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  • Code golf: combining multiple sorted lists into a single sorted list

    - by Alabaster Codify
    Implement an algorithm to merge an arbitrary number of sorted lists into one sorted list. The aim is to create the smallest working programme, in whatever language you like. For example: input: ((1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)) output: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) input: ((1, 10), (), (2, 5, 6, 7)) output: (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10) Note: solutions which concatenate the input lists then use a language-provided sort function are not in-keeping with the spirit of golf, and will not be accepted: sorted(sum(lists,[])) # cheating: out of bounds! Apart from anything else, your algorithm should be (but doesn't have to be) a lot faster! Clearly state the language, any foibles and the character count. Only include meaningful characters in the count, but feel free to add whitespace to the code for artistic / readability purposes. To keep things tidy, suggest improvement in comments or by editing answers where appropriate, rather than creating a new answer for each "revision". EDIT: if I was submitting this question again, I would expand on the "no language provided sort" rule to be "don't concatenate all the lists then sort the result". Existing entries which do concatenate-then-sort are actually very interesting and compact, so I won't retro-actively introduce a rule they break, but feel free to work to the more restrictive spec in new submissions. Inspired by http://stackoverflow.com/questions/464342/combining-two-sorted-lists-in-python

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  • I'm looking for a way to evaluate reading rate in several languages

    - by i30817
    I have a software that is page oriented instead of scrollbar oriented so i can easily count the words, but i'd like a way to filter outliers and some default value for the text language (that is known). The goal is from the remaining text to calculate the remaining time. I'm not sure what is the best unit to use. WPM (words per minute) from here seems very fuzzy and human oriented. Besides i don't know how many "words" remain in the text. http://www.sfsu.edu/~testing/CalReadRate.htm So i came up with this: The user is reading the text. The total text size in characters is known. His position in the text is known. So the remaining characters to read is also known. If a language has a median word length of say 5 chars, then if i had a WPM speed for the user, i could calculate the remaining time. 3 things are needed for this: 1) A table of the median word length of the language. 2) A table of the median WPM of a median user per language. 3) Update the WPM to fit the user as data becomes available, filtering outliers. However i can't find these tables. And i'm not sure how precise it is assuming median word length.

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  • suggestions on syntax to express mathematical formula concisely

    - by aaa
    hello. I am developing functional domain specific embedded language within C++ to translate formulas into working code as concisely and accurately as possible. I post prototype in the comment, it is about 2 hundred lines long. Right now my language looks something like this (well, actually is going to look like): // implies two nested loops j=0:N, i=0,j (range(i) < j < N)[T(i,j) = (T(i,j) - T(j,i))/e(i+j)]; // implies summation over above expression sum(range(i) < j < N))[(T(i,j) - T(j,i))/e(i+j)]; I am looking for possible syntax improvements/extensions or just different ideas about expressing mathematical formulas as clearly and precisely as possible (in any language, not just C++). Can you give me some syntax examples relating to my question which can be accomplished in your language of choice which consider useful. In particular, if you have some ideas about how to translate the above code segments, I would be happy to hear them. Thank you just to clarify and give actual formula, my short-term goal is to express the following expression concisely where values in <> are already computed as 4-dimensional array

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  • Schliemann's method of programming language learning

    - by DVK
    Background: 19th-century German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann was of course famous for his successful quest to find and excavate the city of Troy (an actual archeological site for the Troy of Homer's Iliad). However, he is just as famous for being an astonishing learner of languages - within the space of two years, he taught himself fluent Dutch, English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, and later went on to learn seven more, including both modern and ancient Greek. One of the methods he famously used was comparison of a known text, e.g. take a book in a language one is fluent in, take a good translation of a book in a language you wish to learn, and go over them in parallel. (various sources cited the book used by Schliemann to be the Bible, or, as the link above states, a novel). Now, for the actual question. Has anyone used (or heard of) an equivalent of Schliemann's method for learning a new programming language? E.g. instead of basing the leaning on references and tutorials, take a somewhat comprehensive set of programs known to have high-quality code in both languages implementing similar/identical algorithms and learn by comparing them? I'm curious about either personal experiences of applying such an approach, or references to something published, or existance of codebases which could be used for such an approach? What got me thinking about the idea was Project Euler and some code snippets I saw on SO, in C++, Perl and Lisp.

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  • Yii: Multi-language website - best practices.

