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• Elfsign Object Signing on Solaris

  - by danx

  Elfsign Object Signing on Solaris Don't let this happen to you—use elfsign! Solaris elfsign(1) is a command that signs and verifies ELF format executables. That includes not just executable programs (such as ls or cp), but other ELF format files including libraries (such as libnvpair.so) and kernel modules (such as autofs). Elfsign has been available since Solaris 10 and ELF format files distributed with Solaris, since Solaris 10, are signed by either Sun Microsystems or its successor, Oracle Corporation. When an ELF file is signed, elfsign adds a new section the ELF file, .SUNW_signature, that contains a RSA public key signature and other information about the signer. That is, the algorithm used, algorithm OID, signer CN/OU, and time stamp. The signature section can later be verified by elfsign or other software by matching the signature in the file agains the ELF file contents (excluding the signature). ELF executable files may also be signed by a 3rd-party or by the customer. This is useful for verifying the origin and authenticity of executable files installed on a system. The 3rd-party or customer public key certificate should be installed in /etc/certs/ to allow verification by elfsign. For currently-released versions of Solaris, only cryptographic framework plugin libraries are verified by Solaris. However, all ELF files may be verified by the elfsign command at any time. Elfsign Algorithms Elfsign signatures are created by taking a digest of the ELF section contents, then signing the digest with RSA. To verify, one takes a digest of ELF file and compares with the expected digest that's computed from the signature and RSA public key. Originally elfsign took a MD5 digest of a SHA-1 digest of the ELF file sections, then signed the resulting digest with RSA. In Solaris 11.1 then Solaris 11.1 SRU 7 (5/2013), the elfsign crypto algorithms available have been expanded to keep up with evolving cryptography. The following table shows the available elfsign algorithms: Elfsign Algorithm Solaris Release Comments elfsign sign -F rsa_md5_sha1   S10, S11.0, S11.1 Default for S10. Not recommended* elfsign sign -F rsa_sha1 S11.1 Default for S11.1. Not recommended elfsign sign -F rsa_sha256 S11.1 patch SRU7+   Recommended ___ *Most or all CAs do not accept MD5 CSRs and do not issue MD5 certs due to MD5 hash collision problems. RSA Key Length. I recommend using RSA-2048 key length with elfsign is RSA-2048 as the best balance between a long expected "life time", interoperability, and performance. RSA-2048 keys have an expected lifetime through 2030 (and probably beyond). For details, see Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1: General, NIST Publication SP 800-57 part 1 (rev. 3, 7/2012, PDF), tables 2 and 4 (pp. 64, 67). Step 1: create or obtain a key and cert The first step in using elfsign is to obtain a key and cert from a public Certificate Authority (CA), or create your own self-signed key and cert. I'll briefly explain both methods. Obtaining a Certificate from a CA To obtain a cert from a CA, such as Verisign, Thawte, or Go Daddy (to name a few random examples), you create a private key and a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) file and send it to the CA, following the instructions of the CA on their website. They send back a signed public key certificate. The public key cert, along with the private key you created is used by elfsign to sign an ELF file. The public key cert is distributed with the software and is used by elfsign to verify elfsign signatures in ELF files. You need to request a RSA "Class 3 public key certificate", which is used for servers and software signing. Elfsign uses RSA and we recommend RSA-2048 keys. The private key and CSR can be generated with openssl(1) or pktool(1) on Solaris. Here's a simple example that uses pktool to generate a private RSA_2048 key and a CSR for sending to a CA: $ pktool gencsr keystore=file format=pem outcsr=MYCSR.p10 \ subject="CN=canineswworks.com,OU=Canine SW object signing" \ outkey=MYPRIVATEKEY.key $ openssl rsa -noout -text -in MYPRIVATEKEY.key Private-Key: (2048 bit) modulus: 00:d2:ef:42:f2:0b:8c:96:9f:45:32:fc:fe:54:94: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . c9:c7 publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001) privateExponent: 26:14:fc:49:26:bc:a3:14:ee:31:5e:6b:ac:69:83: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 81 prime1: 