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• The best linux file system and software to read write on it in Windows

  - by Florin

  I am curently having ubuntu and win 7 dual boot and I want to delete my windows 7 and format all my partitions to use a linux file system. But I want to leave a door open in case I have any problems with linux, to be able to acces my linux file system with windows. I know that there are programs that can give you read-write acces to a ext2/3/4 FS (I tested none). I need advice in choosing the right FS, what are the diferences between ext 2/3/4 and what is the best software to do that.

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• System displays "File system maintenance error, press ctrl+d" while booting

  - by user3215

  In my office I've Ubuntu 8.10 desktop installed and it's running for a long time. When ever the system is started, I'll get a file system maintenance error and something it's prompted for the root password or (press ctrl+d to continue). After pressing Ctrl+D the system normally boots up. I could not resolve this issue for a long time and I think something should be done in the fstab file. I'm not sure to do anything and expecting the experts here to help to perfectly fix this. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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• System cant mount root

  - by Tony Parkes

  Im running ubuntu 12.10, i have installed NETKIT as i need it for my university work. It is installed fine and the NETKIT configuration is ok when checked but when i try to launch a virtual machine it appears on screen for about half a second and then vanishes. I did a verbose launch and im told that the system cant mount root, i can however launch an xterm...any help would be greatly appreciated. Tony

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• What is the significance of '*' (star, asterisk) in the file listing results?

  - by vfclists

  I have noticed that some of my files have an asterisk at end. Does the asterisk at the end have any particular significance? I think they are mostly executable and displayed in green by the ls command. You will see that ./bkmp* and ./bkmp0* have an asterisk at the end. They are executable bash scripts. Here's my output: drwxr-xr-x 7 username username 4096 Oct 2 18:28 ./ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Oct 2 09:25 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 3724 Sep 22 03:06 .bashrc -rwxr--r-- 1 username username 319 Sep 22 03:42 .bkmp* -rwxr--r-- 1 username username 324 Sep 29 23:30 .bkmp0* drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 17 13:52 .cache/ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 675 Sep 17 13:37 .profile drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 22 10:10 .ssh/ drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 24 19:49 .ssh.local/ drwxr-xr-x 2 username username 4096 Sep 22 04:10 archives/ drwxr-xr-x 3 username username 4096 Sep 24 19:51 home/ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 27511 Sep 24 19:51 username_backup.20120924_1908.tar.gz

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• file acess slow after deletion of many files

  - by stefan

  I recently accidentally created millions of files in one folder (rougly 5 million) and due to limitations I couldn't process them correctly (maximum argument count exceeded for wc / ls and such stuff). So I deleted them, which took quite a while, but now they're gone. I deleted the files with a regular rm. It weren't any system files. So the files are definitively deleted, but the system is very slow on file stuff now. ls, cat and auto-complete by pressing tab freezes the terminal for several seconds. Is this some sort of fragmentation issue? Is it an issue with the files beeing still somehow present?

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• Saving and Loading the Game (Automatically or Manually) via Internal Storage Only (Tablet PC Issues)

  - by David Dimalanta

  Here is my question. When making a game app for Android, I considered first the device. It's no problem to save progress everything (from levels to records) on a smartphone because it has an SD Card slot. Exception to this, the tablet PC, it can really nothing but on internal only storage. For example, I'm using this tutorial for audio spectrum (see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cN1VzZXcdo) that involves copying from internal to external in order to detect frequency. It works on the desktop but not on the Android device (Tablets only [i.e. Google Nexus Tablet]). Is there a way to optimize save/load game problems due to internal/external device issues? Plus, additionally, what's the reason why my device won't work on tablets, except the desktop, while testing the audio spectrum code and why? Also, is it the same with saving/loading game?

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• How can I find out which user deleted a directory?

  - by Rob S.

  My Ubuntu server has about roughly 30 active users on it. I personally know everyone using the server. Recently, a few friends and I were working on project. We made a new directory for the project and since everyone knows everyone we didn't bother protecting our work under a bunch of permissions. We should have though, because we woke up this morning to find that someone removed our entire directory. Our work is backed up every night so it's really not a big deal to restore our work. However, we would like to find out who removed it so we can confront them. So far the best thing we've come up with for finding our culprit is checking everyone's bash history but this is long and tedious and chances are that if there was a malicious intent behind the directory removal that our culprit probably modified theirs to cover their tracks (or of course they might use a different shell). So, basically, what is the easiest and quickest way to find out who deleted a directory? Thanks in advance for your time.