    - by michal
    Hi, I find Yii great framework, and the example website created with yiic shell is a good point to start... however it doesn't cover the topic of multi-language websites, unfortunately. The docs covers the topic of translating short messages, but not keeping the multi-lingual content ... I'm about to start working on a website which needs to be in at least two languages, and I'm wondering what is the best way to keep content for that ... The problem is that the content is mixed extensively with common elements (like embedded video files). I need to avoid duplicating those commons ... so far I used to have an array of arrays containing texts (usually no more than 1-2 short paragraphs), then the view file was just rendering the text from an array. Now I'd like to avoid keeping it in arrays (which requires some attention when putting double quotations " " and is inconvenient in general...). So, what is the best way to keep those short paragraphs? Should I keep them in DB like (id | msg_id | language | content ) and then select them by msg_id & language? That still requires me to create some msg_id's and embed them into view file ... Is there any recommended paradigm for which Yii has some solutions? Thanks, m.

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  • Full Text Search MSSQL2008 show wrong display_item for Thai Language

    - by ensecoz
    I am working on MSSQL2008. My task is to investigate the issue that why FTS cannot find the right result for Thai. First, I am having the table which enable the FTS on the column 'ItemName' which is nvarchar. The Catalog is created with the Thai Language. Note that, Thai language is one of the language that doesn't separate the word by space so '????' '???' '????' are written like this in the sentence '???????????' In the table, there are many rows that include the word (????) for examples row#1 (ItemName: '???????????') On the webpage, I try to search for '????' but SQLServer cannot find it. So I try to investigate it by trying the following query in SQLServer select * from sys.dm_fts_parser(N'"???????????"', 1054, 0, 0) To see how the words are broken. The first one is the text to be break. The second parameter is specify that using Thai (WorkBreaker, so on). and here is the result: row#1 (display_item: '????', source_item: '???????????') row#2 (display_item: '????', source_item: '???????????') row#3 (display_item: '??', source_item: '???????????') Notice that the first and second row display the worng display_item '?' in the '????' isn't even Thai characters. '?' in '????' is not Thai charater either. So the question is where is those alien characters come from? I guess this i why I cannot search for '????' because the word breaker is mis-borken and keeping the wrong character in the indexes. Please help!

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  • Add new language to existing Xcode project localization

    - by leolobato
    Hey guys, I'm working on an existing Xcode 3.2.2 Universal iPhone OS project which is already localized for 4 languages (EN, IT, DE and FR). We are now adding a new language (JA) into this project. Each existing .lproj folder (en.lproj, it.lproj, de.lproj and fr.lproj) has almost 60 files - including PNGs, HTMLs and the Localizable.strings file. Each one of those files appear as localized groups inside Groups & Files in Xcode. They're spread all over the tree. If I right-click one of those groups (say, Localizable.strings) inside Xcode, Get Info, click on "Add Localization" and type "ja" - as the Xcode docs suggest, nothing happens. From what I read in this newgroup, it's possibly because of the way those folders are named. If they were named like English.lproj and Italian.lproj, this was supposed to work. So, for me to actually import a new language localized file into the existing group, I have to: Right-click the localized group file. Choose "Add Existing File". Select the corresponding file inside the ja.lproj folder. I'm about to get a new ja.lproj folder with those 60 localized files and would love to import them in the project in a way that doesn't involve searching for every single file in Groups & Trees and performing those steps... for every one of those 60 files. Is that possible? Is there a right (or better) way to import a new language into this Xcode project?

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  • Truly declarative language?

    - by gjvdkamp
    Hi all, Does anyone know of a truly declarative language? The behaviour I'm looking for is kind of what Excel does, where I can define variables and formulas, and have the formula's result change when the input changes (without having set the answer again myself) The behaviour I'm looking for is best shown with this pseudo code: X = 10 // define and assign two variables Y = 20; Z = X + Y // declare a formula that uses these two variables X = 50 // change one of the input variables ?Z // asking for Z should now give 70 (50 + 20) I've tried this in a lot of languages like F#, python, matlab etc, but every time i try this they come up with 30 instead of 70. Wich is correct from an imperative point of view, but i'm looking for a more declerative behaviour if you know what i mean. And this is just a very simple calculation. When things get more difficult it should handle stuff like recursion and memoization automagically. The code below would obviously work in C# but it's just so much code for the job, i'm looking for something a bit more to the point without all that 'technical noise' class BlaBla{ public int X {get;set;} // this used to be even worse before 3.0 public int Y {get;set;} public int Z {get{return X + Y;}} } static void main(){ BlaBla bla = new BlaBla(); bla.X = 10; bla.Y = 20; // can't define anything here bla.X = 50; // bit pointless here but I'll do it anyway. Console.Writeline(bla.Z);// 70, hurray! } This just seems like so much code, curly braces and semicolons that add nothing. Is there a language/ application (apart from Exel) that does this? Maybe I'm no doing it right in the mentioned langauges, or I've completely missed an app that does just this. I prototyped a language/ application that does this (along with some other stuff) and am thinking of productizing it. I just can't believe it's not there yet. Don't want to waste my time. Thanks in advance, Gert-Jan

