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  • Ubuntu systematically losing wired connection

    - by Lukasz Baczynski
    I'm working on 11.10 for few recent days, everything was working perfect until today. Updated ubuntu (some certs were updates as far as i remember) and from this time, wired network stops working randomly and systematically. (All other pcs/macs work fine) From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=25 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=26 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=27 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=28 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=29 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=30 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.9 icmp_seq=31 Destination Host Unreachable 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=32 ttl=64 time=1003 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=33 ttl=64 time=0.496 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=34 ttl=64 time=0.576 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=35 ttl=64 time=0.522 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=36 ttl=64 time=0.624 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=37 ttl=64 time=0.625 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=38 ttl=64 time=0.555 ms It'll work for 20 seconds then it'll stop working for 10-30sec and so on. I've tried setting my router to give static IPs, it doesn't help. NOTHING has been changed since yesterday beside the package update... Here are other settings that may be useful: baka@baka-PC:~/Private/projects/wduk$ lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 06:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8168] (rev 06) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. P8P67 and other motherboards [1043:8432] Kernel driver in use: r8169 baka@baka-PC:~/Private/projects/wduk$ ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr **Removed MAC address** inet addr:192.168.0.9 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ca60:ff:fe0a:85b2/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6400 errors:0 dropped:6400 overruns:0 frame:6400 TX packets:7085 errors:0 dropped:107 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4191983 (4.1 MB) TX bytes:886881 (886.8 KB) Interrupt:72 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:2522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1070130 (1.0 MB) TX bytes:1070130 (1.0 MB) baka@baka-PC:~/Private/projects/wduk$ cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 8.8.8.8 thanks for help

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  • I'd like to switch from 32-bit to 64-bit within same version

    - by Marty Fried
    I have a 32-bit installation of 11.10 on my 64-bit (4 GB) home AMD system. I have recently read up a bit on 64-bit version, and it seems that it would be a marginally better choice now for me. I have read about several methods to help reinstall all the various apps, using either dpkg's get-selections/set-selections and dselect in various ways, or using synaptic's save/get markings. The problem here is that I've read several variations, and I'm not sure which is best. I have enough disk space to do this with a brand new partition, so I'm not too worried about destroying anything, but I don't really want to make it my life's work, hence my appeal for expert tips. Since it's the same version, would it be safe to copy configuration files from the 32-bit system? I'd guess my home directory and /etc might be enough, and would save at least most of the time to reconfigure. But are there difference in configuration files in either of these directories for 32 vs 64 bits that might cause problems? After reinstalling to 64-bit, I can then continue along the 64 bit path for upgrades, but I thought it would be easier to switch the same version, than to try to reinstall apps and upgrade at the same time. Some methods I've seen suggested, among others: A. From Ubuntu forums On your old system (assuming it is still working), start up Synaptic and go: File->Save Markings and choose a file name along with a location (like a USB drive) that you can use when you have installed your new system). You need to check on the bottom: "Save full state, not only changes" This file contains a list of all your currently installed packages, and when you have installed and booted up your new system (and configured your repositories to the best for your location - as we all do, don't we?) then start up Synaptic and go: File-Read Markings and point it at your saved file, and after that has completed then select Apply to kick off the download & installation of all of those packages you had installed previously! B. From the same discussion: According to section 6.4.9 of the Debian Reference Manual, the following will save both the list of packages installed and their debconf configuration: # dpkg --get-selections "*" >myselections # or use \* # debconf-get-selections > debconfsel.txt and the following will reinstall and reconfigure them: # dselect update # debconf-set-selections < debconfsel.txt # dpkg --set-selections <myselections # apt-get -u dselect-upgrade # or dselect install C. A variation on the above I've seen a lot, this from stackoverflow: dpkg --get-selections > package_list then on the new install: cat package_list | sudo dpkg --set-selections && sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade I don't really understand B, or why it's slightly different than many others.

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  • Ubuntu Server Cannot Route to the Internet

    - by ejes
    I've been having this problem for weeks now, and I can't seem to figure out the problem. My server can route the local network and serves it well, however it cannot access the internet. It can't be the router because everything else on this lan can route through the router. I've even switched the ethernet port. Any help would be appreciated. I've tried all the usual places, anyway, here are the configs: root@uhs:~# uname -a Linux uhs 3.0.0-16-generic-pae #28-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 27 19:24:01 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux root@uhs:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface # auto eth1 # iface eth1 inet dhcp auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1 root@uhs:~# ping -c 4 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.334 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.339 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.324 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.339 ms --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2997ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.324/0.334/0.339/0.006 ms root@uhs:~# ping -c 4 209.85.145.103 PING 209.85.145.103 (209.85.145.103) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 209.85.145.103 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3023ms root@uhs:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:6e:a0:92:6e inet addr:192.168.0.3 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:6eff:fea0:926e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13131114 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:10540297 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:5 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3077922794 (3.0 GB) TX bytes:3827489734 (3.8 GB) Interrupt:10 Base address:0xa000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:7721 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7721 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:551950 (551.9 KB) TX bytes:551950 (551.9 KB) root@uhs:~# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root@uhs:~# # PRETEND Traceroute root@uhs:~# for i in {1..30}; do ping -t $i -c 1 209.85.145.103; done | grep "Time to live exceeded" root@uhs:~#

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  • WiFi connected to router, but no internet connection

    - by Quetzacotl
    I just got a new notebook, a ThinkPad Edge E530, and installed Ubuntu on it. I'm pretty new to Ubuntu. On the same laptop, running Windows 7, the Wi-Fi connection works fine. Ethernet connection works both on Win7 and on Ubuntu. Only Wi-Fi on Ubuntu does not work; it connects to the Wi-Fi access point but I don't have Internet access. My wireless card is Intel Centrino Wireless-N 2230. What can fix the problem? EDIT: ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:88:e3:30:72:34 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:43 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:163 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:10124 (10.1 KB) TX bytes:10124 (10.1 KB) usb0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:15:e0:ec:01:00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 68:5d:43:43:71:e1 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6a5d:43ff:fe43:71e1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:220 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2801 (2.8 KB) TX bytes:26230 (26.2 KB) route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 cat /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN nameserver 127.0.0.1 iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. usb0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"SATELITE" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:1F:1F:8D:CC:08 Bit Rate=1 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=60/70 Signal level=-50 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:93 Invalid misc:243 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions.

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  • /etc/postfix/transport missing; what should it look like?

    - by Thufir
    I'm following the mailman guide but couldn't locate /etc/postfix/ so created it as follows: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# cat /etc/postfix/transport dur.bounceme.net mailman: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 dur.bounceme.net ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo fqdn_test 250-dur.bounceme.net 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:[email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:thufir@localhost 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure rcpt to:[email protected] 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix default_transport = smtp home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = loopback-only mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = dur, dur.bounceme.net, localhost.bounceme.net, localhost myhostname = dur.bounceme.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.dur.bounceme.net relay_transport = relay relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport root@dur:~# root@dur:~# tail /var/log/mail.log Aug 28 02:05:15 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases is unavailable. open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases lookup error for "thufir@localhost" Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<fqdn_test> Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases is unavailable. open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases lookup error for "[email protected]" Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<fqdn_test> Aug 28 02:06:28 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Aug 28 02:06:49 dur dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<thufir>, method=PLAIN, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, mpid=20338, TLS Aug 28 02:06:49 dur dovecot: pop3(thufir): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0 root@dur:~# The manual page is here.