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• Auto-mount filesystems on boot fails (12.10)

  - by Joshua Pruitt

  I have a Compaq HP 8200 slim desktop running 12.10 with encrypted partitions (set up with the text-based installer). Everything's working fine, except... When I boot the computer, my /boot and /boot/efi directories refuse to mount automatically. I'm dropped to the root console, where I must enter 'mountall -v', and everything then continues on just fine. This was happening under 12.04. I've recently upgraded to 12.10, and the problem persists. Except now, in addition to /boot and /boot/efi not mounting, roughly 50% of the time /var will not be auto-mounted as well (and again, 'mountall -v' fixes allows me to boot and move on). I'm puzzled about this one. Running 'fsck' doesn't seem to do anything (the filesystems aren't damaged anyway). What can I try to solve this issue? Here's my /etc/fstab: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1338508/ Thanks in advance!!! Addendum: I have tried changing the entries in fstab from UUIDs to the actual devices, to no avail.

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• How to disable cryptswap?

  - by mit

  How can I disable cryptswap? I would like an unencrypted swap like before. This is on an ubuntu 9.10 system. It worked. First I removed the lines from /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab. But it was not possible (and maybe not necessary?) to use the command sudo cryptsetup remove crytswap1 Before rebooting it was not possible (because cryptswap1 was still in use) and after rebooting cryptswap1 was already inactive. I removed cryptsetup from the system afterwards: sudo aptitude remove cryptsetup

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• Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS USB not being detected after formatting with Startup Disk Creator

  - by Zach

  sudo fdisk -l lists the drive, however, I cannot find it in the file explorer. Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d871e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8195 MB, 8195480064 bytes 253 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 16006797 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00027ae4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 15999719 M 7999829 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Manually mounting it produces this error message :~$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -ouiduid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Is the usb toast?

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• File system maintenance error, press ctrl+d to continue

  - by user3215

  In my office I've Ubuntu 8.10 desktop installed and it's running for a long time. When ever the system is started, I'll get a file system maintenance error and something it's prompted for the root password or (press ctrl+d to continue). After pressing Ctrl+D the system normally boots up. I could not resolve this issue for a long time and I think something should be done in the fstab file. I'm not sure to do anything and expecting the experts here to help to perfectly fix this. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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• Did I lose my RAID again?