00:f6:b7:52:73:bc:26:57:26:c8:11:eb:6c:dc:cb: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bc:91:d0:40:d6:9d:ac:b5:69 prime2: 00:da:df:3f:56:b2:18:46:e1:89:5b:6c:f1:1a:41: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . f3:b7:48:de:c3:d9:ce:af:af exponent1: 00:b9:a2:00:11:02:ed:9a:3f:9c:e4:16:ce:c7:67: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 55:50:25:70:d3:ca:b9:ab:99 exponent2: 00:c8:fc:f5:57:11:98:85:8e:9a:ea:1f:f2:8f:df: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 23:57:0e:4d:b2:a0:12:d2:f5 coefficient: 2f:60:21:cd:dc:52:76:67:1a:d8:75:3e:7f:b0:64: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 06:94:56:d8:9d:5c:8e:9b $ openssl req -noout -text -in MYCSR.p10 Certificate Request: Data: Version: 2 (0x2) Subject: OU=Canine SW object signing, CN=canineswworks.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:d2:ef:42:f2:0b:8c:96:9f:45:32:fc:fe:54:94: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . c9:c7 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Attributes: Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption b3:e8:30:5b:88:37:68:1c:26:6b:45:af:5e:de:ea:60:87:ea: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 06:f9:ed:b4 Secure storage of RSA private key. The private key needs to be protected if the key signing is used for production (as opposed to just testing). That is, protect the key to protect against unauthorized signatures by others. One method is to use a PIN-protected PKCS#11 keystore. The private key you generate should be stored in a secure manner, such as in a PKCS#11 keystore using pktool(1). Otherwise others can sign your signature. Other secure key storage mechanisms include a SCA-6000 crypto card, a USB thumb drive stored in a locked area, a dedicated server with restricted access, Oracle Key Manager (OKM), or some combination of these. I also recommend secure backup of the private key. Here's an example of generating a private key protected in the PKCS#11 keystore, and a CSR. $ pktool setpin # use if PIN not set yet Enter token passphrase: changeme Create new passphrase: Re-enter new passphrase: Passphrase changed. $ pktool gencsr keystore=pkcs11 label=MYPRIVATEKEY \ format=pem outcsr=MYCSR.p10 \ subject="CN=canineswworks.com,OU=Canine SW object signing" $ pktool list keystore=pkcs11 Enter PIN for Sun Software PKCS#11 softtoken: Found 1 asymmetric public keys. Key #1 - RSA public key: MYPRIVATEKEY Here's another example that uses openssl instead of pktool to generate a private key and CSR: $ openssl genrsa -out cert.key 2048 $ openssl req -new -key cert.key -out MYCSR.p10 Self-Signed Cert You can use openssl or pktool to create a private key and a self-signed public key certificate. A self-signed cert is useful for development, testing, and internal use. The private key created should be stored in a secure manner, as mentioned above. The following example creates a private key, MYSELFSIGNED.key, and a public key cert, MYSELFSIGNED.pem, using pktool and displays the contents with the openssl command. $ pktool gencert keystore=file format=pem serial=0xD06F00D lifetime=20-year \ keytype=rsa hash=sha256 outcert=MYSELFSIGNED.pem outkey=MYSELFSIGNED.key \ subject="O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com" $ pktool list keystore=file objtype=cert infile=MYSELFSIGNED.pem Found 1 certificates. 1. (X.509 certificate) Filename: MYSELFSIGNED.pem ID: c8:24:59:08:2b:ae:6e:5c:bc:26:bd:ef:0a:9c:54:de:dd:0f:60:46 Subject: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Issuer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Not Before: Oct 17 23:18:00 2013 GMT Not After: Oct 12 23:18:00 2033 GMT Serial: 0xD06F00D0 Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption $ openssl x509 -noout -text -in MYSELFSIGNED.pem Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 3496935632 (0xd06f00d0) Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption Issuer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Validity Not Before: Oct 17 23:18:00 2013 GMT Not After : Oct 12 23:18:00 2033 GMT Subject: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:bb:e8:11:21:d9:4b:88:53:8b:6c:5a:7a:38:8b: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bf:77 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption 9e:39:fe:c8:44:5c:87:2c:8f:f4:24:f6:0c:9a:2f:64:84:d1: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5f:78:8e:e8 $ openssl rsa -noout -text -in MYSELFSIGNED.key Private-Key: (2048 bit) modulus: 00:bb:e8:11:21:d9:4b:88:53:8b:6c:5a:7a:38:8b: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . bf:77 publicExponent: 65537 (0x10001) privateExponent: 0a:06:0f:23:e7:1b:88:62:2c:85:d3:2d:c1:e6:6e: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 9c:e1:e0:0a:52:77:29:4a:75:aa:02:d8:af:53:24: c1 prime1: 00:ea:12:02:bb:5a:0f:5a:d8:a9:95:b2:ba:30:15: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5b:ca:9c:7c:19:48:77:1e:5d prime2: 00:cd:82:da:84:71:1d:18:52:cb:c6:4d:74:14:be: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 5f:db:d5:5e:47:89:a7:ef:e3 exponent1: 32:37:62:f6:a6:bf:9c:91:d6:f0:12:c3:f7:04:e9: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . 