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• How do I convert a video to GIF using ffmpeg, with reasonable quality?

  - by Kamil Hismatullin

  I'm converting .flv movie to .gif file with ffmpeg. ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif It works great, but output gif file has a very law quality. Any ideas how can I improve quality of converted gif? Output of command: $ ffmpeg -i input.flv -ss 00:00:00.000 -pix_fmt rgb24 -r 10 -s 320x240 -t 00:00:10.000 output.gif ffmpeg version 0.8.5-6:0.8.5-0ubuntu0.12.10.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jan 24 2013 14:52:53 with gcc 4.7.2 *** THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED *** This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead. Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.flv': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 Duration: 00:00:18.85, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3098 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1280x720, 2905 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 50 tbn, 50 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream #0.1(und): Audio: aac, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 192 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 [buffer @ 0x92a8ea0] w:1280 h:720 pixfmt:yuv420p [scale @ 0x9215100] w:1280 h:720 fmt:yuv420p -> w:320 h:240 fmt:rgb24 flags:0x4 Output #0, gif, to 'output.gif': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 0 compatible_brands: isommp42 creation_time : 2013-02-14 04:00:07 encoder : Lavf53.21.1 Stream #0.0(und): Video: rawvideo, rgb24, 320x240, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 90k tbn, 10 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 101 fps= 32 q=0.0 Lsize= 8686kB time=10.10 bitrate=7045.0kbits/s dup=0 drop=149 video:22725kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead -61.778676% Thanks.

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• Bypassing SQUID on freebsd with PF

  - by epema

  I have PF+SQUID31 on FREEBSD-9.0, and I want to have some hosts(aka goodguys) to bypass the proxy, so that torrents are not logged. Also, I am not sure about transparent. It means that I dont have to configure proxy settings on the client side right? I have tried doing a redirect no rdr on $int_if inet proto {tcp,udp} from 192.168.1.233/32 to any However, no luck :( Here is a quick look of my conf files: SQUID /usr/local/etc/squid/squid.conf http_port 192.168.1.1:8080 transparent RC /etc/rc.conf: gateway_enable="YES" pf_enable="YES" pf_rules="/usr/local/etc/pf.conf" pflog_enable="YES" squid_enable="YES" I have squid31 installed from ports with SQUID_PF "Enable transparent proxying with PF" on PF /usr/loca/etc/pf.conf: int_if="re0" ext_if="bge0" localnet="{ 192.168.1.0/24 }" table <goodguys> const { "192.168.1.219", "192.168.1.233" } set block-policy drop set skip on lo0 scrub in all fragment reassemble scrub out all random-id max-mss 1440 block in on $ext_if pass out on $ext_if keep state block in on $int_if pass in on $int_if inet proto tcp from $int_if:network to $int_if port 8080 keep state pass in on $int_if inet proto udp from $int_if:network to $int_if port 21 keep state pass in on $int_if inet proto udp from $int_if:network to $int_if port 22 keep state pass in on $int_if inet proto udp from $int_if:network to $int_if port 53 keep state pass in on $int_if inet proto tcp from $int_if:network to any port { smtp, pop3 } keep state pass in on $int_if inet proto icmp from $int_if:network to $int_if keep state pass out on $int_if keep state What lines should I add in conf files? I am assuming that the problem is on the firewall(pf).

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• Can enabling a RAID controller's writeback cache harm overall performance?

  - by Nathan O'Sullivan

  I have an 8 drive RAID 10 setup connected to an Adaptec 5805Z, running Centos 5.5 and deadline scheduler. A basic dd read test shows 400mb/sec, and a basic dd write test shows about the same. When I run the two simultaneously, I see the read speed drop to ~5mb/sec while the write speed stays at more or less the same 400mb/sec. The output of iostat -x as you would expect, shows that very few read transactions are being executed while the disk is bombarded with writes. If i turn the controller's writeback cache off, I dont see a 50:50 split but I do see a marked improvement, somewhere around 100mb/s reads and 300mb/s writes. I've also found if I lower the nr_requests setting on the drive's queue (somewhere around 8 seems optimal) I can end up with 150mb/sec reads and 150mb/sec writes; ie. a reduction in total throughput but certainly more suitable for my workload. Is this a real phenomenon? Or is my synthetic test too simplistic? The reason this could happen seems clear enough, when the scheduler switches from reads to writes, it can run heaps of write requests because they all just land in the controllers cache but must be carried out at some point. I would guess the actual disk writes are occuring when the scheduler starts trying to perform reads again, resulting in very few read requests being executed. This seems a reasonable explanation, but it also seems like a massive drawback to using writeback cache on an system with non-trivial write loads. I've been searching for discussions around this all afternoon and found nothing. What am I missing?