  - by BarsMonster

  Hi! A little history: 2 years ago I was really excited to find out that mdadm is so powerful that it even can reshape arrays, so you can start with a smaller array and then grow it as you need. I've bought 3x1Tb drives and made a RAID-5. It was fine for a year. Then I bought 2x more, and tried to reshape to RAID-6 out of 5 drives, and due to some mess with superblock versions, lost all content. Had to rebuild it from scratch, but 2Tb of data were gone. Yesterday I bought 2 more drives, and this time I had everything: properly built array, UPS. I've disabled write intent map, added 2 new drives as spares and run a command to grow array to 7-disks. It started working, but speed was ridiculously slow, ~100kb/sec. After processing first 37Mb at such an amazing speed, one of old HDDs fails. I properly shutdown the PC and disconnected the failed drive. After bootup it appeared that it recreated the intent map as it was still in mdadm config, so I removed it from config and rebooted again. Now all I see is that all mdadm processes deadlock, and don't do anything. PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1937 root 20 0 12992 608 444 D 0 0.1 0:00.00 mdadm 2283 root 20 0 12992 852 704 D 0 0.1 0:00.01 mdadm 2287 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 0 0.0 0:00.01 md0_reshape 2288 root 18 -2 12992 820 676 D 0 0.1 0:00.01 mdadm And all I see in mdstat is: $ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sdb1[1] sdg1[4] sdf1[7] sde1[6] sdd1[0] sdc1[5] 2929683456 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 1024k chunk, algorithm 2 [7/6] [UU_UUUU] [>....................] reshape = 0.0% (37888/976561152) finish=567604147.2min speed=0K/sec I've already tried mdadm 2.6.7, 3.1.4 and 3.2 - nothing helps. Did I lose my data again? Any suggestions on how can I make this work? OS is Ubuntu Server 10.04.2. PS. Needless to say, the data is inaccessible - I cannot mount /dev/md0 to save the most valuable data. You can see my disappointment - the very specific thing I was excited about failed twice taking 5Tb of my data with it. Update: It appears there is some nice info in kern.log: 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522055] raid5: reshape will continue 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522085] raid5: device sdb1 operational as raid disk 1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522091] raid5: device sdg1 operational as raid disk 4 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522097] raid5: device sdf1 operational as raid disk 5 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522102] raid5: device sde1 operational as raid disk 6 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522107] raid5: device sdd1 operational as raid disk 0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.522111] raid5: device sdc1 operational as raid disk 3 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.523942] raid5: allocated 7438kB for md0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524041] 1: w=1 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524050] 4: w=2 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524056] 5: w=3 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524062] 6: w=4 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524068] 0: w=5 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524073] 3: w=6 pa=2 pr=5 m=2 a=2 r=7 op1=0 op2=0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524079] raid5: raid level 6 set md0 active with 6 out of 7 devices, algorithm 2 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524519] RAID5 conf printout: 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524523] --- rd:7 wd:6 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524528] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdd1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524532] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdb1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524537] disk 3, o:1, dev:sdc1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524541] disk 4, o:1, dev:sdg1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524545] disk 5, o:1, dev:sdf1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524550] disk 6, o:1, dev:sde1 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524553] ...ok start reshape thread 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524727] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2999995858944 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524735] md: reshape of RAID array md0 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524740] md: minimum _guaranteed_ speed: 1000 KB/sec/disk. 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524745] md: using maximum available idle IO bandwidth (but not more than 200000 KB/sec) for reshape. 21:38:48 ...: [ 166.524756] md: using 128k window, over a total of 976561152 blocks. 21:39:05 ...: [ 166.525013] md0: 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520063] INFO: task mdadm:1937 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520068] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520073] mdadm D 00000000ffffffff 0 1937 1 0x00000000 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520083] ffff88002ef4f5d8 0000000000000082 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520092] ffff88002eb5b198 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5ade0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520100] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5b198 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520107] Call Trace: 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520133] [<ffffffffa0224892>] get_active_stripe+0x312/0x3f0 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520148] [<ffffffff81059ae0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520159] [<ffffffffa0228413>] make_request+0x243/0x4b0 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520169] [<ffffffffa0221a90>] ? release_stripe+0x50/0x70 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520179] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520188] [<ffffffff81414df0>] md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520194] [<ffffffff81414df0>] ? md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520205] [<ffffffff8129f8c1>] generic_make_request+0x1b1/0x4f0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520214] [<ffffffff810f6515>] ? mempool_alloc_slab+0x15/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520222] [<ffffffff8116c2ec>] ? alloc_buffer_head+0x1c/0x60 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520230] [<ffffffff8129fc80>] submit_bio+0x80/0x110 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520236] [<ffffffff8116c849>] submit_bh+0xf9/0x140 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520244] [<ffffffff8116f124>] block_read_full_page+0x274/0x3b0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520251] [<ffffffff81172c90>] ? blkdev_get_block+0x0/0x70 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520258] [<ffffffff8110d875>] ? __inc_zone_page_state+0x35/0x40 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520265] [<ffffffff810f46d8>] ? add_to_page_cache_locked+0xe8/0x160 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520272] [<ffffffff81173d78>] blkdev_readpage+0x18/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520279] [<ffffffff810f484b>] __read_cache_page+0x7b/0xe0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520285] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520290] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520297] [<ffffffff810f57dc>] do_read_cache_page+0x3c/0x120 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520304] [<ffffffff810f5909>] read_cache_page_async+0x19/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520310] [<ffffffff810f591e>] read_cache_page+0xe/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520317] [<ffffffff811a6cb0>] read_dev_sector+0x30/0xa0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520324] [<ffffffff811a7fcd>] amiga_partition+0x6d/0x460 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520331] [<ffffffff811a7938>] check_partition+0x138/0x190 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520338] [<ffffffff811a7a7a>] rescan_partitions+0xea/0x2f0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520344] [<ffffffff811744c7>] __blkdev_get+0x267/0x3d0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520350] [<ffffffff81174650>] ? blkdev_open+0x0/0xc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520356] [<ffffffff81174640>] blkdev_get+0x10/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520362] [<ffffffff811746c1>] blkdev_open+0x71/0xc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520369] [<ffffffff811419f3>] __dentry_open+0x113/0x370 