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• Tyrus 1.8

  - by Pavel Bucek

  Another version of Tyrus, the reference implementation of JSR 356 – Java API for WebSocket is out! Complete list of fixes and features is below, but let me describe some of the new features in more detail. All information presented here is also available in Tyrusdocumentation. What’s new? First to mention is that JSR 356 Maintenance review Ballot is over and the change proposed for 1.1 release was accepted. More details about changes in the API can be found in this article. Important part is that Tyrus 1.8 implements this API, meaning you can use Lambda expressions and some features of Nashorn without the need for any workarounds. Almost all other features are related to client side support, which was significantly improved in this release. Firstly – I have to admit, that Tyrus client contained security issue – SSL Hostname verification was not performed when connecting to “wss” endpoints. This was fixed as part of TYRUS-339 and resulted in some changes in the client configuration API. Now you can control whether HostnameVerification should be performed (SslEngineConfigurator#setHostnameVerificationEnabled(boolean)) or even set your own HostnameVerifier (please use carefully): #setHostnameVerifier(…). Detailed description can be found in Host verification chapter. Another related enhancement is support for Http Basic and Digest authentication schemes. Tyrus client now enables users to provide credentials and underlying implementation will take care of everything else. Our implementation is strictly non pre-emptive, so the login information is sent always as a response to 401 Http Status Code. If the Basic and Digest are not good enough and there is a need to use some custom scheme or something which is not yet supported in Tyrus, custom Authenticator can be registered and the authentication part of the handshake process will be handled by it. Please seeClient HTTP Authentication chapter in the user guide for more details. There are other features, like fine-grain threadpool configuration for JDK client container, build-in Http redirect support and some reshuffling related to unifying the location of client configuration classes and properties definition – every property should be now part of ClientProperties class. All new features are described in the user guide – in chapterTyrus proprietary configuration. Update – Tyrus 1.8.1 There was another slightly late reported issue related to running in environments with SecurityManager enabled, so this version fixes that. Another noteworthy fixes are TYRUS-355 and TYRUS-361; the first one is about incorrect thread factory used for shared container timeout, which resulted in JVM waiting for that thread and not exiting as it should. The other issue enables relative URIs in Location header when using redirect feature. Links Tyrus homepage mailing list JIRA Complete list of changes: Bug [TYRUS-333] – Multiple endpoints on one client [TYRUS-334] – When connection is closed by a peer, periodic heartbeat pong is not stopped [TYRUS-336] – ReaderBuffer.getNextChars() keeps blocking a server thread after client has closed the session [TYRUS-338] – JDK client SSL filter needs better synchronization during handshake phase [TYRUS-339] – SSL hostname verification is missing [TYRUS-340] – Test PathParamTest are not stable with JDK client [TYRUS-341] – A control frame inside a stream of continuation frames is treated as the part of the stream [TYRUS-343] – ControlFrameInDataStreamTest does not pass on GF [TYRUS-345] – NPE is thrown, when shared container timeout property in JDK client is not set [TYRUS-346] – IllegalStateException is thrown, when using proxy in JDK client [TYRUS-347] – Introduce better synchronization in JDK client thread pool [TYRUS-348] – When a client and server close connection simultaneously, JDK client throws NPE [TYRUS-356] – Tyrus cannot determine the connection port for a wss URL [TYRUS-357] – Exception thrown in MessageHandler#OnMessage is not caught in @OnError method [TYRUS-359] – Client based on Java 7 Asynchronous IO makes application unexitable Improvement [TYRUS-328] – JDK 1.7 AIO Client container – threads – (setting threadpool, limits, …) [TYRUS-332] – Consolidate shared client properties into one file. [TYRUS-337] – Create an SSL version of Basic Servlet test New Feature [TYRUS-228] – Add client support for HTTP Basic/Digest Task [TYRUS-330] – create/run tests/servlet/basic via wss [TYRUS-335] – [clustering] – introduce RemoteSession and expose them via separate method (not include remote sessions in the getOpenSessions()) [TYRUS-344] – Introduce Client support for HTTP Redirect

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• Tuning Default WorkManager - Advantages and Disadvantages

  - by Murali Veligeti

  Before discussing on Tuning Default WorkManager, lets have a brief introduction on What is Default WorkManger Before Weblogic Server 9.0 release, we had the concept of Execute Queues. WebLogic Server (before WLS 9.0), processing was performed in multiple execute queues. Different classes of work were executed in different queues, based on priority and ordering requirements, and to avoid deadlocks. In addition to the default execute queue, weblogic.kernel.default, there were pre-configured queues dedicated to internal administrative traffic, such as weblogic.admin.HTTP and weblogic.admin.RMI.Users could control thread usage by altering the number of threads in the default queue, or configure custom execute queues to ensure that particular applications had access to a fixed number of execute threads, regardless of overall system load. From WLS 9.0 release onwards WebLogic Server uses is a single thread pool (single thread pool which is called Default WorkManager), in which all types of work are executed. WebLogic Server prioritizes work based on rules you define, and run-time metrics, including the actual time it takes to execute a request and the rate at which requests are entering and leaving the pool.The common thread pool changes its size automatically to maximize throughput. The queue monitors throughput over time and based on history, determines whether to adjust the thread count. For example, if historical throughput statistics indicate that a higher thread count increased throughput, WebLogic increases the thread count. Similarly, if statistics indicate that fewer threads did not reduce throughput, WebLogic decreases the thread count. This new strategy makes it easier for administrators to allocate processing resources and manage performance, avoiding the effort and complexity involved in configuring, monitoring, and tuning custom executes queues. The Default WorkManager is used to handle thread management and perform self-tuning.This Work Manager is used by an application when no other Work Managers are specified in the application’s deployment descriptors. In many situations, the default Work Manager may be sufficient for most application requirements. WebLogic Server’s thread-handling algorithms assign each application its own fair share by default. Applications are given equal priority for threads and are prevented from monopolizing them. The default work-manager, as its name tells, is the work-manager defined by default.Thus, all applications deployed on WLS will use it. But sometimes, when your application is already in production, it's obvious you can't take your EAR / WAR, update the deployment descriptor(s) and redeploy it.The default work-manager belongs to a thread-pool, as initial thread-pool comes with only five threads, that's not much. If your application has to face a large number of hits, you may want to start with more than that.Well, that's quite easy. You have  two option to do so.1) Modify the config.xmlJust add the following line(s) in your server definition : <server> <name>AdminServer</name> <self-tuning-thread-pool-size-min>100</self-tuning-thread-pool-size-min> <self-tuning-thread-pool-size-max>200</self-tuning-thread-pool-size-max> [...] </server> 2) Adding some JVM parameters Add the following system property in setDomainEnv.sh/setDomainEnv.cmd or startWebLogic.sh/startWebLogic.cmd : -Dweblogic.threadpool.MinPoolSize=100 -Dweblogic.threadpool.MaxPoolSize=100 Reboot WLS and see the option has been taken into account . Disadvantage: So far its fine. But here there is an disadvantage in tuning Default WorkManager. Internally Weblogic Server has many work managers configured for different types of work.  if we run out of threads in the self-tuning pool(because of system property -Dweblogic.threadpool.MaxPoolSize) due to being undersized, then important work that WLS might need to do could be starved.  So, while limiting the self-tuning would limit the default WorkManager and internally it also limits all other internal WorkManagers which WLS uses.So the best alternative is to override the default WorkManager that means creating a WorkManager for the Application and assign the WorkManager for the application instead of tuning the Default WorkManager.