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  • Building a Solaris 11 repository without network connection

    - by user12611852
    Solaris 11 has been released and is a fantastic new iteration of Oracle's rock solid, enterprise operating system.  One of the great new features is the repository based Image Packaging system.  IPS not only introduces new cloud based package installation services, it is also integrated with our zones, boot environment and ZFS file systems to provide a safe, easy and fast way to perform system updates. My customers typically don't have network access and, in fact, can't connect to any network until they have "Authority to connect."  It's useful, however, to build up a Solaris 11 system with additional software using the new Image Packaging System and locally stored repository. The Solaris 11 documentation describes how to create a locally stored repository with full explanations of what the commands do. I'm simply providing the quick and dirty steps.  The easiest way is to download the ISO image, burn to a DVD and insert into your DVD drive.  Then as root: pkg set-publisher -G '*' -g file:///cdrom/sol11repo_full/repo solaris Now you can to install software using the GUI package manager or the pkg commands.  If you would like something more permanent (or don't have a DVD drive), however, it takes a little more work. After installing Solaris 11, download (on another system perhaps) the two files that make up the Solaris 11 repository from our download site Sneaker-net the files to your Solaris 11 system Unzip and cat the two files together to create one large ISO image. The file is about 6.9 GB in size zfs create rpool/export/repoSolaris11 zfs set atime=off rpool/export/repoSolaris11 zfs set compression=on rpool/export/repoSolaris11 (save some space) lofiadm -a sol-11-1111-repo-full.iso /dev/lofi/1 mount -F hsfs /dev/lofi/1 /mnt You could stop here and set the publisher to point to the /mnt/repo location, however, this mount will not be persistent across reboots. Copy the repository from the mounted ISO image to a permanent, on disk location. rsync -aP /mnt/repo /export/repoSolaris11 pkgrepo -s /export/repoSolaris11 refresh pkg set-publisher -G '*' -g /export/repoSolaris11/repo solaris You now have a locally installed repository for adding additional software packages for Solaris 11.  The documentation also takes you through publishing your repository on the network so that others can access it.

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  • Wireless connection by using command screen

    - by Amadeus
    I installed Ubuntu 12.04 armhf to my beagleboard-xm and now trying to connect to a wireless network. First, I checked if I can search for available networks: ubuntu@arm:~$ iwlist scan lo Interface doesn't support scanning. usb0 Interface doesn't support scanning. wlan0 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: EA:7D:EF:60:C9:0B Channel:1 Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1) Quality=70/70 Signal level=-23 dBm Encryption key:on ESSID:"ghostrider" Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Mode:Ad-Hoc Extra:tsf=000000005a1ab50e Extra: Last beacon: 6242ms ago IE: Unknown: 000A67686F73747269646572 IE: Unknown: 010882848B962430486C IE: Unknown: 030101 IE: Unknown: 06020000 IE: Unknown: 2A0100 IE: Unknown: 2F0100 IE: Unknown: 32040C121860 IE: Unknown: 2D1A2C181BFF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: 3D16010800000000FF000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: DD09001018020000000000 Then I edited /etc/network/interfaces file to the following: root@arm:/etc/wpa_supplicant# cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp # Example to keep MAC address between reboots #hwaddress ether DE:AD:BE:EF:CA:FE # WiFi Example auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-ssid "ghostrider" wpa-psk "b34d373eb2fb836a43b0afffe783c7d0af694724506c9e77b06d1021302905bf" But I cannot still connect to the wireless network: root@arm:/etc/wpa_supplicant# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. usb0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Asociated Tx-Power=20 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:on eth0 no wireless extensions. root@arm:/etc/network# ifup wlan0 Failed to bring up wlan0. What is wrong? Should I change any other files also? But I think it was enough. By the way if you are curious about where that wpa-psk came from: zero@ghostrider:~$ wpa_passphrase ghostrider 34bddf67c2 network={ ssid="ghostrider" #psk="34bddf67c2" psk=b34d373eb2fb836a43b0afffe783c7d0af694724506c9e77b06d1021302905bf } I will appreciate any effort to help. Regards, Amadeus ps: Also I tried to connect manually: root@arm:/etc/network# iwconfig wlan0 essid ghostrider key s:34bddf67c2 But this did not solve my problem also.

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  • Screen brightness dull after upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04

    - by user288426
    After upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04 I found that I could not increase screen brightness. I'm using a Samsung NC110 netbook. Initially the function key to modify brightness did not respond at all. After implementation of the first part of the fix, the key came alive and the brightness bar could be modified. Yet at maximum brightness indicated the screen still remained very dull. The 2nd part of the fix cures that problem, at least for this type of machine. First part of the fix was copied and modified in line with my experience from following post: How to control Brightness Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T). Then type sudo nano /etc/default/grub. It will ask for your password. Type it in. Around the 11th line, there will be something like: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash". Change it to: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor" Save the file by Ctrl+O followed by Ctrl+X. Then run sudo update-grub in the terminal. Reboot and see if backlight adjustment works. Then I needed to modify the rc.local file. Therefore read below fix to understand the procedure: problem with adjusting brightness Ubuntu 14.04 In my case I had 2 folders listed under /sys/class/backlight which were: intel_backlight samsung I realized that the samsung folder is governing. I had to modify the check for max brightness to: cat /sys/class/backlight/samsung/max_brightness In my case the max value obtained is 8. Besides putting this into rc.local, I also had to uncomment the first line to get this working. My rc.local under /etc/ now looks as follows: !/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing. echo 8 > /sys/class/backlight/samsung/brightness exit 0 Now I can modify brightness on my netbook and also can get the screen up to its maximum brightness. Hope this is helpful.

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  • Help writing server script to ban IP's from a list

    - by Chev_603
    I have a VPS that I use as an openvpn and web server. For some reason, my apache log files are filled with thousands of these hack attempts: "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 395 These attack attempts fill up 90% of my logs. I think it's a WordPress vulnerability they're looking for. Obviously they are not successful (I don't even have Wordpress on my server), but it's annoying and probably resource consuming as well. I am trying to write a bash script that will do the following: Search the apache logs and grab the offending IP's (even if they try it once), Sort them into a list with each unique IP on a seperate line, And then block them using the IP table rules. I am a bash newb, and so far my script does everything except Step 3. I can manually block the IP's, but that's tedious and besides, this is Linux and it's perfectly capable of doing it for me. I also want the script to be customizable so that I (or anyone else who wants to use it) can change the variables to suit whatever situation I/they may deal with in the future. Here is the script so far: #!/bin/bash ##IP LIST GENERATOR ##Author Chev Young ##Script to search Apache logs and list IP's based on custom filters ## ##Define our variables: DIRECT=~/Script ##Location of script&where to put results/temp files LOGFILE=/var/log/apache2/access.log ## Logfile to search for offenders TEMPLIST=xml_temp ## Temporary file name IP_LIST=ipstoban ## Name of results file FILTER1=xmlrpc ## What are we looking for? (Requests we want to ban) cd $DIRECT if [ ! -f $TEMPLIST ];then touch $TEMPLIST ##Create temp file fi cat $LOGFILE | grep $FILTER1 >> $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST ## Only interested in the IP's, so: sed -e 's/\([0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\).*$/\1/' -e t -e d $DIRECT/$TEMPLIST | sort | uniq > $DIRECT/$IP_LIST rm $TEMPLIST ## Clean temp file echo "Done. Results located at $DIRECT/$IP_LIST" So I need help with the next part of the script, which should ban the IP's (incoming and perhaps outgoing too) from the resulting $IP_LIST file. I don't care if it utilizes UFW or IPTables directly, as long as it bans the IP's. I'd probably run it as a cron task. What I'm having trouble with is understanding how to use line of the result file as a seperate variable to do something like: ufw deny $IP1 $IP2 $IP3, ect Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • Weird Ubuntu Desktop Boot Partition On External Hard Drive