97:3e:33:31:89:66:64:d1 exponent2: 00:88:a2:e8:90:47:f8:75:34:8f:41:50:3b:ce:93: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . ff:74:d4:be:f3:47:45:bd:cb coefficient: 4d:7c:09:4c:34:73:c4:26:f0:58:f5:e1:45:3c:af: . . . [omitted for brevity] . . . af:01:5f:af:ad:6a:09:bf Step 2: Sign the ELF File object By now you should have your private key, and obtained, by hook or crook, a cert (either from a CA or use one you created (a self-signed cert). The next step is to sign one or more objects with your private key and cert. Here's a simple example that creates an object file, signs, verifies, and lists the contents of the ELF signature. $ echo '#include <stdio.h>\nint main(){printf("Hello\\n");}'>hello.c $ make hello cc -o hello hello.c $ elfsign verify -v -c MYSELFSIGNED.pem -e hello elfsign: no signature found in hello. $ elfsign sign -F rsa_sha256 -v -k MYSELFSIGNED.key -c MYSELFSIGNED.pem -e hello elfsign: hello signed successfully. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT. $ elfsign list -f format -e hello rsa_sha256 $ elfsign list -f signer -e hello O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com $ elfsign list -f time -e hello October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT $ elfsign verify -v -c MYSELFSIGNED.key -e hello elfsign: verification of hello failed. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:22:49 PM PDT. Signing using the pkcs11 keystore To sign the ELF file using a private key in the secure pkcs11 keystore, replace "-K MYSELFSIGNED.key" in the "elfsign sign" command line with "-T MYPRIVATEKEY", where MYPRIVATKEY is the pkcs11 token label. Step 3: Install the cert and test on another system Just signing the object isn't enough. You need to copy or install the cert and the signed ELF file(s) on another system to test that the signature is OK. Your public key cert should be installed in /etc/certs. Use elfsign verify to verify the signature. Elfsign verify checks each cert in /etc/certs until it finds one that matches the elfsign signature in the file. If one isn't found, the verification fails. Here's an example: $ su Password: # rm /etc/certs/MYSELFSIGNED.key # cp MYSELFSIGNED.pem /etc/certs # exit $ elfsign verify -v hello elfsign: verification of hello passed. format: rsa_sha256. signer: O=Canine Software Works, OU=Self-signed CA, CN=canineswworks.com. signed on: October 17, 2013 04:24:20 PM PDT. After testing, package your cert along with your ELF object to allow elfsign verification after your cert and object are installed or copied. Under the Hood: elfsign verification Here's the steps taken to verify a ELF file signed with elfsign. The steps to sign the file are similar except the private key exponent is used instead of the public key exponent and the .SUNW_signature section is written to the ELF file instead of being read from the file. Generate a digest (SHA-256) of the ELF file sections. This digest uses all ELF sections loaded in memory, but excludes the ELF header, the .SUNW_signature section, and the symbol table Extract the RSA signature (RSA-2048) from the .SUNW_signature section Extract the RSA public key modulus and public key exponent (65537) from the public key cert Calculate the expected digest as follows:     signaturepublicKeyExponent % publicKeyModulus Strip the PKCS#1 padding (most significant bytes) from the above. The padding is 0x00, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, . . ., 0xff, 0x00. If the actual digest == expected digest, the ELF file is verified (OK). Further Information elfsign(1), pktool(1), and openssl(1) man pages. "Signed Solaris 10 Binaries?" blog by Darren Moffat (2005) shows how to use elfsign. "Simple CLI based CA on Solaris" blog by Darren Moffat (2008) shows how to set up a simple CA for use with self-signed certificates. "How to Create a Certificate by Using the pktool gencert Command" System Administration Guide: Security Services (available at docs.oracle.com)