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• Window 7 Host does not answer to ping

  - by gencha

  Today I tried printing on a shared printer on one of our homegroup members. Sadly it did not work (printer marked as offline). Shortly after, I noticed I can't even ping the machine that owns the printer (I also can not remotely access it in any other way I've tried). Currently I'm trying to ping the machine from the router both computers are connected to (and my machine in question doesn't answer). I do receive the echo requests (as verified with WireShark). I also added a rule in the Windows Firewall to specifically allow ICMP echo requests, but that didn't change anything. I also tried netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8 enable, but that didn't change anything either. Completely disabling the Windows Firewall has no effect on the issue either. One has to wonder, where does Windows log when and why it ignored any incoming packets? How can I get to the bottom of this? Here are some ways I found to dig deeper into the issue: Enabling logging on the Windows Firewall Enabling Windows Filtering Platform Auditing Both methods at least give more insight into the issue. The plain log file is full of entries like this: 2011-11-11 14:35:27 DROP ICMP 192.168.133.1 192.168.133.128 - - 84 - - - - 8 0 - RECEIVE So the ICMP packets are being dropped as if that was intended. The Event Viewer now gives a little bit more details: The Windows Filtering Platform has blocked a packet. Application Information: Process ID: 4 Application Name: System Network Information: Direction: Inbound Source Address: 192.168.133.1 Source Port: 0 Destination Address: 192.168.133.128 Destination Port: 8 Protocol: 1 Filter Information: Filter Run-Time ID: 214517 Layer Name: Receive/Accept Layer Run-Time ID: 44 This same entry is always repeated with 2 points of information changing: Process ID: 420 Application Name: \device\harddiskvolume2\windows\system32\svchost.exe The service host with the PID 420 is the host for the following services: Windows Audio DHCP Client Windows Event Log HomeGroup Provider TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper Security Center Additionally, there is currently this problem with the same machine: Even though my network is set to be a "Home network", I am unable to create a new homegroup.

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• Determining the Source of a Given File System Mount on Unix [migrated]

  - by phobos51594

  Background Recently I have run into a bit of a snag on my home FreeBSD server. I recently upgraded it to the latest stable release, and I have noticed some strange behavior with the /var partition. Originally, I had the system configured such that /var had its own partition with /var/run and /var/log in memory disks (/tmp, too). After the upgrade, I notice there is a new, fourth memory disk mounting directly to /var that I had not set up manually and is not in my fstab. It is only 28 megs or so in size and is causing problems when trying to update my ports collection. The ramdisk mounts atuomagically at boot and cannot be unmounted while in multi-user mode. If I drop to single user mode, I am able to unmount it without issue, however rebooting causes it to pop right back up. System specifications have been included at the end of the post. Question Is there any way to determine exactly what is mounting a given memory disk (or any filesystem, for that matter) after it has been mounted? Alternately, does anybody have any ideas what might have caused the new /var ramdisk to pop up? System Specification # uname -a FreeBSD sarge 9.1-PRERELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-PRERELEASE #0: Thu Nov 22 14:02:13 PST 2012 donut@sarge:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 # df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1a 515612 410728 63636 87% / devfs 1 1 0 100% /dev /dev/da0s1d 515612 287616 186748 61% /var /dev/da0s1e 6667808 2292824 3841560 37% /usr /dev/md0 63004 32 57932 0% /tmp /dev/md1 3484 8 3200 0% /var/run /dev/md2 31260 8 28752 0% /var/log /dev/md3 31260 512 28248 2% /var <-- This # cat /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/da0s1a / ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da0s1d /var ufs rw,noatime 2 2 /dev/da0s1e /usr ufs rw,noatime 2 2 md /tmp mfs rw,-s64M,noatime 0 0 md /var/run mfs rw,-s4M,noatime 0 0 md /var/log mfs rw,-s32M,noatime 0 0 Thank you in advance for any assistance.

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• My client's solution of a Windows SBS 2011 VM on an Ubuntu host and VirtualBox is pinning the host CPU

  - by Scott Stamp

  Here's my situation, I've got a client hosting two servers (one VM), with the host providing VMware Zimbra, the other Windows Small Business Server 2011. Unfortunately, the person before me had configured this setup as follows. Host: Ubuntu Desktop Edition 10.04 (I know, again, not my choice) running VMware Zimbra 8GB of RAM On-board RAID1 of two 320GB Seagate Barracuda drives for the OS Software RAID5 of four 500GB WD Caviar Black drives on MDADM for bulk storage (sorry, I don't know the model #) A relatively competent quad-core Intel Core i7 CPU from the Nehalem architecture (not suspicious of this as the bottleneck) Guest: Windows Small Business Server 2011 4GB of RAM Host-equivalent CPU allocation VDI file for OS hosted on the on-board RAID, VDI file for storage hosted on the on-board RAID For some reason when running, the VM locks up when sitting nearly idle, and the VirtualBox process reports values of 240%+ in top (how is that even possible?!). Anyone have any ideas or suggestions? I'm totally stumped on this one. Happy to provide whatever logs you'd like to take a look at. Ideally I'd drop VirtualBox and provision this with VMware Workstation, but the client has objected to the (very nominal) costs involved. If hardware needs to be purchased to help, it will be, but we're considering upgrades a last-resort at this time. Thanks in advance! *fingers crossed*

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• ffmpeg - h264 to xvid creates large file

