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• How can I switch Linux running OS from disk to running from RAM without restarting?

  - by vfclists

  Is it possible to switch to running Linux from RAM or RAM disk after starting starting initially from disk? eg. You need to make an image of your hard disk, FTP it to a remote location, some time later you want the image back, so you start the system from disk as usual, restore the image you FTP'd from the remote location back into place. More like a CloneZilla backup and restore, without booting the server from CD or USB disk, but starting from the normal hard disk? Notes on environment I should have mentioned it earlier. It is a remotely hosted VM where I cannot boot into a recovery console mode or do a netinstall. It will always boot onto the same disk. Which means that if there is some serious corruption I can't repair it offline, which is why being able to ftp a previously saved backup into place is so important

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• How to organize my site's file system properly?

  - by Wolfpack'08

  Doing some reading on Stack Overflow, I've found a lot of information suggesting that proper organization of a file system is crucial to a well-written web app. One of the key pieces of evidence is high-frequency references to "separation of concerns" in questions related to keeping programs organized. Now, I've found some information on organizing file systems (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) from 2004. It raises only two concerns: first, the standard's a bit dated, so I believe it may be possible to do better given the changes in technology over the past 8 years; second, and most important, my application is very small compared to an entire Linux distro. I think that the file system should be organized very differently because of that. Here's what I'm looking at, currently: /scripts, /databases, /www -> /dev, /production -> login, router, admin pages, /sites -> content types, static pages /modules, /includes, /css, /media -> /module-specific-media

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• Unable to boot 12.04 server: no LVM activated and impossible to mount /

  - by baronKarza

  I'm stuck in the Busy Box shell after upgrading from Ubuntu server 11.10 to Ubuntu server 12.04 64 bit. During the booting phase the system hangs while mounting root filesystem. My system is so configured: /dev/sda1 -- /boot /dev/mapper/vg-lv_root /dev/mapper/vg-lv_var /dev/mapper/vg-lv_tmp When the boot process fails and I'm forwarded to the busybox shell, if I type vgchange -ay I can mount my volumes and all it's OK. But it does not enable LVM automatically so that it is impossible to mount root, var, and tmp. I tried to start with a Knoppix, chroot, reinstall (aptitude) both kernel and lvm2 as suggested by this tread "Fixing unbootable installation on LVM root from Desktop LiveCD": nothing changed. I can't figure out what is the problem. Any suggestion is welcome. Thanks in advance.

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• Can Ubuntu be installed in a subdirectory of another Linux variant?

  - by Reid

  I have access to (but not root on) a compute server which is running a Linux distribution that is a few years old. I'd much prefer to use a current Debian-like flavor. Thus, I'm wondering if it is possible to install Ubuntu (or stock Debian) in one of my directories, and use the Ubuntu programs and libraries in preference to what comes with the server. I would need to access arbitrary parts of the server's filesystem, not just the parts under the Ubuntu install. I log in by SSH, so there's no desktop environment needed. But, I would like to be able to use X programs.

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• VirtualBox 4.0.10 is now available for download

  - by user12611829

  VirtualBox 4.0.10 has been released and is now available for download. You can get binaries for Windows, OS X (Intel Mac), Linux and Solaris hosts at http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads The full changelog can be found here. The high points for the 4.0.10 maintenance release include .... GUI: fixed disappearing settings widgets on KDE hosts (bug #6809) Storage: fixed hang under rare circumstances with flat VMDK images Storage: a saved VM could not be restored under certain circumstances after the host kernel was updated Storage: refuse to create a medium with an invalid variant Snapshots: none of the hard disk attachments must be attached to another VM in normal mode when creating a snapshot USB: fixed occasional VM hangs with SMP guests USB: proper device detection on RHEL/OEL/CentOS 5 guests ACPI: force the ACPI timer to return monotonic values for improve behavior with SMP Linux guests RDP: fixed screen corruption under rare circumstances rdesktop-vrdp: updated to version 1.7.0 OVF: under rare circumstances some data at the end of a VMDK file was not written during export Mac OS X hosts: Lion fixes Mac OS X hosts: GNOME 3 fix Linux hosts: fixed VT-x detection on Linux 3.0 hosts Linux hosts: fixed Python 2.7 bindings in the universal Linux binaries Windows hosts: fixed leak of thread and process handles Windows Additions: fixed bug when determining the extended version of the Guest Additions Solaris Additions: fixed installation to 64-bit Solaris 10u9 guests Linux Additions: RHEL6.1/OL6.1 compile fix Linux Additions: fixed a memory leak during VBoxManage guestcontrol execute Technocrati Tags: Sun Virtualization VirtualBox var sc_project=1193495; var sc_invisible=1; var sc_security="a46f6831";

