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  • How to populate a private container for unit test?

    - by Sardathrion
    I have a class that defines a private (well, __container to be exact since it is python) container. I am using the information within said container as part of the logic of what the class does and have the ability to add/delete the elements of said container. For unit tests, I need to populate this container with some data. That date depends on the test done and thus putting it all in setUp() would be impractical and bloated -- plus it could add unwanted side effects. Since the data is private, I can only add things via the public interface of the object. This run codes that need not be run during a unit test and in some case is just a copy and paste from another test. Currently, I am mocking the whole container but somehow it does not feel that elegant a solution. Due to Python mocking frame work (mock), this requires the container to be public -- so I can use patch.dict(). I would rather keep that data private. What pattern can one use to still populate the containers without excising the public method so I have data to test with? Is there a way to do this with mock' patch.dict() that I missed?

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  • Missing subject field values in user certificate (Windows)

    - by nwang
    I am trying to enroll (on behalf of) a user certificate but certain fields appear to be missing in the subject field. Specifically, O and OU. Using ADSI, I see that the fields have the values I want but when I generate the certificate using Enroll on Behalf, certreq.exe, or certmgr.msc (run as different user) O does not appear at all and OU values are the AD containers the user account belongs to. This occurs despite my specifying the values in my .inf for certreq and setting the values in certificate properties when using certmgr.msc. Am I missing something or could I have configured something wrong? I am using an in internal CA.

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  • Setup IPv4 local on IPv6 VPS

    - by A.D.
    I have a dedicated server running multiple IPv6 only OpenVZ containers. I want them to be able to communicate with the IPv4 internet, but I realized that isn't going to be possible with IPv6 only. So they need to have an IPv4 address as well, not sure if a local address will work for it, but pretty sure it should. I added 169.254.1.100 in the container .conf file, but when I try to start it, I get this : Adding IP address(es): (the IPv6 address) 169.254.1.100 arpsend: 169.254.1.100 is detected on another computer : 00:04:9b:f2:b0:00 vps-net_add WARNING: arpsend -c 1 -w 1 -D -e 169.254.1.100 eth0 FAILED I did a lot of research, and searched serverfault before posting this, but found nothing relating to this.

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  • Move and clone VirtualBox machines with filesystem commands

    - by mit
    I know of 2 ways to clone a VirtualBox machine on a linux host, one is by using the VirtualBox gui and exporting and re-importing as Appliance (in the file menu of VirtualBox). The other is by cloning only the virtual disk containers: VBoxManage clonevdi source.vdi target.vdi (Taken from http://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?p=853#p858 ) I would have to create a new VM afterwards and use the cloned virtual disk. Is there a way I can just copy a virtual disk and the and do the rest by hand? I'd have to manually edit the ~/VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml and insert a new disk and a new machine: Can I just make up UUIDs or how would this work? I would very much prefer this hardcore method of doing things as it allows me to freely and rapdily backup, restore, move or clone machines. Or ist there a better way to do this?

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  • OOP Design: relationship between entity classes

    - by beginner_
    I have at first sight a simple issue but can't wrap my head around on how to solve. I have an abstract class Compound. A Compound is made up of Structures. Then there is also a Container which holds 1 Compound. A "special" implementation of Compound has Versions. For that type of Compound I want the Container to hold the Versionof the Compound and not the Compound itself. You could say "just create an interface Containable" and a Container holds 1 Containable. However that won't work. The reason is I'm creating a framework and the main part of that framework is to simplify storing and especially searching for special data type held by Structure objects. Hence to search for Containers which contain a Compound made up of a specific Structure requires that the "Path" from Containerto Structure is well defined (Number of relationships or joins). I hope this was understandable. My question is how to design the classes and relationships to be able to do what I outlined.

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  • Truecrypt on Linux (permission confusion)

    - by xcross
    I am pretty inexperienced with Linux... So please bare with me here. I keep running into permission problems when working with truecrypt on Linux. Currently, I run truecrypt as root to mount my encrypted devices and containers. This all works fine, but I have to interact with the mounted volumes in the terminal as root, and I can't seem to use many of my applications on the files... Either because they can't be run as root or I don't know how to use them from the terminal. This seems really inconvenient to me. How do people deal with this? Am I missing something, or is this just the way things have to be? I am on Fedora 17 (KDE spin) now but I have this trouble with any distro I try.

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  • Two IP ranges on eth1 configuration for centos 6.2

    - by Trickzzz
    i have a dedicated server, with "Virtuozzo" on it running VPS's. I have: eth0 - which is configured to the internal network, that one is fine. Now I have: eth1 - which has two ranges routed through this device. x.x.134.x (which has 12 IP's sequentially) x.x.132.x (which has 5) eth1: DEVICE="eth1" HWADDR="00:25:90:37:65:67" NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT="yes" IPADDR="x.x.134.x" NETMASK="255.255.255.240" GATEWAY="x.x.134.x" I tried using this with another file as well named "ifcfg-eth1:1" in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ any ideas why the containers on eth1:1 would not link up to the network? Virtuozzo also thinks that eth1:1 is the primary network now, which isn't right?

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  • How to keep track of user images when using a CDN? [closed]

    - by Programmer
    We are considering moving our user profile images from the local server to the Rackspace CDN (Cloud Files). However, how do you keep track of where each user's profile image is located on the CDN? Wouldn't you have to store the CDN URL for each user image in the local Database and query it every time you display a user image? Isn't that slower than accessing a user image directly on the local server which requires no such DB query to retrieve since you already know where it is stored based on the user's User ID? What if a user has an album of pics? How would you keep track of all those images that belong just to that one user? What about the order of those pics? In the case of the Rackspace CDN, we're looking at using a Container for each individual user to help keep things more logically organized, but we don't know what the best way to track all of it is since the CDN provides a seemingly random URL for each image. To make matters worse, you can't even delete a non-empty Container belonging to a user when they delete their account, you actually have to delete each object inside the Container one-by-one before deleting the Container itself. It doesn't end there, you can't even have nested Containers or "sub-folders", and you can't rename a file (you must copy it with a new name and delete the old one manually). It just sounds so incredibly more complicated then we thought it would be, and it certainly does not feel "intuitive" compared to local storage, so we don't know what to do. Please help.

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  • Unity The parameter host could not be resolved when attempting to call constructor

    - by Terrance
    When I attempt to instantiate my instance of the base class I get the error: a ResolutionFailedException with roughly the following error "The parameter host could not be resolved when attempting to call constructor" I'm currently not using an Interface for the base type and my instance of the class is inheriting the base type class. I'm new to Unity and DI so I'm thinking its something I forgot possibly. ExeConfigurationFileMap map = new ExeConfigurationFileMap(); map.ExeConfigFilename = "Unity.Config"; Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(map, ConfigurationUserLevel.None); UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)config.GetSection("unity"); IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer(); section.Containers.Default.Configure(container); //Throws exception here on this BaseCalculatorServer server = container.Resolve<BaseCalculatorServer>(); and the Unity.Config file <container> <types> <type name ="CalculatorServer" type="Calculator.Logic.BaseCalculatorServer, Calculator.Logic" mapTo="Calculator.Logic.CalculateApi, Calculator.Logic"/> </types> </container> </containers> The Base class using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Transactions; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using Calculator.Logic; namespace Calculator.Logic { public class BaseCalculatorServer : IDisposable { public BaseCalculatorServer(){} public CalculateDelegate Calculate { get; set; } public CalculationHistoryDelegate CalculationHistory { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources. /// </summary> public void Dispose() { this.Dispose(); } } } The Implementation using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Calculator.Logic; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Configuration; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace Calculator.Logic { public class CalculateApi:BaseCalculatorServer { public CalculateApi(ServiceHost host) { host.Open(); Console.WriteLine("Press Enter To Exit"); Console.ReadLine(); host.Close(); } public CalculateDelegate Calculate { get; set; } public CalculationHistoryDelegate CalculationHistory { get; set; } } } Yes both base class and implementation are in the same Namespace and thats something design wise that will change once I get this working. Oh and a more detailed error Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "Calculator.Logic.BaseCalculatorServer", name = "". Exception message is: The current build operation (build key Build Key[Calculator.Logic.BaseCalculatorServer, null]) failed: The value for the property "Calculate" could not be resolved. (Strategy type BuildPlanStrategy, index 3)

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  • Should we develop a custom membership provider in this case?