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• perl comparing 2 data file as array 2D for finding match one to one [migrated]

  - by roman serpa

  I'm doing a program that uses combinations of variables ( combiData.txt 63 rows x different number of columns) for analysing a data table ( j1j2_1.csv, 1000filas x 19 columns ) , to choose how many times each combination is repeated in data table and which rows come from (for instance, tableData[row][4]). I have tried to compile it , however I get the following message : Use of uninitialized value $val in numeric eq (==) at rowInData.pl line 34. Use of reference "ARRAY(0x1a2eae4)" as array index at rowInData.pl line 56. Use of reference "ARRAY(0x1a1334c)" as array index at rowInData.pl line 56. Use of uninitialized value in subtraction (-) at rowInData.pl line 56. Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, subscript -1 at rowInData.pl line 56. nothing This is my code: #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; my $line_match; my $countTrue; open (FILE1, "<combiData.txt") or die "can't open file text1.txt\n"; my @tableCombi; while(<FILE1>) { my @row = split(' ', $_); push(@tableCombi, \@row); } close FILE1 || die $!; open (FILE2, "<j1j2_1.csv") or die "can't open file text1.txt\n"; my @tableData; while(<FILE2>) { my @row2 = split(/\s*,\s*/, $_); push(@tableData, \@row2); } close FILE2 || die $!; #function transform combiData.txt variable (position ) to the real value that i have to find in the data table. sub trueVal($){ my ($val) = $_[0]; if($val == 7){ return ('nonsynonymous_SNV'); } elsif( $val == 14) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 15) { return '1';} elsif( $val == 16) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 17) { return '1'; } elsif( $val == 18) { return '1';} elsif( $val == 19) { return '1';} else { print 'nothing'; } } #function IntToStr ( ) , i'm not sure if it is necessary) that transforms $ to strings , to use the function <eq> in the third loop for the array of combinations compared with the data array . sub IntToStr { return "$_[0]"; } for my $combi (@tableCombi) { $line_match = 0; for my $sheetData (@tableData) { $countTrue=0; for my $cell ( @$combi) { #my $temp =\$tableCombi[$combi][$cell] ; #if ( trueVal($tableCombi[$combi][$cell] ) eq $tableData[$sheetData][ $tableCombi[$combi][$cell] - 1 ] ){ #if ( IntToStr(trueVal($$temp )) eq IntToStr( $tableData[$sheetData][ $$temp-1] ) ){ if ( IntToStr(trueVal($tableCombi[$combi][$cell]) ) eq IntToStr($tableData[$sheetData][ $tableCombi[$combi][$cell] -1]) ){ $countTrue++;} if ($countTrue==@$combi){ $line_match++; #if ($line_match < 50){ print $tableData[$sheetData][4]." "; #} } } } print $line_match." \n"; }

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• Exploring TCP throughput with DTrace

  - by user12820842

  One key measure to use when assessing TCP throughput is assessing the amount of unacknowledged data in the pipe. This is sometimes termed the Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP) (note that BDP is often used more generally as the product of the link capacity and the end-to-end delay). In DTrace terms, the amount of unacknowledged data in bytes for the connection is the different between the next sequence number to send and the lowest unacknoweldged sequence number (tcps_snxt - tcps_suna). According to the theory, when the number of unacknowledged bytes for the connection is less than the receive window of the peer, the path bandwidth is the limiting factor for throughput. In other words, if we can fill the pipe without the peer TCP complaining (by virtue of its window size reaching 0), we are purely bandwidth-limited. If the peer's receive window is too small however, the sending TCP has to wait for acknowledgements before it can send more data. In this case the round-trip time (RTT) limits throughput. In such cases the effective throughput limit is the window size divided by the RTT, e.g. if the window size is 64K and the RTT is 0.5sec, the throughput is 128K/s. So a neat way to visually determine if the receive window of clients may be too small should be to compare the distribution of BDP values for the server versus the client's advertised receive window. If the BDP distribution overlaps the send window distribution such that it is to the right (or lower down in DTrace since quantizations are displayed vertically), it indicates that the amount of unacknowledged data regularly exceeds the client's receive window, so that it is possible that the sender may have more data to send but is blocked by a zero-window on the client side. In the following example, we compare the distribution of BDP values to the receive window advertised by the receiver (10.175.96.92) for a large file download via http. # dtrace -s tcp_tput.d ^C BDP(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 | 6 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 3 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 | 9 4096 | 14 8192 | 27 16384 | 67 32768 |@@ 1464 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 32396 131072 | 0 SWND(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 16384 | 0 32768 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 17067 65536 | 0 Here we have a puzzle. We can see that the receiver's advertised window is in the 32768-65535 range, while the amount of unacknowledged data in the pipe is largely in the 65536-131071 range. What's going on here? Surely in a case like this we should see zero-window events, since the amount of data in the pipe regularly exceeds the window size of the receiver. We can see that we don't see any zero-window events since the SWND distribution displays no 0 values - it stays within the 32768-65535 range. The explanation is straightforward enough. TCP Window scaling is in operation for this connection - the Window Scale TCP option is used on connection setup to allow a connection to advertise (and have advertised to it) a window greater than 65536 bytes. In this case the scaling shift is 1, so this explains why the SWND values are clustered in the 32768-65535 range rather than the 65536-131071 range - the SWND value needs to be multiplied by two since the reciever is also scaling its window by a shift factor of 1. Here's the simple script that compares BDP and SWND distributions, fixed to take account of window scaling. #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::send / (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { @bdp["BDP(bytes)", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna); } tcp:::receive / (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { @swnd["SWND(bytes)", args[2]-ip_saddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = quantize((args[4]-tcp_window)*(1 tcps_snd_ws)); } And here's the fixed output. # dtrace -s tcp_tput_scaled.d ^C BDP(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 | 39 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 3 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 | 4 4096 | 9 8192 | 22 16384 | 37 32768 |@ 99 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 3858 131072 | 0 SWND(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 512 | 0 1024 | 1 2048 | 0 4096 | 2 8192 | 4 16384 | 7 32768 | 14 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1956 131072 | 0