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520377] [<ffffffff81253f8f>] ? security_inode_permission+0x1f/0x30 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520385] [<ffffffff8114de3f>] ? inode_permission+0xaf/0xd0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520391] [<ffffffff81141d67>] nameidata_to_filp+0x57/0x70 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520398] [<ffffffff8115207a>] do_filp_open+0x2da/0xba0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520406] [<ffffffff811134a8>] ? unmap_vmas+0x178/0x310 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520414] [<ffffffff8115dbfa>] ? alloc_fd+0x10a/0x150 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520421] [<ffffffff81141769>] do_sys_open+0x69/0x170 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520428] [<ffffffff811418b0>] sys_open+0x20/0x30 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520437] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520446] INFO: task mdadm:2283 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520450] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520454] mdadm D 0000000000000000 0 2283 2212 0x00000000 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520462] ffff88002cca7d98 0000000000000086 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520470] ffff88002ededf78 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededbc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520478] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededf78 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520485] Call Trace: 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520495] [<ffffffff81543a97>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520502] [<ffffffff8154397b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520508] [<ffffffff8117404d>] __blkdev_put+0x3d/0x190 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520514] [<ffffffff811741b0>] blkdev_put+0x10/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520520] [<ffffffff811741f3>] blkdev_close+0x33/0x60 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520527] [<ffffffff81145375>] __fput+0xf5/0x210 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520534] [<ffffffff811454b5>] fput+0x25/0x30 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520540] [<ffffffff811415ad>] filp_close+0x5d/0x90 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520546] [<ffffffff81141697>] sys_close+0xb7/0x120 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520553] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520559] INFO: task md0_reshape:2287 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520563] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520567] md0_reshape D ffff88003aee96f0 0 2287 2 0x00000000 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520575] ffff88003cf05a70 0000000000000046 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520582] ffff88003aee9aa8 ffff88003cf05fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee96f0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520590] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003cf05fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee9aa8 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520597] Call Trace: 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520608] [<ffffffffa0224892>] get_active_stripe+0x312/0x3f0 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520616] [<ffffffff81059ae0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520626] [<ffffffffa0226f80>] reshape_request+0x4c0/0x9a0 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520634] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520644] [<ffffffffa022777a>] sync_request+0x31a/0x3a0 [raid456] 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520651] [<ffffffff81052713>] ? __wake_up+0x53/0x70 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520658] [<ffffffff814156b1>] md_do_sync+0x621/0xbb0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520668] [<ffffffff810387b9>] ? default_spin_lock_flags+0x9/0x10 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520675] [<ffffffff8141640c>] md_thread+0x5c/0x130 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520681] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520688] [<ffffffff814163b0>] ? md_thread+0x0/0x130 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520694] [<ffffffff81084416>] kthread+0x96/0xa0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520701] [<ffffffff810131ea>] child_rip+0xa/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520707] [<ffffffff81084380>] ? kthread+0x0/0xa0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520713] [<ffffffff810131e0>] ? child_rip+0x0/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520718] INFO: task mdadm:2288 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520721] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520725] mdadm D 0000000000000000 0 2288 1 0x00000000 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520733] ffff88002cca9c18 0000000000000086 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520741] ffff88003aee83b8 ffff88002cca9fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee8000 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520748] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002cca9fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee83b8 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520755] Call Trace: 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520763] [<ffffffff81543a97>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520771] [<ffffffff812a6d50>] ? exact_match+0x0/0x10 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520777] [<ffffffff8154397b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520783] [<ffffffff811742c8>] __blkdev_get+0x68/0x3d0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520790] [<ffffffff81174650>] ? blkdev_open+0x0/0xc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520795] [<ffffffff81174640>] blkdev_get+0x10/0x20 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520801] [<ffffffff811746c1>] blkdev_open+0x71/0xc0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520808] [<ffffffff811419f3>] __dentry_open+0x113/0x370 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520815] [<ffffffff81253f8f>] ? security_inode_permission+0x1f/0x30 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520821] [<ffffffff8114de3f>] ? inode_permission+0xaf/0xd0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520828] [<ffffffff81141d67>] nameidata_to_filp+0x57/0x70 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520834] [<ffffffff8115207a>] do_filp_open+0x2da/0xba0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520841] [<ffffffff810ff0e1>] ? lru_cache_add_lru+0x21/0x40 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520848] [<ffffffff8111109c>] ? do_anonymous_page+0x11c/0x330 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520855] [<ffffffff81115d5f>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x31f/0x3c0 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520862] [<ffffffff8115dbfa>] ? alloc_fd+0x10a/0x150 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520868] [<ffffffff81141769>] do_sys_open+0x69/0x170 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520874] [<ffffffff811418b0>] sys_open+0x20/0x30 21:42:04 ...: [ 362.520882] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520065] INFO: task mdadm:1937 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520071] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520077] mdadm D 00000000ffffffff 0 1937 1 0x00000000 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520087] ffff88002ef4f5d8 0000000000000082 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520096] ffff88002eb5b198 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5ade0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520104] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5b198 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520112] Call Trace: 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520139] [<ffffffffa0224892>] get_active_stripe+0x312/0x3f0 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520154] [<ffffffff81059ae0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520165] [<ffffffffa0228413>] make_request+0x243/0x4b0 