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• SINGLE SIGN ON SECURITY THREAT! FACEBOOK access_token broadcast in the open/clear

  - by MOKANA

  Subsequent to my posting there was a remark made that this was not really a question but I thought I did indeed postulate one. So that there is no ambiquity here is the question with a lead in: Since there is no data sent from Facebook during the Canvas Load process that is not at some point divulged, including the access_token, session and other data that could uniquely identify a user, does any one see any other way other than adding one more layer, i.e., a password, sent over the wire via HTTPS along with the access_toekn, that will insure unique untampered with security by the user? Using Wireshark I captured the local broadcast while loading my Canvas Application page. I was hugely surprised to see the access_token broadcast in the open, viewable for any one to see. This access_token is appended to any https call to the Facebook OpenGraph API. Using facebook as a single click log on has now raised huge concerns for me. It is stored in a session object in memory and the cookie is cleared upon app termination and after reviewing the FB.Init calls I saw a lot of HTTPS calls so I assumed the access_token was always encrypted. But last night I saw in the status bar a call from what was simply an http call that included the App ID so I felt I should sniff the Application Canvas load sequence. Today I did sniff the broadcast and in the attached image you can see that there are http calls with the access_token being broadcast in the open and clear for anyone to gain access to. Am I missing something, is what I am seeing and my interpretation really correct. If any one can sniff and get the access_token they can theorically make calls to the Graph API via https, even though the call back would still need to be the site established in Facebook's application set up. But what is truly a security threat is anyone using the access_token for access to their own site. I do not see the value of a single sign on via Facebook if the only thing that was established as secure was the access_token - becuase for what I can see it clearly is not secure. Access tokens that never have an expire date do not change. Access_tokens are different for every user, to access to another site could be held tight to just a single user, but compromising even a single user's data is unacceptable. http://www.creatingstory.com/images/InTheOpen.png Went back and did more research on this: FINDINGS: Went back an re ran the canvas application to verify that it was not any of my code that was not broadcasting. In this call: HTTP GET /connect.php/en_US/js/CacheData HTTP/1.1 The USER ID is clearly visible in the cookie. So USER_ID's are fully visible, but they are already. Anyone can go to pretty much any ones page and hover over the image and see the USER ID. So no big threat. APP_ID are also easily obtainable - but . . . http://www.creatingstory.com/images/InTheOpen2.png The above file clearly shows the FULL ACCESS TOKEN clearly in the OPEN via a Facebook initiated call. Am I wrong. TELL ME I AM WRONG because I want to be wrong about this. I have since reset my app secret so I am showing the real sniff of the Canvas Page being loaded. Additional data 02/20/2011: @ifaour - I appreciate the time you took to compile your response. I am pretty familiar with the OAuth process and have a pretty solid understanding of the signed_request unpacking and utilization of the access_token. I perform a substantial amount of my processing on the server and my Facebook server side flows are all complete and function without any flaw that I know of. The application secret is secure and never passed to the front end application and is also changed regularly. I am being as fanatical about security as I can be, knowing there is so much I don’t know that could come back and bite me. Two huge access_token issues: The issues concern the possible utilization of the access_token from the USER AGENT (browser). During the FB.INIT() process of the Facebook JavaScript SDK, a cookie is created as well as an object in memory called a session object. This object, along with the cookie contain the access_token, session, a secret, and uid and status of the connection. The session object is structured such that is supports both the new OAuth and the legacy flows. With OAuth, the access_token and status are pretty much al that is used in the session object. The first issue is that the access_token is used to make HTTPS calls to the GRAPH API. If you had the access_token, you could do this from any browser: https://graph.facebook.com/220439?access_token=... and it will return a ton of information about the user. So any one with the access token can gain access to a Facebook account. You can also make additional calls to any info the user has granted access to the application tied to the access_token. At first I thought that a call into the GRAPH had to have a Callback to the URL established in the App Setup, but I tested it as mentioned below and it will return info back right into the browser. Adding that callback feature would be a good idea I think, tightens things up a bit. The second issue is utilization of some unique private secured data that identifies the user to the third party data base, i.e., like in my case, I would use a single sign on to populate user information into my database using this unique secured data item (i.e., access_token which contains the APP ID, the USER ID, and a hashed with secret sequence). None of this is a problem on the server side. You get a signed_request, you unpack it with secret, make HTTPS calls, get HTTPS responses back. When a user has information entered via the USER AGENT(browser) that must be stored via a POST, this unique secured data element would be sent via HTTPS such that they are validated prior to data base insertion. However, If there is NO secured piece of unique data that is supplied via the single sign on process, then there is no way to guarantee unauthorized access. The access_token is the one piece of data that is utilized by Facebook to make the HTTPS calls into the GRAPH API. it is considered unique in regards to BOTH the USER and the APPLICATION and is initially secure via the signed_request packaging. If however, it is subsequently transmitted in the clear and if I can sniff the wire and obtain the access_token, then I can pretend to be the application and gain the information they have authorized the application to see. I tried the above example from a Safari and IE browser and it returned all of my information to me in the browser. In conclusion, the access_token is part of the signed_request and that is how the application initially obtains it. After OAuth authentication and authorization, i.e., the USER has logged into Facebook and then runs your app, the access_token is stored as mentioned above and I have sniffed it such that I see it stored in a Cookie that is transmitted over the wire, resulting in there being NO UNIQUE SECURED IDENTIFIABLE piece of information that can be used to support interaction with the database, or in other words, unless there were one more piece of secure data sent along with the access_token to my database, i.e., a password, I would not be able to discern if it is a legitimate call. Luckily I utilized secure AJAX via POST and the call has to come from the same domain, but I am sure there is a way to hijack that. I am totally open to any ideas on this topic on how to uniquely identify my USERS other than adding another layer (password) via this single sign on process or if someone would just share with me that I read and analyzed my data incorrectly and that the access_token is always secure over the wire. Mahalo nui loa in advance.

