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  • Can I mix drive types in an HP server?

    - by Generic Error
    I currently have the following setup: HP DL380 G4 Server 6 x 73GB, Ultra160, 10k, SCSI 80 Pin Drives Smart Array 6i Controller RAID 5 One of the drives is failing and needs to be replaced. I have on hand drives that are the same size and type, but are Ultra320, 15k instead. I have verified that these drives work in another system with the same type of drive controller. When I plug one of these in the system simply reports the drive as being offline and has nothing further to do with it. From what I have read these drives should be compatable. Should this work at all and if so, what might be preventing it?

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  • TrueCrypt partition will no longer mount

    - by sparkyuiop
    I am hoping for some advice to help me out of my situation, with luck. I have a computer running Windows 7 Ultimate x64 with 3 hard disks installed. On my 2TB hard disk 2 (non-system disk) I have 4 partitions. One is for music, another for video, a downloads partition and a 500GB RAW Truecrypt encrypted partition / volume that I had setup to mount with 4 photographs used as keyfiles. The 4 photographs are located in my 'Documents' partition which is one of four partitions on my 1.5TB hard disk 1 (non-system disk) When I setup the disk encryption I did not (I'm 99% sure) create a password, I only used the 4 photograph keyfiles to mount the volume. Recently my 1TB hard disk 0 (system / boot) started to fail so I decided to replace it. I was going to clone the old disk to a new disk but decided that a fresh installation would be more beneficial. Once I had transferred all the required 'User Data' from my old hard disk 0 (C: disk) I discarded it. I reinstalled Truecrypt, pointed to the partition, selected my 4 keyfiles photographs and I mounted my encrypted volume with no issues. In fact I mounted it several times after re-installing Windows and after reboots. Now all of a sudden when I try and mount it I get the message "incorrect keyfile(s) and/or password or not a Truecrypt volume". Now I am not sure why this happened as I do not recall exactly what I did between last mounting the volume successfully and it not mounting. Here are some of the possible things I may have done to cause it to stop working but I am at a loss as to where to start to try and resolve the problem. 1. I had swapped the drive letters to a preferred order. 2. I possibly swapped the physical SATA connectors on the mainboard. 3. I enabled 'Hot Plugging' for the two non-system hard disk SATA ports and the DVD SATA port in the BIOS. I have tried changing the encrypted partition drive letter as suggested in another post but this does not help. On my old system the encrypted drive was drive "X". I have about tried it with all the other free drive letters but alas nothing changes. I do not recall what drive letter was allocated to the encrypted partition before I changed them all. I have not tried to change the letter back to what it possibly was to start with as I am happy with the current layout. I will try this is anyone thinks it would be worthwhile though. I do hope I have managed to convey my situation in an understandable manner and live in hope someone could help me recover years of personal files. Thank you very much for taking the time to read my post and for any suggestions you may offer. Regards Phillip Thorne (UK) Anyone???

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  • Fixed or consistent mount location for a USB hard drive

    - by Journeyman Geek
    I store my music on an external hard drive, and play them with foobar2k. However, the drive letter changes, which usually means I need to rebuild a fairly large playlist every so often. I'm wondering if there's a way to reserve a drive letter for a specific external device (or type of device) by device ID or volume name, or if I'm better off using a NTFS mount point, and re-mounting the drive to a folder each time. I'm using either a Windows XP or 7 system, and the external drive is NTFS.

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  • New 2.5" hard drive for laptop - What to compare?

    - by TFM
    I'm having trouble finding a new (bigger) hard drive for my laptop. I came across some criteria that I never thought about before, while I was checking a price comparison site. Of course, that made me more confused. First of all, I will probably go with something above 250 GB, and at least 16 MB cache. Now the confusing part: Most new drives are 7200 RPM, as opposed to good old 5400 RPM. 7200 RPM used to mean extra heat, but suddenly it's almost impossible to find a 5400 RPM in 2.5". What did I miss? Second question: Internal data transfer rate. My old drive has a rate of around 60 MB, but new drives have values like 100 MB or more (e.g. 150 MB). How important is this "internal data transfer rate"?