    - by Allen
    I'll be adding a bounty to this, probably 200, more if you guys think its appropriate. I wont accept an answer until I can add a bounty so feel free to go ahead and answer now Summary Long story short, we've been tasked with gutting the authentication and authorization parts of a fairly old and bloated asp.net application that previously had all of these components written from scratch. Since our application isn't a typical one, and none of us have experience in asp.net's built in membership provider stuff, we're not sure if we should roll our own authentication and authorization again or if we should try to work within the asp.net membership provider mindset and develop our own membership provider. Our Application We have a fairly old asp.net application that gets installed at customer locations to service clients on a LAN. Admins create users (users do not sign up) and depending on the install, we may have the software integrated with LDAP. Currently, the LDAP integration bulk-imports the users to our database and when they login, it authenticates against LDAP so we dont have to manage their passwords. Nothing amazing there. Admins can assign users to 1 group and they can change the authorization of that group to manage access to various parts of the software. Groups are maintained by Admins (web based UI) and as said earlier, granted / denied permissions to certain functionality within the application. All this was completely written from the ground up without using any of the built in .net authorization or authentication. We literally have IsLoggedIn() methods that check for login and redirect to our login page if they aren't. Our Rewrite We've been tasked to integrate more tightly with LDAP, they want us to tie groups in our application to groups (or whatever types of containers that LDAP uses) in LDAP so that when a customer opt's to use our LDAP integration, they dont have to manage their users in LDAP AND in our application. The new way, they will simply create users in LDAP, add them to Groups in LDAP and our application will see that they belong to the appropriate LDAP group and authenticate and authorize them. In addition, we've been granted the go ahead to completely rip out the User authentication and authorization code and completely re-do it. Our Problem The problem is that none of us have any experience with asp.net membership provider functionality. The little bit of exposure I have to it makes me worry that it was not intended to be used for an application such as ours. Though, developing our own ASP.NET Membership Provider and Role Manager sounds like it would be a great experience and most likely the appropriate thing to do. Basically, I'm looking for advice, should we be using the ASP.NET Membership provider & Role Management API or should we continue to roll our own? I know this decision will be influenced by our requirements so I'm going over them below Our Requirements Just a quick n dirty list Maintain the ability to have a db of users and authenticate them and give admins (only, not users) the ability to CRUD users Allow the site to integrate with LDAP, when this is chosen, they don't want any users stored in the DB, only the relationship between Groups as they exist in our app / db and the Groups/Containers as they exist in LDAP. .net 3.5 is being used (mix of asp.net webforms and asp.net mvc) Has to work in ASP.NET and ASP.NET MVC (shouldn't be a problem I'm guessing) This can't be user centric, administrators need to be the only ones that CRUD (or import via ldap) users and groups We have to be able to Auth via LDAP when its configured to do so I always try to monitor my questions closely so feel free to ask for more info. Also, as a general summary of what I'm looking for in an answer is just. "You should/shouldn't use xyz, here's why". Links regarding asp.net membership provider and role management stuff are very welcome, most of the stuff I'm finding is 5+ years old. Edit: Added some stuff to "Our Rewrite"

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  • Adding UL to jQuery UI Tabs

    - by Dave Kiss
    It seems like whenever I try to add a UL inside of the containers when using jQuery UI - Tabs, it breaks the javascript. Is there a way I can use a UL inside of these containers that I am missing? Thanks <div id="tabs"> <div id="fragment-1"> <h4>Pre-Press Requirements</h4> ? SAMPLE of final artwork with noted sizes. ? NATIVE FILES & High Resolution PDF preferred. Files must be created or saved to the listed accepted file formats. ? FONTS used in files need to be supplied in a separate folder marked "fonts". Please ensure all families (screen & printer) fonts are supplied for the job. ? IMAGES must be saved as CMYK and no less than 300dpi. NO RGB FILES! We prefer images to be TIF or EPS formats. If you are submitting artwork for spot color printing vector artwork is preferred. Your images should be supplied in a separate folder marked "links". This will ensure proper reproduction of your artwork. ? COLORS need to be clearly specified. Pantone (PMS) colors preferred. Please specify if job is to be printed CMYK, spot color, etc. ? BLEEDS should be no less than .25" ? PDF's should be High Resolution. Please include any spot colors or CMYK format for full color printing. NO RGB FILES! All bleeds should be included with trim marks. All fonts must be embedded or outlined. No "layered" PDF files. </div> <div id="fragment-2"> <p>Our presses are all capable of sizes up to 11" x 17" using spot color or full color.</p> </div> <div id="fragment-3"> <p>USA Quickprint has complete in house bindery to finish each job to meet your needs.</p> <ul> <li>Folding</li> <li>Scoring</li> <li>Perforation</li> <li>Drilling</li> <li>Shrink Wrap</li> <li>Trimming</li> <li>Collating</li> <li>Spiral Binding</li> <li>GBC Binding</li> <li>Padding</li> <li>Stapling</li> <li>Numbering</li> <li>Lamination</li> </ul> </div>

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  • Seemingly simple skinning problem in Flex4; style gives disco effect

    - by Cheradenine
    I'm doing something wrong, but I can't figure out what. Simple project in flex4, whereby I create a skinned combobox (fragments at end). If I turn on the 3 skin references (over-skin, up-skin, down-skin), the combobox appears to simply stop working. If I remove the up-skin, hovering over the combo produces a flickering effect, where it appears to apply the style, then remove it immediately. I get the same thing with a button instead of a combo. I'm sure it's something really simple, but it's evading me. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <s:Application xmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009" xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" xmlns:mx="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx" minWidth="955" minHeight="600" xmlns:containers="flexlib.containers.*"> <fx:Declarations> <!-- Place non-visual elements (e.g., services, value objects) here --> </fx:Declarations> <fx:Style> @namespace s "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark"; @namespace mx "library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx"; #myCombo { over-skin: ClassReference("nmx.MyComboSkin"); up-skin: ClassReference("nmx.MyComboSkin"); down-skin: ClassReference("nmx.MyComboSkin"); } </fx:Style> <fx:Script> <![CDATA[ [Bindable] public var items:Array = ["A","B","C"]; ]]> </fx:Script> <mx:Canvas backgroundColor="#ff0000" width="726" height="165" x="20" y="41"> <mx:ComboBox id="myCombo" x="10" y="10" prompt="Hospital" dataProvider="{items}"> </mx:ComboBox> </mx:Canvas> </s:Application> Skin Definition: package nmx { import flash.display.GradientType; import flash.display.Graphics; import mx.skins.Border; import mx.skins.ProgrammaticSkin; import mx.skins.halo.ComboBoxArrowSkin; import mx.skins.halo.HaloColors; import mx.utils.ColorUtil; public class MyComboSkin extends ProgrammaticSkin { public function MyComboSkin() { super(); } override protected function updateDisplayList(w:Number, h:Number):void { trace(name); super.updateDisplayList(w, h); var arrowColor:int = 0xffffff; var g:Graphics = graphics; g.clear(); // Draw the border and fill. switch (name) { case "upSkin": case "editableUpSkin": { g.moveTo(0,0); g.lineStyle(1,arrowColor); g.lineTo(w-1,0); g.lineTo(w-1,h-1); g.lineTo(0,h-1); g.lineTo(0,0); } break; case "overSkin": case "editableOverSkin": case "downSkin": case "editableDownSkin": { // border /*drawRoundRect( 0, 0, w, h, cr, [ themeColor, themeColor ], 1); */ g.moveTo(0,0); g.lineStyle(1,arrowColor); g.lineTo(w-1,0); g.lineTo(w-1,h-1); g.lineTo(0,h-1); g.lineTo(0,0); // Draw the triangle. g.beginFill(arrowColor); g.moveTo(w - 11.5, h / 2 + 3); g.lineTo(w - 15, h / 2 - 2); g.lineTo(w - 8, h / 2 - 2); g.lineTo(w - 11.5, h / 2 + 3); g.endFill(); } break; case "disabledSkin": case "editableDisabledSkin": { break; } } } } }

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  • complex css image centering help?

    - by Tenshiko
    My problem is a bit more complex than the title says. Sorry, I don't know how to be more specific... I'm working on a website and I came across a part where I should display some thumbnails. The thing is, the thumbnails are not matching in dimensions. (I know, it sounds ridiculous, since this is thumbnails are for, right?) No, there is simply NO WAY to create them in the same dimensions!! I've managed to create a HTML+CSS structure to fix this problem, and the images are not stretching to fit their containers if they are smaller while keeping their aspect ratio. The only issue remaining, is to center the images. Since setting margin to "0 auto" or "auto 0" are not helping, I've tried setting up multiple containers and setting the margins to position the images. This is also not working: if I put a 120x120 picture in a 120x80 inner container, and I set the container's top and left margin to -50%, the margins become -60px both. Can this be fixed? Or is there yet another way to center images? I'm open to any suggestions! HTML: <div id="roll"> <div class="imgfix"> <div class="outer"> <div class="inner"> @if (ImageDimensionHelper.WhereToAlignImg(item.Width, item.Height, 120, 82) == ImgAlign.Width) <!-- ImageDimensionHelper tells me if the image should fit the container with its width or height. I set the class of the img accordingly. --> { <img class="width" src="@Url.Content(item.URL)" alt="@item.Name"/> } else { <img class="height" src="@Url.Content(item.URL)" alt="@item.Name"/> } </div> </div> </div> </div> CSS: .imgfix{ overflow:hidden; } .imgfix .outer { width:100%; height:100%;} .imgfix .inner { width:100%; height:100%; margin-top:-50%; margin-left:-50%; } /*This div (.inner) gets -60px for both margins every time, regardless of the size of itself, or the image inside it*/ #roll .imgfix { width:120px; height:82px; border: 1px #5b91ba solid; } #roll .imgfix .outer { margin-top:41px; margin-left:60px; } /*since I know specificly what these margins should be, I set them explicitly, because 50% got the wrong size.*/ #roll .imgfix img.width { width:120px; height:auto; margin: auto 0; } #roll .imgfix img.height { height:82px; width:auto; margin: 0 auto; }