  - by fatnic

  I'm trying to use ffmpeg to convert a h264/aac video file to an xvid/mp3 file so I can play it in my ultra-cheap media player. At the moment the converted video file is TWICE the size of the original mp4. Is there any way to get a smaller file size without loosing too much quality? Even a drop to -qmin 1 is pretty awful! The command i'm using is ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libxvid -sameq -acodec libmp3lame -ab 128k -ac 2 output.avi And the ffmpeg output is Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.mp4' Metadata: major_brand : isom minor_version : 1 compatible_brands: isomavc1 Duration: 01:34:27.69, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1520 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264, yuv420p, 720x304 [PAR 1:1 DAR 45:19], 1387 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25k tbn, 50 tbc Stream #0.1(und): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Output #0, avi, to 'output.avi': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf52.64.2 Stream #0.0(und): Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 720x304 [PAR 1:1 DAR 45:19], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0.1(und): Audio: libmp3lame, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 128 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1

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• Updating Samba From RPMs

  - by KnickerKicker

  My Red Hat Enterprise Edition 4 comes with Samba Version 3.0.10, which does not have support for the "inherit owner" attribute that is essential in implementing a Deny-Delete Write Once Read Many share (for examples, search google for a-shared-drop-box-using-samba). (BTW, if any body knows an alternative way to do it without updating samba, I'm all ears!) I am not all that comfortable building from source, and after hours of googling (no, I do not have a red hat subscription, so I cannot just run the up2date command), I found a whole bunch of rpms on http://ftp.sernet.de/pub/samba/tested/rhel/4/i386/ (Samba 3.2.15 for RHEL 4)... Next, I tried updating them with the rpm -U --nodeps command, but I got file conflict errors. So I went ahead and overwrote everything (or so I thought) by using the rpm's --force option. But no good has come of all that. /usr/sbin/smbd -V still returns the old version. As of now, rpm -qa | grep samba returns, samba3-client-3.2.15-40.el4 samba-3.0.10-1.4E.2 samba-client-3.0.10-1.4E.2 system-config-samba-1.2.21-1 samba3-3.2.15-40.el4 samba-common-3.0.10-1.4E.2 samba3-winbind-3.2.15-40.el4 I cannot remove the older ones because samba-common >= 3.0.8-0.pre1.3 is needed by (installed) gnome-vfs2-smb-2.8.2-8.2.x86_64 libsmbclient.so.0()(64bit) is needed by (installed) kdebase-3.3.1-5.8.x86_64 libsmbclient.so.0()(64bit) is needed by (installed) gnome-vfs2-smb-2.8.2-8.2.x86_64 Now thats a whole bunch of dependencies that I dare not touch :) Any and all pointer are welcome at this stage. Thanks in advance!

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• Is this way of using Excel 2007 Pivot table for BI scalable ?

  - by Sim

  Hi all, Background: We need to consolidate sales data across the country to do analysis Our Internet connection/IT expertise/IT investment is not quite strong, therefore full BI solution is out of question I tried several SaaS BI solution (GoodData, ZohoReports) and while they're good, they seem not to fully support what we need We're looking at 'bout 2 millions record for every 2 months My current approach Our (10) sites currently gathers data from all their branches and consolidate them into 1 Excel file with Pivot table and embed source data In HQ, I will request 10 sites to send back those Excel files periodically We will import those Excel to our MSSQL server There will be a master Excel file, that will also have the same pivot table (as those came from site Excel file), and datasource is the MSSQL server More details For testing, I currently use MSSQL 2008 Express on my laptop So far, I imported our transactions for the past 2 months and there are 2 millions+ row in 1 table in MSSQL (we just use 1 table, corresponding to our common pivot table structure). DB size is ~ 600 MB In the master Excel file, if not including the source data, it's just < 10MB. Including the source data will increase the size to 60 MB (so I supposed Office 2007 automatically zip the data ?) I try using the Pivot (drag-and-drop fields) and the performance so far is OK (my laptop specs: C2D T7200, 3GB RAM, Windows XP) So my question is : If we're looking at full year transaction (roughly 15 millions rows in MSSQL 2008 Express, 3.6 GB in size), is there any issue with that 15 million rows in 1 table in SQL Express ? Is there any performance issue with the pivot table at that time ? Can it still embed the source data ? (I google-ed but didn't find the maximum size of source data Excel 2007 can embed) Any other suggestions on how we can better do this ? Given that we can't afford the full BI solution, any light-weight/budget/SaaS BI that you can recommend ? Thanks

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• Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard issues powering on and saving settings