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• How Do You Actually Model Data?

  Since the 1970’s Developers, Analysts and DBAs have been able to represent concepts and relations in the form of data through the use of generic symbols.  But what is data modeling?  The first time I actually heard this term I could not understand why anyone would want to display a computer on a fashion show runway. Hey, what do you expect? At that time I was a freshman in community college, and obviously this was a long time ago.  I have since had the chance to learn what data modeling truly is through using it. Data modeling is a process of breaking down information and/or requirements in to common categories called objects. Once objects start being defined then relationships start to form based on dependencies found amongst other existing objects.  Currently, there are several tools on the market that help data designer actually map out objects and their relationships through the use of symbols and lines.  These diagrams allow for designs to be review from several perspectives so that designers can ensure that they have the optimal data design for their project and that the design is flexible enough to allow for potential changes and/or extension in the future. Additionally these basic models can always be further refined to show different levels of details depending on the target audience through the use of three different types of models. Conceptual Data Model(CDM)Conceptual Data Models include all key entities and relationships giving a viewer a high level understanding of attributes. Conceptual data model are created by gathering and analyzing information from various sources pertaining to a project during the typical planning phase of a project. Logical Data Model (LDM)Logical Data Models are conceptual data models that have been expanded to include implementation details pertaining to the data that it will store. Additionally, this model typically represents an origination’s business requirements and business rules by defining various attribute data types and relationships regarding each entity. This additional information can be directly translated to the Physical Data Model which reduces the actual time need to implement it. Physical Data Model(PDMs)Physical Data Model are transformed Logical Data Models that include the necessary tables, columns, relationships, database properties for the creation of a database. This model also allows for considerations regarding performance, indexing and denormalization that are applied through database rules, data integrity. Further expanding on why we actually use models in modern application/database development can be seen in the benefits that data modeling provides for data modelers and projects themselves, Benefits of Data Modeling according to Applied Information Science Abstraction that allows data designers remove concepts and ideas form hard facts in the form of data. This gives the data designers the ability to express general concepts and/or ideas in a generic form through the use of symbols to represent data items and the relationships between the items. Transparency through the use of data models allows complex ideas to be translated in to simple symbols so that the concept can be understood by all viewpoints and limits the amount of confusion and misunderstanding. Effectiveness in regards to tuning a model for acceptable performance while maintaining affordable operational costs. In addition it allows systems to be built on a solid foundation in terms of data. I shudder at the thought of a world without data modeling, think about it? Data is everywhere in our lives. Data modeling allows for optimizing a design for performance and the reduction of duplication. If one was to design a database without data modeling then I would think that the first things to get impacted would be database performance due to poorly designed database and there would be greater chances of unnecessary data duplication that would also play in to the excessive query times because unneeded records would need to be processed. You could say that a data designer designing a database is like a box of chocolates. You will never know what kind of database you will get until after it is built.

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• SQL Server IO handling mechanism can be severely affected by high CPU usage

  - by sqlworkshops

  Are you using SSD or SAN / NAS based storage solution and sporadically observe SQL Server experiencing high IO wait times or from time to time your DAS / HDD becomes very slow according to SQL Server statistics? Read on… I need your help to up vote my connect item – https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/744650/sql-server-io-handling-mechanism-can-be-severely-affected-by-high-cpu-usage. Instead of taking few seconds, queries could take minutes/hours to complete when CPU is busy.In SQL Server when a query / request needs to read data that is not in data cache or when the request has to write to disk, like transaction log records, the request / task will queue up the IO operation and wait for it to complete (task in suspended state, this wait time is the resource wait time). When the IO operation is complete, the task will be queued to run on the CPU. If the CPU is busy executing other tasks, this task will wait (task in runnable state) until other tasks in the queue either complete or get suspended due to waits or exhaust their quantum of 4ms (this is the signal wait time, which along with resource wait time will increase the overall wait time). When the CPU becomes free, the task will finally be run on the CPU (task in running state).The signal wait time can be up to 4ms per runnable task, this is by design. So if a CPU has 5 runnable tasks in the queue, then this query after the resource becomes available might wait up to a maximum of 5 X 4ms = 20ms in the runnable state (normally less as other tasks might not use the full quantum).In case the CPU usage is high, let’s say many CPU intensive queries are running on the instance, there is a possibility that the IO operations that are completed at the Hardware and Operating System level are not yet processed by SQL Server, keeping the task in the resource wait state for longer than necessary. In case of an SSD, the IO operation might even complete in less than a millisecond, but it might take SQL Server 100s of milliseconds, for instance, to process the completed IO operation. For example, let’s say you have a user inserting 500 rows in individual transactions. When the transaction log is on an SSD or battery backed up controller that has write cache enabled, all of these inserts will complete in 100 to 200ms. With a CPU intensive parallel query executing across all CPU cores, the same inserts might take minutes to complete. WRITELOG wait time will be very high in this case (both under sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats and sys.dm_os_wait_stats). In addition you will notice a large number of WAITELOG waits since log records are written by LOG WRITER and hence very high signal_wait_time_ms leading to more query delays. However, Performance Monitor Counter, PhysicalDisk, Avg. Disk sec/Write will report very low latency times.Such delayed IO handling also occurs to read operations with artificially very high PAGEIOLATCH_SH wait time (with number of PAGEIOLATCH_SH waits remaining the same). This problem will manifest more and more as customers start using SSD based storage for SQL Server, since they drive the CPU usage to the limits with faster IOs. We have a few workarounds for specific scenarios, but we think Microsoft should resolve this issue at the product level. We have a connect item open – https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/744650/sql-server-io-handling-mechanism-can-be-severely-affected-by-high-cpu-usage - (with example scripts) to reproduce this behavior, please up vote the item so the issue will be addressed by the SQL Server product team soon.Thanks for your help and best regards,Ramesh MeyyappanHome: www.sqlworkshops.comLinkedIn: http://at.linkedin.com/in/rmeyyappan