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520175] [<ffffffffa0221a90>] ? release_stripe+0x50/0x70 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520185] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520194] [<ffffffff81414df0>] md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520201] [<ffffffff81414df0>] ? md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520212] [<ffffffff8129f8c1>] generic_make_request+0x1b1/0x4f0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520221] [<ffffffff810f6515>] ? mempool_alloc_slab+0x15/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520229] [<ffffffff8116c2ec>] ? alloc_buffer_head+0x1c/0x60 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520237] [<ffffffff8129fc80>] submit_bio+0x80/0x110 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520244] [<ffffffff8116c849>] submit_bh+0xf9/0x140 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520252] [<ffffffff8116f124>] block_read_full_page+0x274/0x3b0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520258] [<ffffffff81172c90>] ? blkdev_get_block+0x0/0x70 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520266] [<ffffffff8110d875>] ? __inc_zone_page_state+0x35/0x40 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520273] [<ffffffff810f46d8>] ? add_to_page_cache_locked+0xe8/0x160 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520280] [<ffffffff81173d78>] blkdev_readpage+0x18/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520286] [<ffffffff810f484b>] __read_cache_page+0x7b/0xe0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520293] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520299] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520306] [<ffffffff810f57dc>] do_read_cache_page+0x3c/0x120 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520313] [<ffffffff810f5909>] read_cache_page_async+0x19/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520319] [<ffffffff810f591e>] read_cache_page+0xe/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520327] [<ffffffff811a6cb0>] read_dev_sector+0x30/0xa0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520334] [<ffffffff811a7fcd>] amiga_partition+0x6d/0x460 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520341] [<ffffffff811a7938>] check_partition+0x138/0x190 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520348] [<ffffffff811a7a7a>] rescan_partitions+0xea/0x2f0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520355] [<ffffffff811744c7>] __blkdev_get+0x267/0x3d0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520361] [<ffffffff81174650>] ? blkdev_open+0x0/0xc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520367] [<ffffffff81174640>] blkdev_get+0x10/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520373] [<ffffffff811746c1>] blkdev_open+0x71/0xc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520380] [<ffffffff811419f3>] __dentry_open+0x113/0x370 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520388] [<ffffffff81253f8f>] ? security_inode_permission+0x1f/0x30 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520396] [<ffffffff8114de3f>] ? inode_permission+0xaf/0xd0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520403] [<ffffffff81141d67>] nameidata_to_filp+0x57/0x70 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520410] [<ffffffff8115207a>] do_filp_open+0x2da/0xba0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520417] [<ffffffff811134a8>] ? unmap_vmas+0x178/0x310 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520426] [<ffffffff8115dbfa>] ? alloc_fd+0x10a/0x150 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520432] [<ffffffff81141769>] do_sys_open+0x69/0x170 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520438] [<ffffffff811418b0>] sys_open+0x20/0x30 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520447] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520458] INFO: task mdadm:2283 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520462] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520467] mdadm D 0000000000000000 0 2283 2212 0x00000000 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520475] ffff88002cca7d98 0000000000000086 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520483] ffff88002ededf78 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededbc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520490] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededf78 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520498] Call Trace: 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520508] [<ffffffff81543a97>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520515] [<ffffffff8154397b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520521] [<ffffffff8117404d>] __blkdev_put+0x3d/0x190 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520527] [<ffffffff811741b0>] blkdev_put+0x10/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520533] [<ffffffff811741f3>] blkdev_close+0x33/0x60 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520541] [<ffffffff81145375>] __fput+0xf5/0x210 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520547] [<ffffffff811454b5>] fput+0x25/0x30 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520554] [<ffffffff811415ad>] filp_close+0x5d/0x90 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520560] [<ffffffff81141697>] sys_close+0xb7/0x120 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520568] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520574] INFO: task md0_reshape:2287 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520578] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520582] md0_reshape D ffff88003aee96f0 0 2287 2 0x00000000 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520590] ffff88003cf05a70 0000000000000046 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520597] ffff88003aee9aa8 ffff88003cf05fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee96f0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520605] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003cf05fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee9aa8 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520612] Call Trace: 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520623] [<ffffffffa0224892>] get_active_stripe+0x312/0x3f0 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520633] [<ffffffff81059ae0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520643] [<ffffffffa0226f80>] reshape_request+0x4c0/0x9a0 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520651] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520661] [<ffffffffa022777a>] sync_request+0x31a/0x3a0 [raid456] 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520668] [<ffffffff81052713>] ? __wake_up+0x53/0x70 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520675] [<ffffffff814156b1>] md_do_sync+0x621/0xbb0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520685] [<ffffffff810387b9>] ? default_spin_lock_flags+0x9/0x10 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520692] [<ffffffff8141640c>] md_thread+0x5c/0x130 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520699] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520705] [<ffffffff814163b0>] ? md_thread+0x0/0x130 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520711] [<ffffffff81084416>] kthread+0x96/0xa0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520718] [<ffffffff810131ea>] child_rip+0xa/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520725] [<ffffffff81084380>] ? kthread+0x0/0xa0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520730] [<ffffffff810131e0>] ? child_rip+0x0/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520735] INFO: task mdadm:2288 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520739] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520743] mdadm D 0000000000000000 0 2288 1 0x00000000 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520751] ffff88002cca9c18 0000000000000086 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520759] ffff88003aee83b8 ffff88002cca9fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee8000 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520767] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002cca9fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88003aee83b8 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520774] Call Trace: 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520782] [<ffffffff81543a97>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520790] [<ffffffff812a6d50>] ? exact_match+0x0/0x10 