  - by Scott

  Edit: New Information Have some updated information from the old question below: So basically my issue right now is somewhat similar, but I've been able to rule out a couple of things. I don't think this has anything to do with light on the motherboard. No matter what lights are on/off on the motherboard when the computer is off, they don't affect this issue. The main power LED on the Mobo is always lit when the power supply is turned on, and that's what matters anyway. Even when the main power LED is on, the PC will NOT boot up the first time I hit the power switch. I have to go reset the power supply (make all lights turn off on the Mobo and back on), and THEN hit the power switch. Then everything boots up. Also, the BIOS settings are reset every time this happens. Asus Tech Support told me to try jumping the power with something metal to try and rule out that it's a problem with the connectors getting power, or if it's a problem with the case power switch pins - haven't done that yet though. Any ideas? This is a lot simpler than it was before when I thought it had to do with certain LED indicators for RAM, EPU, etc. Original Question So I built my new desktop just about 3 weeks ago. I've been having a few issues which I think are all related to my motherboard, an Asus P8P67 Revision 3.1, but I'm not 100% sure as this is really the first from-scratch build I've ever done. I've posted these questions on the Asus forums, Asus Tech Support, and the Corsair forums as well as I thought it might have something to do with my power supply at one point. None of these avenues have solved my issue until now completely, so I thought I'd come here to see what you guys think. Here's what's happening: My computer is off, and I go to power it on. I press the power switch on the case (Antec Nine Hundred), and nothing seems to happen. Upon further inspection, I see that what this actually does is simply turn on the EPU LED on my motherboard, but doesn't actually boot anything up. I then have to go and flip the main power switch on the power supply off and back on. What this does is turn off all lights on the Motherboard after a few seconds, and turn them all back on (including the EPU LED that was off before I hit the power switch the first time). Now, hitting the power switch works. The machine boots up fine, and starts going through the boot up process. As a side note: My Motherboard is set to "Force BIOS", and every single time I change this to do the opposite, the next time my computer boots up that change reverts itself. I think this may be due to the fact that I am doing the hard reset on the power supply each time, but I'm not sure. I had thought that the Motherboard would keep its BIOS settings unless you did something to the Mobo itself - so this may be a related issue, or something else completely. That's basically it. Once it's on, it's on. It works fine, recognizes all of my hardware, and runs great. All fans/lights in the case work great, and I'm getting standard readings. The next time I go to shut the computer down however, I can expect the same exact process getting it up and running, including being forced to go into BIOS and exit again before I can load Windows. Another side note: If I power on my computer using the power switch DIRECTLY after shutting it down, it powers right back on (I think this is because the EPU LED light doesn't have time to turn off). It looks as if as long as the EPU LED is lit up on the motherboard before I hit the power switch on the case, the thing will boot up fine (although this doesn't explain the "Force BIOS" issue, at least it's something). Any ideas? Thanks guys. P.S. - System Specs Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard Intel Core i7 2600K Processor 16GB (4x4GB) G-Skill 1600 RAM NVIDIA EVGA GTX 570 Video Card Crucial 128GB SSD HD Corsair 850W Power Supply Seagate 2TB HDD

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• My computer freezes irregurarly

  - by Manhim

  My computer started to freeze at irregular times for 3 weeks now. What happens My computer freezes, the video stops. (No graphic glitches, it just stops) Sound keeps playing up to some time (Usually 10-30 seconds) then stops playing. Sometimes, randomly, the screen on my G-15 keyboard flickers and I see caracters not at the right places. Usually happens for about 1-2 seconds and a bit before my computer freezes. I have to keep the power button pressed for 4 seconds to shut my computer down. I still hear my hard drives and fans working. Sometimes it works with no problems for a full day, some other times it just keeps freezing each time I restart my computer and I have to leave it for the rest of the day. Sometimes my mouse freezes for a fraction of a second (Like 0.01 to 0.2 seconds) quite randomly, usually before it freezes. No errors spotted by the "Action center" unlike when I had problems with my last video card on this system (Driver errors). My G-15 LCD screen also freezes. What I did so far I have had similar problems in the past and I had changed my hard drive (It was faulty), so I tested my software RAID-0 array and it was faulty so I changed it. (I reinstalled Windows 7 with this part). I also tested with unplugging my secondary hard drive. My CPU was running at about 100 degree Celsius, I removed the dust between the fans and the heatsink and it's now between 50-60. I ran a CPU stress-test and it didn't freeze during the tests (using Prime95 on all cores) Ran a memory test (using memtest86+) for a single pass and there were no errors. Ran a GPU stress test with ati-tools and furmark and it didn't freeze during the tests. (No artefacts either) I had troubles with my graphic card when I got it, but I think that it got fixed with a driver update. I checked the voltages in my BIOS setup and they all seemed ok (±0.2 I think). I have ran on the computer without problems with Fedora 15 on an external hard drive (Appart that it couldn't load Gnome 3 and was reverting to Gnome 2, didn't want to install drivers since I use it on multiple computers) I used it to backup my files from the raid array to my 1TB hard drive for the reinstallation of Windows. (So the crashes only happenned on Windows) [The external hard drive is plugged directly on a SATA port] I contacted EVGA (My graphic card vendor) and pointed them on this question, I'm looking for an answer. Ran sensors on Fedora 15 and got this output: http://pastebin.com/0BHJnAvu When it happens When I play video games (Mostly) When I play flash games (Second most) When I'm looking at my desktop background (It rarely happens when I have a window open, but it does, sometimes) Specs Windows Seven x64 Home Premium Motherboard: M2N-SLI Deluxe CPU: AMD Phenom 9950 x2 @ 2.6GHz Memory: Kingston 4x2GB Dual Channel (Pretty basic memory sticks) Hard drives: Was 2x250GB (Western digital caviar) in raid-0 + 1TB (WD caviar black), I replaced the raid array with a 750GB (WD caviar black) [Yes I removed the array from the raid configurations] 750W Power supply No overcloking. Ever. There have been some power-downs like 4-5 weeks ago, but the problem didn't start immediately after. (I wasn't home, so my computer got shut-down) My current to-try list Change the thermal paste on my CPU. Change my graphic card with a temporary one and stress the computer. Change my power supply. In this situation, how can I successfully pin-point the current hardware problem? (If it's a hardware problem) Because I don't really have the budget to just forget and replace everything. I also don't really have hardware to test-replace current hardware.