    - by Magnitus
    I have a Thinkpad with Windows 7. Last time I installed an Ubuntu/Windows dual boot, Windows was never same after and regularly got corrupted so this time, I installed Ubuntu on a separate external hard drive. I took a 500 GB external hard drive and used Windows to shrink the partition on it to 400 GB, freeing 100 GB to install Ubuntu. Then I modified the booting priority of my computer to boot from the external hard drive if present. Then, I installed Ubuntu desktop on the external hard drive using a DVD, picked the most simplistic partitioning scheme I could get away with (didn't go auto as it didn't include the external hard drive as a choice) and voilà. Fast forward some time and I'm trying to refresh my understanding of Linux partitions to install a bunch of servers, so I'm looking at the current partitioning scheme on my external hard drive and find the boot partition puzzling... sda is my integrated hard drive with Windows 7. sdb is my Ubuntu desktop external hard drive. Running parted on sdb, I get this: (parted) print Model: WD My Passport 0740 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 393GB 393GB primary ntfs boot 2 393GB 500GB 107GB extended 5 393GB 425GB 32.8GB logical linux-swap(v1) 6 425GB 500GB 74.6GB logical ext4 At this point, I'm wondering why the ntfs partition is flagged as "boot" and not my ext4 partition which is the partition that contains / (and by extension, /boot since it's not on its own separate partition). Looking at mtab only confirms what I already know: eric@eric-ThinkPad-W530:~$ sudo cat /etc/mtab /dev/sdb6 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw 0 0 none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0 none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0 none /run/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 0 0 none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /run/user tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755 0 0 none /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw 0 0 systemd /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd 0 0 gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,user=eric 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /media/eric/My\040Passport fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096 0 0 My lack of understanding concerning this is not vital to anything (this is only my development desktop partition), but somehow annoys me. Any insight that could shed some light on this would be welcome.

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  • Raid superblock missing on single parition. Recovery needed!

    - by user171639
    Ok so I have a 2 TB raid 1 setup that has three partitions: sdc1: linux sdc2: swap sdc3: LVM for data However the LVM will no longer mount. So I thought that I would take the first drive, mount it in linux (ive done this b4), and reset the spare drive to copy the data. Normally I can mount a single drive for data recovery using: sudo su apt-get install mdadm lvm2 mdadm --assemble --scan modprobe dm-mod vgscan vgchange -ay c mount -o ro /dev/c/c /mnt Unfortunately, vgscan doesnot recognize the data partition. It appears as though the superblock on the first drive's data partition was erased while syncing with the second. So now I cannot mount that partition and the second drive is stuck in spare mode. Any ideas? Or a way to force mount the data partition just to copy the data? knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo su root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# apt-get install mdadm lvm2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done lvm2 is already the newest version. mdadm is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 551 not upgraded. root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/1 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). mdadm: /dev/md/0 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# modprobe dm-mod root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdc1[2] 4193268 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md1 : active raid1 sdc2[2] 524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] unused devices: <none> root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm -v --assemble --auto=yes /dev/md2 /dev/sdc3 mdadm: looking for devices for /dev/md2 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sdc3 mdadm: /dev/sdc3 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i superblock dumpe2fs 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-1 Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32769 Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98305 Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163841 Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229377 Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294913 Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819201 Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884737 root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# Notes: I can read the super block from the spare drive. I was gonna try and restore the superblock from one of the backups, but i dont know how or if this would work. I also heard creating a new array (mdadm --create) using the same parameters will not delete the data on the drive but i didnt want to risk it. Recommendations?

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  • How can I improve the battery life under 12.04 on my Inspiron 14z? [duplicate]

    - by cfogelberg
    This question already has an answer here: Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks 24 answers How do I improve the battery life of my Inspiron 14z under Ubuntu 12.04? This laptop gets 4-5 hours of battery life using Windows (e.g. here). I've removed Windows, installed Ubuntu 12.04 and the initial battery life was only 2 hours. With some tweaks (described below) it's still only ~2.5 hours. For reference, the laptop is the latest model of the 14z: i5-3337U processor 32GB MSATA, 500GB HDD (5400rpm) AMD Radeon HD7570M graphics card I have put ext4 partitions on both the SSD and the HDD, and have mounted / to the SSD and /home to the HDD. I also put a 24gb linux swap partition at the start of the HDD, though I figure this won't be used all that much (the laptop has 8gb of RAM). After googling around and reading Ask Ubuntu and other sites extensively, I have done the following steps, and they have improved the battery life ~30 minutes (exact improvement not clear, but battery life is still nowhere near 4-5 hours). Installed Jupiter (and set Performance to "Power Saving") Installed laptop-mode-tools cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode now outputs 5 (previously it output 0) But it's not clear that this will help: AskUbuntu question Turned down the brightness of my screen from full to 1/3 Other things I have heard about but have not tried for fear of frying the laptop or my linux install: Add "pcie_aspm=force" at the end of the line with "quiet splash" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg Enable ALPM, but it may already be enabled in 12.04? Enable i915 framebuffer compression Use a propietary driver for the graphics card? Turn off the graphics card? (what would happen if I relied on the internal Intel bridge?) Use TLP? Spin down the HDD more aggressively (howto, but I think laptop-mode-tools does this already) The only other thing I've noticed is that plastic just above the F5, F6 and F7 keys gets really hot. According to Jupiter my CPU temperature is only 69 celsius and the System Monitor shows CPU load at 7% so I don't think it's the CPU. Maybe it's the graphics card? Also, I've set up MongoDB and LAMP on the machine as well. When I run powertop MongoDB is high in the list, but I'm not sure if that's relevant to battery life because I'm not actually doing anything with MongoDB most of the time. Edit - Additional info as requested $ lspci -nnk | grep -iEA3 "(graphics|vga)" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 -- 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Thames [Radeon 7500M/7600M Series] [1002:6841] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:057f] Kernel driver in use: radeon Kernel modules: radeon

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  • Misused mke2fs and cannot boot into system

    - by surlogics
    I installed Ubuntu with WUBI in Windows 7 64bit, and I had installed Mandriva 2011 with a disk. I tried to learn Linux with Ubuntu and misused mke2fs; after I reboot my computer, Windows 7 and Ubuntu has crashed. As I have Mandriva, I boot into Mandriva and found # df -h /dev/sda7 12G 9.8G 1.5G 88% / /dev/sda2 15G 165M 14G 2% /media/logical /dev/sda6 119G 88G 32G 74% /media/2C9E85319E84F51C /dev/sda5 118G 59G 60G 50% /media/D25A6DDE5A6DBFB9 /dev/sda9 100G 188M 100G 1% /media/ae69134a-a65e-488f-ae7f-150d1b5e36a6 /dev/sda1 100M 122K 100M 1% /media/DELLUTILITY /dev/sda3 98G 81G 17G 83% /media/OS # fdisk /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xd24f801e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 206847 102400 6 FAT16 /dev/sda2 * 206848 30926847 15360000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 30926848 235726847 102400000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 235728864 976771071 370521104 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 235728896 481488895 122880000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 727252992 976771071 124759040 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 481500243 506674034 12586896 83 Linux /dev/sda8 506674098 514851119 4088511 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda9 514851183 727246484 106197651 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I think I may used the following command mke2fs -j -L "logical"/dev/sda2 but I had forgotten what kind of partition it was before I transfered it into ext3. perhaps ntfs Data was not lost, and I can view my files as I could in Windows. In Mandriva, there are following disks: 117.2 GB hard disk, files in it is the same as my Windows D:, and Ubuntu was installed in it; 119.0 GB hard disk is my G:, with my personal files in it; 12.0 GB is the same with Mandriva / (with means root), 101.3 GB hard disk with nothing but lost+found; DELLUTILITY should be Dell computer utilities pre-installed in my computer; logical is the disk which I had spoiled, I can view nothing but lost+found; and OS is the C: in my Windows. After I boot, grub lets me choose Mandriva or Windows. I chose Windows and it tells me: FILE system type unknown, partition type 0x7 Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format I doubt something wrong with windows MBR or something # cat /boot/grub/menu.lst timeout 5 color black/cyan yellow/cyan gfxmenu (hd0,6)/boot/gfxmenu default 0 title linux kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot logo.nologo quiet resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd splash=silent vga=788 initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title linux-nonfb kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=linux-nonfb root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot resume=UUID=34c546e4-9c42-4526-aa64-bbdc0e9d64fd initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title failsafe kernel (hd0,6)/boot/vmlinuz BOOT_IMAGE=failsafe root=UUID=199581b7-ac7e-4c5f-9888-24c4f213cad8 nokmsboot failsafe initrd (hd0,6)/boot/initrd.img title windows root (hd0,1) makeactive chainloader +1 I can boot into Linux, but not Ubuntu, it boot into Mandriva. I don't have a boot disk. Help me find a way to make it work again.