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520797] [<ffffffff8154397b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520804] [<ffffffff811742c8>] __blkdev_get+0x68/0x3d0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520810] [<ffffffff81174650>] ? blkdev_open+0x0/0xc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520816] [<ffffffff81174640>] blkdev_get+0x10/0x20 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520822] [<ffffffff811746c1>] blkdev_open+0x71/0xc0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520829] [<ffffffff811419f3>] __dentry_open+0x113/0x370 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520837] [<ffffffff81253f8f>] ? security_inode_permission+0x1f/0x30 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520843] [<ffffffff8114de3f>] ? inode_permission+0xaf/0xd0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520850] [<ffffffff81141d67>] nameidata_to_filp+0x57/0x70 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520857] [<ffffffff8115207a>] do_filp_open+0x2da/0xba0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520864] [<ffffffff810ff0e1>] ? lru_cache_add_lru+0x21/0x40 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520871] [<ffffffff8111109c>] ? do_anonymous_page+0x11c/0x330 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520878] [<ffffffff81115d5f>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x31f/0x3c0 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520885] [<ffffffff8115dbfa>] ? alloc_fd+0x10a/0x150 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520891] [<ffffffff81141769>] do_sys_open+0x69/0x170 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520897] [<ffffffff811418b0>] sys_open+0x20/0x30 21:44:04 ...: [ 482.520905] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520053] INFO: task mdadm:1937 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520059] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520065] mdadm D 00000000ffffffff 0 1937 1 0x00000000 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520075] ffff88002ef4f5d8 0000000000000082 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520084] ffff88002eb5b198 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5ade0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520091] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ef4ffd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002eb5b198 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520099] Call Trace: 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520127] [<ffffffffa0224892>] get_active_stripe+0x312/0x3f0 [raid456] 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520142] [<ffffffff81059ae0>] ? default_wake_function+0x0/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520153] [<ffffffffa0228413>] make_request+0x243/0x4b0 [raid456] 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520162] [<ffffffffa0221a90>] ? release_stripe+0x50/0x70 [raid456] 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520171] [<ffffffff81084790>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x40 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520180] [<ffffffff81414df0>] md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520187] [<ffffffff81414df0>] ? md_make_request+0xc0/0x130 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520197] [<ffffffff8129f8c1>] generic_make_request+0x1b1/0x4f0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520206] [<ffffffff810f6515>] ? mempool_alloc_slab+0x15/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520215] [<ffffffff8116c2ec>] ? alloc_buffer_head+0x1c/0x60 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520222] [<ffffffff8129fc80>] submit_bio+0x80/0x110 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520229] [<ffffffff8116c849>] submit_bh+0xf9/0x140 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520237] [<ffffffff8116f124>] block_read_full_page+0x274/0x3b0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520244] [<ffffffff81172c90>] ? blkdev_get_block+0x0/0x70 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520252] [<ffffffff8110d875>] ? __inc_zone_page_state+0x35/0x40 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520259] [<ffffffff810f46d8>] ? add_to_page_cache_locked+0xe8/0x160 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520266] [<ffffffff81173d78>] blkdev_readpage+0x18/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520273] [<ffffffff810f484b>] __read_cache_page+0x7b/0xe0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520279] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520285] [<ffffffff81173d60>] ? blkdev_readpage+0x0/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520292] [<ffffffff810f57dc>] do_read_cache_page+0x3c/0x120 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520300] [<ffffffff810f5909>] read_cache_page_async+0x19/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520306] [<ffffffff810f591e>] read_cache_page+0xe/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520314] [<ffffffff811a6cb0>] read_dev_sector+0x30/0xa0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520321] [<ffffffff811a7fcd>] amiga_partition+0x6d/0x460 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520328] [<ffffffff811a7938>] check_partition+0x138/0x190 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520335] [<ffffffff811a7a7a>] rescan_partitions+0xea/0x2f0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520342] [<ffffffff811744c7>] __blkdev_get+0x267/0x3d0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520348] [<ffffffff81174650>] ? blkdev_open+0x0/0xc0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520354] [<ffffffff81174640>] blkdev_get+0x10/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520359] [<ffffffff811746c1>] blkdev_open+0x71/0xc0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520367] [<ffffffff811419f3>] __dentry_open+0x113/0x370 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520375] [<ffffffff81253f8f>] ? security_inode_permission+0x1f/0x30 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520383] [<ffffffff8114de3f>] ? inode_permission+0xaf/0xd0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520390] [<ffffffff81141d67>] nameidata_to_filp+0x57/0x70 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520397] [<ffffffff8115207a>] do_filp_open+0x2da/0xba0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520404] [<ffffffff811134a8>] ? unmap_vmas+0x178/0x310 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520413] [<ffffffff8115dbfa>] ? alloc_fd+0x10a/0x150 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520419] [<ffffffff81141769>] do_sys_open+0x69/0x170 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520425] [<ffffffff811418b0>] sys_open+0x20/0x30 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520434] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520443] INFO: task mdadm:2283 blocked for more than 120 seconds. 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520447] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520451] mdadm D 0000000000000000 0 2283 2212 0x00000000 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520460] ffff88002cca7d98 0000000000000086 0000000000015bc0 0000000000015bc0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520468] ffff88002ededf78 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededbc0 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520475] 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002cca7fd8 0000000000015bc0 ffff88002ededf78 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520483] Call Trace: 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520492] [<ffffffff81543a97>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520500] [<ffffffff8154397b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520506] [<ffffffff8117404d>] __blkdev_put+0x3d/0x190 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520512] [<ffffffff811741b0>] blkdev_put+0x10/0x20 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520518] [<ffffffff811741f3>] blkdev_close+0x33/0x60 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520526] [<ffffffff81145375>] __fput+0xf5/0x210 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520533] [<ffffffff811454b5>] fput+0x25/0x30 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520539] [<ffffffff811415ad>] filp_close+0x5d/0x90 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520545] [<ffffffff81141697>] sys_close+0xb7/0x120 21:46:04 ...: [ 602.520552] [<ffffffff810121b2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