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• Correct MySQL username/password, but getting Access Denied error when run from script

  - by Nick

  I'm currently trying to run the following command from within a shell script. /usr/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword -h localhost database It works perfectly fine when executed manually, and not from within a script. When I try to execute a script that contains that command, I get the following error: ERROR 1045 (28000) at line 3: Access denied for user 'username'@'localhost' (using password: YES) I literally copied and pasted the working command into the script. Why the error? As a sidenote: the ultimate intent is to run the script with cron. EDIT: Here is a stripped down version of my script that I'm trying to run. You can ignore most of it up until the point where it connects to MySQL around line 19. #!/bin/sh #Run download script to download product data cd /home/dir/Scripts/Linux /bin/sh script1.sh #Run import script to import product data to MySQL cd /home/dir/Mysql /bin/sh script2.sh #Download inventory stats spreadsheet and rename it cd /home/dir /usr/bin/wget http://www.url.com/file1.txt mv file1.txt sheet1.csv #Remove existing export spreadsheet rm /tmp/sheet2.csv #Run MySQL queries in "here document" format /usr/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword -h localhost database << EOF --Drop old inventory stats table truncate table table_name1; --Load new inventory stats into table Load data local infile '/home/dir/sheet1.csv' into table table_name1 fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n'; --MySQL queries to combine product data and inventory stats here --Export combined data in spreadsheet format group by p.value into outfile '/tmp/sheet2.csv' fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\r\n'; EOF EDIT 2: After some more testing, the issue is with the << EOF that is at the end of the command. This is there for the "here document". When removed, the command works fine. The problem is that I need << EOF there so that the MySQL queries will run.

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• Preventing DDOS/SYN attacks (as far as possible)

  - by Godius

  Recently my CENTOS machine has been under many attacks. I run MRTG and the TCP connections graph shoots up like crazy when an attack is going on. It results in the machine becoming inaccessible. My MRTG graph: mrtg graph This is my current /etc/sysctl.conf config # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux # # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and # sysctl.conf(5) for more details. # Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 # Controls source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Do not accept source routing net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 1 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Controls the use of TCP syncookies net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes kernel.msgmnb = 65536 # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue kernel.msgmax = 65536 # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1280 Futher more in my Iptables file (/etc/sysconfig/iptables ) I only have this setup # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Feb 14 07:07:31 2011 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [1139630:287215872] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1222418:555508541] Together with the settings above, there are about 800 IP's blocked via the iptables file by lines like: -A INPUT -s 82.77.119.47 -j DROP These have all been added by my hoster, when Ive emailed them in the past about attacks. Im no expert, but im not sure if this is ideal. My question is, what are some good things to add to the iptables file and possibly other files which would make it harder for the attackers to attack my machine without closing out any non-attacking users. Thanks in advance!

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• Intermittent Trouble Entering Hibernate on WinXP

  - by kquinn

  My personal desktop, running 32-bit Windows XP SP2 (with 4GB RAM, 2.75GB addressable, swap disabled, hiberfil.sys existing and contiguous on C:\; SP3 is not installed because SP2 has been working fine and I do not want to re-qualify with SP3 just for sheer perversity) typically gets hibernated at night. For a long time this worked great, but recently the machine has had trouble entering hibernation. Sometimes when I press my power button (configured to hibernate), the box will start the procedure for hibernating (i.e., go to the blue "Windows XP" background logo and display a message about entering hibernation), but before displaying the usual blue-on-black hibernation progress bar it will drop back to the desktop. No error messages appear, on screen or in the system log. The only record of unsuccessful hibernation attempts in the system log, which proudly proclaims that "The Windows Image Acquisition (WIA) service entered the running state." once per failed hibernation attempt. The problem is almost certainly resource related: if I then close one or more applications which are running, and repeat the exact same process, the machine will hibernate perfectly. There does not appear to be a reliable high-water mark for virtual or physical memory use, below which the machine is guaranteed to hibernate; it's different every time (though typically, below about 1.1–1.4 GB memory usage seems to be where hibernate succeeds most often). Memory may not even be the relevant resource; as far as I know, it could also be handles or sockets. This behavior is relatively recent: it has only started in the last few months; before then, I could hibernate reliably no matter what the current resource use of the system. This machine claims to have hotfix Q909095 installed, but since the symptoms of my problem match KB909095 rather well, I'm suspicious if this fix is actually working as intended. Any ideas on how to fix this or where to start debugging?