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  • Oracle Text????~????????????????????????

    - by Yuichi Hayashi
    Oracle Text?? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? Oracle Text ????????????????? ????? Oracle Text ??Oracle Database ????????????????????? Oracle Text ????????????????·?????????????? ???Edition???????? - Oracle Database Enterprise Edition(EE) - Oracle Database Standard Edition(SE) - Oracle Database Standard Edition One - Oracle Database Express Edition(XE) ?????? Oracle ??????? Database Configuration Assistant(DBCA)?????????????Oracle Text ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????(?????)????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (1) ~ (4)???????????????????? (1) ????? Oracle Text???????(ctxsys)???????????????(????? SCOTT)???? CTXAPP?????????? SQL connect ctxsys/ SQL grant ctxapp to scott; (2) ???? ? ?????? SQL connect scott/tiger SQL create table test ( 2 id number primary key, 3 text varchar2(80) ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 1, 'The cat sat on the mat' ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 2, 'The dog barked like a dog' ); SQL insert into test ( id, text ) values ( 3, '??????????' ); SQL commit; (3) ???????(??) ??????????????????? ?????????: test_lexer ???????? JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER????????? SQL connect scott/tiger SQL execute ctx_ddl.create_preference('test_lexer','JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER'); ???? ???? OracleText???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????? - JAPANESE_VGRAM_LEXER:????2???????????????????? - JAPANESE_LEXER (Oracle Text 9.0.1???????):???????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (4) ????????? TEST?????????????????? SQL create index test_idx on test ( text ) 2 indextype is ctxsys.context 3 parameters ('lexer test_lexer'); (5) ????????? "??"?????????????????? SQL col text for a30 SQL select id, text from test 2 where contains ( text, '??') 0; ID TEXT ---------- ------------------------------ 3 ?????????? ¦???? ???????/???Oracle Text ?? ????????Oracle Text ????

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  • What are good design practices when working with Entity Framework