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• replacing kernel on non-booting ec2 instance

  - by TheToolBox

  So I had an amazon ec2 instance crash during the update to 14.04LTS. Frustratingly, it appears the kernel might be bad (or at least that's what the log below says to me, I could totally be wrong). I'm able to mount the volume to another, working server, chroot the broken volume, and sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-3.MOSTRECENT. Unfortunately though, when I try sudo update-grub, it comes back with /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?). What am I missing? Here's the log from the server's attempted bootup: [H[J Booting 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, memtest86+' root (hd0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, using whole disk kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin ============= Init TPM Front ================ Tpmfront:Error Unable to read device/vtpm/0/backend-id during tpmfront initialization! error = ENOENT Tpmfront:Info Shutting down tpmfront xc: error: panic: xc_dom_core.c:621: xc_dom_find_loader: no loader found: Invalid kernel xc_dom_parse_image returned -1 close(3) Error 9: Unknown boot failure Press any key to continue... Thanks in advance!

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• Mount file system path as encrypted?

  - by Sebi

  I know how to mount an encrypted ext4 partition. However, now I want to do the opposite. I want to mount a folder of an existing partition somewhere else in my filesystem, but when accessing it, files should get encrypted using AES256. Is that possible? Here an example: I have a folder containing some images 1.jpg, 2.jpg, 3.jpg, etc. I want to mount this folder in another location so that the content of the images are encrypted. Filenames shouldn't change. Background: I want to synchronise my image folder to a cloud storage, but I want to encrypt the files before upload. The tools provided by the cloud provider don't support client side encryption. Therefore, I want to use the tools on a folder only containing encrypted data.

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• When is using stdio preferable to fstream?

  - by Karl Bielefeldt

  I work on a well-established, embedded C++ code base. We have been using a proprietary API to our filesystem. For better integration with third-party C libraries, we are currently in the process of implementing most of stdio.h and fcntl.h. I made what I thought was a non-controversial proposal that we should also implement the fstream class and encourage new C++ code to use it instead of the new (to our code base) C-style API. We already have the stdout parts of iostream available, although it is not widely used. Given a choice between using stdio and fstream, what are good reasons to choose stdio for embedded software development in C++?

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• ec2 instance won't boot!

  - by TheToolBox

  So I had a server lose connection while updating to 14.04LTS. Foolishly, it ended up getting rebooted, and now I'm here. I disconnected the volume and mounted it on another system, chrooted it, and updated the kernel. Still no dice. Any idea what the problem could be? Thanks in advance! The instance log is below: ******************* BLKFRONT for device/vbd/2049 ********** backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049 Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049/feature-barrier. Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/3005/2049/feature-flush-cache. 16777216 sectors of 512 bytes ************************** [H[J Booting 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, memtest86+' root (hd0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, using whole disk kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin ============= Init TPM Front ================ Tpmfront:Error Unable to read device/vtpm/0/backend-id during tpmfront initialization! error = ENOENT Tpmfront:Info Shutting down tpmfront xc: error: panic: xc_dom_core.c:621: xc_dom_find_loader: no loader found: Invalid kernel xc_dom_parse_image returned -1 close(3) Error 9: Unknown boot failure Press any key to continue...

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• How to safely back up the "Private" folder?