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  • BI Applications Test Drive: Joint Partner+Oracle Go To Market Initiatives

    - by Mike.Hallett(at)Oracle-BI&EPM
     A challenge you may be facing is how to easily show the business value of BI to a set of customers.  The key we find to achieve this is to show best in class business analytic examples specific to a business person's role and needs - e.g. "HR analytics" for HR professionals, "Spend Analytics" for procurement professionals, and so on. We have created for you, our specialised partners, the ability to run Oracle BI Applications Test Drive Workshops for your customers. These are carefully scripted to allow a customer business person (usually not IT) to navigate for themselves around a series of dashboards and analysis targetted to show how BI can help their business and drive ROI. These Oracle BI Applications Test Drive kits (in English) are now downloadable from our OMS4P/OPN portal . See it by clicking on this link:http://www.oracle.com/partners/secure/marketing/bi-apps-test-drive-519829.htmlThis kit translation into Italian, French, Spanish and German will be added to this portal soon. NOTE: These are not designed for "training" customers: they really address the need for an effective call to action for any customer you talk to who is in the early stages of exploring their options and the business benefits of a BI project, especially if they are already an Oracle applications customer (eBusiness suite, Peoplesoft, Siebel, JDE). For more demand generation kits see another blog article "Joint Partner+Oracle Go To Market Initiatives: BI Customer Event Kits"

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  • Swap drive not operating correctly

    - by Blue Ice
    At first, I started seeing the warning signs. The halting pages. The molasses speed of the windows closing. The pictures not rendering. Then, I took action. Recently I added a swap drive to my computer. For a while, everything was good. Unicorns frolicked among the new bits and bytes resplendent on the shiny metal platter known as my swap drive. Today, I opened Chromium, and got on the 7th tab (start.csail.mit.edu) "He's dead, Jim!". This used to happen before I added my swap drive, but now I thought that it wouldn't happen because I added more memory. I fear for the safety of the unicorns. Please help me make my swap drive work again. As a side note, here is the result of cat /proc/swaps: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda5 partition 39075836 213896 -1 Result of free: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 507472 330792 176680 0 6208 71252 -/+ buffers/cache: 253332 254140 Result of df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 147G 8.9G 130G 7% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 240M 12K 240M 1% /dev tmpfs 50M 824K 49M 2% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 248M 208K 248M 1% /run/shm none 100M 20K 100M 1% /run/user

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  • Need help with exploring a USB drive

    - by Bob Getsla
    When I plug in a USB drive, I see it on the left hand edge of the Unity desktop (11.10, 64 bit) but when I try to explore it, VLC starts and tries to play whatever it can find in the USB drive. This behavior began when I updated from 11.04 to 11.10. I literally cannot look into the contents of any of the USB drives I have, because I cannot stop VLC, nor can I do anything when I click Open other than watch VLC start up. This is very frustrating because it makes my USB sticks essentially useless. HELP! I'm sure that there is something a wizard could do about this, but I am not a wizard, and I am at my wits ends. Trying to get to the System Settings menu works, and I can see the setup for "Removable" devices, and they are all set to "Ask" but that is clearly not what is happening. So it looks like I must reach for the command line, but where do I go to find the settings for what the desktop does when I plug in a USB drive and wish to explore the file structure in it and possible copy a file into the USB or from the USB drive. Right now, VLC media player is always getting in my way. :-(

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  • Discs in DVD Drive not being read

    - by I Heart Ubuntu
    Does anyone have an experience with Ubuntu that is no longer reading discs in the DVD drive? This is my first time Ubuntu does not see the disc :| The disc is fine and works on my other Ubuntu computers. The drive is there and powered. I can even type in eject in a terminal and the drive will open. Using the command: sudo lshw -C disk I am able to see info about my drive too. Actually BOTH of my internal DVD drives cannot read discs anymore. If the output is not readable below, here is the info in pastebin. http://pastebin.com/GqqSCTPw *-cdrom:0 description: DVD writer product: DVD_RW ND-3500AG vendor: _NEC physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom1 logical name: /dev/cdrw1 logical name: /dev/dvd1 logical name: /dev/dvdrw1 logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: 2.1B serial: [_NEC DVD_RW ND-3500AG2.1B06022300BT-LIGGY capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-cdrom:1 description: DVD-RAM writer product: CDDVDW SH-S222A vendor: TSSTcorp physical id: 0.1.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.1.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd1 logical name: /dev/sr1 version: SB01 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