    - by AD
    This will apply mostly for an asp.net application where the data is not accessed via soa. Meaning that you get access to the objects loaded from the framework, not Transfer Objects, although some recommendation still apply. This is a community post, so please add to it as you see fit. Applies to: Entity Framework 1.0 shipped with Visual Studio 2008 sp1. Why pick EF in the first place? Considering it is a young technology with plenty of problems (see below), it may be a hard sell to get on the EF bandwagon for your project. However, it is the technology Microsoft is pushing (at the expense of Linq2Sql, which is a subset of EF). In addition, you may not be satisfied with NHibernate or other solutions out there. Whatever the reasons, there are people out there (including me) working with EF and life is not bad.make you think. EF and inheritance The first big subject is inheritance. EF does support mapping for inherited classes that are persisted in 2 ways: table per class and table the hierarchy. The modeling is easy and there are no programming issues with that part. (The following applies to table per class model as I don't have experience with table per hierarchy, which is, anyway, limited.) The real problem comes when you are trying to run queries that include one or many objects that are part of an inheritance tree: the generated sql is incredibly awful, takes a long time to get parsed by the EF and takes a long time to execute as well. This is a real show stopper. Enough that EF should probably not be used with inheritance or as little as possible. Here is an example of how bad it was. My EF model had ~30 classes, ~10 of which were part of an inheritance tree. On running a query to get one item from the Base class, something as simple as Base.Get(id), the generated SQL was over 50,000 characters. Then when you are trying to return some Associations, it degenerates even more, going as far as throwing SQL exceptions about not being able to query more than 256 tables at once. Ok, this is bad, EF concept is to allow you to create your object structure without (or with as little as possible) consideration on the actual database implementation of your table. It completely fails at this. So, recommendations? Avoid inheritance if you can, the performance will be so much better. Use it sparingly where you have to. In my opinion, this makes EF a glorified sql-generation tool for querying, but there are still advantages to using it. And ways to implement mechanism that are similar to inheritance. Bypassing inheritance with Interfaces First thing to know with trying to get some kind of inheritance going with EF is that you cannot assign a non-EF-modeled class a base class. Don't even try it, it will get overwritten by the modeler. So what to do? You can use interfaces to enforce that classes implement some functionality. For example here is a IEntity interface that allow you to define Associations between EF entities where you don't know at design time what the type of the entity would be. public enum EntityTypes{ Unknown = -1, Dog = 0, Cat } public interface IEntity { int EntityID { get; } string Name { get; } Type EntityType { get; } } public partial class Dog : IEntity { // implement EntityID and Name which could actually be fields // from your EF model Type EntityType{ get{ return EntityTypes.Dog; } } } Using this IEntity, you can then work with undefined associations in other classes // lets take a class that you defined in your model. // that class has a mapping to the columns: PetID, PetType public partial class Person { public IEntity GetPet() { return IEntityController.Get(PetID,PetType); } } which makes use of some extension functions: public class IEntityController { static public IEntity Get(int id, EntityTypes type) { switch (type) { case EntityTypes.Dog: return Dog.Get(id); case EntityTypes.Cat: return Cat.Get(id); default: throw new Exception("Invalid EntityType"); } } } Not as neat as having plain inheritance, particularly considering you have to store the PetType in an extra database field, but considering the performance gains, I would not look back. It also cannot model one-to-many, many-to-many relationship, but with creative uses of 'Union' it could be made to work. Finally, it creates the side effet of loading data in a property/function of the object, which you need to be careful about. Using a clear naming convention like GetXYZ() helps in that regards. Compiled Queries Entity Framework performance is not as good as direct database access with ADO (obviously) or Linq2SQL. There are ways to improve it however, one of which is compiling your queries. The performance of a compiled query is similar to Linq2Sql. What is a compiled query? It is simply a query for which you tell the framework to keep the parsed tree in memory so it doesn't need to be regenerated the next time you run it. So the next run, you will save the time it takes to parse the tree. Do not discount that as it is a very costly operation that gets even worse with more complex queries. There are 2 ways to compile a query: creating an ObjectQuery with EntitySQL and using CompiledQuery.Compile() function. (Note that by using an EntityDataSource in your page, you will in fact be using ObjectQuery with EntitySQL, so that gets compiled and cached). An aside here in case you don't know what EntitySQL is. It is a string-based way of writing queries against the EF. Here is an example: "select value dog from Entities.DogSet as dog where dog.ID = @ID". The syntax is pretty similar to SQL syntax. You can also do pretty complex object manipulation, which is well explained [here][1]. Ok, so here is how to do it using ObjectQuery< string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); The first time you run this query, the framework will generate the expression tree and keep it in memory. So the next time it gets executed, you will save on that costly step. In that example EnablePlanCaching = true, which is unnecessary since that is the default option. The other way to compile a query for later use is the CompiledQuery.Compile method. This uses a delegate: static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => ctx.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id)); or using linq static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); to call the query: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id ); The advantage of CompiledQuery is that the syntax of your query is checked at compile time, where as EntitySQL is not. However, there are other consideration... Includes Lets say you want to have the data for the dog owner to be returned by the query to avoid making 2 calls to the database. Easy to do, right? EntitySQL string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)).Include("Owner"); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); CompiledQuery static readonly Func<Entities, int, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, Dog>((ctx, id) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include("Owner") where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Now, what if you want to have the Include parametrized? What I mean is that you want to have a single Get() function that is called from different pages that care about different relationships for the dog. One cares about the Owner, another about his FavoriteFood, another about his FavotireToy and so on. Basicly, you want to tell the query which associations to load. It is easy to do with EntitySQL public Dog Get(int id, string include) { string query = "select value dog " + "from Entities.DogSet as dog " + "where dog.ID = @ID"; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>(query, EntityContext.Instance)) .IncludeMany(include); oQuery.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("ID", id)); oQuery.EnablePlanCaching = true; return oQuery.FirstOrDefault(); } The include simply uses the passed string. Easy enough. Note that it is possible to improve on the Include(string) function (that accepts only a single path) with an IncludeMany(string) that will let you pass a string of comma-separated associations to load. Look further in the extension section for this function. If we try to do it with CompiledQuery however, we run into numerous problems: The obvious static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); will choke when called with: query_GetDog.Invoke( YourContext, id, "Owner,FavoriteFood" ); Because, as mentionned above, Include() only wants to see a single path in the string and here we are giving it 2: "Owner" and "FavoriteFood" (which is not to be confused with "Owner.FavoriteFood"!). Then, let's use IncludeMany(), which is an extension function static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, Dog> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, Dog>((ctx, id, include) => (from dog in ctx.DogSet.IncludeMany(include) where dog.ID == id select dog).FirstOrDefault()); Wrong again, this time it is because the EF cannot parse IncludeMany because it is not part of the functions that is recognizes: it is an extension. Ok, so you want to pass an arbitrary number of paths to your function and Includes() only takes a single one. What to do? You could decide that you will never ever need more than, say 20 Includes, and pass each separated strings in a struct to CompiledQuery. But now the query looks like this: from dog in ctx.DogSet.Include(include1).Include(include2).Include(include3) .Include(include4).Include(include5).Include(include6) .[...].Include(include19).Include(include20) where dog.ID == id select dog which is awful as well. Ok, then, but wait a minute. Can't we return an ObjectQuery< with CompiledQuery? Then set the includes on that? Well, that what I would have thought so as well: static readonly Func<Entities, int, ObjectQuery<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, ObjectQuery<Dog>>((ctx, id) => (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog)); public Dog GetDog( int id, string include ) { ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = query_GetDog(id); oQuery = oQuery.IncludeMany(include); return oQuery.FirstOrDefault; } That should have worked, except that when you call IncludeMany (or Include, Where, OrderBy...) you invalidate the cached compiled query because it is an entirely new one now! So, the expression tree needs to be reparsed and you get that performance hit again. So what is the solution? You simply cannot use CompiledQueries with parametrized Includes. Use EntitySQL instead. This doesn't mean that there aren't uses for CompiledQueries. It is great for localized queries that will always be called in the same context. Ideally CompiledQuery should always be used because the syntax is checked at compile time, but due to limitation, that's not possible. An example of use would be: you may want to have a page that queries which two dogs have the same favorite food, which is a bit narrow for a BusinessLayer function, so you put it in your page and know exactly what type of includes are required. Passing more than 3 parameters to a CompiledQuery Func is limited to 5 parameters, of which the last one is the return type and the first one is your Entities object from the model. So that leaves you with 3 parameters. A pitance, but it can be improved on very easily. public struct MyParams { public string param1; public int param2; public DateTime param3; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == myParams.param2 && dog.Name == myParams.param1 and dog.BirthDate > myParams.param3 select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string Name, DateTime birthDate ) { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.param1 = name; myParams.param2 = age; myParams.param3 = birthDate; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } Return Types (this does not apply to EntitySQL queries as they aren't compiled at the same time during execution as the CompiledQuery method) Working with Linq, you usually don't force the execution of the query until the very last moment, in case some other functions downstream wants to change the query in some way: static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public IEnumerable<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name); } public void DataBindStuff() { IEnumerable<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } What is going to happen here? By still playing with the original ObjectQuery (that is the actual return type of the Linq statement, which implements IEnumerable), it will invalidate the compiled query and be force to re-parse. So, the rule of thumb is to return a List< of objects instead. static readonly Func<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, int, string, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, age, name) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where dog.Age == age && dog.Name == name select dog); public