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  • Kernighan & Ritchie word count example program in a functional language

    - by Frank
    I have been reading a little bit about functional programming on the web lately and I think I got a basic idea about the concepts behind it. I'm curious how everyday programming problems which involve some kind of state are solved in a pure functional programing language. For example: how would the word count program from the book 'The C programming Language' be implemented in a pure functional language? Any contributions are welcome as long as the solution is in a pure functional style. Here's the word count C code from the book: #include <stdio.h> #define IN 1 /* inside a word */ #define OUT 0 /* outside a word */ /* count lines, words, and characters in input */ main() { int c, nl, nw, nc, state; state = OUT; nl = nw = nc = 0; while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) { ++nc; if (c == '\n') ++nl; if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c = '\t') state = OUT; else if (state == OUT) { state = IN; ++nw; } } printf("%d %d %d\n", nl, nw, nc); }

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  • Why C++ is (one of) the best language to learn at first [closed]

    - by AlexV
    C++ is one of the most used programming language in the world since like 25+ years. My first job as programmer was in C++ and I coded in C++ everyday for nearly 4 years. Now I do mostly PHP, but I will forever cherish this C++ background. C++ has helped me understand many "under the hood" features/behaviors/restrictions of many other (and different) programming languages like PHP and Delphi. I'm a full time programmer for 6+ years now and since I have a quite varied programming background I often get questions by "newbies" as where to start to become a "good" programmer. I think C++ is one of the best language to start with because it gives you a real usefull experience that will last and will teach you how things work under the hood. It's not the easier one to learn for a newbie, but in my opinion it's the one who will reward the most in long term. I would like to know your opinion on this matter to add to my arguments when I guide "newbies". After this introduction, here's my question : Why C++ is for you (one of) the best language to learn at first. Since it's subjective, I've marked this question as community wiki.

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  • What is PHP like as a programming language?

    - by seanlinmt
    I am not really familiar with PHP, but I get the impression that it is like JavaScript (syntax-wise). What are the benefits of a dynamically typed language, when compared to a strongly typed language like C# or Java, and how would this help in the context of web development? What would make a dynamically typed language so attractive? Or, does the popularity of PHP have more to do with it being free? Okay, I think I better give a little more background to get more meaningful answers, because I am not wanting a flame war. I come from a C background, and when I moved into C# and Visual Studio. Having code completion, integration with an SQL database, huge existing class libraries and easy to access documentation, as well as new tools such as LINQ and ReSharper was like heaven. I didn't enjoy JavaScript before JQuery, but now I love it as well. Recently, I ported a PHP project over to C# and I used Zend to help me debug and understand more while porting - instead of maintaining two code streams. That also cut down on the cost of the server and maintenance. Getting into PHP would be nice. I think that Visual Studio has spoiled me - but again Eclipse is also equally spoiling. It would be nice to have an answer from someone who has experience developing both under PHP and .NET.

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  • How to avoid circular relationship in SQL-Server?

    - by Shimmy
    I am creating a self-related table: Table Item columns: ItemId int - PK; Amount money - not null; Price money - a computed column using a UDF that retrieves value according to the items ancestors' Amount. ParentItemId int - nullable, reference to another ItemId in this table. I need to avoid a loop, meaning, a sibling cannot become an ancestor of his ancestors, meaning, if ItemId=2 ParentItemId = 1, then ItemId 1 ParentItemId = 2 shouldn't be allowed. I don't know what should be the best practice in this situation. I think I should add a CK that gets a Scalar value from a UDF or whatever else. EDIT: Another option is to create an INSTEAD OF trigger and put in 1 transaction the update of the ParentItemId field and selecting the Price field from the @@RowIdentity, if it fails cancel transaction, but I would prefer a UDF validating. Any ideas are sincerely welcomed.