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• Detect Unicode Usage in SQL Column

  One optimization you can make to a SQL table that is overly large is to change from nvarchar (or nchar) to varchar (or char).  Doing so will cut the size used by the data in half, from 2 bytes per character (+ 2 bytes of overhead for varchar) to only 1 byte per character.  However, you will lose the ability to store Unicode characters, such as those used by many non-English alphabets.  If the tables are storing user-input, and your application is or might one day be used internationally, its likely that using Unicode for your characters is a good thing.  However, if instead the data is being generated by your application itself or your development team (such as lookup data), and you can be certain that Unicode character sets are not required, then switching such columns to varchar/char can be an easy improvement to make. Avoid Premature Optimization If you are working with a lookup table that has a small number of rows, and is only ever referenced in the application by its numeric ID column, then you wont see any benefit to using varchar vs. nvarchar.  More generally, for small tables, you wont see any significant benefit.  Thus, if you have a general policy in place to use nvarchar/nchar because it offers more flexibility, do not take this post as a recommendation to go against this policy anywhere you can.  You really only want to act on measurable evidence that suggests that using Unicode is resulting in a problem, and that you wont lose anything by switching to varchar/char. Obviously the main reason to make this change is to reduce the amount of space required by each row.  This in turn affects how many rows SQL Server can page through at a time, and can also impact index size and how much disk I/O is required to respond to queries, etc.  If for example you have a table with 100 million records in it and this table has a column of type nchar(5), this column will use 5 * 2 = 10 bytes per row, and with 100M rows that works out to 10 bytes * 100 million = 1000 MBytes or 1GB.  If it turns out that this column only ever stores ASCII characters, then changing it to char(5) would reduce this to 5*1 = 5 bytes per row, and only 500MB.  Of course, if it turns out that it only ever stores the values true and false then you could go further and replace it with a bit data type which uses only 1 byte per row (100MB  total). Detecting Whether Unicode Is In Use So by now you think that you have a problem and that it might be alleviated by switching some columns from nvarchar/nchar to varchar/char but youre not sure whether youre currently using Unicode in these columns.  By definition, you should only be thinking about this for a column that has a lot of rows in it, since the benefits just arent there for a small table, so you cant just eyeball it and look for any non-ASCII characters.  Instead, you need a query.  Its actually very simple: SELECT DISTINCT(CategoryName)FROM CategoriesWHERE CategoryName <> CONVERT(varchar, CategoryName) Summary Gregg Stark for the tip. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• WebLogic Server Performance and Tuning: Part II - Thread Management

  - by Gokhan Gungor

  WebLogic Server, like any other java application server, provides resources so that your applications use them to provide services. Unfortunately none of these resources are unlimited and they must be managed carefully. One of these resources is threads which are pooled to provide better throughput and performance along with the fast response time and to avoid deadlocks. Threads are execution points that WebLogic Server delivers its power and execute work. Managing threads is very important because it may affect the overall performance of the entire system. In previous releases of WebLogic Server 9.0 we had multiple execute queues and user defined thread pools. There were different queues for different type of work which had fixed number of execute threads.  Tuning of this thread pools and finding the proper number of threads was time consuming which required many trials. WebLogic Server 9.0 and the following releases use a single thread pool and a single priority-based execute queue. All type of work is executed in this single thread pool. Its size (thread count) is automatically decreased or increased (self-tuned). The new “self-tuning” system simplifies getting the proper number of threads and utilizing them.Work manager allows your applications to run concurrently in multiple threads. Work manager is a mechanism that allows you to manage and utilize threads and create rules/guidelines to follow when assigning requests to threads. We can set a scheduling guideline or priority a request with a work manager and then associate this work manager with one or more applications. At run-time, WebLogic Server uses these guidelines to assign pending work/requests to execution threads. The position of a request in the execute queue is determined by its priority. There is a default work manager that is provided. The default work manager should be sufficient for most applications. However there can be cases you want to change this default configuration. Your application(s) may be providing services that need mixture of fast response time and long running processes like batch updates. However wrong configuration of work managers can lead a performance penalty while expecting improvement.We can define/configure work managers at;•    Domain Level: config.xml•    Application Level: weblogic-application.xml •    Component Level: weblogic-ejb-jar.xml or weblogic.xml(For a specific web application use weblogic.xml)We can use the following predefined rules/constraints to manage the work;•    Fair Share Request Class: Specifies the average thread-use time required to process requests. The default is 50.•    Response Time Request Class: Specifies a response time goal in milliseconds.•    Context Request Class: Assigns request classes to requests based on context information.•    Min Threads Constraint: Limits the number of concurrent threads executing requests.•    Max Threads Constraint: Guarantees the number of threads the server will allocate to requests.•    Capacity Constraint: Causes the server to reject requests only when it has reached its capacity. Let’s create a work manager for our application for a long running work.Go to WebLogic console and select Environment | Work Managers from the domain structure tree. Click New button and select Work manager and click next. Enter the name for the work manager and click next. Then select the managed server instances(s) or clusters from available targets (the one that your long running application is deployed) and finish. Click on MyWorkManager, and open the Configuration tab and check Ignore Stuck Threads and save. This will prevent WebLogic to tread long running processes (that is taking more than a specified time) as stuck and enable to finish the process.