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  • Compiling GCC or Clang for thumb drive on OSX

    - by user105524
    I have a mac book that I don't have admin rights to which I would like to be able to use either GCC or clang. Since I lack admin right I can't install binutils or a compiler to /usr directory. My plan is to install both of these (using an old macbook that I do have admin rights for) to a flash drive and then run the compiler off of there. How would one go building gcc or clang so that it could run just off of a thumb drive? I've tried both but haven't had any success. I've tried doing it defining as many of the directories as possible through configure, but haven't been able to successfully build. My current configure script for gcc-4.8.1 is (where USB20D is the thumb drive): ../gcc-4.8.1/configure --prefix=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr \ --with-local-prefix=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/local \ --with-native-system-header-dir=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/include \ --with-as=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran\ --with-ld=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ --with-build-time-tools=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin \ AR=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ar \ AS=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ RANLIB=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ranlib \ LD=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ NM=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/nm \ LIPO=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/lipo \ AR_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ar \ AS_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/as \ RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ranlib \ LD_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/ld \ NM_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/nm \ LIPO_FOR_TARGET=/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/bin/lipo CFLAGS=" -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -B/Volumes/USB20FD/bin -isystem/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/include -static-libgcc -v -L/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib " \ LDFLAGS=" -Z -lc -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -L/Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib -lgcc -syslibroot /Volumes/USB20FD/usr/lib/crt1.10.6.o " Any obvious ideas of which of these options need to be turned on to install the appropriate files on the thumb drive during installation? What other magic occurs during xcode installation which isn't occurring here? Thanks for any suggestions

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  • Media Drive Permissions

    - by Wade Wofford
    I just switched from a Hackintosh to Linux, and am trying to make sense of it. On my hackintosh, I partitioned a big drive into 3 parts--1 which holds music, 1 for film/tv, and one for the OS. I installed Ubuntu onto the OS partition, and am now trying to make it so I can write to the media drives. I've searched around and tried several things. I tried gksu nautilus in Terminal, which brought me into root permissions. When I select a folder and try to change permissions, I get "The owner could not be changed...Error setting owner: Read-only file system" Ultimately, I have two specific aims: - I want to make it so I can write to the film/tv drive from the ubuntu machine only - I want to make it so I can write to the music drive from the ubuntu machine, or any other machine on the network (all Macs). That is, I want a single music library (an iTunes file) that will serve all Mac laptops/iPads/iPhones on the network, but which XBMC on the Ubuntu machine can also see / read from. Music will be added to the iTunes library via a single Mac laptop, but all other devices should be able to see the music drive.

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  • external hard drive not detected after ubuntu crash [restarting machine]

    - by Netmoon
    today i tried to watch movie [with vlc media player] from my external hard drive [expansion portable 500 GB], and it's play good, then pause the movie and play it again, and my Ubuntu crashed! [Ubuntu 12.04]i had to restart the machine, so did it, but after that Ubuntu can't recognize this hard drive! i changed USB cable but it was not effective. this is my dmesg command result : [ 191.281630] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 9 using ehci_hcd [ 191.353527] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.529115] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.704669] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ehci_hcd [ 191.776524] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 191.952202] usb 2-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [ 192.127772] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd [ 192.534742] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 11, error -32 [ 192.606749] usb 2-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 12 using ehci_hcd [ 193.013696] usb 2-1.3: device not accepting address 12, error -32 [ 193.013906] hub 2-1:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3 note: I am able to hear the sound of the external drive lens. When attach hard drive to usb port, the status light goes on, but it's low bright and i think its power is low! try to mount in Microsoft Windows 7, but nothing happened.