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  • doctrine findby relation

    - by iggnition
    I'm having trouble selecting a subset of data with doctrine. I have 3 tables Location Contact Contact_location The contact and location tables hold a name and an id the other table holds only ID's. For instance: Location loc_id: 1 name: detroit Contact contact_id: 1 name: Mike Contact_location loc_id: 1 contact_id: 1 In doctrine there is a many to many relation between the location and contact tables with contact_location as the ref_class. What i want to do is on my location page i want to find all contacts where for instance the loc_id = 1. I tried: $this->installedbases = Doctrine::getTable('contact')->findByloc_id(1); hoping doctrine would see the relation and get it, but it does not. How can i make doctrine search in relevant related tables? I read it can be done using Findby but i find the documentation unclear.

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  • django-admin formfield_for_* change default value per/depending on instance

    - by Nick Ma.
    Hi, I'm trying to change the default value of a foreignkey-formfield to set a Value of an other model depending on the logged in user. But I'm racking my brain on it... This: Changing ForeignKey’s defaults in admin site would an option to change the empty_label, but I need the default_value. #Now I tried the following without errors but it didn't had the desired effect: class EmployeeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ... def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request=None, **kwargs): formfields= super(EmployeeAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs) if request.user.is_superuser: return formfields if db_field.name == "company": #This is the RELEVANT LINE kwargs["initial"] = request.user.default_company return db_field.formfield(**kwargs) admin.site.register(Employee, EmployeeAdmin) ################################################################## # REMAINING Setups if someone would like to know it but i think # irrelevant concerning the problem ################################################################## from django.contrib.auth.models import User, UserManager class CompanyUser(User): ... objects = UserManager() company = models.ManyToManyField(Company) default_company= models.ForeignKey(Company, related_name='default_company') #I registered the CompanyUser instead of the standard User, # thats all up and working ... class Employee(models.Model): company = models.ForeignKey(Company) ... Hint: kwargs["default"] ... doesn't exist. Thanks in advance, Nick

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  • MySQL Basic about relationship

    - by Roberto
    Hi all! My doubt is about how to treat the follow thing: I have a system where a user belong to a company, and this user have their clients. How is the right way to get a list of all company clients and the follow user name?? In the client table where i have a field with the one of this relations: A company_id and user_id field Just company_id field Just user_id field cause user table have the company_id??? Something else... Tkz Roberto

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  • NHibernate Legacy Database Mappings Impossible?

    - by Corey Coogan
    I'm hoping someone can help me with mapping a legacy database. The problem I'm describing here has plagued others, yet I was unable to find a real good solution around the web. DISCLAIMER: this is a legacy DB. I have no control over the composite keys. They suck and can't be changed no matter much you tell me they suck. I have 2 tables, both with composite keys. One of the keys from one table is used as part of the key to get a collection from the other table. In short, the keys don't fully match between the table. ClassB is used everywhere I would like to avoid adding properties for the sake of this mapping if possible. public class ClassA { //[PK] public string SsoUid; //[PK] public string PolicyNumber; public IList<ClassB> Others; //more properties.... } public class ClassB { //[PK] public string PolicyNumber; //[PK] public string PolicyDateTime; //more properties } I want to get an instance of ClassA and get all ClassB rows that match PolicyNumber. I am trying to get something going with a one-to-many, but I realize that this may technically be a many-to-many that I am just treating as one-to-many. I've tried using an association class but didn't get far enough to see if it works. I'm new to these more complex mappings and am looking for advice. I'm open to pretty much any ideas. Thanks, Corey

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  • What's the next big thing after LINQ?

    - by Leniel Macaferi
    I started using LINQ (Language Integrated Query) when it was still in beta, more specifically Microsoft .NET LINQ Preview (May 2006). Almost 4 years have passed and here we are using LINQ in a lot of projects for the most diverse tasks. I even wrote my final college project based on LINQ. You see how I like it. LINQ and more recently PLINQ (Parallel LINQ) give our jobs a great boost when it comes to more programming power and less lines of code leading us to more expressive and readable code. I keep thinking what could be the next big language improvement for C# after LINQ. I know there are some promissing language features coming as Code Contracts, etc, but nothing having the impact that LINQ had. What do you think could be the next big thing?

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  • mysql Delete and Database Relationships

    - by Colin
    If I'm trying to delete multiple rows from a table and one of those rows can't be deleted because of a database relationship, what will happen? Will the rows that aren't constrained by a relationship still be deleted? Or will the entire delete fail? Thanks, Colin

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  • MS-Access: What could cause one form with a join query to load right and another not?