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• Crime Scene Investigation: SQL Server

  - by Rodney Landrum

  “The packages are running slower in Prod than they are in Dev” My week began with this simple declaration from one of our lead BI developers, quickly followed by an emailed spreadsheet demonstrating that, over 5 executions, an extensive ETL process was running average 630 seconds faster on Dev than on Prod. The situation needed some scientific investigation to determine why the same code, the same data, the same schema would yield consistently slower results on a more powerful server. Prod had yet to be officially christened with a “Go Live” date so I had the time, and having recently been binge watching CSI: New York, I also had the inclination. An inspection of the two systems, Prod and Dev, revealed the first surprise: although Prod was indeed a “bigger” system, with double the amount of RAM of Dev, the latter actually had twice as many processor cores. On neither system did I see much sign of resources being heavily taxed, while the ETL process was running. Without any real supporting evidence, I jumped to a conclusion that my years of performance tuning should have helped me avoid, and that was that the hardware differences explained the better performance on Dev. We spent time setting up a Test system, similarly scoped to Prod except with 4 times the cores, and ported everything across. The results of our careful benchmarks left us truly bemused; the ETL process on the new server was slower than on both other systems. We burned more time tweaking server configurations, monitoring IO and network latency, several times believing we’d uncovered the smoking gun, until the results of subsequent test runs pitched us back into confusion. Finally, I decided, enough was enough. Hadn’t I learned very early in my DBA career that almost all bottlenecks were caused by code and database design, not hardware? It was time to get back to basics. With over 100 SSIS packages and hundreds of queries, each handling specific tasks such as file loads, bulk inserts, transforms, logging, and so on, the task seemed formidable. And yet, after barely an hour spent with Profiler, Extended Events, and wait statistics DMVs, I had a lead in the shape of a query that joined three tables, containing millions of rows, returned 3279 results, but performed 239K logical reads. As soon as I looked at the execution plans for the query in Dev and Test I saw the culprit, an implicit conversion warning on a join predicate field that was numeric in one table and a varchar(50) in another! I turned this information over to the BI developers who quickly resolved the data type mismatches and found and fixed “several” others as well. After the schema changes the same query with the same databases ran in under 1 second on all systems and reduced the logical reads down to fewer than 300. The analysis also revealed that on Dev, the ETL task was pulling data across a LAN, whereas Prod and Test were connected across slower WAN, in large part explaining why the same process ran slower on the latter two systems. Loading the data locally on Prod delivered a further 20% gain in performance. As we progress through our DBA careers we learn valuable lessons. Sometimes, with a project deadline looming and pressure mounting, we choose to forget them. I was close to giving into the temptation to throw more hardware at the problem. I’m pleased at least that I resisted, though I still kick myself for not looking at the code on day one. It can seem a daunting prospect to return to the fundamentals of the code so close to roll out, but with the right tools, and surprisingly little time, you can collect the evidence that reveals the true problem. It is a lesson I trust I will remember for my next 20 years as a DBA, if I’m ever again tempted to bypass the evidence.

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• Numerically stable(ish) method of getting Y-intercept of mouse position?

  - by Fraser

  I'm trying to unproject the mouse position to get the position on the X-Z plane of a ray cast from the mouse. The camera is fully controllable by the user. Right now, the algorithm I'm using is... Unproject the mouse into the camera to get the ray: Vector3 p1 = Vector3.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 0), 0, 0, width, height, nearPlane, farPlane, viewProj; Vector3 p2 = Vector3.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 1), 0, 0, width, height, nearPlane, farPlane, viewProj); Vector3 dir = p2 - p1; dir.Normalize(); Ray ray = Ray(p1, dir); Then get the Y-intercept by using algebra: float t = -ray.Position.Y / ray.Direction.Y; Vector3 p = ray.Position + t * ray.Direction; The problem is that the projected position is "jumpy". As I make small adjustments to the mouse position, the projected point moves in strange ways. For example, if I move the mouse one pixel up, it will sometimes move the projected position down, but when I move it a second pixel, the project position will jump back to the mouse's location. The projected location is always close to where it should be, but it does not smoothly follow a moving mouse. The problem intensifies as I zoom the camera out. I believe the problem is caused by numeric instability. I can make minor improvements to this by doing some computations at double precision, and possibly abusing the fact that floating point calculations are done at 80-bit precision on x86, however before I start micro-optimizing this and getting deep into how the CLR handles floating point, I was wondering if there's an algorithmic change I can do to improve this? EDIT: A little snooping around in .NET Reflector on SlimDX.dll: public static Vector3 Unproject(Vector3 vector, float x, float y, float width, float height, float minZ, float maxZ, Matrix worldViewProjection) { Vector3 coordinate = new Vector3(); Matrix result = new Matrix(); Matrix.Invert(ref worldViewProjection, out result); coordinate.X = (float) ((((vector.X - x) / ((double) width)) * 2.0) - 1.0); coordinate.Y = (float) -((((vector.Y - y) / ((double) height)) * 2.0) - 1.0); coordinate.Z = (vector.Z - minZ) / (maxZ - minZ); TransformCoordinate(ref coordinate, ref result, out coordinate); return coordinate; } // ... public static void TransformCoordinate(ref Vector3 coordinate, ref Matrix transformation, out Vector3 result) { Vector3 vector; Vector4 vector2 = new Vector4 { X = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M21) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M11)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M31)) + transformation.M41, Y = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M22) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M12)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M32)) + transformation.M42, Z = (((coordinate.Y * transformation.M23) + (coordinate.X * transformation.M13)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M33)) + transformation.M43 }; float num = (float) (1.0 / ((((transformation.M24 * coordinate.Y) + (transformation.M14 * coordinate.X)) + (coordinate.Z * transformation.M34)) + transformation.M44)); vector2.W = num; vector.X = vector2.X * num; vector.Y = vector2.Y * num; vector.Z = vector2.Z * num; result = vector; } ...which seems to be a pretty standard method of unprojecting a point from a projection matrix, however this serves to introduce another point of possible instability. Still, I'd like to stick with the SlimDX Unproject routine rather than writing my own unless it's really necessary.