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  • ubuntu 12.04 installer does not recognize drive partitions

    - by endless forms
    I recently purchased a new HP Pavilion HPE desktop running Windows 7. I am trying to install a dual-boot system with 12.04. However, when I run the LiveCD I only get as far as the "Install" window where you can select the partitions for your drives. On the bottom where it says "device for boot loader installation" I have "/dev/sda" and cannot select any other devices. All the options to change the drives are greyed out, most likely because there are no drives in the window. I partitioned my largest drive using the tools within Windows, then booted into the CD, but nothing shows up. I then used Gparted to change the new space from unallocated to an /ext2, and still nothing shows up. The installer does not recognize anything, but when I go into an Ubuntu session and use the disk utility manager I can see the partitions I made. Anything I do has to be done outside of the installer. I have no files on this new computer, so this is the perfect time to install a parallel OS. I would like avoid completely reinstalling Windows, however. I've been over the forums many times, but all the answers I've found have not worked for me. I also tried flagging the new, empty partition as boot, but that screwed Windows up. Also, the WUBI installer hits the same point and quits. I know that the disk itself is fine because I just made another dual boot system on a Gateway PC. This makes me think something within this computer is preventing the installer from "seeing" the drives. Any help would be much appreciated! Edit in response: The main part of the partitioning window shows no partitions, everything is blank. There is no way to add partitions, and all the buttons are useless. I've tried defragging my drive multiple times, and I also used the same disk to dual-boot another PC with no problems, so it's not the disk, it's definitely the computer.

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  • Drive reporting incorrect free space

    - by Oli
    So I swapped my shiny SATA SSD for an even shinier PCI-E SSD. I run my core OS on the SSD because it's silly-fast. I did this on my old SSD so I created a new EXT4 partition and then just dded the data across (sorry I don't know the exact command I ran anymore) and after reinstalling grub, I booted onto the PCI-E SSD. At first glance everything had worked perfectly and things were running faster than ever. But then I noticed the free disk space on the new, larger drive: it was almost exactly the same as it was on the other disk... A disk that was half its size. So it looks as if I've copied the files across incorrectly and it's copied some of the filesystem metadata along with it. Tools like du and Disk Usage Analyzer come back with the correct figures. Things that look at the partition (and not the files) seem to think the drive is 120GB I've been using this drive for a week now so it's way out of sync with the old SSD so dumping the data and starting again isn't a job that fills me with joy but two questions: Is there a way to fix my filesystem so it knows what it's really on about? fsck e2fsck and badblocks all seem to be able to scan it without finding a problem with it. If I do plug my old SSD back in, copy the data off my PCI-E on to it and then copy it back onto a fresh filesystem (eg juggle the data around), what's the best way of doing that? I obviously want to keep all the permissions and softlinks where they are.

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  • My new hard drive won't automount on boot

    - by user518
    I installed a new hard drive right before installing the new Ubuntu 11.10 by reformatting, not upgrading. I was able to mount my drive, and partition it. It's a 1TB, and I was able to transfer all of my music, and videos to it. For some reason, it won't mount on boot, and I can't figure out how to manually mount it afterwards either. Here's my current /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=e0fbdf09-f9a0-4336-bac3-ba4dc6cfbcc0 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=adf15180-c84c-4309-bc9f-085fd7464f89 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sdc1 /media/sdc1 ext4 defaults 0 0 The last line is what I added for my hard drive. Here's the output from sudo lshw -C disk: % sudo lshw -C disk ~ *-disk:0 description: ATA Disk product: ST3250310AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 3.AD serial: 6RYBF2QE size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000da204 *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD+-RW DH-16A6S vendor: PLDS physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: YD11 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

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  • Mounting a new hard drive (sda1) to my existing filesystem

    - by shank22
    I tried to read some posts regarding mounting a new hard drive, but I am facing some problem. My new hard drive is sda1. The output of sudo fdisk -l is: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 999.7 GB, 999653638144 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121534 cylinders, total 1952448512 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00016485 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 1935822847 967910400 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1935824894 1952446463 8310785 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1935824896 1952446463 8310784 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x78dbcdc1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1953521663 976759808 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT What should be done to add this new sda1 hard drive on booting up? What should be added in the /etc/fstab file? I have not performed any partition on the new sda1 drive. I need help on how to proceed from scratch and can't afford to take any risk. Please help!