  - by ImaginaryRobots

  I have an ecryptfs "Private" folder in my home directory, and it is set up to automatically mount whenever I log in. I want to set up automatic backups to a network drive, but I don't want the contents of Private to be readable on the remote server. My understanding is that the Ubuntu "Backup" utility would run while I'm logged in, so it would see the folder contents without encryption. I'm backing up from a laptop, so it is essentially only on when I am logged in. I know that the Private folder is essentially a mounted filesystem, so it seems like I should be able to backup the encrypted image rather than the cleartext contents. What steps are needed to safely back it up, while maintaining the encryption? Note that I'm already familiar with the backup tools available, this question is about dealing with the ecryptfs folder safely.

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• Learn More About the PO Approvals Analyzer

  - by LuciaC

  You may think that the PO Approvals Analyzer for Release 12 is only for diagnosing problems when you have a single Purchase Order or Requisition stuck in process, but it offers valuable information to keep your Procurement environment healthy.  Consider this:     The analyzer will list all Procurement critical patches that have not been applied.     It will provide Procurement invalid objects with error messages and provides solutions.     Validations of setup and database conditions for example max extents and space issues. Also the analyzer can be run on all Purchasing documents starting from a date you enter.  This multiple document check provides validations on:     Data corruption issues.     Workflow errors with generic messages i.e. document manager errors.     Documents with workflows in error that cannot be progressed via the application. And, unlike other diagnostics, the analyzer provides known solutions to the problems indicated! So access the Analyzer today and run it on your instance!  Access it now via Doc ID 1525670.1.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 PXELINUX does not boot RHEL Kernel and Initrd

  - by utpal

  I have successfully setup PXE server on Ubuntu 12.04 with DNSMASQ for DHCP Proxy Service, TFTPD-HPA for TFTP service, NFS-KERNEL-SERVER, APACHE2 and SYSLINUX for pxelinux.0 bootloaded needed for pxe boot using the following POST: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1606910 I was successfully able to pxe boot a client to a Ubuntu 12.04 LIVE CD. Next, I want to PXE boot a client to a RHEL 6.5 x64 Kernel and initrd image. I dont want to install, just boot a client so that it mounts initrd and I can get a minimal filesystem on the client. How can I do that? Please Help!!

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• cat contents of one file into another file

  - by Attila O.

  I have a large (binary) file that has some corruption near the beginning. Then, I have a second, smaller file that I obtain by starting to download the same file again, but interrupt after I have enough bytes to fix the original one. My question is, how do I simply overwrite the beginning of the large file with the contents of the second, smaller file? I could use cat, tail and head, but that would create a copy of the file. There must be a more efficient way. Oh yes, and I'm looking for a linux command-line solution, if that wasn't obvious. I'm using bash, but I have other shells if that helps.

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• Installing ubuntu 12.04 on macbook pro9,2

  - by stariz77

  I seem to have tried all the various suggested methods for installing ubuntu on a mbp, but can't seem to get anything that works and was wondering if anyone has run into any new problems with the latest non-retina models? I have a core i7 in my macbook, and model identifier is MacBookPro9,2. I have partitioned my HD using disk utility and have 700gig free space ready for the install (I haven't removed OSX Lion, it is still there in a 50gig partition). Problem: I am just getting a blank screen with a blinking cursor (unresponsive) in the top left whenever I boot from the disk. I left it for 20 minutes and nothing ever happened. This was without any boot manager, just holding "c" on startup. Attempted remedies: I have downloaded the 64 ubuntu iso from their site 3 times now and burned 4 separate discs to rule out some kind of corruption or burn error. I burned one in OSX Lion 10.7.4 and 3 on my windows 7 pc. I tried holding "alt" instead and then navigating to the windows disc to boot. Same thing happens, blank blinking unresponsive cursor. I also tried going to the EFI disc which actually brings up a menu (after saying "error prefix is not set") asking if I want to install ubuntu, test for errors or partition. All three options lead me to an unresponsive blank screen (some without cursors). I downloaded and installed rEFIt and if I hold "alt" on startup a linux penguin (Boot Linux from CD) appears in my boot options, along with the apple boot, and two others that I'm not sure of: "Boot EFI\boto\bootx64.efi from" and "Boot Legacy OS from". The "Boot Linux from CD" just takes me to the blank blinking cursor screen; again, I left if for 10+ minutes and nothing. I heard that the detection of the graphics card might be a problem and that I need change to nomodeset, but I have tried pressing F6 in all of the boot menus listed above and no options appear. Does anyone have any other suggested routes or can you see what I might have done wrong?