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• When things go awry

  - by Phil Factor

  The moment the Entrepreneur opened his mouth on prime-time national TV, spelled out the URL and waxed big on how exciting ‘his’ new website was, I knew I was in for a busy night. I’d designed and built it. All at once, half a million people tried to log into the website. Although all my stress-testing paid off, I have to admit that the network locked up tight long before there was any danger of a database or website problem. Soon afterwards, the Entrepreneur and the Big Boss were there in the autopsy meeting. We picked through all our systems in detail to see how they’d borne the unexpected strain. Mercifully, in view of the sour mood of the Big Boss, it turned out that the only thing we could have done better was buy a bigger pipe to and from the internet. We’d specified that ‘big pipe’ when designing the system. The Big Boss had then railed at the cost and so we’d subsequently compromised. I felt that my design decisions were vindicated. The Big Boss brooded for a while. Then he made the significant comment: “What really ****** me off is the fact that, for ten minutes, we couldn’t take people’s money.” At that point I stopped feeling smug. Had the internet connection been better, the system would have reached its limit and failed rather precipitously, and that wasn’t what he wanted. Then it occurred to me that what had gummed up the connection was all those images on the site, that had made it so impressive for the visitors. If there had been a way to automatically pare down the site to the bare essentials under stress… Hmm. I began to consider disaster-recovery in the broadest sense – maintaining a service in spite of unusual or unexpected events. What he said makes a lot of sense: sacrifice whatever isn’t essential to keep the core service running when we approach the capacity limits. Maybe in IT we should borrow (or revive) the business concept of the ‘Skeleton service’, maintaining only the priority parts under stress, using a process that is well-prepared and carefully rehearsed. How might this work? Whatever the event we have to prepare for, it is all about understanding the priorities; knowing what one can dispense with when the going gets tough. In the event of database disaster, it’s much faster to deploy a skeletal system with only the essential data than to restore the entire system, though there would have to be a reconciliation process to update the revived database retrospectively, once the emergency was over. It isn’t just the database that could be designed for resilience. One could prepare for unusually high traffic in a website by designing a system that degraded gradually to a ‘skeletal’ site, one that maintained the commercial essentials without fat images, JavaScript libraries and razzmatazz. This is all what the Big Boss scathingly called ‘a mere technicality’. It seems to me that what is needed first is a culture of application and database design which acknowledges that we live in a very imperfect world, and react accordingly when things go awry.

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• System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80070008): Not enough storage is available to process

  - by Darryl Braaten

  I am trying to diagnose this exception. "System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x80070008): Not enough storage is available to process this command. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070008) at System.Runtime.Remoting.RemotingServices.AllocateUninitializedObject(RuntimeType objectType) at System.Runtime.Remoting.RemotingServices.AllocateUninitializedObject(Type objectType) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.ActivationServices.CreateInstance(Type serverType) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.ActivationServices.IsCurrentContextOK(Type serverType, Object[] props, Boolean bNewObj) at Oracle.DataAccess.Client.CThreadPool..ctor() at Oracle.DataAccess.Client.OracleCommand.set_CommandTimeout(Int32 value) ... It does not look like any of the normal types of "storage" have hit any limits. The application is using about 400MB of memory, 70 threads, 2000 handles and the hard drive has many GB free. The machine is running Windows 2003 Enterprise server with 16GB of RAM so memory shouldn't be an issue. The application is running as a windows service so there are no GDI objects being used. Running out of GDI handles is a common cause of this exception. Database connections, commands & readers are all all wrapped with using blocks so they should be getting cleaned up correctly.

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• Common Access Card (CAC) Authentication Using Java

  - by Paul

  I'm bascially looking for someplace to start learning how to interface with a government CAC card using java. Ultimately, my goal is to find out how to use CAC card authentication (by PIN number) to authorize access to a website hosted using a Tomcat/J2EE server. But I'll need somewhere to start. So I figure I'd start by writing a small java program to simply read the CAC card information from the CAC card which is inserted into a card reader on my keyboard (DELL keyboard with CAC reader above the numeric keypad). By searching google, I found the cacard java project (https://cacard.dev.java.net/) which was replaced by the OpenSSO project. But I can't seem to find sample code of how to use it to connect to a card, read from a card, etc. Does anyone know where I can find some sample code so that I can start learning how to interact with a CAC card using java? Thanks EDIT: After researching more, I was thinking, would I be able to just set clientAuth="true" in the connector element in the server.xml file? http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/ssl-howto.html clientAuth: Set this value to true if you want Tomcat to require all SSL clients to present a client Certificate in order to use this socket.

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• DataBinding a dictionary to a combobox in WPF.

  - by Ashish Ashu

  I have a Dictionary which is binded to a combobox. I have used dictionary to provide spaces in enum. public enum Option {Enter_Value, Select_Value}; Dictionary<Option,string> Options; <ComboBox x:Name="optionComboBox" SelectionChanged="optionComboBox_SelectionChanged" SelectedValuePath="Key" DisplayMemberPath="Value" SelectedItem="{Binding Path = SelectedOption}" ItemsSource="{Binding Path = Options}" /> This works fine. My queries: 1. I am not able to set the initial value to a combo box. In above XAML snippet the line SelectedItem="{Binding Path = SelectedOption}" is not working. I have declared SelectOption in my viewmodel. This is of type string and I have intialized this string value in my view model as below: SelectedOption = Options[Options.Enter_Value].ToString(); 2. I want if user selects Options.Enter_Value from the combo box , the combo box becomes editable and user can enter the numeric value in it. If user selects the second option Options.Select_Value then a dialog is poped up which allows user to select the predifined values. And the combo box becomes read only and shows the selected value. Please Help!!