List<Dog> GetSomeDogs( int age, string name ) { return query_GetDog(YourContext,age,name).ToList(); //<== change here } public void DataBindStuff() { List<Dog> dogs = GetSomeDogs(4,"Bud"); // but I want the dogs ordered by BirthDate gridView.DataSource = dogs.OrderBy( it => it.BirthDate ); } When you call ToList(), the query gets executed as per the compiled query and then, later, the OrderBy is executed against the objects in memory. It may be a little bit slower, but I'm not even sure. One sure thing is that you have no worries about mis-handling the ObjectQuery and invalidating the compiled query plan. Once again, that is not a blanket statement. ToList() is a defensive programming trick, but if you have a valid reason not to use ToList(), go ahead. There are many cases in which you would want to refine the query before executing it. Performance What is the performance impact of compiling a query? It can actually be fairly large. A rule of thumb is that compiling and caching the query for reuse takes at least double the time of simply executing it without caching. For complex queries (read inherirante), I have seen upwards to 10 seconds. So, the first time a pre-compiled query gets called, you get a performance hit. After that first hit, performance is noticeably better than the same non-pre-compiled query. Practically the same as Linq2Sql When you load a page with pre-compiled queries the first time you will get a hit. It will load in maybe 5-15 seconds (obviously more than one pre-compiled queries will end up being called), while subsequent loads will take less than 300ms. Dramatic difference, and it is up to you to decide if it is ok for your first user to take a hit or you want a script to call your pages to force a compilation of the queries. Can this query be cached? { Dog dog = from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == id select dog; } No, ad-hoc Linq queries are not cached and you will incur the cost of generating the tree every single time you call it. Parametrized Queries Most search capabilities involve heavily parametrized queries. There are even libraries available that will let you build a parametrized query out of lamba expressions. The problem is that you cannot use pre-compiled queries with those. One way around that is to map out all the possible criteria in the query and flag which one you want to use: public struct MyParams { public string name; public bool checkName; public int age; public bool checkAge; } static readonly Func<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>> query_GetDog = CompiledQuery.Compile<Entities, MyParams, IEnumerable<Dog>>((ctx, myParams) => from dog in ctx.DogSet where (myParams.checkAge == true && dog.Age == myParams.age) && (myParams.checkName == true && dog.Name == myParams.name ) select dog); protected List<Dog> GetSomeDogs() { MyParams myParams = new MyParams(); myParams.name = "Bud"; myParams.checkName = true; myParams.age = 0; myParams.checkAge = false; return query_GetDog(YourContext,myParams).ToList(); } The advantage here is that you get all the benifits of a pre-compiled quert. The disadvantages are that you most likely will end up with a where clause that is pretty difficult to maintain, that you will incur a bigger penalty for pre-compiling the query and that each query you run is not as efficient as it could be (particularly with joins thrown in). Another way is to build an EntitySQL query piece by piece, like we all did with SQL. protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where 1 = 1 "; if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) query = query + " and dog.Name == @Name "; if( age > 0 ) query = query + " and dog.Age == @Age "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Name", name ) ); if( age > 0 ) oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "Age", age ) ); return oQuery.ToList(); } Here the problems are: - there is no syntax checking during compilation - each different combination of parameters generate a different query which will need to be pre-compiled when it is first run. In this case, there are only 4 different possible queries (no params, age-only, name-only and both params), but you can see that there can be way more with a normal world search. - Noone likes to concatenate strings! Another option is to query a large subset of the data and then narrow it down in memory. This is particularly useful if you are working with a definite subset of the data, like all the dogs in a city. You know there are a lot but you also know there aren't that many... so your CityDog search page can load all the dogs for the city in memory, which is a single pre-compiled query and then refine the results protected List<Dod> GetSomeDogs( string name, int age, string city) { string query = "select value dog from Entities.DogSet where dog.Owner.Address.City == @City "; ObjectQuery<Dog> oQuery = new ObjectQuery<Dog>( query, YourContext ); oQuery.Parameters.Add( new ObjectParameter( "City", city ) ); List<Dog> dogs = oQuery.ToList(); if( !String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Name == name ); if( age > 0 ) dogs = dogs.Where( it => it.Age == age ); return dogs; } It is particularly useful when you start displaying all the data then allow for filtering. Problems: - Could lead to serious data transfer if you are not careful about your subset. - You can only filter on the data that you returned. It means that if you don't return the Dog.Owner association, you will not be able to filter on the Dog.Owner.Name So what is the best solution? There isn't any. You need to pick the solution that works best for you and your problem: - Use lambda-based query building when you don't care about pre-compiling your queries. - Use fully-defined pre-compiled Linq query when your object structure is not too complex. - Use EntitySQL/string concatenation when the structure could be complex and when the possible number of different resulting queries are small (which means fewer pre-compilation hits). - Use in-memory filtering when you are working with a smallish subset of the data or when you had to fetch all of the data on the data at first anyway (if the performance is fine with all the data, then filtering in memory will not cause any time to be spent in the db). Singleton access The best way to deal with your context and entities accross all your pages is to use the singleton pattern: public sealed class YourContext { private const string instanceKey = "On3GoModelKey"; YourContext(){} public static YourEntities Instance { get { HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current; if( context == null ) return Nested.instance; if (context.Items[instanceKey] == null) { On3GoEntities entity = new On3GoEntities(); context.Items[instanceKey] = entity; } return (YourEntities)context.Items[instanceKey]; } } class Nested { // Explicit static constructor to tell C# compiler // not to mark type as beforefieldinit static Nested() { } internal static readonly YourEntities instance = new YourEntities(); } } NoTracking, is it worth it? When executing a query, you can tell the framework to track the objects it will return or not. What does it mean? With tracking enabled (the default option), the framework will track what is going on with the object (has it been modified? Created? Deleted?) and will also link objects together, when further queries are made from the database, which is what is of interest here. For example, lets assume that Dog with ID == 2 has an owner which ID == 10. Dog dog = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Person owner = (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select dog).FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == true; If we were to do the same with no tracking, the result would be different. ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>) (from o in YourContext.PersonSet where o.ID == 10 select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Owner owner = oPersonQuery.FirstOrDefault(); //dog.OwnerReference.IsLoaded == false; Tracking is very useful and in a perfect world without performance issue, it would always be on. But in this world, there is a price for it, in terms of performance. So, should you use NoTracking to speed things up? It depends on what you are planning to use the data for. Is there any chance that the data your query with NoTracking can be used to make update/insert/delete in the database? If so, don't use NoTracking because associations are not tracked and will causes exceptions to be thrown. In a page where there are absolutly no updates to the database, you can use NoTracking. Mixing tracking and NoTracking is possible, but it requires you to be extra careful with updates/inserts/deletes. The problem is that if you mix then you risk having the framework trying to Attach() a NoTracking object to the context where another copy of the same object exist with tracking on. Basicly, what I am saying is that Dog dog1 = (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2).FirstOrDefault(); ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>) (from dog in YourContext.DogSet where dog.ID == 2 select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; Dog dog2 = oDogQuery.FirstOrDefault(); dog1 and dog2 are 2 different objects, one tracked and one not. Using the detached object in an update/insert will force an Attach() that will say "Wait a minute, I do already have an object here with the same database key. Fail". And when you Attach() one object, all of its hierarchy gets attached as well, causing problems everywhere. Be extra careful. How much faster is it with NoTracking It depends on the queries. Some are much more succeptible to tracking than other. I don't have a fast an easy rule for it, but it helps. So I should use NoTracking everywhere then? Not exactly. There are some advantages to tracking object. The first one is that the object is cached, so subsequent call for that object will not hit the database. That cache is only valid for the lifetime of the YourEntities object, which, if you use the singleton code above, is the same as the page lifetime. One page request == one YourEntity object. So for multiple calls for the same object, it will load only once per page request. (Other caching mechanism could extend that). What happens when you are using NoTracking and try to load the same object multiple times? The database will be queried each time, so there is an impact there. How often do/should you call for the same object during a single page request? As little as possible of course, but it does happens. Also remember the piece above about having the associations connected automatically for your? You don't have that with NoTracking, so if you load your data in multiple batches, you will not have a link to between them: ObjectQuery<Dog> oDogQuery = (ObjectQuery<Dog>)(from dog in YourContext.DogSet select dog); oDogQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Dog> dogs = oDogQuery.ToList(); ObjectQuery<Person> oPersonQuery = (ObjectQuery<Person>)(from o in YourContext.PersonSet select o); oPersonQuery.MergeOption = MergeOption.NoTracking; List<Person> owners = oPersonQuery.ToList(); In this case, no dog will have its .Owner property set. Some things to keep in mind when you are trying to optimize the performance. No lazy loading, what am I to do? This can be seen as a blessing in disguise. Of course it is annoying to load everything manually. However, it decreases the number of calls to the db and forces you to think about when you should load data. The more you can load in one database call the better. That was always true, but it is enforced now with this 'feature' of EF. Of course, you can call if( !ObjectReference.IsLoaded ) ObjectReference.Load(); if you want to, but a better practice is to force the framework to load the objects you know you will need in one shot. This is where the discussion about parametrized Includes begins to make sense. Lets say you have you Dog object public class Dog { public Dog Get(int id) { return YourContext.DogSet.FirstOrDefault(it => it.ID == id ); } } This is the type of function you work with all the time. It gets called from all over the place and once you have that Dog object, you will do very different things to it in different functions. First, it should be pre-compiled, because you will call that very often. Second, each different pages will want to have access to a different subset of the Dog data. Some will want the Owner, some the FavoriteToy, etc. Of course, you could call Load() for each reference you need anytime you need one. But that will generate a call to the database each time. Bad idea. So instead, each page will ask for the data it wants to see when it first request for the Dog object: static public Dog Get(int id) { return GetDog(entity,"");} static public Dog Get(int id, string includePath) { string query = "select value o " + " from YourEntities.DogSet as o " +