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  • Installing 11.10 on flash drive failed

    - by lakshitha
    This is my problem. I burned Ubuntu 11.10 iso to a CD. I was able to boot my PC with it. I plugged in my flash drive, and inserted the CD and restarted the computer to boot Ubuntu. I then chose to install Ubuntu alongside with Windows (XP prof.). Then I was able to select my flash drive as the installation location. I prepared partitons by dragging a bar and allocating the size for the Ubuntu installation, and for other files. I set 3GB for ubuntu and 1GB for other files. The pen drive was partitioned and files installed on it. After sucess I ejected the CD to restart the PC to use the new OS. When it restarted I expected to be asked to select an OS to boot. But I could only boot with Windows XP. Properties of my flash drive show its total capacity is 1GB. The partitioned 3GB is missing. How can I boot with the USB stick? How can I get my 4GB USB stick back?

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  • How can I remove all drivers and other files related to a USB Mass Storage device?

    - by Bob
    I have a flash drive here that does not work on one OS on computer - let's call it the desktop Windows 7. It works fine on another computer - laptop Windows 7. It also works fine on Windows 8 on the same desktop computer. Other flash drives work fine under desktop Windows 7. So not a hardware issue, not a generic USB Mass Storage driver issue. It's something specific to this drive. On desktop Windows 7, I can connect the drive but no volume comes up under Windows Explorer. Ditto for Disk Management. With diskpart, loading hangs until I unplug the drive, if I replug it and try list disk it hangs again. If I unplug the drive at this point, list disk prints out all attached drives - including the just removed flash drive. The drive consistently appears under Device Manager, but uninstalling the drivers, restarting and reinstalling the drivers (by inserting the drive) only works for the first insertion. After that it fails again. I get the feeling that the driver files are not actually removed, and are corrupted, meaning every reinstall it's the same corrupted drivers being installed. Is there any way to remove these drivers completely? Or perhaps some other setting Windows 7 retains? Formatting the drive through another computer/OS does not help. I've also tried a complete wipe and rebuild of the MBR and single partition. The allocation unit size makes no difference; neither does a NTFS format. This is a relatively small matter, and I would not like to reinstall the entire OS!

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  • How can I change the file name of the Program Files (x86) folder?

    - by Madrauk
    Let me stop you before the "you shouldn't do that" and "you will corrupt your file paths". I know what I'm doing, but I'll give you the story to convince you. Basically, my hard drive is failing to the point where programs installed on it are not responding consistently. So, in preparation for my replacement, I'm moving as many files as possible to my secondary because the new drive will be smaller (it's an emergency I can't buy a fancy expensive new drive) and so I can actually use my computer until the new drive comes in. The basic idea behind what I'm doing is I've copied the contents of the Program Files x86 folder to another spot on my other drive, and I want to replace the original folder in the C drive with a symbolic link that points to the other drive, so the programs can run from that drive and be fine but it will save space on my C drive and simplify the moving process when the new one comes in. To do that, I need to rename the program files folder, make the symbolic link, hopefully delete the program files folder, then restart my computer so all the programs are running properly and I can confirm it works. Now that I've told you why, can anyone help me out?

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  • SQL Sentry Truth-Telling and Disk Configuration