    - by Daniel Straight
    Form1 Form1 is bound to Table1. Table1 has an ID field. Form2 Form2 is bound to Table2 joined to Table1 on Table2.Table1_ID=Table1.ID Here is the SQL (generated by Access): SELECT Table2.*, Table1.[FirstFieldINeed], Table1.[SecondFieldINeed], Table1.[ThirdFieldINeed] FROM Table1 INNER JOIN Table2 ON Table1.ID = Table2.[Table1_ID]; Form2 is opened with this code in Form1: DoCmd.RunCommand acCmdSaveRecord DoCmd.OpenForm "Form2", , , , acFormAdd, , Me.[ID] DoCmd.Close acForm, "Form1", acSaveYes And when loaded runs: Me.[Table1_ID] = Me.OpenArgs When Form2 is loaded, fields bound to columns from Table1 show up correctly. Form3 Form3 is bound to Table3 joined to Table2 on Table3.Table2_ID=Table2.ID Here is the SQL (generated by Access): SELECT Table3.*, Table2.[FirstFieldINeed], Table2.[SecondFieldINeed] FROM Table2 INNER JOIN Table3 ON Table2.ID = Table3.[Table2_ID]; Form3 is opened with this code in Form2: DoCmd.RunCommand acCmdSaveRecord DoCmd.OpenForm "Form3", , , , acFormAdd, , Me.[ID] DoCmd.Close acForm, "Form2", acSaveYes And when loaded runs: Me.[Table2_ID] = Me.OpenArgs When Form3 is loaded, fields bound to columns from Table2 do not show up correctly. WHY? UPDATES I tried making the join query into a separate query and using that as my record source, but it made no difference at all. If I go to the query for Form3 and view it in datasheet view, I can see that the information that should be pulled into the form is there. It just isn't showing up on the form.

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  • Save has_and_belongs_to_many link in basic RoR app

    - by Stéphane V
    I try to learn the has_and_belongs_to_many relationship between my 2 fresh new and simple models Product and Author, where a Product can have many authors and where author can have a lots of products. I wrote this : class Author < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :products end class Product < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :authors end In the partial form of view for the products, I have : <p>Products</p> <%= collection_select(:product, :author_ids, @authors, :id, :name, :prompt => " ", :multiple => true) %> but when I hit the update button, I get this strange message I can't resolve myself : NoMethodError in ProductsController#update undefined method `reject' for "1":String Rails.root: /home/stephane/www/HABTM Application Trace | Framework Trace | Full Trace app/controllers/products_controller.rb:63:in block in update' app/controllers/products_controller.rb:62:inupdate' Request Parameters: {"utf8"="✓", "_method"="put", "authenticity_token"="2GlTssOFjTVZ9BikrIFgx22cdTOIJuAB70liYhhLf+4=", "product"={"title"="Le trésor des Templiers", "original_title"="", "number"="1", "added_by"="", "author_ids"="1"}, "commit"="Update Product", "id"="1"} What's wrong ? Is there a problem with :product_ids... I saw on internet I had to pu a "s" but I'm not sure of what it represents.... How can I link the table authors_products to the key which is given back by the drop-down menu ? (here "author_ids"="1") Thx !

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  • What key on a keyboard can be detected in the browser but won't show up in a text input?

    - by Brady
    I know this one is going to sound weird but hear me out. I have a heart rate monitor that is hooked up like a keyboard to the computer. Each time the heart rate monitor detects a pulse it sends a key stroke. This keystroke is then detected by a web based game running in the browser. Currently I'm sending the following keystroke: (`) In the browser base game I'm detecting the following key fine and if when the user is on any data input screens the (`) character is ignored using a bit of JavaScript. The problem comes when I leave the browser and go back to using the Operating system in other ways the (`) starts appearing everywhere. So my question is: Is there a key that can be sent via the keyboard that is detectable in the browser but wont have any notable output on the screen if I switch to other applications. I'm kind of looking for a null key. A key that is detectable in the browser but has no effect to the browser or any other system application if pressed.

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  • What should every programmer know?

    - by Matt Lacey
    Regardless of programming language(s) or operating system(s) used or the environment they develop for, what should every programmer know? Some background: I'm interested in becoming the best programmer I can. As part of this process I'm trying to understand what I don't know and would benefit me a lot if I did. While there are loads of lists around along the lines of "n things every [insert programming language] developer should know", I have yet to find anything similar which isn't limited to a specific language. I also expect this information to be of interest and benefit to others.

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