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• Same domain only : smtp; 5.1.0 - Unknown address error 530-'SMTP authentication is required

  - by user124672

  I have a very strange problem after moving my netwave.be domain from WebHost4Life to Arvixe. I configured several email adresses, like [email protected] and [email protected]. For POP3 I can use mail.netwave.be, a mailserver hosted by Arvixe. However, for SMTP I have to use relay.skynet.be. Skynet (Belgacom) is one of the biggest internet providers in Belgium and blocks smtp requests to external mailservers. So for years I've been using relay.skynet.be to send my messages using [email protected] as the sender. The worked perfectly. After moving my domain to Arvixe, this is no longer the case. I can send emails to people, no problem. I have received emails too, so I suspect that's ok too. But I can't send emails from one user of my domain to another user. For example, if I send a mail from [email protected] to [email protected], relay.skynet.be picks up the mail just fine. A few seconds later, I get a 'Delivery Status Notification (Failure)' mail that contains: Reporting-MTA: dns; mailrelay012.isp.belgacom.be Final-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.0.0 (permanent failure) Remote-MTA: dns; [69.72.141.4] Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 5.1.0 - Unknown address error 530-'SMTP authentication is required.' (delivery attempts: 0) Like I said, this only seems to be the case when both the sender and recipient are adresses of a domain hosted by Arvixe. I have serveral accounts not related to Arvixe at all. I can use relay.skynet.be to send mail to [email protected] using these accounts. Likewise, I can use relay.skynet.be to send mail from [email protected] to these accounts. but not from one Arvixe account to another. I hope I have clearly outlined the problem and someone will be able to help me.