    - by AjarnMark
    Recently, SQL Sentry told me something about my SQL Server disk configurations that I just didn’t want to believe, but alas, it was true. Several days ago I posted my First Impressions of the SQL Sentry Power Suite.  Today’s post could fall into the category of, “Hey, as long as you have that fancy tool…”  Unfortunately, it also falls into the category of an overloaded worker taking someone else’s word for the truth, not verifying it with independent fact-checking, and then making decisions based on that.  Here’s my story… I’m not exactly an Accidental DBA (or Involuntary DBA as Paul Randal calls it).  I came to this company five years ago as a lead application developer with extensive experience in database design and development.  I worked my way into management, and along the way, took over the DBA responsibilities.  Fortunately, our systems run pretty smoothly most of the time, but I’m always looking for ways to make them better and to fit into my understanding of best practices.  When I took over as DBA, I inherited a SQL 2000 server with about 30 databases on it supporting our main systems, and a SQL 2005 server with multiple instances.  Both of these servers were configured with the Operating System and Application files on the C drive, data files on a different drive letter, and log files on a third drive letter.  Even before I took over as DBA, I verified that this was true with a previous server administrator, and that these represented actual separate disks.  He stated that they did, and I thought that all was well. Then one day, I’m poking around inside the SQL Sentry Performance Advisor, checking out features as I am evaluating whether to purchase the product, and I come across a Disk Configuration section.  The first thing I notice is that the drives do not have the proper partition offset, which was not at all surprising to me given the age of the installation and the relative newness of that topic.  But what threw me for a loop was that the graphic display appeared to be telling me that I did not in fact have three separate drives (or arrays) but rather had two, and that the log files were merely on a separate volume on the same physical array as the OS.  I figured that I must be reading it wrong so I scanned the Help file, but that just seemed to confirm my interpretation.  Then I thought, “there must be something wrong with the demo version of the software!  This can’t be right!”  But just to double-check, I went to our current server admin to talk it over with him, and sure enough, SQL Sentry was telling the truth! I was stunned!  I quickly went through the grieving process…denial…anger…reconciliation.  Here was something that I thought was such a basic truth that was turned upside down.  OK, granted, this wasn’t disastrous.  Our databases didn’t suddenly grind to a halt.  I didn’t get calls late at night inquiring about the sudden downturn in performance.  But it was a bit of a shock to the system, in a good way, to jolt me out of taking what I had believed as the truth for granted, and instead to Trust, but Verify! Yes, before someone else points it out, I know that there are”free” disk management tools built-in to Windows that would have told me the same thing if I had only looked at them; I did not have to buy a fancy tool to tell me that, but the fact is, until I was evaluating the tool, I had just gone with what I was told, and never bothered to check what was actually there. So, what things do you believe to be true but you actually never verified?

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  • Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 6

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Discuss the physical characteristics of magnetic disks Describe how data is organized and accessed on a magnetic disk Discuss the parameters that play a role in the performance of magnetic disks Describe different optical memory devices Magnetic Disk The way data is stored on and retried from magnetic disks Data is recorded on and later retrieved form the disk via a conducting coil named the head (in many systems there are two heads) The writ mechanism exploits the fact that electricity flowing through a coil produces a magnetic field. Electric pulses are sent to the write head, and the resulting magnetic patterns are recorded on the surface below with different patterns for positive and negative currents The physical characteristics of a magnetic disk   Summarize from book   The factors that play a role in the performance of a disk Seek time – the time it takes to position the head at the track Rotational delay / latency – the time it takes for the beginning of the sector to reach the head Access time – the sum of the seek time and rotational delay Transfer time – the time it takes to transfer data RAID The rate of improvement in secondary storage performance has been considerably less than the rate for processors and main memory. Thus secondary storage has become a bit of a bottleneck. RAID works on the concept that if one disk can be pushed so far, additional gains in performance are to be had by using multiple parallel components. Points to note about RAID… RAID is a set of physical disk drives viewed by the operating system as a single logical drive Data is distributed across the physical drives of an array in a scheme known as striping Redundant disk capacity is used to store parity information, which guarantees data recoverability in case of a disk failure (not supported by RAID 0 or RAID 1) Interesting to note that the increase in the number of drives, increases the probability of failure. To compensate for this decreased reliability RAID makes use of stored parity information that enables the recovery of data lost due to a disk failure.   The RAID scheme consists of 7 levels…   Category Level Description Disks Required Data Availability Large I/O Data Transfer Capacity Small I/O Request Rate Striping 0 Non Redundant N Lower than single disk Very high Very high for both read and write Mirroring 1 Mirrored 2N Higher than RAID 2 – 5 but lower than RAID 6 Higher than single disk Up to twice that of a signle disk for read Parallel Access 2 Redundant via Hamming Code N + m Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Parallel Access 3 Bit interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Highest of all listed alternatives Approximately twice that of a single disk Independent Access 4 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than single disk for write Independent Access 5 Block interleaved parity N + 1 Much higher than single disk Similar to RAID 0 for read, lower than single disk for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, generally  lower than single disk for write Independent Access 6 Block interleaved parity N + 2 Highest of all listed alternatives Similar to RAID 0 for read; lower than RAID 5 for write Similar to RAID 0 for read, significantly lower than RAID 5  for write   Read page 215 – 221 for detailed explanation on RAID levels Optical Memory There are a variety of optical-disk systems available. Read through the table on page 222 – 223 Some of the devices include… CD CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD DVD-R DVD-RW Blue-Ray DVD Magnetic Tape Most modern systems use serial recording – data is lade out as a sequence of bits along each track. The typical recording used in serial is referred to as serpentine recording. In this technique when data is being recorded, the first set of bits is recorded along the whole length of the tape. When the end of the tape is reached the heads are repostioned to record a new track, and the tape is again recorded on its whole length, this time in the opposite direction. That process continued back and forth until the tape is full. To increase speed, the read-write head is capable of reading and writing a number of adjacent tracks simultaneously. Data is still recorded serially along individual tracks, but blocks in sequence are stored on adjacent tracks as suggested. A tape drive is a sequential access device. Magnetic tape was the first kind of secondary memory. It is still widely used as the lowest-cost, slowest speed member of the memory hierarchy.