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• IPtables - Accept Arbitrary Packets

  - by Asad Moeen

  I've achieved a lot on blocking attacks on GameServers but I'm stuck on something. I've blocked major requests of game-server which it aceepts in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff" which can be followed by the actual queries like get status or get info to make something like "\xff\xff\xff\xff getstatus " but I see other queries if sent to the game-server will cause it to reply with a "disconnect" packet with the same rate as input so if the input rate is high then the high output of "disconnect" might give lag to the server. Hence I want to block all queries except the ones actual clients use which I suppose are in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff" or .... so, I tried using this rule : -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m u32 ! --u32 0x1c=0xffffffff -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m recent --set --name Total --rsource -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m recent --update --seconds 1 --hitcount 20 --name Total --rsource -j DROP Now where the rule does accept the clients but it only blocks requests in the form "\xff\xff\xff\xff getstatus " ( by which GameServer replies with status ) and not just "getstatus " ( by which GameServer replies with disconnect packet ). So I suppose the accept rule is accepting the simple "string" as well. I actually want it to also block the non-(\xff) queries. So how do I modify the rule?

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• Just a few questions about Hyper-V virtual machines and clustering

  - by René Kåbis

  I have been using Microsoft’s Hyper-V technology for a little while now, but I am just now dipping my toe into clustering. In particular, I am trying to implement a fault-tolerant SQL DB. This involves setting up two VMs, clustering them via Failover Cluster, and then installing SQL Server in some fashion. I have two physical machines - one high-end and rather beefy “heavy lifter” to contain the majority of the VMs, and another “backup” (a repurposed desktop) to hold the essential “secondary” (or failover) AD-DC, SQL and FS VMs. The main reason why I find the failover cluster at the VM level so attractive is that it presents a single IP and DNS entry to the network as a whole - if one machine (physical or virtual) goes down, you might loose some ping and the connections get reset, but the network applications (Microsoft RMS connection to backend SQL) can still connect to a viable DB without having to mess around with the settings at all. My first question is in terms of SQL Server itself. If I have a cluster between two VMs, does it make more sense to install the SQL Server in Failover Cluster configuration or should I simply install it in a stand-alone config and mirror the DBs? For example, this post suggests just mirroring the DBs, but do I just mirror standalone DBs on standalone VMs, or can I get the network and failover benefits of clustered VMs while still utilizing (on each clustered VM) standalone DBs that have been mirrored between each other? As well, I have come across a lot of documentation about SQL clustering, but most assume a number (#2) of physical machines to hold not only the actual SQL VMs but also the Quorum and Witness stores. I will not be able to muster more than two physical machines. As such, I will have to be satisfied with a VM cluster that does not exceed two VMs (one for each physical machine). Another issue involves MSDTC - the Distributed Transaction Coordinator. When attempting to install the SQL Failover Cluster (I never completed it for this reason) it threw a hissy fit because MSDTC had not been clustered. Search as I might, I have not yet found a way to do so under Windows Server 2012 R2. I have found plenty of docs for Windows 2008 and 2008 R2, but these instructions don’t align with 2012 R2 (at least, not in a way that allows me to successfully cluster MSDTC). Plus, some of the instructions that I have found for SQL Server Failover Cluster installation suggest that a third “network device” - shared network storage (a SAN) - is required for the DB itself (and other functionality). I do not have this, and won’t be getting this. Most of my storage exists on the “heavy lifter” that was designed for all of the “primary” VMs. If that physical machine goes down, so does the storage. The secondary server does have enough resources for an AD-DC Server, an SQL server and a File Server, so it will handle the “secondary” failover versions of those VMs (clustered or not). My final question involves file servers. If I cluster file servers between two VMs (one on my “heavy lifter” and another on my “backup”, how do I mirror the data between them? Clustering VMs only provides a single point of access on the network for a resource, it doesn’t exactly replicate data between the two - that is left to the services that serve up that data. I am unsure how I can ensure that file server data between two clustered file server VMs can be properly mirrored. Remember, I only have two devices to be used here - my primary machine and a backup secondary. There is no chance of me obtaining a SAN or any other type of network attached storage. What exists on the machines must act as the storage. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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• Server 2003 and XP Client; Why are HTTP connections being silently dropped.

  - by Asa Yeamans

  On my network, my edge-router, a windows 2003 r2 server router with all the latest updates, will drop packets, but only under specific circumstances. I have troubleshot and isolated it down to the most simple configuration i can. There is NO NAT involved. Only fully-public IP addresses. No Firewalls are running either, all ahve been disabled. no packet filters on any interfaces anywhere either. I have a single Windows XP virtual machine and my edge-router(the windows 2003 r2 server, and also a virtual machine) running on a windows 2008 x64 r2 system (running virtual server 2005 as i dont have Intel-VT compatible chip yet). The edge router can access any external http site just fine, no issues. However the windows XP machine is only able to access certain sites. These work: www.google.com www.txstate.edu www.workintexas.com www.thedailywtf.com . These Dont: www.yahoo.com www.utexas.edu en.wikipedia.org slashdot.org www.bing.com. I have removed all possibility of DNS issues by connecting with net-cat from the XP box and sending GET /\r\nHost: \r\n\r\n and that connection replicates the issue as well. The network setup: My statically assigned IP block: x.x.x.168/29 DSL Modem -----PPPoE Connection---- x.x.x.169[EdgeRouter] [EdgeRouter]x.x.x.170 -----Virtual Ethernet----- x.x.x.174 [Test2] Test2's Default gateway is x.x.x.170 and test2 can ping any and every valid, accessible, public IP address with no packet loss what-so-ever. If i connect directly over PPPoE from test2 (the XP box) everything works just fine... Im at my wits end, i have NO IDEA whats causing this.