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• How do I filter out NaN FLOAT values in Teradata SQL?

  - by Paul Hooper

  With the Teradata database, it is possible to load values of NaN, -Inf, and +Inf into FLOAT columns through Java. Unfortunately, once those values get into the tables, they make life difficult when writing SQL that needs to filter them out. There is no IsNaN() function, nor can you "CAST ('NaN' as FLOAT)" and use an equality comparison. What I would like to do is, SELECT SUM(VAL**2) FROM DTM WHERE NOT ABS(VAL) > 1e+21 AND NOT VAL = CAST ('NaN' AS FLOAT) but that fails with error 2620, "The format or data contains a bad character.", specifically on the CAST. I've tried simply "... AND NOT VAL = 'NaN'", which also fails for a similar reason (3535, "A character string failed conversion to a numeric value."). I cannot seem to figure out how to represent NaN within the SQL statement. Even if I could represent NaN successfully in an SQL statement, I would be concerned that the comparison would fail. According to the IEEE 754 spec, NaN = NaN should evaluate to false. What I really seem to need is an IsNaN() function. Yet that function does not seem to exist.

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• Making flexible C# code in MVC2 for Stored Procedures

  - by cc0

  Thanks to Darin Dimitrov's suggestion I got a big step further in understanding good MVC code, but I'm having some problems making it flexible. I implemented Darin's suggested solution, and it works perfectly for single controllers. However I'm having some trouble implementing it with some flexibility. What I'm looking for is this; To be able to make dynamic column names in json Instead of using "Column1: 'value', ..." and "Column2: 'value', ..." inside the json, I'd like to use for example "id: 'value', ..." and "place: 'value' ..." for one stored procedure, and "animal" and "type" in another (inside the json format). To be able to make dynamic amounts of columns dependent on which stored procedure is called Some stored procedures I'll want to read more than 2 rows from, is there a smart way of accomplishing that? To be able to make numeric (floats and integers) rows from the database be presented inside the json without quotes Like this (name and age); { Column1: "John", Column2: 53 }, I would be very grateful for any feedback and suggestions / code examples I can get here. Even imperfect ones.

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• Notification Email Best Practices--From Server Setup to Programming

  - by Andrew Wagner

  All, I'm in the process now of building a SaaS tool that allows network admins to generate notification emails to the members of the end-users of our platform (among many many other things). I'm running into a bit of an "out of my expertise" wall, as I know there are a lot of variables involved with configuring an application that can: Run in a distributed way via load balancing and still-- Leverage a single mail server for sending notification emails Process unsubscribe requests Avoid any ISP blacklisting in the process. If anyone has the time and has done this before, I'd love if you could walk me through the A-Z of best practices both from a configuration perspective and an execution perspective for generating these emails (anything from necessary DNS settings to ideal SMTP setup and configuration) Currently, our application generates email via Google Apps using the PHPMailer class. While this works well, it doesn't queue messages (potential for timeout problems if any of our clients amass a very large list of end-users), and Google limits the amount of allowed generated email messages to 500/day. I know this is a lofty question, but any guidance you could provide would be smashing and a big help as we work through this hurtle in our beta development stage. Thanks!

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• function not working R

  - by user3722828

  I've never programmed before and am trying to learn. I'm following that "coursera" course that I've seen other people post about — a course offered by Johns Hopkins on R programming. Anyway, this was supposed to be my first function. Yet, it doesn't work! But when I type out all the steps individually, it runs just fine... Can anyone tell me why? > pollutantmean <- function(directory, pollutant, id = 1:332){ + x<- list.files("/Users/mike******/Desktop/directory", full.names=TRUE) + y<- lapply(x, read.csv) + z<- do.call(rbind.data.frame, y[id]) + + mean(z$pollutant, na.rm=TRUE) + } > pollutantmean(specdata,nitrate,1:10) [1] NA Warning message: In mean.default(z$pollutant, na.rm = TRUE) : argument is not numeric or logical: returning NA #### > x<- list.files("/Users/mike******/Desktop/specdata",full.names=TRUE) > y<- lapply(x,read.csv) > z<- do.call(rbind.data.frame,y[1:10]) > mean(z$nitrate,na.rm=TRUE) [1] 0.7976266

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• Any task-control algorithms programming practices?

  - by NumberFour

  Hi, I was just wondering if there's any field which concerns the task-control programming (or at least that's the way I call it). For a better explanation of task-control consider the following scenario: An application (master-thread) waits for a command - which might be a particular action or a set of actions the application should perform. When a command is received the master-thread creates a task (= spawns an independent thread which actually does the action) and adds a record in it's task-list - thus keeping track of the time of execution, thread handle, task priority...etc. The master-thread awaits for any other incoming commands while taking care of all the tasks - e.g: kills tasks running too long, prioritizes tasks with higher priorities, kills a task on a request of another task, limits the number of currently running tasks, allows task scheduling, cleans finished tasks (threads) and so on. The model is pretty similar to what we can see in OS dealing with running processes. Are there any good practices programming such task-models or is there some theoretical work done in this field? Maybe my question is too generalized, but at least I wanted to know whether there are any experiences working on such models or if there's a better approach. Thanks for any answers.

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• A list of Entity Framework providers for various databases