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• Throttling Postfix memory

  - by teddybeard

  I have a VPS on 1and1 similar to this configuration (512MB, burst up to 2GB). I run a web service where I crawl the web and notify my users through email and sms when a certain online data feed changes. When I send the emails out, I just have PHP loop through the recipients list and send the emails out using the mail() function. Whenever I try to send a large volume of these messages out, my server starts acting funny. I can't even run an 'ls' sometimes because the shell tells me it 'cannot allocate memory'. The shell is unusable and yet my website is being served up fine. Mail.err contains: Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/smtp[26000]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[25999]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/smtp[9911]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[9910]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Also, if relevant, my bean counters are: Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 53907331: kmemsize 20779422 21041560 31457280 34603008 2989403 lockedpages 0 0 512 512 0 privvmpages 81488 82498 524288 576716 94640 shmpages 2831 2831 32768 32768 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 90 91 128 128 6603 physpages 32692 33531 2147483647 2147483647 0 vmguarpages 0 0 131072 2147483647 0 oomguarpages 32942 33781 9223372036854775807 2147483647 0 numtcpsock 22 23 720 720 0 numflock 27 28 376 413 0 numpty 1 1 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 1 512 512 0 tcpsndbuf 425888 441064 3440640 5406720 0 tcprcvbuf 369200 376832 3440640 5406720 0 othersockbuf 268000 268464 2252160 4194304 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 8472 524288 576716 0 numothersock 180 182 720 720 0 dcachesize 952146 966231 5242880 5767168 0 numfile 3609 3683 8192 8192 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 25 25 200 205 0 Is there some way I can throttle postfix to keep it from swamping the system like this? Also wondering: why does email use so many resources, these emails are just short text?

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• How to disable all bounce back email in exim 4.69

  - by liame

  I have set up an email server to send out solicited newsletters. There should be no "regular" users of this server, so it is not desirable to send bounce notifications back to the recipient. Especially so since I am tracking bounces myself by parsing the log files periodically. What I want is to unconditionally prevent exim from ever sending a bounce notification email back to a sender. How can I do this? Thank you! (I accidentally posted this to superuser before posting it here, disregard that if you come across) What I want is an email server that will accept all incoming emails, deliver it accordingly (that is remotely or locally) and not send a bounce notification the sender upon bounce. I log bounces myself, in a database. The only function bounce messages have in my setting is to waste resources and bandwidth. I need to send emails fast, using exiwhat during a run, I see a significant number of deliveries to [email protected]. I could potentially increase my email productivity by 10~20% if all bounce emails are eliminated.

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• Postfix character encoding?

  - by Anonymous12345

  I use Postfix as a mailserver. I have Ubuntu OS. Then I use PHP to send emails. Problem is that none of my emails are encoded properly by a mailsoftware which my VPS provider uses. According to them, the problem lies with me. It is only the name field which isn't encoded properly. For example "Björn" becomes "Björn" in my emails. However, when I echo the $name, it outputs "Björn" which is correct. Also, gmail and hotmail does show it correctly. The strange part is that the "text" (the message itself) is encoded properly. I use the following for sending mail: $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; $name= iconv(mb_detect_encoding($name), "UTF-8//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", $name); //// I HAVE TRIED WITH AND WITHOUT THE LINE ABOVE, NO DIFFERENCE mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); I have tried with and without the iconv line also, no luck. The last thing I can think of is POSTFIX, could there be a setting for character encoding there? Anybody knows?

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• Outlook 2007 will not send/receive using RPC over HTTP to an exchange server.. works for other users

  - by bob franklin smith harriet

  I have an incredibly frustrating user issue that I have been unable to resolve for over a week, any ideas for this would be greatly appreciated. The user is having troubles using Outlook 2007 to send or receive emails over using RPC over HTTP (Outlook Anywhere) to an exchange server. Basically what happens, the connection will be establised and the user will be prompted for the username and password, those are submitted and then outlook tries to download emails which fails and the connection to the exchange server will remain unavailable. The machine can ping and everything to the exchange server there is no connection issue there. The setup worked fine for him up untill now and also works for possibly hundreds of other users using the exact same settings, also the same settings will work from the users iphone on the same internet connection, and from my own system using outlook. The exchange server has the webmail https feature and that can be logged into and send and receive emails fine. Steps taken so far: removing the .ost file for the account and allowing office to rebuild it (fixes the issue for a short period of time, then the same symptons occur) deleted exchange profile and recreated (no change in issue) uninstalled all antivirus and firewalls (no change in issue) removed all cached passwords (keymgr.dll) (no change in issue) removed all entries from the hosts file (no change in issue) uninstalled and reinstalled office 2007 (Temporary fix of issue) Installing Symantec Endpoint Client caused a lot of email scan popups to be displayed, after a reboot this stopped and a scan it picked a few trojans that it removed. This fixed the issue temporarily as well, the issue is back again now. I am completely out of ideas now, there seems to be nothing that can be done to fix this issue outside of rebuilding the PC which is a massive pandoras box I don't want to enter with this user. --- Update ---- Malware scans from multiple products have been run on the machine and all updates were installed. The real problem with this user is his distance from us, there is no way to supply a spare laptop or rebuild the machine currently.