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  • form not identifying the new input fields generated through a javascript

    - by tibin mathew
    Hi, I am developing a site in php. i have some issues with my form i have to more than one software packages at a time. so i have used javascript to append file and a dropdown to my html. i have called ajs function to add the new input fields each time when i click a link. and its displaying correctly. but its not identifying in my action page. i cant take the value of new input fields which i have created through that javascript function. below is the code page which i have used. function addInput(divName){ var newsel= document.createElement('div'); newsel.innerHTML="Operating System: --Select OS--    bc_linux    Linux   Solaris   2000/XP/Vista   XP/Vista   2K/XP/Vista/W7   HP   Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip   Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe   X Server - 2.2M   Fonts - 32.9M"; document.getElementById(divName).appendChild(newsel); var newdiv = document.createElement('div'); newdiv.innerHTML = "Upload Software File: "; document.getElementById(divName).appendChild(newdiv); } <form action="act-add-software.php" method="post" onSubmit="return validate(this);" enctype="multipart/form-data">  Operating System:  Operating System: <select name="frm_os" class="text_area" style="width:200px"> <option value="">--Select OS--</option> <optgroup label="Spind Enabled"> </optgroup> <option value="bc_linux">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bc_linux</option> <optgroup label="Packages"> </optgroup> <option value="Linux">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux</option> <option value="Solaris">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Solaris</option> <option value="2000/XP/Vista">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2000/XP/Vista</option> <option value="XP/Vista">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XP/Vista</option> <option value="2K/XP/Vista/W7">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2K/XP/Vista/W7</option> <option value="HP">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HP</option> <option value="Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Windows 2000/XP/Vista zip</option> <option value="Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Windows 2000/XP/Vista exe</option> <option value="X Server - 2.2M">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X Server - 2.2M</option> <option value="Fonts - 32.9M">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fonts - 32.9M</option> </select> <a onClick="addInput('dynamicInput');">Add More Package</a> </td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr align="center" valign="middle" class="tbl_row1"> <td height="25" align="left" class="font1" width="156" bgcolor="White"><div align="right"> <?if(strstr($frm_server_side_error,'frm_software')){?> <font class="error"><b> <font color="#dd0000">*</font>&nbsp;Upload Software File: </font> <?}else{?> <font class="form_element"> <font color="#dd0000">*</font>&nbsp;Upload Software File: <?}?> </div> </B> </td> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center" style="padding-left:2px;"><input type="file" name="frm_image[]" class="text_area"> </td> <?if($frm_sfile !=""){?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center"></td> <?}else{?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: NOT Uploaded Yet) </td> <?}?> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div id="dynamicInput"> </div> </td> </tr> <? if(isset($_REQUEST['edit'])){?> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr align="center" valign="middle" class="tbl_row1"> <td height="25" align="left" class="font1" width="156" bgcolor="White"><div align="right">&nbsp;Upload Version TXT File: </div> </B> </td> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="right" style="padding-left:2px;"><input type="file" name="frm_version_txt" class="text_area"> </td> <?if($frm_vers_txt !=""){?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: <?echo $frm_vers_txt;?>) </td> <?}else{?> <td class="font1" bgcolor="White" align="center">&nbsp;(Current File: NOT Uploaded Yet) </td> <?}?> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <?}?> <tr><td colspan="2" height="5" ></td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" width="30%" style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;" colspan="2"><div align="left"><font color="#dd0000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</font> Asterisks denote required fields&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="2" height="5" ></td></tr> <tr> <td align="right" width="30%" style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;" colspan="2"><div align="left"><font color="#dd0000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font>Note: Only one software can be uploaded per Operating System for a particular version. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="5" ></td> </tr> <tr valign="middle" bgcolor="White"> <td nowrap colspan="2"><div align="center"> <table> <tr> <input type="hidden" name="like" value="<?=$sub_like?>"> <input type="hidden" name="offset" value="<?=$offset?>"> <input type="hidden" name="edit" value="<?=$faq_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="add" value="<?=$_REQUEST[add]?>"> <input type="hidden" name="ex_np_link" value="<?=$ex_np_link?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_group_show" value="<?=$frm_bc?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_pd_id" value="<?=$pdct_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="count_val" value="1" id="id_count"> <!-- <input type="hidden" name="frm_pdct" value="<?=$pdct_id?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_dname" value="<?=$frm_question?>"> <input type="hidden" name="frm_date_created" value="<?=$edit_created_date?>"> --> <input type="hidden" name="frm_txt_else" value="<?=$frm_vers_txt?>"> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> <th background="../admin_images/bg4.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row"></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="3%" background="../admin_images/bg8.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row">&nbsp;</th> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:5px;padding-bottom:1px;"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><div align="right"> <table border="0"> <tr> <td vAlign="right" title="Save">&nbsp; <input type="Image" src="./../admin_images/save.jpg" name="btn_submit" value="<?=$btn_value?>" onClick="return validate(this.form);"> </td> <td title="Cancel"><a href="manage-software.php?field_name=SUnq&sort_meth=<?=$sort_meth?>&like=<?=$sub_like?>&offset=<?=$offset?>&frm_group_show=<?=$frm_bc?>"><img src="./../admin_images/cancel.jpg" border="0" align="absmiddle"></a></td> <input type="hidden" name="like" value="<?=$sub_like?>"> <input type="hidden" name="offset" value="<?=$offset?>"> </tr> </table> </div></td> </tr> </table></td> <th background="../admin_images/bg4.jpg" style="background-repeat:repeat-y "scope="row"></th> </tr> </form> For the simplicity of viewing this code page i have included only required code lines please help me to solve this issue

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  • CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, April 01, 2010

    CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, April 01, 2010New ProjectsASP.NET Bing Maps: Extensible and easy to use, this is ASP.NET Bing Maps Control. Drag & Drop and is ready to go. You can configure map mode, map style, add a PushPin...Bricks' Bane: Bricks' Bane is a brick breaker game developed using XNA and published on XBox Live Indy Games. Source code includes a C# library useful for game d...cURL for dotnet: Another dotnet binding for libcurl see http://curl.haxx.se for more info about cURL/libcurlCustom Functoid que acessa o banco de dados SQL: Functoid para Biztalk Server 2006 utilizando dados do SQL Server 2005FEI STU Pharmacy e-shop: Elektronicky obchod s liekmi Vytvorte jednoduchú klient-server aplikáciu, ktorá bude realizovať elektronický obchod s liekmi. Moduly: 1. e-shop f...Flavours of Wix: Investigating building DSL's to create installers based on WIXFulcrum: Fulcrum is a code generation framework built on top of the T4 technology in Visual Studio. GreviousAngel: New team projectHabanero Inferno: Habanero Inferno coming soon.Kawo Pounga !: A useless game !!!LetsXNA!!: This is a project created by members of Linked In group Lets XNA!! to build a XNA game and have fun in the process. The goal is to build a simple ...Linq To Naver , Custom Linq Provider for Naver searchengine OpenAPI: <project name>Linq to Naver </project name> <programming language>C#, CSharp</programming language>LocoSync: LocoSync is a file Syncronization/Backup/Archiver program, which is easily extendable. It is easy to add new syncronization methods using C# code.Natural Language Processing: Natural Language ProcessingNop Commerce Azure: Ce projet vous permet de mettre en place rapidement et simplement votre site d'e-commerce en ligne en bénéficiant de tous les avantages de la plate...Nwinsock: Nwinsock is a component for network , Object Transfer, Pocket Compression, Support TCP,UDP Protocol, Thread Base OnTime: OnTime is a simple program from that matching game back in the day just to bring light to programming techniques. It's developed in C#.?OpenGL ES 2.0 Compact Framework Wrapper: OpenGL ES 2.0 wrapper for .NET Compact Framework. Developed on HTC HD 2 device but should run on any Windows Mobile device that has the correct lib...ortaknokta: bu proje: birkaç kişinin bir araya gelip, istedikleri konularda tartışma yapmalarına olanak saglamak icin hazırlanmaya çalışıl maktadır. P-Data: P-Data es una herramienta que permite obtener información procedente de archivos de datos (Data Profiling) a través de consultas SQL, automatizando...PowerAuras: Addon for World of Warcraft - Displays effects on screen at different conditionsPowerShell ToodleDo Module: PowerShell Module for interacting with toodledo.com online To-Do list site. RSS Reader for Windows Phone 7: This RSS Reader application for windows 7Streamlet Containers: This is my implement of STL-style containers, including a dynamic array, a double-linked list and an r-b-tree. Just for practice. Please feel free...Troav: Social encyclopedia built using c# and the Orchard frameworkUmbraco App_Code/Usercontrol Editor: Package for Umbraco to add App_Code and usercontrol editing to the Developer section of the Umbraco administration system. Will support GeSHi editi...Vczh Reactive Programming Library: Reactive programming library provide a stream or state machine view to use .NET eventsWhoIs XML API: The project uses the public WhoIs XML API service (http://www.whoisxmlapi.com/) to obtain detailed details. The project is written in C# and serial...WPF FlowDocument Examples for VS2008 and VS2010: WPF Text Samples (especially FlowDocument) on the various possible effects: sub- and super-script, ruby (a.k.a. furigana), and various others...You are here (for Windows Mobile): This sample shows you how to play a *.wav file on your device with Compact Framework 2.0. There is better support for playing music on Compact F...New Releases( λunula ): Lunula 0.4.0: Changelog Implemented a virtual machine. Implemented a compiler for the virtual machine. Added first-class continuations (call/cc) Removed co...Alter gear SQL index Management: Setup 1.0.1: Changes Test connection - successful message Connection string timeout property added Setup Project added to project source code Possible issu...ASP.NET Bing Maps: ASP.NET Bing Maps 0.1b: Project Description Extensible and easy to use, this is ASP.NET Bing Maps Control. Drag & Drop and is ready to go. You can configure map mode, map ...ASP.NET MVC Validation Library: ASP.NET MVC Validation Library 1.3: Changes since 1.2: - Support remote validation - Support custom server-side validation - The design of validation attribute is improved Note: test...BigDays 2010: HelfenHelfen - v1: PLEASE NOTE: This project is published under the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL). http://bigdays10.codeplex.com/license IT IS A DEMO SOLUTION FOR...Caps - Manage your collection!: Caps Console 0.1.4.0 Alpha: This is preview release (Alpha quality). This release contains only limited amount of fixes and new features from user point of view. Major focus f...CSharpQuery: Version 1.0: This version is stable. Please report any possible bugs. The next release will include a sample project and index management tools. Until then pl...Custom Functoid que acessa o banco de dados SQL: Custom Functoid SQL Server: Solução do Visual Studio com código fonte e script SQL do functoid em BiztalkDawf: Dual Audio Workflow: Beta 3: Suppose if two good audio events overlap in time with a videoevent of interest. (This can only happen if PluralEyes isn't used on everything). Befo...Dirac codec user interface: Dirac User Interface (checkin 37132): Same as 36795 version, but done with the last source code.DotNetNuke® Blog: 04.00.00 RC 3: PLEASE NOTE: You may upgrade an RC 2 install. But please do not upgrade previous version of the Beta releases - please start from RC 2 or 03.05.0...DotNetNuke® Skinning Extensions: SimpleTitle Skin Object: This is an example skin object that only renders the "page name" if used in a skin and the "module title" if used in a container. No extra spans, c...Fulcrum: Fulcrum v0.9: Initial release of FulcrumHelloTipi Photos Uploader: Version 2010.03.31: De toute petites corrections : - Correction du bouton envoyer - Impossible d'interagir avec l'application quand on uploadkdar: KDAR 0.0.18: KDAR - Kernel Debugger Anti Rootkit - dispacth table's signature bases updated ( many driver's) - scripts refactored - some bug fixedLegend: Legend Libraries: The latest release.Linq To Naver , Custom Linq Provider for Naver searchengine OpenAPI: Linq to Naver: Linq to NaverLive at Education Meta Web-Service: Live at Education Meta Web Service v. 1.0: We're happy to publish final version of Live at Education Meta Web Serivce (LAEMWS). In this release: Huge list of Windows Live ID enabled servic...Live@edu SSO WebPart for MOSS 2007: WebPart 2.0: This release is based on Live@edu Meta Web Service (laemws - http://laemws.codeplex.com). It is highly recomended to use laemws version of webpart,...LocoSync: LocoSync v0.1r2010.03.31 installer: This is the first public release. Unzip and run setup. Or if you have .net 3.5 runtime available download the exetutable and try...Natural Language Processing: test1: testNop Commerce Azure: Nop Commerce Azure: Nop Commerce Full Sources with additionnals Azure Projects.Nwinsock: NWinsock: Nwinsock version 1.0 is hereOpen NFe: DANFe v1.9.8: Correção CSTOpenGL ES 2.0 Compact Framework Wrapper: v0.1 Sources: First rough release. It has a working sample application which renders a triangle with rotation. Don't expect anything great. Just a very early ...patterns & practices - Windows Azure Guidance: Code Drop 3: Second iteration of a-Expense on Azure. This release builds on the previous one and mainly focuses on replacing SQL Azure by Table Storage. We hav...Posh4DNN: Posh4DNN Scripts 2.0: This release greatly increases the speed of installation and incorporates the use of IIS and SQL Server Snap-ins for managing those services. Inst...Process Enactment Tool Framework: PET 1.1: PET Core new intermediate model with arbitrary "clean" relations among objects and several updates of the object fields (see DependencyInterfacesA...Project Tru Tiên: Elements-test V1-fix (v1): Là Elements-test V1 đã được fix các vấn đề sau: - Fix lỗi hiển thị thú cưỡi Hổ Kỳ Lân - Fix hiển thị tab tiếng trung --> sang tiếng việt - Fix hiể...Sentinel - Log Viewer: Sentinel 0.8.1 (nLog support): Build of the 0.8.1 code (svn revision 36823) which included support for both nLog and log4net that has been in SVN for a while but didn't have a bi...sgMotion Animation Library: SgMotion v1.1 (For Sunburn 1.3.1): SgMotion v1.1 (For Sunburn 1.3.1) This release includes both a Windows & Xbox sample. The sample is set to default at Forward rendering, but can e...sTASKedit: sTASKedit 44538 (Developer Alpha): + nearly all fields are viewed in this release for task verification and identifying of unknownsTest Project (ignore): asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf sadf sdf asdf a: ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ;dlf jkasdf ;lkasjdf ...Test Project (ignore): cdscs: csdcacacTroav: Traov20100331 Source Pre-Alpah: This is some experiements with implementing custom modules with Microsoft's Orchard frame work. This is very preliminary, and subject to change.Weather Report WebControls: WebWeatherReport: 主要文件的源代码WhoIs XML API: Initial Release: Initial ReleaseYou are here (for Windows Mobile): CAB file and Source Code: You can find more Controls and samples for Windows Mobile developers at: http://www.beemobile4.netMost Popular ProjectshmrEngineRawrWBFS ManagerASP.NET Ajax LibraryMicrosoft SQL Server Product Samples: DatabaseSilverlight ToolkitAJAX Control ToolkitWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)ASP.NETLiveUpload to FacebookMost Active ProjectsRawrGraffiti CMSBase Class LibrariesjQuery Library for SharePoint Web ServicesBlogEngine.NETMicrosoft Biology FoundationN2 CMSLINQ to TwitterManaged Extensibility FrameworkFarseer Physics Engine

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  • CLSF & CLK 2013 Trip Report by Jeff Liu