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  • linux raid 1: right after replacing and syncing one drive, the other disk fails - understanding what is going on with mdstat/mdadm

    - by devicerandom
    We have an old RAID 1 Linux server (Ubuntu Lucid 10.04), with four partitions. A few days ago /dev/sdb failed, and today we noticed /dev/sda had pre-failure ominous SMART signs (~4000 reallocated sector count). We replaced /dev/sdb this morning and rebuilt the RAID on the new drive, following this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/replacing_hard_disks_in_a_raid1_array Everything went smooth until the very end. When it looked like it was finishing to synchronize the last partition, the other old one failed. At this point I am very unsure of the state of the system. Everything seems working and the files seem to be all accessible, just as if it synchronized everything, but I'm new to RAID and I'm worried about what is going on. The /proc/mdstat output is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sdb4[2](S) sda4[0] 478713792 blocks [2/1] [U_] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[2](F) 9764800 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> The order of [_U] vs [U_]. Why aren't they consistent along all the array? Is the first U /dev/sda or /dev/sdb? (I tried looking on the web for this trivial information but I found no explicit indication) If I read correctly for md0, [_U] should be /dev/sda1 (down) and /dev/sdb1 (up). But if /dev/sda has failed, how can it be the opposite for md3 ? I understand /dev/sdb4 is now spare because probably it failed to synchronize it 100%, but why does it show /dev/sda4 as up? Shouldn't it be [__]? Or [_U] anyway? The /dev/sda drive now cannot even be accessed by SMART anymore apparently, so I wouldn't expect it to be up. What is wrong with my interpretation of the output? I attach also the outputs of mdadm --detail for the four partitions: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:07 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:27:33 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : a3b4dbbd:859bf7f2:bde36644:fcef85e2 Events : 0.7704 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:15 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:39:06 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 8bcd5765:90dc93d5:cc70849c:224ced45 Events : 0.1508280 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 2 8 2 - faulty spare /dev/sda2 /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:19 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:46:44 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 2885668b:881cafed:b8275ae8:16bc7171 Events : 0.2289636 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - faulty spare /dev/sda3 /dev/md3: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:22 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:19:20 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4 The active sync on /dev/sda4 baffles me. I am worried because if tomorrow morning I have to replace /dev/sda, I want to be sure what should I sync with what and what is going on. I am also quite baffled by the fact /dev/sda decided to fail exactly when the raid finished resyncing. I'd like to understand what is really happening. Thanks a lot for your patience and help. Massimo

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  • Secure wipe of a hard drive using WinPE.