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• How do I install the btrfs-restore utility on 12.04?

  - by MountainX

  I would like to install btrfs-restore on Kubuntu 12.04 apt-cache search btrfs-restore returns nothing. Google "ubuntu download OR install btrfs-restore" returns nothing useful. Also, where do I get btrfs help? I'm not getting any replies on #btrfs on freenode.net. (Correction: I was too impatient. #btrfs was very helpful!) UPDATE: the previously accepted answer no longer works, so I unselected it as the answer. The PPA dmitrij.ledkov/ppa is missing now. Thanks to Pkunk at #btrfs, I posted a new solution below.

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• Incremental file system backups

  - by brunopereira81

  I use Virtual Box a lot for distro / applications testing purposes. One of the features I simply love about it is virtual machines snapshots, its saves a state of a virtual machine and is able to restore it to its former glory if something you did went wrong without any problems and without consuming your all hard disk space. On my live systems I know how to create a 1:1 image of the file system but all the solutions I'v known will create a new image of the complete file system. Are there any programs / file systems that are capable of taking a snapshot of a current file system, save it on another location but instead of making a complete new image it creates incremental backups? To easy describe what I want, it should be as dd images of a file system, but instead of only a full backup it would also create incremental. I am not looking for clonezilla, etc. It should run within the system itself with no (or almost none) intervention from the user, but contain all the data of the file systems.

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• What happens to remounted data/directories

  - by cauon

  According to suggestions in this post I am trying to improve my system to run better with a Solid State Drive. But regarding to RAMdisks and /etc/fstab usage I have some understanding problems coming up. So let's say I add the following lines to /etc/fstab tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,nodiratime,mode=0755 0 0 I know that on startup these locations should now get mounted into the RAM (hopefully). But what happens to the physical space that was mounted on those places before? Is it gone? Will it be back when I edit my /etc/fstab back to the Version without tmpfs? Will the space still be allocated on my SSD in a way that I can't use it for any other data? Sometimes it is suggested to add the following line, too: none /var/cache aufs dirs=/tmp:/var/cache=ro 0 0 What does this actually do? I noticed that /var/cache takes almost 1GB of space on my harddisk. So should i clear the directory before activating this line? (this is related to the former question) This causes me some confusions and I hope you can give me some clarifications. UPDATE I've downloaded a image with 600MB in size into /tmp that is mounted with the tmpfs settings above. Now I wanted to compare the RAM usage before and after the download. I expect the RAM usage to be increased by 600MB after the download. But the System Monitoring Tool showed me no changes at all. How can this be? Does tmpfs work other than I actually expect it to?

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• Can't set permissions for files on an NTFS partition

  - by ashishsony

  I remember that I was able to run a Linux .exe that was placed on an NTFS partition earlier before I installed 10.10 RC. But if I try to run it now, I can't run it as it hasn't the execution permission. The bad part is that I can't change the permissions too. I'm chmod-ding +x but no change at all with its permissions. So this seems to be a bug? Any help? Though when I put it on ext4 partition, I can set the permission. But I want to do this as I did before, right from its default NTFS location.

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• Why do my gvfs mounts not show up under ~/.gvfs?

  - by kynan

  From what I read, when mounting a network share via nautilus or gvfs-mount the mount point should be in ~/.gvfs. This seems not to be the case for me: I tried mounting both an FTP and SMB share via both nautilus and gvfs-mount under both Ubuntu Maverick and Natty and in none of the cases did I see any mount point under ~/.gvfs. I can access the shares just find in nautilus, but I want to have access via the command line, which is why I need a mount point in the file system. Edit: Debugging following James Henstridge's answer and enzotib's comment revealed that on my laptop gvfs-fuse-daemon is running and consequently gvfs mounts show up in ~/.gvfs, whereas on the 2 workstations where ~/.gvfs remained empty gvfs-fuse-daemon was not running. On all 3 machines there are other gvfs processes running: gvfsd, gvfs-afc-volume-monitor, ... On the laptop, mount | fgrep gvfs yields gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/xxx/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=xxx) That raises the questions: How are shares mounted without gvfs-fuse-daemon running? Is there no mount point created in that case and is every access to the share a gvfs library call? Which daemon is responsible? gvfsd? What's the role of gvfs-fuse-daemon? Does it only create a fuse mount point in ~/.gvfs?

