fetch 15 rows, I don't want the rank to be 1-15. I need it to be the position of that row compared against the entire table by the score property. So if I have 200 rows, one row's rank may be 3 and another may be 179 (these are arbitrary #'s for example only). Edit 2 I'm having some luck with this query, but I actually want to avoid ties SELECT s.score , s.created_at , u.name , u.location , u.icon_id , u.photo , (SELECT COUNT(*) + 1 FROM scores WHERE score > s.score) AS rank FROM scores s LEFT JOIN users u ON u.uID = s.user_id ORDER BY s.score DESC , s.created_at DESC LIMIT 15 If two or more rows have the same score, I want the latest one (or earliest - I don't care) to be ranked higher. I tried modifying the subquery with AND id > s.id but that ended up giving me an unexpected result set and different ties.

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  • hiding buttons in master page

    - by pankaj
    Hi, I am working on an app where i am having some linkbuttons in master page. I want to display them depending upon the authorization given to them once they logs in. I have initially made all of them visible false and then i am checking the authorisation in the aspx.cs class of master page. I make the link button visible depending upon the right granted to the user. But it is making all the link buttons visible. Instead it should only make two of them visible and rest should be hidden. Following is my code from MasterPage.aspx.cs: ArrayList arrlstUserRoles = new ArrayList(); arrlstUserRoles = (ArrayList)Session["Roles"]; for (int j = 0; j < arrlstUserRoles.Count; j++) { if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 1) { lbtnRetailer.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 2) { lbtnCategory.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 3) { lbtnCouponTemplate.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 4) { //lbtnStoreManagement.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 5) { lbtnStoreManagement.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 6) { lbtnContentManagement.Visible = true; } else if (int.Parse(arrlstUserRoles[j].ToString()) == 7) { //lbtnStoreManagement.Visible = true; } }

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