    - by Derek Meier
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} The wiping of a hard drive is typically seen as fairly trivial.  There are tons of applications out there that will do it for you.  Point àClickàGlobal-Thermo Nuclear War. However, these applications are typically expensive or unreliable.  Plus, if you have a laptop or lack a secondary computer to put the hard drive into – how on earth do you wipe it quickly and easily while still conforming to a 7 pass rule (this means that every possible bit on the hard drive is set to 0 and then to 1 seven times in a row)?  Yes, one pass should be enough – as turning every bit from a 1 to a zero will wipe the data from existence.  But, we’re dealing with tinfoil hat wearing types here people.  DOD standards dictate at least 3 passes, and typically 7 is the preferred amount.  I’m not going to argue about data recovery.  I have been told to use 7 passes, and so I will.  So say we all! Quite some time ago I used to make a BartPE XP-based boot cd for the original purpose of securely wiping data.  I loved BartPE and integrated so many plugins into my builds that I could do pretty much anything directly from CD.  Reset passwords, uninstall security updates, wipe drives, chkdsk, remove spyware, install Windows, etc.  However, with the newer multi-core systems and new chipsets coming out from vendors, I found that BartPE was rather difficult to keep up to date.  I have since switched to WinPE 3.0 (Windows Preinstallation Environment). http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc748933(WS.10).aspx  It is fairly simple to create your own CD, and I have made a few helpful scripts to easily integrate drivers and rebuild the ISO file for you.  I’ll cover making your own boot CD utilizing WinPE 3.0 in a later post – I can talk about WinPE forever and need to collect my thoughts!!  My wife loves talking about WinPE almost as much as talking about Doctor Who.  Wait, did I say loves?  Hmmmm, I may have meant loathes. The topic at hand?  Right. Wiping a drive! I must have drunk too much coffee this morning.  I like to use a simple batch script that calls a combination of diskpart.exe from Microsoft® and Sdelete.exe created by our friend Mark Russinovich. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897443.aspx All of the following files are located within the same directory on my WinPE boot CD. Here are the contents of wipe_me.bat, script.txt and sdelete.reg. Wipe_me.bat:   @echo off echo. echo     I will completely wipe the local hard drives using echo     7 individual wipes. The data will NOT echo     be recoverable.  I will begin after you pause echo. echo Preparing to partition and format disk. Diskpart.exe /s "script.txt" REM I was annoyed by not having a completely automated script – and Sdelete wants you to accept the license agreement. So, I added a registry file to skip doing that. regedit /S sdelete.reg rem sdelete options selected are: -p (passes) -c (zero free space) -s (recurse through subdirectories, if any) -z (clean free space) [drive letter] sdelete.exe -p 7 -c -s -z c: echo. echo Pass seven complete. echo. echo Wiping complete. Pause exit script.txt: list disk select disk 0 clean create partition primary select partition 1 active format FS=NTFS LABEL="New Volume" QUICK assign letter=c exit *Notes: This script assumes one local hard drive – change the script as you see fit for your environment.  The clean command will overwrite the master boot record and any hidden sector information – so be careful!   sdelete.reg: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Sysinternals\SDelete] "EulaAccepted"=dword:00000001   With a combination of WinPE, sdelete.exe and your friendly neighborhood text editor you can begin wiping drives as quickly and easily as possible!  I hope this helps, I get asked this a lot in my line of work. Best of luck, Derek

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  • HFS+ hard drive being mounted as read only

    - by DNA
    This is a recurring problem and occurs a few times a week. I have an external hard drive which is hfs+. Every couple of weeks, for no obviuous reason, when I mount it by pluggin it in to my Ubuntu 11.10, it is read only and I can't copy any files into it. I gksudo nautlius and change the ownership and it magically works in some time. But returns to the read only state soon in a few hours-days without any rhyme or reason. Right now my fstab doesn't have any entry for my hard drive. What gives? What in the world is going on with Linux/HFS+? This is frustrating. I can't reformat my hard drive because I have almost a terrabyte of data in it and no receptacle to hold it while I reformat it.

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  • Cannot boot from SD card/flash drive on Macbook Pro 13" - boot fails after purple screen

    - by user3512567
    It's my first time using Ubuntu and I have run into some problems. I have a 16GB USB Flash drive and 16GB SDHC Card. I would prefer to use the SD card but either will do just fine if it helps with the solution. I Have a 13" Macbook Pro with no hard drive deeming the machine useless without an OS. I thought I could substitute the hard drive for a 16GB SD card with an Ubuntu ISO on it. I would like to plug in my SD card into my Macbook Pro, boot the Ubuntu ISO and do simple things such as use the browser for internet. The Problem: Whenever I boot my Macbook pro with the SD card that has the Ubuntu ISO, it loads at the purple logo screen and does not function. How can I resolve this issue?

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