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• Change permission to mount disk at rdesktop

  - by Tal

  I have ubuntu 10.04 and have installed rdesktop 1.7. I have run these commands: sudo umount /media/Tal sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=0000 /dev/sdb1 /media/Tal rdesktop -0 -r sound:local -f -u administrator -r clipboard:PRIMARYCLIPBOARD -r disk:tal=/media/Tal myip Tal is external hard drive connecting at USB in ntfs file system. I connect to windows 7 I see the hard drive in computer and I can access to files and create new files and folders, But when I try to copy a new file to a folder he show me an error message: You need permission perform this action Your require permission from computer's administrator to make changes to this folder Tal on my computername Disk from Remote Desktop Connection. I try chmod and chown too but I read I linux forum when it ntfs is no use. Some one can help me with my problem?

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• How to apply disk quota in ubuntu server on a VPS?

  - by Pedram

  I have a VPS with ubuntu server 10.04 installed on it.Now I want to have some shell users with limited home folder size. It seems quota is the best way to do this, but all tutorials require editing /etc/fstab and add usrquota or grpquota to /home partition options. As my /etc/fstab looks like this: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw 0 0 how can I apply quota?

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• How to move Ubuntu to an SSD

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  My current situation is: One hard disk Dual boot Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7. Partitions: 100MB Windows System thingy 144GB Main Windows 160GB Ubuntu 4GB Swap 12GB System Restore stuff Now I want to install an 80GB SSD and move Ubuntu to it. AFAIK I need to: Shrink the 160GB Ubuntu partition to 80GB Copy it over to the SSD Change fstab to mount the SSD as / How do I do the second? And what do I need to do about Grub?

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• "merging" multiple hardrives for Ubuntu 14.04 install

  - by Thijser

  I have 3 hardrives inside my laptop 2 of which currently house other opperating systems but have a empty partitions of 8 and 9 gigabye and the third is just 12 gB (currently not partitioned at all). Now each of these 3 is to small to be useful to me, however combined they are 29gigs which can easily hold a ubuntu installation, and associated programs. Is there a way set up my installation in such a way that it threads these 3 disks as one? Or is there a way by which I can make it default storage of many things into one drive (downloads and sudo apt-get install for example) to one drive while keeping ubuntu onto another?

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• How to fix file system's CHS geometry?

  - by eigenein

  I'm trying to check FAT16 file system with GParted and the check fails with the following message: The file system's CHS geometry is (484, 16383, 63) is invalid. The partition table's CHS geometry is (31130, 255, 63). If you select Ignore, the file system's CHS geometry will be left unchanged. If you select Fix, the file system's geometry will be set to match the partition table's CHS geometry. The check just fails without any Ignore/Fix prompting. How do I fix this?

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• Making files generally available on Linux system (when security is relatively unimportant)?

  - by Ole Thomsen Buus

  Hi, I am using Ubuntu 9.10 on a stationary PC. I have a secondary 1 TB harddrive with a single big logical partition (currently formatted as ext4). It is mounted as /usr3 with options user, exec in /etc/fstab. I am doing highspeed imaging experiments. Well, only 260fps, but that still creates many individual files since each frames is saved as one png-file. The stationary is not used by anyone other than me which is why the default security model posed by ubuntu is not necessary. What is the best way to make the entire contents of /usr3 generally available on all systems. In case I need to move the harddrive to another Ubuntu 9.x or 10.x machine? When grabbing image with the firewire camera I use a selfmade grabbing software-utility (console based) in sudo-mode. This creates all files with root as owner and group. I am logged in as user otb and usually I do the following when having to make files generally available to otb: sudo chown otb -R * sudo chgrp otb -R * sudo chmod a=rwx -R * This takes some time since the disk now contains individual ~200000 files. After this, how would linux behave if I moved the harddrive to another system where the user otb is also available? Would the files still be accessible without sudo use?

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• Problem with Free sapce

  - by Andrew Neely

  I was zeroing out the free space on my Ubuntu 12.04 using sfill, when the command stopped responding and I had to reboot the machine. Now, the system says that it has no space left, and that it is running in low graphics mode. Before this happened, I had nearly 500 gig free. df says there are 0 bytes free. df -i reports only 2% of INODES used. I've run fsck and it didn't resolve the issue. What can I do to resolve the issue?

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• How can I optimise ext4 for reliability?

  - by amin

  As ext4 was introduced as more reliable than ext3 with block journals, is there any chance to suppose it 100% reliable? What if enabling block journaling on it, which is disabled by default? As friend's guide to explain my case in more detail: I have an embedded linux device, after installation keyboard and monitor is detached and it works standalone. My duty is to make sure it has reliable file-system so with errors there is no way for manual correct faults on device. I can't force my customer to use a ups with each device to ensure no fault by power-failure. What more can ext4 offer me besides block journaling? Thanks in advance.

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