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• Thunderbird alerts when expected email does not arrive

  - by user871199

  I am on Ubuntu 12.04 using Thunderbird as email client. Both are up to date in terms of updates. I have bunch of nightly jobs that do the work and send a status mail. It gets tedious if you keep getting same/similar mails every day so I ended up writing a mail filter rule which causes emails to end up in their respective folders automatically. If things are going ok, I really don't need to read emails. Failure emails are sent to different alias - if the job runs. We recently discovered that one of the job had not run for few days as someone accidentally disabled it. In order to avoid such problems in future, I would like to setup thunderbird in such a way that if I don't get email from given address within given duration, it should alert me. My dream solution is to set up frequency - some jobs do run every 4 hours. Is this possible? Can I setup Thunderbird (preferred) or other email client for reminding me when expected email does not show up. Based on comments and answer I received, here are the reasons why I would like to use Thunderbird. We are already using Thunderbird. It has calender support via plugin, so I suppose someone is already watching time to remind us about the event. May be this another type of event. Additional job is one more failure point, may complicate life if it has to monitor multiple hosts. Additional tools - same thing, one more failure point. Thunderbird can be run across all the platforms we are using - Windows and Ubuntu. It sort of becomes platform independent solution.

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• Exchange Online SMTP Not Working With Any Email Client

  - by emre nevayeshirazi

  I am trying to switch our company mail server to exchange online. I have successfully added my domain and users and can send and receive mails through Outlook Web App. I can also send and receive if I configure my Outlook 2013 client using Exchange protocol. However, some folks in company are using Thunderbird and some old Outlook Clients. For those, I tried to connect to Exchange via IMAP/SMTP. This is what I use, For incoming, IMAP / Port : 993 with SSL / Host : outlook.office365.com For outgoing, SMTP / Port : 589 with TSL / Host : smtp.office365.com I can receive emails, however I could not be able to send emails. I keep getting An error occurred while sending mail. The mail server responded: 4.3.2 Service not active. Please verify that your email address is correct in your Mail preferences and try again. My username and password are correct, I am using my mail address as my username to mailbox. I also tried sending mail via C# application which was working for outlook.com and gmail.com SMTP settings. It also fails to send emails and returns the same error code. I thought TB and other old clients such as Office 2003 might not support Exc. Online so I tried same settings in Office 2013. It successfully connected my mailbox when checking for configuration but failed in sending test message and returned the same error code. Configuration for incoming and outgoing mailbox are taken from here. They are also available on Office 365 user page and they are same. What could be the reason for error ?

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• Outlook 2007, how to stop replies from being sent if they meet criteria

  - by CChriss

  I have my college's email account auto-forwarded (they don't offer pop3 or imap) to my main gmail account so I don't have to go to their website to check for mail. That gmail account, and others, use pop3 down to my Outlook 2007. In my Outlook, I have a rule that puts mail sent to my @college address into a folder named Collegemail. Since the college email system lacks pop3 or imap, I have to go to their site to send a reply, so that the reply will be sent from my @college email address. The problem is that I cannot seem to get into the habit of going to my college's website to reply to those emails, so quite often I reply to them while in Outlook, which means my replies are sent "from" my main gmail address. How can I set up Outlook to either 1) disable replying to emails in the Collegemail folder or to emails where my college email address is in the original To: line, or else 2) set it to send those replies from a non-functional dummy account. The dummy account would be unable to send the email so the email would be stuck in the Outbox. (I already have the non-functional dummy account set up as Outlook's "Default" account. When I compose a new mail I have to deliberately pick one of my good accounts to send the new mail with, or else Outlook uses the default dummy account and the email stays in the Outbox with a Send error.) Thanks. Update: Anybody? Please help.