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  • yum not working on EC2 Red Hat instance: Cannot retrieve repository metadata

    - by adev3
    For some reason yum has stopped working in my Amazon EC2 instance, located in the EU West sector. There seems to be something wrong with the path of the repo metadata, is this correct? I would be very grateful for any help, as my experience in this field is somewhat limited. Thank you very much. cat /etc/redhat-release: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 (Santiago) yum repolist: Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, security https://rhui2-cds01.eu-west-1.aws.ce.redhat.com/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. https://rhui2-cds02.eu-west-1.aws.ce.redhat.com/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. repo id repo name status rhui-eu-west-1-client-config-server-6 Red Hat Update Infrastructure 2.0 Client Configuration Server 6 0 rhui-eu-west-1-rhel-server-releases Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 (RPMs) 0 rhui-eu-west-1-rhel-server-releases-optional Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6 Optional (RPMs) 0 repolist: 0 yum update: (I needed to remove the base URLs below because of ServerFault's restrictions for new users) Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, security [same as base url 1 above]/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. [same as base url 2 above]/pulp/repos//rhui-client-config/rhel/server/6/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 401" Trying other mirror. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: rhui-eu-west-1-client-config-server-6. Please verify its path and try again

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  • How can I solve http_port 3129 intercept with squid?

    - by wmoreno3
    My system: uname -a FreeBSD server.local.jmorenov.com.co 9.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE #0 r243825: Tue Dec 4 09:23:10 UTC 2012 [email protected]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 pkg info | grep squid squid-3.2.7 HTTP Caching Proxy I have this configuration in squid.conf: http_port 3128 accel vhost allow-direct # OK http_port 3129 intercept # Does not work icp_port 0 When I tried with: http_port 3129 intercept By switch line on ipnat.rules. In access log appears: 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| IPF (IPFilter) NAT open failed: (13) Permission denied 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| BUG #3329: Orphan Comm::Connection: local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=192.168.1.129:51595 FD 24 flags=33 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| NOTE: 1 Orphans since last started. /var/log/squid/cache.log 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Squid plugin modules loaded: 0 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting reverse-proxy HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3128 remote=[::] FD 33 flags=9 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting NAT intercepted HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=[::] FD 34 flags=41 My /etc/ipnat.rules: root@server:/root # cat /etc/ipnat.rules # em0 = External NIC # bge0 = Internal NIC map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 proxy port ftp ftp/tcp map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 # Redirect direct web traffic to local web server. rdr em0 192.168.0.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp rdr bge0 192.168.1.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp # Redirect everything else to squid on port 3128 or 3129 intercept rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp #rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp #rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp With 3128 is OK, but with 3129, Does not work, when switch in ipnat.rules.

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  • error reading keytab file krb5.keytab

    - by Banjer
    I've noticed these kerberos keytab error messages on both SLES 11.2 and CentOS 6.3: sshd[31442]: pam_krb5[31442]: error reading keytab 'FILE: / etc/ krb5. keytab' /etc/krb5.keytab does not exist on our hosts, and from what I understand of the keytab file, we don't need it. Per this kerberos keytab introduction: A keytab is a file containing pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys (these are derived from the Kerberos password). You can use this file to log into Kerberos without being prompted for a password. The most common personal use of keytab files is to allow scripts to authenticate to Kerberos without human interaction, or store a password in a plaintext file. This sounds like something we do not need and is perhaps better security-wise to not have it. How can I keep this error from popping up in our system logs? Here is my krb5.conf if its useful: banjer@myhost:~> cat /etc/krb5.conf # This file managed by Puppet # [libdefaults] default_tkt_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC default_tgs_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC preferred_enctypes = RC4-HMAC DES-CBC-MD5 DES-CBC-CRC default_realm = FOO.EXAMPLE.COM dns_lookup_kdc = true clockskew = 300 [logging] default = SYSLOG:NOTICE:DAEMON kdc = FILE:/var/log/kdc.log kadmind = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [appdefaults] pam = { ticket_lifetime = 1d renew_lifetime = 1d forwardable = true proxiable = false retain_after_close = false minimum_uid = 0 debug = false banner = "Enter your current" } Let me know if you need to see any other configs. Thanks. EDIT This message shows up in /var/log/secure whenever a non-root user logs in via SSH or the console. It seems to only occur with password-based authentication. If I do a key-based ssh to a server, I don't see the error. If I log in with root, I do not see the error. Our Linux servers authenticate against Active Directory, so its a hearty mix of PAM, samba, kerberos, and winbind that is used to authenticate a user.

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  • How to avoid lftp Certificate verification error?

    - by pattulus
    I'm trying to get my Pelican blog working. It uses lftp to transfer the actual blog to ones server, but I always get an error: mirror: Fatal error: Certificate verification: subjectAltName does not match ‘blogname.com’ I think lftp is checking the SSL and the quick setup of Pelican just forgot to include that I don't have SSL on my FTP. This is the code in Pelican's Makefile: ftp_upload: $(OUTPUTDIR)/index.html lftp ftp://$(FTP_USER)@$(FTP_HOST) -e "mirror -R $(OUTPUTDIR) $(FTP_TARGET_DIR) ; quit" which renders in terminal as: lftp ftp://[email protected] -e "mirror -R /Volumes/HD/Users/me/Test/output /myblog_directory ; quit" What I managed so far is, denying the SSL check by changing the Makefile to: lftp ftp://$(FTP_USER)@$(FTP_HOST) -e "set ftp:ssl-allow no" "mirror -R $(OUTPUTDIR) $(FTP_TARGET_DIR) ; quit" Due to my incorrect implementation I get logged in correctly (lftp [email protected]:~>) but the one line feature doesn't work anymore and I have to enter the mirror command by hand: mirror -R /Volumes/HD/Users/me/Test/output/ /myblog_directory This works without an error and timeout. The question is how to do this with a one liner. In addition I tried: set ssl:verify-certificate/ftp.myblog.com no This trick to disable certificate verification in lftp: $ cat ~/.lftp/rc set ssl:verify-certificate no However, it seems there is no "rc" folder in my lftp directory - so this prompt has no chance to work.

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  • php-fpm: very high server load

    - by Derp Derpington
    Since today my webserver (nginx + php-fpm + mysql on a VPS) is very slow. htop says: 1 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Tasks: 63 total, 13 running 2 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Load average: 11.67 10.95 6.95 3 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Uptime: 00:18:40 4 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 5 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 6 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Mem[||||||||||| 137/1280MB] Swp[ 0/0MB] PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 6802 www 20 0 76232 12320 5716 R 27.0 0.9 0:06.48 php-fpm: pool www 7048 www 20 0 75200 12136 5700 R 52.0 0.9 0:03.64 php-fpm: pool www 6699 www 20 0 74176 11124 5700 R 27.0 0.8 0:07.36 php-fpm: pool www 7029 www 20 0 73668 10380 5676 R 42.0 0.8 0:03.52 php-fpm: pool www 6995 www 20 0 76228 12456 5644 R 42.0 1.0 0:03.98 php-fpm: pool www 6858 www 20 0 74172 10684 5620 R 35.0 0.8 0:05.52 php-fpm: pool www 6998 www 20 0 75200 12072 5620 R 37.0 0.9 0:03.95 php-fpm: pool www 7098 www 20 0 75200 12052 5616 R 42.0 0.9 0:02.33 php-fpm: pool www 7093 www 20 0 76228 12496 5612 R 37.0 1.0 0:03.02 php-fpm: pool www 7226 www 20 0 74692 11080 5588 R 32.0 0.8 0:00.66 php-fpm: pool www CPU: (cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model) model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz I think a load of 10 and 100% cpu usage is not normal... How can i fix that?