    - by jamesmorris
    This is a contributed post from Jeff Liu, lead XFS developer for the Oracle mainline Linux kernel team. Recently, I attended both the China Linux Storage and Filesystem workshop (CLSF), and the China Linux Kernel conference (CLK), which were held in Shanghai. Here are the highlights for both events. CLSF - 17th October XFS update (led by Jeff Liu) XFS keeps rapid progress with a lot of changes, especially focused on the infrastructure/performance improvements as well as  new feature development.  This can be reflected with a sample statistics among XFS/Ext4+JBD2/Btrfs via: # git diff --stat --minimal -C -M v3.7..v3.12-rc4 -- fs/xfs|fs/ext4+fs/jbd2|fs/btrfs XFS: 141 files changed, 27598 insertions(+), 19113 deletions(-) Ext4+JBD2: 39 files changed, 10487 insertions(+), 5454 deletions(-) Btrfs: 70 files changed, 19875 insertions(+), 8130 deletions(-) What made up those changes in XFS? Self-describing metadata(CRC32c). This is a new feature and it contributed about 70% code changes, it can be enabled via `mkfs.xfs -m crc=1 /dev/xxx` for v5 superblock. Transaction log space reservation improvements. With this change, we can calculate the log space reservation at mount time rather than runtime to reduce the the CPU overhead. User namespace support. So both XFS and USERNS can be enabled on kernel configuration begin from Linux 3.10. Thanks Dwight Engen's efforts for this thing. Split project/group quota inodes. Originally, project quota can not be enabled with group quota at the same time because they were share the same quota file inode, now it works but only for v5 super block. i.e, CRC enabled. CONFIG_XFS_WARN, an new lightweight runtime debugger which can be deployed in production environment. Readahead log object recovery, this change can speed up the log replay progress significantly. Speculative preallocation inode tracking, clearing and throttling. The main purpose is to deal with inodes with post-EOF space due to speculative preallocation, support improved quota management to free up a significant amount of unwritten space when at or near EDQUOT. It support backgroup scanning which occurs on a longish interval(5 mins by default, tunable), and on-demand scanning/trimming via ioctl(2). Bitter arguments ensued from this session, especially for the comparison between Ext4 and Btrfs in different areas, I have to spent a whole morning of the 1st day answering those questions. We basically agreed on XFS is the best choice in Linux nowadays because: Stable, XFS has a good record in stability in the past 10 years. Fengguang Wu who lead the 0-day kernel test project also said that he has observed less error than other filesystems in the past 1+ years, I own it to the XFS upstream code reviewer, they always performing serious code review as well as testing. Good performance for large/small files, XFS does not works very well for small files has already been an old story for years. Best choice (maybe) for distributed PB filesystems. e.g, Ceph recommends delopy OSD daemon on XFS because Ext4 has limited xattr size. Best choice for large storage (>16TB). Ext4 does not support a single file more than around 15.95TB. Scalability, any objection to XFS is best in this point? :) XFS is better to deal with transaction concurrency than Ext4, why? The maximum size of the log in XFS is 2038MB compare to 128MB in Ext4. Misc. Ext4 is widely used and it has been proved fast/stable in various loads and scenarios, XFS just need more customers, and Btrfs is still on the road to be a manhood. Ceph Introduction (Led by Li Wang) This a hot topic.  Li gave us a nice introduction about the design as well as their current works. Actually, Ceph client has been included in Linux kernel since 2.6.34 and supported by Openstack since Folsom but it seems that it has not yet been widely deployment in production environment. Their major work is focus on the inline data support to separate the metadata and data storage, reduce the file access time, i.e, a file access need communication twice, fetch the metadata from MDS and then get data from OSD, and also, the small file access is limited by the network latency. The solution is, for the small files they would like to store the data at metadata so that when accessing a small file, the metadata server can push both metadata and data to the client at the same time. In this way, they can reduce the overhead of calculating the data offset and save the communication to OSD. For this feature, they have only run some small scale testing but really saw noticeable improvements. Test environment: Intel 2 CPU 12 Core, 64GB RAM, Ubuntu 12.04, Ceph 0.56.6 with 200GB SATA disk, 15 OSD, 1 MDS, 1 MON. The sequence read performance for 1K size files improved about 50%. I have asked Li and Zheng Yan (the core developer of Ceph, who also worked on Btrfs) whether Ceph is really stable and can be deployed at production environment for large scale PB level storage, but they can not give a positive answer, looks Ceph even does not spread over Dreamhost (subject to confirmation). From Li, they only deployed Ceph for a small scale storage(32 nodes) although they'd like to try 6000 nodes in the future. Improve Linux swap for Flash storage (led by Shaohua Li) Because of high density, low power and low price, flash storage (SSD) is a good candidate to partially replace DRAM. A quick answer for this is using SSD as swap. But Linux swap is designed for slow hard disk storage, so there are a lot of challenges to efficiently use SSD for swap. SWAPOUT swap_map scan swap_map is the in-memory data structure to track swap disk usage, but it is a slow linear scan. It will become a bottleneck while finding many adjacent pages in the use of SSD. Shaohua Li have changed it to a cluster(128K) list, resulting in O(1) algorithm. However, this apporoach needs restrictive cluster alignment and only enabled for SSD. IO pattern In most cases, the swap io is in interleaved pattern because of mutiple reclaimers or a free cluster is shared by all reclaimers. Even though block layer can merge interleaved IO to some extent, but we cannot count on it completely. Hence the per-cpu cluster is added base on the previous change, it can help reclaimer do sequential IO and the block layer will be easier to merge IO. TLB flush: If we're reclaiming one active page, we should first move the page from active lru list to inactive lru list, and then reclaim the page from inactive lru to swap it out. During the process, we need to clear PTE twice: first is 'A'(ACCESS) bit, second is 'P'(PRESENT) bit. Processors need to send lots of ipi which make the TLB flush really expensive. Some works have been done to improve this, including rework smp_call_functiom_many() or remove the first TLB flush in x86, but there still have some arguments here and only parts of works have been pushed to mainline. SWAPIN: Page fault does iodepth=1 sync io, but it's a little waste if only issue a page size's IO. The obvious solution is doing swap readahead. But the current in-kernel swap readahead is arbitary(always 8 pages), and it always doesn't perform well for both random and sequential access workload. Shaohua introduced a new flag for madvise(MADV_WILLNEED) to do swap prefetch, so the changes happen in userspace API and leave the in-kernel readahead unchanged(but I think some improvement can also be done here). SWAP discard As we know, discard is important for SSD write throughout, but the current swap discard implementation is synchronous. He changed it to async discard which allow discard and write run in the same time. Meanwhile, the unit of discard is also optimized to cluster. Misc: lock contention For many concurrent swapout and swapin , the lock contention such as anon_vma or swap_lock is high, so he changed the swap_lock to a per-swap lock. But there still have some lock contention in very high speed SSD because of swapcache address_space lock. Zproject (led by Bob Liu) Bob gave us a very nice introduction about the current memory compression status. Now there are 3 projects(zswap/zram/zcache) which all aim at smooth swap IO storm and promote performance, but they all have their own pros and cons. ZSWAP It is implemented based on frontswap API and it uses a dynamic allocater named Zbud to allocate free pages. Zbud means pairs of zpages are "buddied" and it can only store at most two compressed pages in one page frame, so the max compress ratio is 50%. Each page frame is lru-linked and can do shink in memory pressure. If the compressed memory pool reach its limitation, shink or reclaim happens. It decompress the page frame into two new allocated pages and then write them to real swap device, but it can fail when allocating the two pages. ZRAM Acts as a compressed ramdisk and used as swap device, and it use zsmalloc as its allocator which has high density but may have fragmentation issues. Besides, page reclaim is hard since it will need more pages to uncompress and free just one page. ZRAM is preferred by embedded system which may not have any real swap device. Now both ZRAM and ZSWAP are in driver/staging tree, and in the mm community there are some disscussions of merging ZRAM into ZSWAP or viceversa, but no agreement yet. ZCACHE Handles file page compression but it is removed out of staging recently. From industry (led by Tang Jie, LSI) An LSI engineer introduced several new produces to us. The first is raid5/6 cards that it use full stripe writes to improve performance. The 2nd one he introduced is SandForce flash controller, who can understand data file types (data entropy) to reduce write amplification (WA) for nearly all writes. It's called DuraWrite and typical WA is 0.5. What's more, if enable its Dynamic Logical Capacity function module, the controller can do data compression which is transparent to upper layer. LSI testing shows that with this virtual capacity enables 1x TB drive can support up to 2x TB capacity, but the application must monitor free flash space to maintain optimal performance and to guard against free flash space exhaustion. He said the most useful application is for datebase. Another thing I think it's worth to mention is that a NV-DRAM memory in NMR/Raptor which is directly exposed to host system. Applications can directly access the NV-DRAM via a memory address - using standard system call mmap(). He said that it is very useful for database logging now. This kind of NVM produces are beginning to appear in recent years, and it is said that Samsung is building a research center in China for related produces. IMHO, NVM will bring an effect to current os layer especially on file system, e.g. its journaling may need to redesign to fully utilize these nonvolatile memory. OCFS2 (led by Canquan Shen) Without a doubt, HuaWei is the biggest contributor to OCFS2 in the past two years. They have posted 46 upstream patches and 39 patches have been merged. Their current project is based on 32/64 nodes cluster, but they also tried 128 nodes at the experimental stage. The major work they are working is to support ATS (atomic test and set), it can be works with DLM at the same time. Looks this idea is inspired by the vmware VMFS locking, i.e, http://blogs.vmware.com/vsphere/2012/05/vmfs-locking-uncovered.html CLK - 18th October 2013 Improving Linux Development with Better Tools (Andi Kleen) This talk focused on how to find/solve bugs along with the Linux complexity growing. Generally, we can do this with the following kind of tools: Static code checkers tools. e.g, sparse, smatch, coccinelle, clang checker, checkpatch, gcc -W/LTO, stanse. This can help check a lot of things, simple mistakes, complex problems, but the challenges are: some are very slow, false positives, may need a concentrated effort to get false positives down. Especially, no static checker I found can follow indirect calls (“OO in C”, common in kernel): struct foo_ops { int (*do_foo)(struct foo *obj); } foo->do_foo(foo); Dynamic runtime checkers, e.g, thread checkers, kmemcheck, lockdep. Ideally all kernel code would come with a test suite, then someone could run all the dynamic checkers. Fuzzers/test suites. e.g, Trinity is a great tool, it finds many bugs, but needs manual model for each syscall. Modern fuzzers around using automatic feedback, but notfor kernel yet: http://taviso.decsystem.org/making_software_dumber.pdf Debuggers/Tracers to understand code, e.g, ftrace, can dump on events/oops/custom triggers, but still too much overhead in many cases to run always during debug. Tools to read/understand source, e.g, grep/cscope work great for many cases, but do not understand indirect pointers (OO in C model used in kernel), give us all “do_foo” instances: struct foo_ops { int (*do_foo)(struct foo *obj); } = { .do_foo = my_foo }; foo>do_foo(foo); That would be great to have a cscope like tool that understands this based on types/initializers XFS: The High Performance Enterprise File System (Jeff Liu) [slides] I gave a talk for introducing the disk layout, unique features, as well as the recent changes.   The slides include some charts to reflect the performances between XFS/Btrfs/Ext4 for small files. About a dozen users raised their hands when I asking who has experienced with XFS. I remembered that when I asked the same question in LinuxCon/Japan, only 3 people raised their hands, but they are Chris Mason, Ric Wheeler, and another attendee. The attendee questions were mainly focused on stability, and comparison with other file systems. Linux Containers (Feng Gao) The speaker introduced us that the purpose for those kind of namespaces, include mount/UTS/IPC/Network/Pid/User, as well as the system API/ABI. For the userspace tools, He mainly focus on the Libvirt LXC rather than us(LXC). Libvirt LXC is another userspace container management tool, implemented as one type of libvirt driver, it can manage containers, create namespace, create private filesystem layout for container, Create devices for container and setup resources controller via cgroup. In this talk, Feng also mentioned another two possible new namespaces in the future, the 1st is the audit, but not sure if it should be assigned to user namespace or not. Another is about syslog, but the question is do we really need it? In-memory Compression (Bob Liu) Same as CLSF, a nice introduction that I have already mentioned above. Misc There were some other talks related to ACPI based memory hotplug, smart wake-affinity in scheduler etc., but my head is not big enough to record all those things. -- Jeff Liu