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• Installing multiple ubuntu partitions on same machine without corrupting GRUB

  - by LGB

  I had only ubuntu installed on my pc, but I felt like adding another ubuntu (same version) partition so I could have one just for work/study and another one just for personal generic use. I installed it and it worked out okay, but I found I needed more space on the new created Ubuntu partition, so I booted up from the Live CD, and used GParted to move/shrink/grow the partitions as the Ubuntu's tutorials suggested it was pretty straightforward. But in doing all this I messed up with Grub, so when I start my system it shows: error: unknow filesystem grub rescue What would be the easiest way to recover it so I could have both partitions working? Btw, it wouldn't be a problem for me to lose the partitions if it's the shortest/easiest way. Thanks in advance.

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• Problem installing a w2k DC on Hyper-V?

  - by Tony

  Hi, We have a cluster with four node windows 2008 r2 and hyper-v installed. We would like to install 2 VM with role domain controller w2k (the domain is different from the domain of the hyper-v cluster). Do you know if there are any restriction on doing it? Some collegues say that we risk data corruption if we do live migrations. Others speak about the fact that Microsoft don't support w2k any more. And others have doubts because the global catalog server installed on these DC could have loss of performance. Any idea? Thanks Tony

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• /dev/sda1 100% Mysql to blame?

  - by SJP

  I have a an API running that receives raw binaries, processes them, and then stores metadata about the bins in a mysql database. I have been running it for a couple days on a VM. Today the API stopped processing the mySQL commands. After using the command df-h the results were: root@mwdb1:/# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 104G 99G 0 100% / udev 16G 4.0K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 6.3G 364K 6.3G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 16G 0 16G 0% /run/shm /dev/sdb1 5.5T 42G 5.2T 1% /data sda1 is at 100%

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• Computer won't wake from hibernate

  - by Icoo

  So I have a pretty dumb problem...I accidentaly pressed Hibernate while trying to Restart...since then my computer wont boot into Ubuntu anymore (through normal mode or single user mode - rescue mode that is)...all I get is: mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys/ on root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or dirctory Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= boot arg. BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) Obviously I tried to fire up the Live CD and run fsck (or e2fsck) from there (or just try to do a Check of /dev/sdb1 my partition via gparted - which is basically the same thing). But it doesn't allow me...both gparted and fsck say that the device is busy (I can't even mount it in the LiveCD to rescue data)...umount /dev/sdb1 says its not mounted...any ideas?

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• Ubuntu 14.04 doesn' t boot after upgrade from 12.04 installed inside Windows 8.1

  - by AdiC

  I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed like an app on windows 8.1 (Ubuntu 12.04 allow to be installed like an app in Windows 8.1 and it can be removed when you don't need it any more from Control Panel). Usually, to chose what os to boot when you start the laptop, you can choose between windows 8.1 and Ubuntu after windows logo appeared at start up and that was ok until I made this upgrade. Now when I try to choose Ubuntu the laptop try to boot it but, after that full colored screen is showed the screen go black and this messages appear: mount: mounting /dev/loop0/ on /root failed : Invalid argument mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target filesystem doesn' t have requested /sbin/init No init found. Try passing init = bootarg. BusyBox v1.21.1 (Ubuntu 1:1:21.0-1ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands (initramfs) _ I don' t know what to do after this screen appears. Please help !

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• Not enough components to start the RAID array?