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  • How to reset Bash on Mac OSX, .bash_profile corrupted and bash no longer works

    - by user1463172
    I am on a MacBook Pro, running the latest version of Mountain Lion. I really need some help, I have managed some how to damage my .bash_profile (I think) so that every time I open up the terminal I get the error listed below. -bash: export: `/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/go/bin': not a valid identifier -bash: export: `/Users/rob/Applications/sbt/bin:': not a valid identifier env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory env: bash: No such file or directory -bash: tar: command not found -bash: grep: command not found -bash: cat: command not found -bash: find: command not found I am not sure what has happened, I have no sudo, cd or any normal commands. The only way I have been able to get to any of the main directories is through the go to folder command in finder and try to find the file to no avail. To top it all off I think I created a file that might be causing the issue, I wanted to edit the .bash_profile so I typed sudo nano ./bash_profile This open a new file in nano which I think was then saved. After this I opened the real .bash_profile to add in the path for node.js. If I can get to the .bash_profile I think I can get it back on track but I can't find it, should I reinstall bash? If so how would I do that on a mac, I tried using brew install bash to which I get -bash: brew: command not found I am really stuck if anyone can help I would be really appreciated. Many thanks

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  • mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (null), can't find any log information

    - by Mark0978
    Two ubuntu servers: 10.0.8.2 is the client, 192.168.20.58 is the server. Between the 2 machines, Ping works, ssh works (in both directions). From 10.0.8.2 showmount -e 192.168.20.58 Export list for 192.168.20.58: /imr/nfsshares/foobar 10.0.8.2 mount.nfs 192.168.20.58:/imr/nfsshares/foobar /var/data/foobar -v mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (null) Found several things online, tried them all and still can't find any log information anywhere. On the server: [email protected]:/var/log# cat /etc/hosts.allow sendmail: all ALL: 10.0.8.2 /etc/hosts.deny is all comments How can I get a trail of log statements to figure this out? What does it take to get some logging so I have some idea of WHY it won't mount? On the server: [email protected]# nmap -sR RPC 192.168.20.58 Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-07-04 21:16 CDT Failed to resolve given hostname/IP: RPC. Note that you can't use '/mask' AND '1-4,7,100-' style IP ranges Nmap scan report for 192.168.20.58 Host is up (0.0000060s latency). Not shown: 988 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open unknown 80/tcp open unknown 111/tcp open unknown 139/tcp open unknown 445/tcp open unknown 902/tcp open unknown 2049/tcp open unknown 3000/tcp open unknown 5666/tcp open unknown 8009/tcp open unknown 8222/tcp open unknown 8333/tcp open unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.81 seconds From the client: [email protected]:~$ nmap -sR RPC 192.168.20.58 Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-07-04 22:14 EDT Failed to resolve given hostname/IP: RPC. Note that you can't use '/mask' AND '1-4,7,100-' style IP ranges Nmap scan report for 192.168.20.58 Host is up (0.73s latency). Not shown: 988 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open unknown 80/tcp open unknown 111/tcp open rpcbind (rpcbind V2) 2 (rpc #100000) 139/tcp open unknown 445/tcp open unknown 902/tcp open unknown 2049/tcp open nfs (nfs V2-4) 2-4 (rpc #100003) 3000/tcp open unknown 5666/tcp open unknown 8009/tcp open unknown 8222/tcp open unknown 8333/tcp open unknown Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 191.56 seconds

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  • Launching a PHP daemon from an LSB init script w/ start-stop-daemon

    - by EvanK
    I'm writing an lsb init script (admittedly something I've never done from scratch) that launches a php script that daemonizes itself. The php script starts off like so: #!/usr/bin/env php <?php /* do some stuff */ It's then started like so in the init script: # first line is args to start-stop-daemon, second line is args to php-script start-stop-daemon --start --exec /path/to/executable/php-script.php \ -- --daemon --pid-file=$PIDFILE --other-php-script-args The --daemon flag causes the php script to detach & run as a daemon itself, rather than relying on start-stop-daemon to detach it. This is how it's (trying to) stop it in the init script: start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --exec /path/to/executable/php-script.php \ --pidfile $PIDFILE The problem is, when I try to stop via the init script, it gives me this: $ sudo /etc/init.d/my-lsb-init-script stop * Stopping My Project No /path/to/executable/php-script.php found running; none killed. ...done. A quick peek at ps tells me that, even though the php script itself is executable, its running as php <script> rather than the script name itself, which is keeping start-stop-daemon from seeing it. The PID file is even being generated, but it seems to ignore it and try to find+kill by process name instead. $ ps ax | grep '/path/to/executable/php-script.php' 2505 pts/1 S 0:01 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2507 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2508 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2509 pts/1 S 0:00 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args 2518 pts/1 S 0:01 php /path/to/executable/php-script.php --daemon --pid-file /var/run/blah/blah.pid --other-php-script-args $ cat /var/run/blah/blah.pid 2518 Am I completely misunderstanding something here? Or is there an easy way to work around this?

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  • Restarting Haproxy Gracefully

    - by Anand Gupta
    As per various blogs, HAproxy can be gracefully restarted using the following command: sudo haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid -sf $(cat /var/run/haproxy.pid) TO verify this, I had set up a apache bench script which contiguously sent message to haproxy. Ideally, whenever I restarted my server the script should not have an affect on the apache bunch execiton. But, it seems that whenever Haproxy is restarted apache bench scripts terminate and the connection to load balancer is lost. Here is the details of my HaProxy configuration file : global nbproc 4 log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice #log loghost local0 info maxconn 4096 #chroot /usr/share/haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid stats socket /home/ubuntu/haproxy.sock #debug #quiet defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen webstats bind 0.0.0.0:1000 stats enable mode http stats uri /lb?stats stats auth anand:aaaaaaaa #stats refresh listen web-farm 0.0.0.0:80 mode http balance roundrobin option httpchk HEAD /index.php HTTP/1.0 server server2.com 1.1.1.1:80 server serve1.com 1.1.1.2:80 ~ Please let me know what am I missing here.

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  • Postfix: LDAP not working (warning: dict_ldap_lookup: Search base not found: 32: No such object)

    - by Heinzi
    I set up LDAP access with postfix. ldapsearch -D "cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain]" -w postfix -b "ou=users,ou=people,[domain]" -s sub "(&(objectclass=inetOrgPerson)(mail=[mailaddr]))" delivers the correct entry. The LDAP config file looks like root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# cat mailbox_maps.cf server_host = localhost search_base = ou=users,ou=people,[domain] scope = sub bind = yes bind_dn = cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain] bind_pw = postfix query_filter = (&(objectclass=inetOrgPerson)(mail=%s)) result_attribute = uid debug_level = 2 The bind_dn and bind_pw should be the same as I used above with ldapsearch. Nevertheless, calling postmap doesn't work: root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# postmap -q [mailaddr] ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf postmap: warning: dict_ldap_lookup: /etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf: Search base 'ou=users,ou=people,[domain]' not found: 32: No such object If I change LDAP configuration, so that anonymous users have complete access to LDAP olcAccess: {-1}to * by * read then it works: root@server2:/etc/postfix/ldap# postmap -q [mailaddr] ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap/mailbox_maps.cf [user-id] But when I restrict this access to the postfix user: olcAccess: {-1}to * by dn="cn=postfix,ou=users,ou=system,[domain]" read by * break it doesn't work but produces the error printed above (although ldapsearch works, only postmap doesn't). Why doesn't it work when binding with a postfix DN? I think I set up the LDAP ACL for the postfix user correctly, as the ldapsearch command should prove. What can be the reason for this behaviour?

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