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• Cisco Access switch is dropping large amount of end points

  - by user135458

  This afternoon, with no changes to the network, a switch suddenly started dropping off lots of connections. These connections would come back up a few minutes later, then another area connected to the switch would drop off. This is an older 4006 chassis switch which could in and of itself be a problem but I'm looking to see what else you all would look for in trying to find a root cause. Switch is connected via ports 1/1 and 1/2 in an etherchannel to a VSS core 1/1/42 and 2/1/42. Both sides are up and working however the CPU on the switch will spike up to 99% and that's when CRC errors start to hit the VSS core on one of those interfaces and end points start dropping off. We tried new transceivers and SFP's on each side of the link, same result. When we tried swapping the fiber patch cables on the access switch the CRC errors did not follow the fiber cables they stayed with port 1/2 on the access switch. So port 1/2 on the supervisor module looks like the culprit. We actually tried to create a new member of the ethernet channel by taking a fiber media converter to cat5 and make that a member of the port-channel but when we plugged it in you couldn't even reach the switch. I'm guessing that's unrelated and a problem with the media converter. As of right now we have left it in a state of only one fiber cable running to one side of the VSS core (1/1 Access Switch -- 2/1/42). I've sent some info into TAC and they are looking into the situation but does anyone else have any commands I could run or some troubleshooting I could look into in the meantime?

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• memory tuning with rails/unicorn running on ubuntu

  - by user970193

  I am running unicorn on Ubuntu 11, Rails 3.0, and Ruby 1.8.7. It is an 8 core ec2 box, and I am running 15 workers. CPU never seems to get pinned, and I seem to be handling requests pretty nicely. My question concerns memory usage, and what concerns I should have with what I am seeing. (if any) Here is the scenario: Under constant load (about 15 reqs/sec coming in from nginx), over the course of an hour, each server in the 3 server cluster loses about 100MB / hour. This is a linear slope for about 6 hours, then it appears to level out, but still maybe appear to lose about 10MB/hour. If I drop my page caches using the linux command echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, the available free memory shoots back up to what it was when I started the unicorns, and the memory loss pattern begins again over the hours. Before: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 5005376 2124868 0 113628 422856 -/+ buffers/cache: 4468892 2661352 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 After: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7130244 4467144 2663100 0 228 11172 -/+ buffers/cache: 4455744 2674500 Swap: 33554428 0 33554428 My Ruby code does use memoizations and I'm assuming Ruby/Rails/Unicorn is keeping its own caches... what I'm wondering is should I be worried about this behaviour? FWIW, my Unicorn config: worker_processes 15 listen "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn_socket", :backlog = 1024 listen 8080, :tcp_nopush = true timeout 180 pid "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" GC.respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly=) and GC.copy_on_write_friendly = true before_fork do |server, worker| STDERR.puts "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BEFORE FORK" print_gemfile_location defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.disconnect old_pid = "#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.oldbin" if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH # already killed end end File.open("#{CAPISTRANO_ROOT}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid.ok", "w"){|f| f.print($$.to_s)} end after_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection defined?(Resque) and Resque.redis.client.connect end Is there a need to experiment enforcing more stringent garbage collection using OobGC (http://unicorn.bogomips.org/Unicorn/OobGC.html)? Or is this just normal behaviour, and when/as the system needs more memory, it will empty the caches by itself, without me manually running that cache command? Basically, is this normal, expected behaviour? tia

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• Is having a [high-end] video card important on a server?

  - by Patrick

  My application is quite interactive application with lots of colors and drag-and-drop functionality, but no fancy 3D-stuff or animations or video, so I only used plain GDI (no GDI Plus, No DirectX). In the past my applications ran in desktops or laptops, and I suggested my customers to invest in a decent video card, with: a minimum resolution of 1280x1024 a minimum color depth of 24 pixels X Megabytes of memory on the video card Now my users are switching more and more to terminal servers, therefore my question: What is the importance of a video card on a terminal server? Is a video card needed anyway on the terminal server? If it is, is the resolution of the remote desktop client limited to the resolutions supported by the video card on the server? Can the choice of a video card in the server influence the performance of the applications running on the terminal server (but shown on a desktop PC)? If I start to make use of graphical libraries (like Qt) or things like DirectX, will this then have an influence on the choice of video card on the terminal server? Are calculations in that case 'offloaded' to the video card? Even on the terminal server? Thanks.