  - by urig

  I'm trying to retrieve data from a "Western Digital MyBook World Edition (white light)" NAS device. This is basically an embedded Linux box with a 1TB HDD in it formatted in ext3. It stopped booting one day for no apparent reason. I have extracted the HDD from the NAS device and installed it in a desktop machine running Ubuntu 10.10 in the hope of accessing the files on the drive. Unfortunately, Ubuntu has not been able to mount the drive automatically. Having started up Disk Utility I see the drive as a multi disk device called "Array (Array)" showing Metadata Version 0.90.0. The device state is: "Not Running, not enough components to start". When I click the "Start RAID Array" button I get an error saying: "Not enough components to start the RAID array". Can you please tell me which components are missing and how to install them to get access to the drive's filesystem?

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• Upload image file: is compression on client side already possible?

  - by Chris

  When offering photo file uploading, usually the user will have badly compressed and huge (10+ megapixels) JPEG files from their cameras or phones. On the server side, these files will get re-compressed to something like 800x600px and JPEG quality 7 or 8. Is it (already) possible to do that re-compression on the client side? So that I would only need to transmit some 100kB (800x600px) and not 3 MB or more. Something like: (1) With javascript's new FileSystem API ( http://slides.html5rocks.com/#filewriter ) it would be possible to read the photo file's data into client side JS. (2) Then it would be necessary to re-encode the JPEG data, which is possible, but I counld not find any library for that (yet). Anybody knows such a library? (3) Last step would be to POST the re-compressed JPEG data to the server side for storage and get a URL to the stored photo file back from the server for inclusion into the client's HTML. I am looking for some jQuery plugin, other JS library or example web page that does this.

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• Reliability of VMware ESXi for backup

  - by Laurent

  Currently, I'm using a server as an online backup and to run some VMs with VMware Server. I'm interested in converting it to VMware ESXi but have some concerns about the possible corruption of my VMDKs if I choose to store my data on them. I was also thinking of storing the data directly on the datastore but can't find any way to mount a VMFS volume with a LiveCD if ESXi is unable to start. What are my options? Is continuing to use VMware Server is a good idea, knowing that I DO want to use the server for both virtualization and backup purposes. Thanks.

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• Resize hard drive partition to make more space for /var

  - by user3357381

  I am running out of space in the /var partition. I have plenty of space in my /home partition. How do I shrink the /home partition to make more space for the /var partition? I have read some blogs that say to use the GParted Live CD. As a new user, I'm not quite sure if this is the ideal route. What is the best way to create more space for /var ? Output of df -h : Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 19G 7.1G 11G 41% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 7.9G 8.0K 7.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 1.5M 1.6G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 7.9G 624K 7.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 60K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda4 454M 75M 352M 18% /boot /dev/sda5 2.3G 2.1G 36M 99% /var /dev/sda3 178G 1.3G 168G 1% /home /dev/sda6 2.8G 5.8M 2.6G 1% /tmp /dev/sdb1 3.7T 401G 3.3T 11% /hdd

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• How to log Windows server share connections?

  - by sbussinger

  Can anyone make a suggestion for the best way to log connections and disconnections from Windows workstations to a Windows Server 2003 file share? We're having some issues with workstations that have a drive mapped to a server that seem to work fine for awhile and then suddenly appear to get disconnected from the server (with files open). Needless to say this causes some data corruption and error messages. It would help me to troubleshoot the problem if we could somehow monitor and log the session connections and disconnections, to attempt to correlate the connectivity issues with what actions the user is taking at the time and what the server is doing. I just haven't been able to find a way to do this. Specifically I'm talking about the same information that is displayed in the Computer Management control panel applet in the "System Tools|Shared Folders|Sessions" page. Thanks!

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• is there a GOTCHA - DBCC CHECKDB ('DBNAME', NOINDEX)?

  - by Deb Anderson

  I am turning on DBCC CHECKDB in our OLTP environment (SQL 2005,2008). System overhead is a very visible thing on our serversso I want them to be as efficient as it makes sense for them to be. HENCE - I want to turn on the NOINDEX option, an option I've never used before. My thoughts are these: if there is a problem with an index that is detected outside the integrity check, that I can just rebuild the index. Also the duration of the integrity checks will be drastically reduced, and the nastier corruption will be detected. What is the flaw in my plan? Thanks, Deb

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