  - by Robert Koritnik

  Which providers are there and your experience using them I would like to know about all possible native .net Framework Entity Framework providers that are out there as well as their limitations compared to the default Linq2Entities (from MS for MS SQL). If there are more for the same database even better. Tell me and I'll be updating this post with this list. Feel free to add additional providers directly into this post or provide an answer and others (including me) will add it to the list. Entity Framework 1 Microsoft SQL Server Standard/Enterprise/Express Linq 2 Entities - Microsoft SQL Server connector DataDirect ADO.NET Data Providers Microsoft SQL Server CE (Compact Edition) Any provider? MySQL MySQL Connector (since version 6.0) - I've read about issues when using Skip(), Take() and Sort() in the same expression tree - everyone welcome to input their experience/knowledge regarding this. (NOTE: MySQL Connector/NET Visual Studio Integration is not supported in the Express Editions of Visual Studio, meaning you won't be able to view MySQL databases in the Database explorer window or add a MySQL data source via Visual Studio wizard dialog boxes. Some users may find that this limits their ability to use Entity Framework and MySQL within Visual Studio Express). Devart dotConnect for MySQL - similar issues to MySql's connector as I've read and both try to blame MS for it [these issues are supposed to be solved] SQLite Devart dotConnect for SQLite System.Data.SQLite PostgreSQL Devart dotConnect for PostgreSQL Npgsql Oracle Devart dotConnect for Oracle Sample Entity Framework Provider for Oracle - community effort project DataDirect ADO.NET Data Providers DB2 IBM Data Server Provider has EF support. Here are some limitations. DataDirect ADO.NET Data Providers Sybase Sybase iAnywhere DataDirect ADO.NET Data Providers Informix IBM Data Server Provider supports Informix Firebird ADO.NET Data Provider with EF support Provider Wrappers Tracing and Caching Providers for EF Entity Framework 4 (beta) Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft's Linq to Entities 4 - shipped with .net 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010; so far the only provider for EF4 MySQL Devart dotConnect for MySQL SQLite Devart dotConnect for SQLite PostgreSQL Devart dotConnect for PostgreSQL Oracle Devart dotConnect for Oracle

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• How do I shrink a matrix using an array mask in MATLAB?

  - by Pyrolistical

  This seems to be a very common problem of mine: data = [1 2 3; 4 5 6]; mask = [true false true]; mask = repmat(mask, 2, 1); data(mask) ==> [1; 4; 3; 6] What I wanted was [1 3; 4 6]. Yes I can just reshape it to the right size, but that seems the wrong way to do it. Is there a better way? Why doesn't data(mask) return a matrix when it is actually rectangular? I understand in the general case it may not be, but in my case since my original mask is an array it always will be. Corollary Thanks for the answer, I just also wanted to point out this also works with anything that returns a numeric index like ismember, sort, or unique. I used to take the second return value from sort and apply it to every column manually when you can use this notion to do it one shot.

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• Youtube API - How to limit results for pagination?

  - by worchyld

  I want to grab a user's uploads (ie: BBC) and limit the output to 10 per page. Whilst I can use the following URL: http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/bbc/uploads/?start-index=1&max-results=10 The above works okay. I want to use the query method instead: The Zend Framework docs: http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.gdata.youtube.html State that I can retrieve videos uploaded by a user, but ideally I want to use the query method to limit the results for a pagination. The query method is on the Zend framework docs (same page as before under the title 'Searching for videos by metadata') and is similar to this: [code] $yt = new Zend_Gdata_YouTube(); $query = $yt-newVideoQuery(); $query-setTime('today'); $query-setMaxResults(10); $videoFeed = $yt-getUserUploads( NULL, $query ); // Output print ''; foreach($videoFeed as $video): print '' . $video-title . ''; endforeach; print ''; [/code] The problem is I can't do $query-setUser('bbc'). I tried setAuthor but this returns a totally different result. Ideally, I want to use the query method to grab the results in a paginated fashion. How do I use the $query method to set my limits for pagination? Thanks.

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• WNetAddConnection2 in Windows 7 with Impersonation and no Error Code

  - by Adam Driscoll

  I'm doing some crazy impersonation stuff to get around UAC dialogs in Windows 7 so the user does not have to interact with the UI (I have the admin creds of course). I have a process running as the Administrator and elevated past UAC. The issue that I'm facing is that when I make a call to WNetAddConnection2, within this process, I am not getting a new mapped net drive. The function returns ERROR_SUCCESS but no net drive is visible. We have another method of adding network drives using 'subst' but this, again, returns successful does does not add a net drive. I have tried to use the default user (which is the Administrator because of process's security context) and I have tried using specific user credentials. I can map the drive just fine through Explorer. Of course the same functionality works fine in XP/2003. I haven't got around to testing on Vista because of issues with impersonation that are limiting my ability to spin up the process. Are there unique Windows 7 limits on this function? MSDN does not glean any that I can find. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• NHibernate query with Projections.Cast to DateTime

  - by stiank81

  I'm experimenting with using a string for storing different kind of data types in a database. When I do queries I need to cast the strings to the right type in the query itself. I'm using .Net with NHibernate, and was glad to learn that there exists functionality for this. Consider the simple class: public class Foo { public string Text { get; set; } } I successfully use Projections.Cast to cast to numeric values, e.g. the following query correctly returns all Foos with an interger stored as int - between 1-10. var result = Session.CreateCriteria<Foo>() .Add(Restrictions.Between(Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.Int32, Projections.Property("Text")), 1, 10)) .List<Foo>(); Now if I try using this for DateTime I'm not able to make it work no matter what I try. Why?! var date = new DateTime(2010, 5, 21, 11, 30, 00); AddFooToDb(new Foo { Text = date.ToString() } ); // Will add it to the database... var result = Session .CreateCriteria<Foo>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq(Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.DateTime, Projections.Property("Text")), date)) .List<Foo>();

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• Complex regex question, data may or may not be in brackets

  - by martinpetts

  I need to extract data from a source that presents it in one of two ways. The data could be formatted like this: Francis (Lab) 18,077 (60.05%); Waller (LD) 4,140 (13.75%); Evans (PC) 3,545 (11.78%); Rees-Mogg (C) 3,064 (10.18%); Wright (Veritas) 768 (2.55%); La Vey (Green) 510 (1.69%) Or like this: Lab 8,994 (33.00%); C 7,924 (29.07%); LD 5,197 (19.07%); PC 3,818 (14.01%); Others 517 (1.90%); Green 512 (1.88%); UKIP 296 (1.09%) The data I need to extract is the percentage and the party (these are election results), which is either in brackets (first example) or is the only non-numeric text. So far I have this: preg_match('/(.*)\(([^)]*)%\)/', $value, $match); Which is giving me the following matches (for first example): Array ( [0] => Francis (Lab) 18,077 (60.05%) [1] => Francis (Lab) 18,077 [2] => 60.05 ) So I have the percentage, but I also need the party label, which may or may not be in brackets and may or may not be the only text. Can anyone help?

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