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  • C#/.NET Fundamentals: Choosing the Right Collection Class

    - by James Michael Hare
    The .NET Base Class Library (BCL) has a wide array of collection classes at your disposal which make it easy to manage collections of objects. While it's great to have so many classes available, it can be daunting to choose the right collection to use for any given situation. As hard as it may be, choosing the right collection can be absolutely key to the performance and maintainability of your application! This post will look at breaking down any confusion between each collection and the situations in which they excel. We will be spending most of our time looking at the System.Collections.Generic namespace, which is the recommended set of collections. The Generic Collections: System.Collections.Generic namespace The generic collections were introduced in .NET 2.0 in the System.Collections.Generic namespace. This is the main body of collections you should tend to focus on first, as they will tend to suit 99% of your needs right up front. It is important to note that the generic collections are unsynchronized. This decision was made for performance reasons because depending on how you are using the collections its completely possible that synchronization may not be required or may be needed on a higher level than simple method-level synchronization. Furthermore, concurrent read access (all writes done at beginning and never again) is always safe, but for concurrent mixed access you should either synchronize the collection or use one of the concurrent collections. So let's look at each of the collections in turn and its various pros and cons, at the end we'll summarize with a table to help make it easier to compare and contrast the different collections. The Associative Collection Classes Associative collections store a value in the collection by providing a key that is used to add/remove/lookup the item. Hence, the container associates the value with the key. These collections are most useful when you need to lookup/manipulate a collection using a key value. For example, if you wanted to look up an order in a collection of orders by an order id, you might have an associative collection where they key is the order id and the value is the order. The Dictionary<TKey,TVale> is probably the most used associative container class. The Dictionary<TKey,TValue> is the fastest class for associative lookups/inserts/deletes because it uses a hash table under the covers. Because the keys are hashed, the key type should correctly implement GetHashCode() and Equals() appropriately or you should provide an external IEqualityComparer to the dictionary on construction. The insert/delete/lookup time of items in the dictionary is amortized constant time - O(1) - which means no matter how big the dictionary gets, the time it takes to find something remains relatively constant. This is highly desirable for high-speed lookups. The only downside is that the dictionary, by nature of using a hash table, is unordered, so you cannot easily traverse the items in a Dictionary in order. The SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> is similar to the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> in usage but very different in implementation. The SortedDictionary<TKey,TValye> uses a binary tree under the covers to maintain the items in order by the key. As a consequence of sorting, the type used for the key must correctly implement IComparable<TKey> so that the keys can be correctly sorted. The sorted dictionary trades a little bit of lookup time for the ability to maintain the items in order, thus insert/delete/lookup times in a sorted dictionary are logarithmic - O(log n). Generally speaking, with logarithmic time, you can double the size of the collection and it only has to perform one extra comparison to find the item. Use the SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> when you want fast lookups but also want to be able to maintain the collection in order by the key. The SortedList<TKey,TValue> is the other ordered associative container class in the generic containers. Once again SortedList<TKey,TValue>, like SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue>, uses a key to sort key-value pairs. Unlike SortedDictionary, however, items in a SortedList are stored as an ordered array of items. This means that insertions and deletions are linear - O(n) - because deleting or adding an item may involve shifting all items up or down in the list. Lookup time, however is O(log n) because the SortedList can use a binary search to find any item in the list by its key. So why would you ever want to do this? Well, the answer is that if you are going to load the SortedList up-front, the insertions will be slower, but because array indexing is faster than following object links, lookups are marginally faster than a SortedDictionary. Once again I'd use this in situations where you want fast lookups and want to maintain the collection in order by the key, and where insertions and deletions are rare. The Non-Associative Containers The other container classes are non-associative. They don't use keys to manipulate the collection but rely on the object itself being stored or some other means (such as index) to manipulate the collection. The List<T> is a basic contiguous storage container. Some people may call this a vector or dynamic array. Essentially it is an array of items that grow once its current capacity is exceeded. Because the items are stored contiguously as an array, you can access items in the List<T> by index very quickly. However inserting and removing in the beginning or middle of the List<T> are very costly because you must shift all the items up or down as you delete or insert respectively. However, adding and removing at the end of a List<T> is an amortized constant operation - O(1). Typically List<T> is the standard go-to collection when you don't have any other constraints, and typically we favor a List<T> even over arrays unless we are sure the size will remain absolutely fixed. The LinkedList<T> is a basic implementation of a doubly-linked list. This means that you can add or remove items in the middle of a linked list very quickly (because there's no items to move up or down in contiguous memory), but you also lose the ability to index items by position quickly. Most of the time we tend to favor List<T> over LinkedList<T> unless you are doing a lot of adding and removing from the collection, in which case a LinkedList<T> may make more sense. The HashSet<T> is an unordered collection of unique items. This means that the collection cannot have duplicates and no order is maintained. Logically, this is very similar to having a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> where the TKey and TValue both refer to the same object. This collection is very useful for maintaining a collection of items you wish to check membership against. For example, if you receive an order for a given vendor code, you may want to check to make sure the vendor code belongs to the set of vendor codes you handle. In these cases a HashSet<T> is useful for super-quick lookups where order is not important. Once again, like in Dictionary, the type T should have a valid implementation of GetHashCode() and Equals(), or you should provide an appropriate IEqualityComparer<T> to the HashSet<T> on construction. The SortedSet<T> is to HashSet<T> what the SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> is to Dictionary<TKey,TValue>. That is, the SortedSet<T> is a binary tree where the key and value are the same object. This once again means that adding/removing/lookups are logarithmic - O(log n) - but you gain the ability to iterate over the items in order. For this collection to be effective, type T must implement IComparable<T> or you need to supply an external IComparer<T>. Finally, the Stack<T> and Queue<T> are two very specific collections that allow you to handle a sequential collection of objects in very specific ways. The Stack<T> is a last-in-first-out (LIFO) container where items are added and removed from the top of the stack. Typically this is useful in situations where you want to stack actions and then be able to undo those actions in reverse order as needed. The Queue<T> on the other hand is a first-in-first-out container which adds items at the end of the queue and removes items from the front. This is useful for situations where you need to process items in the order in which they came, such as a print spooler or waiting lines. So that's the basic collections. Let's summarize what we've learned in a quick reference table.  Collection Ordered? Contiguous Storage? Direct Access? Lookup Efficiency Manipulate Efficiency Notes Dictionary No Yes Via Key Key: O(1) O(1) Best for high performance lookups. SortedDictionary Yes No Via Key Key: O(log n) O(log n) Compromise of Dictionary speed and ordering, uses binary search tree. SortedList Yes Yes Via Key Key: O(log n) O(n) Very similar to SortedDictionary, except tree is implemented in an array, so has faster lookup on preloaded data, but slower loads. List No Yes Via Index Index: O(1) Value: O(n) O(n) Best for smaller lists where direct access required and no ordering. LinkedList No No No Value: O(n) O(1) Best for lists where inserting/deleting in middle is common and no direct access required. HashSet No Yes Via Key Key: O(1) O(1) Unique unordered collection, like a Dictionary except key and value are same object. SortedSet Yes No Via Key Key: O(log n) O(log n) Unique ordered collection, like SortedDictionary except key and value are same object. Stack No Yes Only Top Top: O(1) O(1)* Essentially same as List<T> except only process as LIFO Queue No Yes Only Front Front: O(1) O(1) Essentially same as List<T> except only process as FIFO   The Original Collections: System.Collections namespace The original collection classes are largely considered deprecated by developers and by Microsoft itself. In fact they indicate that for the most part you should always favor the generic or concurrent collections, and only use the original collections when you are dealing with legacy .NET code. Because these collections are out of vogue, let's just briefly mention the original collection and their generic equivalents: ArrayList A dynamic, contiguous collection of objects. Favor the generic collection List<T> instead. Hashtable Associative, unordered collection of key-value pairs of objects. Favor the generic collection Dictionary<TKey,TValue> instead. Queue First-in-first-out (FIFO) collection of objects. Favor the generic collection Queue<T> instead. SortedList Associative, ordered collection of key-value pairs of objects. Favor the generic collection SortedList<T> instead. Stack Last-in-first-out (LIFO) collection of objects. Favor the generic collection Stack<T> instead. In general, the older collections are non-type-safe and in some cases less performant than their generic counterparts. Once again, the only reason you should fall back on these older collections is for backward compatibility with legacy code and libraries only. The Concurrent Collections: System.Collections.Concurrent namespace The concurrent collections are new as of .NET 4.0 and are included in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace. These collections are optimized for use in situations where multi-threaded read and write access of a collection is desired. The concurrent queue, stack, and dictionary work much as you'd expect. The bag and blocking collection are more unique. Below is the summary of each with a link to a blog post I did on each of them. ConcurrentQueue Thread-safe version of a queue (FIFO). For more information see: C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentStack and ConcurrentQueue ConcurrentStack Thread-safe version of a stack (LIFO). For more information see: C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentStack and ConcurrentQueue ConcurrentBag Thread-safe unordered collection of objects. Optimized for situations where a thread may be bother reader and writer. For more information see: C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentBag and BlockingCollection ConcurrentDictionary Thread-safe version of a dictionary. Optimized for multiple readers (allows multiple readers under same lock). For more information see C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentDictionary BlockingCollection Wrapper collection that implement producers & consumers paradigm. Readers can block until items are available to read. Writers can block until space is available to write (if bounded). For more information see C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentBag and BlockingCollection Summary The .NET BCL has lots of collections built in to help you store and manipulate collections of data. Understanding how these collections work and knowing in which situations each container is best is one of the key skills necessary to build more performant code. Choosing the wrong collection for the job can make your code much slower or even harder to maintain if you choose one that doesn’t perform as well or otherwise doesn’t exactly fit the situation. Remember to avoid the original collections and stick with the generic collections.  If you need concurrent access, you can use the generic collections if the data is read-only, or consider the concurrent collections for mixed-access if you are running on .NET 4.0 or higher.   Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Collecitons,Generic,Concurrent,Dictionary,List,Stack,Queue,SortedList,SortedDictionary,HashSet,SortedSet