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• PowerConnect 3548p SNTP and web interface not working

  - by Force Flow

  I have been unable to get SNTP and access to the web interface working properly on a Dell PowerConnect 3548p. In the logs, this message appears over and over again: 04-Jan-2000 20:19:29 :%MNGINF-W-ACL: Management ACL drop packet received on interface Vlan 172 from 172.17.0.3 to 172.18.0.10 protocol 17 service Snmp 172 is the management vlan. 172.17.0.3 is the DNS server 172.18.0.10 is the switch's IP address. The DNS server and the switch are located on different subnets and separated by routers. I am unable to access the web interface of the switch from the 172.17.x.x subnet. I can only access the web interface of the switch if I am accessing it from the 172.18.x.x subnet. There is also a managed linksys switch on the 172.18.x.x subnet on the 172 vlan, which has no problem with SNTP. I can also access it from the 172.17.x.x network. So, it stands to reason that this is not a firewall or routing issue, but with the 3548p switch. I suspect the issue is with management permissions/ACLs on the 3348p switch, but that's about as much as I've been able to determine so far. Any ideas?

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• IP tables blocking access to most hosts but some accesses being logged

  - by epo

  What am I getting wrong? A while back I locked down my web hosting service while hardening it or at least trying to. Apache listens on port 80 only and I set up iptables using the following: IPS="list of IPs" iptables --new-chain webtest # Accept all established connections iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 --jump webtest iptables -A INPUT --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT iptables -A webtest --match state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED --jump ACCEPT for ip in $IPS; do iptables -A webtest --match state --state NEW --source $ip --jump ACCEPT done iptables -A webtest --jump DROP However looking at my apache logs I notice various log entries in access_log, e.g. 221.192.199.35 - - [16/May/2010:13:04:31 +0100] "GET http://www.wantsfly.com/prx2.php?hash=926DE27C156B40E55E4CFC8F005053E2D81E6D688AF0 HTTP/1.0" 404 206 "-" "Mozilla/ 4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)" 201.228.144.124 - - [16/May/2010:11:54:16 +0100] "GET /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) HTTP/1.1" 400 226 "-" "-" 207.46.195.224 - - [16/May/2010:04:06:48 +0100] "GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 311 "-" "msnbot/2.0b (+http://search.msn.com/msnbot.htm)" How are these slipping through? I don't mind the indexing bots (though I am a little surprised to see them get through). I suppose they must be getting through using the ESTABLISHED,RELATED rules. And no, I can't for the life of me remember why the first match state rule is there So 2 questions: is there a better way to set up iptables to restrict access to specified hosts? How exactly are these 3 examples slipping through?

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• XCOPY access denied error on My Documents folder

  - by Ryan M.

  Here's the situation. We have a file server set up at \fileserver\ that has a folder for every user at \fileserver\users\first.last I'm running an xcopy command to backup the My Documents folder from their computer to their personal folder. The command I'm running is: xcopy "C:\Users\%username%\My Documents\*" "\\fileserver\users\%username%\My Documents" /D /E /O /Y /I I've been silently running this script at login without the users knowing, just so I can get it to work before telling them what it does. After I discovered it wasn't working, I manually ran the batch script that executes the xcopy command on one of their computers and get an access denied error. I then logged into a test account on my own computer and got the same error. I checked all the permissions for the share and security and they're set to how I want them. I can manually browse to that folder and create new files. I can drag and drop items into the \fileserver\users\first.last location and it works great. So I try something else to try and find the source of the access denied problem. I ran an xcopy command to copy the My Documents folder to a different location on the same machine and I still got the access denied error! So xcopy seems to be denied access when it tries to copy the My Documents folder. Any suggestions on how I can get this working? Anyone know the reason behind the access denied error?

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• MacBook Air Keeps dropping Wi-Fi

  - by Robert Patrick

  So my MacBook Air keeps dropping Wi-Fi for some reason. It happens ONLY on my home network, and ONLY to my computer. I'm using a Linksys WRT54G router. I'm the only Mac on the network. Every other Wi-Fi network is perfectly fine, and every other computer on this network is fine. Many things can happen. It could say it's connected, but not be able to access the internet (whether it tells me that there's no internet access or not). It may just drop Wi-Fi altogether, and refuse to connect. Generally, if I unplug the router and plug it back in, it's all good. It also works if I restart my computer. This happens multiple times a day. Yesterday I did everything I know to get it to connect (restart router many times, restart my MacBook), and nothing worked. Eventually it just magically worked. How can I stop this from happening? We got a notice from Comcast a while ago saying that a bot called DNS Changer was detected on one or more machines on the network. I'm assuming that this can't be me, right?

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• Sendmail doesn't work with iptables, even though smtp and dns are allowed

  - by tom

  I have sendmail installed on Ubuntu 10.04 solely for the use of the php mail() function. This works fine unless iptables is running (I've been using sendmail [email protected] to test this). I think that I have allowed SMTP and DNS (the script I am using to test iptables rules is below, in my version are the actual IPs of my hosts nameservers), but to no avail! iptables --flush iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Postgres iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j ACCEPT # Webmin iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT # Ping iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # sendmail iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # DNS iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j DROP # Add loopback iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT

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