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  • Project Management Helps AmeriCares Deliver International Aid

    - by Sylvie MacKenzie, PMP
    Excerpt from PROFIT - ORACLE - by Alison Weiss Handle with Care Sound project management helps AmeriCares bring international aid to those in need. The stakes are always high for AmeriCares. On a mission to restore health and save lives during times of disaster, the nonprofit international relief and humanitarian aid organization delivers donated medicines, medical supplies, and humanitarian aid to people in the U.S. and around the globe. Founded in 1982 with the express mission of responding as quickly and efficiently as possible to help people in need, the Stamford, Connecticut-based AmeriCares has delivered more than US$10.5 billion in aid to 147 countries over the past three decades. Launch the Slideshow “It’s critically important to us that we steward all the donations and that the medical supplies and medicines get to people as quickly as possible with no loss,” says Kate Sears, senior vice president for finance and technology at AmeriCares. “Whether we’re shipping IV solutions to victims of cholera in Haiti or antibiotics to Somali famine victims, we need to get the medicines there sooner because it means more people will be helped and lives improved or even saved.” Ten years ago, the tracking systems used by AmeriCares associates were paper-based. In recent years, staff started using spreadsheets, but the tracking processes were not standardized between teams. “Every team was tracking completely different information,” says Megan McDermott, senior associate, Sub-Saharan Africa partnerships, at AmeriCares. “It was just a few key things. For example, we tracked the date a shipment was supposed to arrive and the date we got reports from our partner that a hospital received aid on their end.” While the data was accurate, much detail was being lost in the process. AmeriCares management knew it could do a better job of tracking this enterprise data and in 2011 took a significant step by implementing Oracle’s Primavera P6 Professional Project Management. “It’s a comprehensive solution that has helped us improve the monitoring and controlling processes. It has allowed us to do our distribution better,” says Sears. In addition, the implementation effort has been a change agent, helping AmeriCares leadership rethink project management across the entire organization. Initially, much of the focus was on standardizing processes, but staff members also learned the importance of thinking proactively to prevent possible problems and evaluating results to determine if goals and objectives are truly being met. Such data about process efficiency and overall results is critical not only to AmeriCares staff but also to the donors supporting the organization’s life-saving missions. Efficiency Saves Lives One of AmeriCares’ core operations is to gather product donations from the private sector, establish where the most-urgent needs are, and solicit monetary support to send the aid via ocean cargo or airlift to welfare- and health-oriented nongovernmental organizations, hospitals, health networks, and government ministries based in areas in need. In 2011 alone, AmeriCares sent more than 3,500 shipments to 95 countries in response to both ongoing humanitarian needs and more than two dozen emergencies, including deadly tornadoes and storms in the U.S. and the devastating tsunami in Japan. When it comes to nonprofits in general, donors want to know that the charitable organizations they support are using funds wisely. Typically, nonprofits are evaluated by donors in terms of efficiency, an area where AmeriCares has an excellent reputation: 98 percent of expenses go directly to supporting programs and less than 2 percent represent administrative and fundraising costs. Donors, however, should look at more than simple efficiency, says Peter York, senior partner and chief research and learning officer at TCC Group, a nonprofit consultancy headquartered in New York, New York. They should also look at whether organizations have the systems in place to sustain their missions and continue to thrive. An expert on nonprofit organizational management, York has spent years studying sustainable charitable organizations. He defines them as nonprofits that are able to achieve the ongoing financial support to stay relevant and continue doing core mission work. In his analysis of well over 2,500 larger nonprofits, York has found that many are not sustaining, and are actually scaling back in size. “One of the biggest challenges of nonprofit sustainability is the general public’s perception that every dollar donated has to go only to the delivery of service,” says York. “What our data shows is that there are some fundamental capacities that have to be there in order for organizations to sustain and grow.” York’s research highlights the importance of data-driven leadership at successful nonprofits. “You’ve got to have the tools, the systems, and the technologies to get objective information on what you do, the people you serve, and the results you’re achieving,” says York. “If leaders don’t have the knowledge and the data, they can’t make the strategic decisions about programs to take organizations to the next level.” Historically, AmeriCares associates have used time-tested and cost-effective strategies to ship and then track supplies from donation to delivery to their destinations in designated time frames. When disaster strikes, AmeriCares ships by air and generally pulls out all the stops to deliver the most urgently needed aid within the first few days and weeks. Then, as situations stabilize, AmeriCares turns to delivering sea containers for the postemergency and ongoing aid so often needed over the long term. According to McDermott, getting a shipment out the door is fairly complicated, requiring as many as five different AmeriCares teams collaborating together. The entire process can take months—from when products are received in the warehouse and deciding which recipients to allocate supplies to, to getting customs and governmental approvals in place, actually shipping products, and finally ensuring that the products are received in-country. Delivering that aid is no small affair. “Our volume exceeds half a billion dollars a year worth of donated medicines and medical supplies, so it’s a sizable logistical operation to bring these products in and get them out to the right place quickly to have the most impact,” says Sears. “We really pride ourselves on our controls and efficiencies.” Adding to that complexity is the fact that the longer it takes to deliver aid, the more dire the human need can be. Any time AmeriCares associates can shave off the complicated aid delivery process can translate into lives saved. “It’s really being able to track information consistently that will help us to see where are the bottlenecks and where can we work on improving our processes,” says McDermott. Setting a Standard Productivity and information management improvements were key objectives for AmeriCares when staff began the process of implementing Oracle’s Primavera solution. But before configuring the software, the staff needed to take the time to analyze the systems already in place. According to Greg Loop, manager of database systems at AmeriCares, the organization received guidance from several consultants, including Rich D’Addario, consulting project manager in the Primavera Global Business Unit at Oracle, who was instrumental in shepherding the critical requirements-gathering phase. D’Addario encouraged staff to begin documenting shipping processes by considering the order in which activities occur and which ones are dependent on others to get accomplished. This exercise helped everyone realize that to be more efficient, they needed to keep track of shipments in a more standard way. “The staff didn’t recognize formal project management methodology,” says D’Addario. “But they did understand what the most important things are and that if they go wrong, an entire project can go off course.” Before, if a boatload of supplies was being sent to Haiti and there was a problem somewhere, a lot of time was taken up finding out where the problem was—because staff was not tracking things in a standard way. As a result, even more time was needed to find possible solutions to the problem and alert recipients that the aid might be delayed. “For everyone to put on the project manager hat and standardize the way every single thing is done means that now the whole organization is on the same page as to what needs to occur from the time a hurricane hits Haiti and when a boat pulls in to unload supplies,” says D’Addario. With so much care taken to put a process foundation firmly in place, configuring the Primavera solution was actually quite simple. Specific templates were set up for different types of shipments, and dashboards were implemented to provide executives with clear overviews of every project in the system. AmeriCares’ Loop reports that system planning, refining, and testing, followed by writing up documentation and training, took approximately four months. The system went live in spring 2011 at AmeriCares’ Connecticut headquarters. While the nonprofit has an international presence, with warehouses in Europe and offices in Haiti, India, Japan, and Sri Lanka, most donated medicines come from U.S. entities and are shipped from the U.S. out to the rest of the world. In addition, all shipments are tracked from the U.S. office. AmeriCares doesn’t expect the Primavera system to take months off the shipping time, especially for sea containers. However, any time saved is still important because it will allow aid to be delivered to people more quickly at a lower overall cost. “If we can trim a day or two here or there, that can translate into lives that we’re saving, especially in emergency situations,” says Sears. A Cultural Change Beyond the measurable benefits that come with IT-driven process improvement, AmeriCares management is seeing a change in culture as a result of the Primavera project. One change has been treating every shipment of aid as a project, and everyone involved with facilitating shipments as a project manager. “This is a revolutionary concept for us,” says McDermott. “Before, we were used to thinking we were doing logistics—getting a container from point A to point B without looking at it as one project and really understanding what it meant to manage it.” AmeriCares staff is also happy to report that collaboration within the organization is much more efficient. When someone creates a shipment in the Primavera system, the same shared template is used, which means anyone can log in to the system to see the status of a shipment. Knowledgeable staff can access a shipment project to help troubleshoot a problem. Management can easily check the status of projects across the organization. “Dashboards are really useful,” says McDermott. “Instead of going into the details of each project, you can just see the high-level real-time information at a glance.” The new system is helping team members focus on proactively managing shipments rather than simply reacting when problems occur. For example, when a container is shipped, documents must be included for customs clearance. Now, the shipping template has built-in reminders to prompt team members to ask for copies of these documents from freight forwarders and to follow up with partners to discover if a shipment is on time. In the past, staff may not have worked on securing these documents until they’d been notified a shipment had arrived in-country. Another benefit of capturing and adopting best practices within the Primavera system is that staff training is easier. “Capturing the processes in documented steps and milestones allows us to teach new staff members how to do their jobs faster,” says Sears. “It provides them with the knowledge of their predecessors so they don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel.” With the Primavera system already generating positive results, management is eager to take advantage of advanced capabilities. Loop is working on integrating the company’s proprietary inventory management system with the Primavera system so that when logistics or warehousing operators input data, the information will automatically go into the Primavera system. In the past, this information had to be manually keyed into spreadsheets, often leading to errors. Mining Historical Data Another feature on the horizon for AmeriCares is utilizing Primavera P6 Professional Project Management reporting capabilities. As the system begins to include more historical data, management soon will be able to draw on this information to conduct analysis that has not been possible before and create customized reports. For example, at the beginning of the shipment process, staff will be able to use historical data to more accurately estimate how long the approval process should take for a particular country. This could help ensure that food and medicine with limited shelf lives do not get stuck in customs or used beyond their expiration dates. The historical data in the Primavera system will also help AmeriCares with better planning year to year. The nonprofit’s staff has always put together a plan at the beginning of the year, but this has been very challenging simply because it is impossible to predict disasters. Now, management will be able to look at historical data and see trends and statistics as they set current objectives and prepare for future need. In addition, this historical data will provide AmeriCares management with the ability to review year-end data and compare actual project results with goals set at the beginning of the year—to see if desired outcomes were achieved and if there are areas that need improvement. It’s this type of information that is so valuable to donors. And, according to York, project management software can play a critical role in generating the data to help nonprofits sustain and grow. “It is important to invest in systems to help replicate, expand, and deliver services,” says York. “Project management software can help because it encourages nonprofits to examine program or service changes and how to manage moving forward.” Sears believes that AmeriCares donors will support the return on investment the organization will achieve with the Primavera solution. “It won’t be financial returns, but rather how many more people we can help for a given dollar or how much more quickly we can respond to a need,” says Sears. “I think donors are receptive to such arguments.” And for AmeriCares, it is all about the future and increasing results. The project management environment currently may be quite simple, but IT staff plans to expand the complexity and functionality as the organization grows in its knowledge of project management and the goals it wants to achieve. “As we use the system over time, we’ll continue to refine our best practices and accumulate more data,” says Sears. “It will advance our ability to make better data-driven decisions.”

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  • Networking setup for three systems

    - by srihari
    Hi, I want to setup a client server environment. I have three systems one with Solaris and the other two with windows. I want to install all the database and other software on the Server and enable the client systems a limited access to the system resources. Can anyone help me how to setup this and also the hardware requirements to setup such an environment. Your replies will be mostly appreciable and helpful to others who has similar thoughts or requirements. As we have more programmatical knowledge and less networking knowledge ,please explain in detail Please provide any vedio tutorials links or documents which will be helpfull in this regard. Thanks in Advance, Srihari.

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  • Networking setup for three systems

    - by srihari
    Hi, I want to setup a client server environment. I have three systems one with Solaris and the other two with windows. I want to install all the database and other software on the Server and enable the client systems a limited access to the system resources. Can anyone help me how to setup this and also the hardware requirements to setup such an environment. Your replies will be mostly appreciable and helpful to others who has similar thoughts or requirements. As we have more programmatical knowledge and less networking knowledge ,please explain in detail Please provide any vedio tutorials links or documents which will be helpfull in this regard.

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  • read and write permission for FAT32 partition in Ubuntu

    - by Dean
    This is a strange problem. I have the following partition table Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5737 45978624 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 5738 10600 39062047+ 83 Linux /dev/sda4 10601 19457 71143852+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 10601 11208 4883728+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 11209 15033 30720000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 15033 19457 35537920 7 HPFS/NTFS I dual boot Win7 (sda2) and Ubuntu (sda3) and wanted to use the FAT23 partition to share files across two OS's. I followed some online tutorial and have done these: sudo mkdir /media/FAT32 sudo chmod 777 /media/FAT32 sudo mount /dev/sda6/ /media/FAT32 after I mounted the file, I can only read but not be able to write to it. I checked the file permission, it becomes: drwxr-xr-x but after I unmounted the it then becomes drwxrwxrwx and I can read and write to it. very strange. I don't know where I've down wrong. Cheers.

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  • Command line DVD to ISO ripper

    - by RandomInsano
    I have an old XBOX with XBMC installed and I want to rip my dvd collection to my home server as ISO files so that I can watch them over the network. My server is headless (no monitor), so I need the software to run on Solaris, Linux or OpenBSD without X11 running. Does such a magical tool exist? I've seen vobcopy, but does that only work on VOBs? Since XBMC supports DVD menus and everything as though it was a straight disc, I'd rather have my backup work exactly as it does without needing my DVD.

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  • Home ZFS based NAS...What processor/chipset to use?

    - by MrBlargityBlarg
    So, I'm building a home/personal NAS. My plan is to expose both SMB fileshares for sharing files/media between hosts, but also to carve an iSCSI target LUN out of it for use by VMWare as a datastore. I want to use ZFS (software RAID) so that means I'll either be using FreeNAS, Solaris Express, or OpenIndiana. My question is basically: How much horsepower do I need? Obviously I/O is going to be my bottleneck but I want to be sure that I am not limiting my I/O because of a slow processor or chipset. So far the hardware plan is to use an Intel i3 and motherboard with one of the H87, Q87, or Z87 chipsets, a SAS controller (JBOD, no RAID) and if budget allows, I'm also hoping to get an SSD for the ZFS L2ARC and ZIL. Does anyone think I could get away with an Intel Atom or cheaper/less-capable processor/chipset than the i3 and [HQZ]87 listed above?

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  • How do you create large, growable, shared filesystems on Linux at AWS?

    - by Reece
    What are acceptable/reasonable/best ways to provide large, growable, shared storage at AWS, exposed as a single filesystem? We're currently making 1TB EBS volumes ~biweekly and NFS exporting with no_subtree_check and nohide. In this setup, distinct exports appear under a single mount on the client. This arrangement does not scale well. The options we've considered: LVM2 with ext4. resize2fs is too slow. Btrfs on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet. ZFS on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet (although LLNL uses it) ZFS on Solaris. future of this combo is uncertain (to me), and new OS in the mix glusterfs. heard mostly good but two scary (and maybe old?) stories. The ideal solution would provide sharing, a single fs view, easy expandability, snapshots, and replication. Thanks for sharing ideas and experience.

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  • Kernel Panic with gentoo boot (root partition not found)

    - by JB87
    Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0) grub.conf default 0 timeout 30 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Gentoo Linux 2.6.34-r6 root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.34-gentoo-r6 root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda3 vim:ft=conf: fdisk -l Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6 71 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 72 1044 7815622+ 83 Linux so im having trouble getting gentoo to boot, how can I change it from looking for root at block(1,0) to block(0,0) which is where my root partition is created? I though setting it to look to that hdd in grub is all I needed? that is my first guess to what might be causing the problem but not sure why it is giving this error. please advise...

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