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• GMail and Yahoo Mail servers not accepting mails from my slicehost slice

  - by Lakshmanan

  Hi, I have a rails in one of the slices at Slicehost. I've setup postfix (sendmail) to send emails from my rails app. All emails to Google Apps domain (to company setup google hosted paid email id) are getting delivered properly (but to spam folder). But all emails to [email protected], [email protected], .. @hotmail.com are not getting delivered and this is the line from my /var/log/mail.log Dec 21 17:33:56 staging postfix/smtp[32295]: 5EB4810545B: to=<[email protected]>, relay=j.mx.mail.yahoo.com[66.94.237.64]:25, delay=1.6, delays=0.02/0.01/1.5/0, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (host j.mx.mail.yahoo.com[66.94.237.64] refused to talk to me: 553 Mail from 173.203.201.186 not allowed - 5.7.1 [BL21] Connections not accepted from IP addresses on Spamhaus PBL; see http://postmaster.yahoo.com/errors/550-bl21.html [550]) and this is what i got for gmail Dec 21 17:29:17 staging postfix/smtp[32216]: 0FA3310545B: to=<[email protected]>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.65.27]:25, delay=0.59, delays=0.02/0.01/0.09/0.47, dsn=5.7.1, status=bounced (host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.65.27] said: 550-5.7.1 [173.203.201.186] The IP you're using to send mail is not authorized 550-5.7.1 to send email directly to our servers. Please use the SMTP relay at 550-5.7.1 your service provider instead. Learn more at 550 5.7.1 http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=10336 v49si11176750yhc.16 (in reply to end of DATA command)) Please help. I have very little knowledge about setting dns, servers and stuff.

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• Error 550 Mail Relay Message Could Not Be Sent

  - by mraliks

  I'm not sure if this is the right area to ask, but here we go. I have a client who has a couple websites on a Windows server with MailEnable as the mail manager. Any emails being sent from the server work great, except when sending to some domains, the message does not go through due to the following error: 12/13/11 01:15:56 ME-I0026: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] Sending message 12/13/11 01:15:57 ME-IXXXX: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] Remote server returned a response indicating a permanent error. Server Response: (550 Relaying not allowed**) 12/13/11 01:15:57 ME-E0036: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] MAIL FROM command Failed. Can anyone give me some leads on how to correct the settings to allow emails to go through properly? In particular, the emails are not going through to a Network Solutions email account and Network Solutions has not been very helpful thus far. In addition, can a domain's DNS settings affect this error? Currently, the domains are hosted by Network Solutions and use the Network Solutions email service to send/receive email. The server is located with a different company and the Domains' DNS points to it. Which mail related DNS entries are allowed or not allowed in this scenario? Thanks

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• How should I manage VPS email?

  - by Xeoncross

  I have been slowly learning how to run a linux VPS for a while now. Since I build websites I'm confident with running and securing a web server like nginx... or at least there haven't been any casualties yet. However, email scares me. Almost all websites require email to communicate with users. Most of the time email is only needed on my sites during registration as a means of verification. I hardly ever need to accept incoming mail back. Nevertheless, my lack off understanding of how email servers can be abused is worrying me. Not only do you need to secure email servers - you also have to prove to the world that your emails are legit and constantly fight against being blacklisted. Insuring my emails 'good name' is not something I want to devote my life too. What should someone like me do to send emails from my VPS? Should I look for a company to send email through that can worry about this for me? Should I just use google apps until my sites are large enough to worry about? Or is all this just ignorant fear and running your own email server (that actually works) really is easy?

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• Outlook 2007 - Right Click Email > Move To {Folder Name}

  - by HK1

  I know it seems like an elementary question. What's the simplest and fastest way to move a read/completed email to a different folder in Outlook 2007 (connected to Exchange 2007)? I have a particular user that is challenged by technology. Using keyboard shortcuts is not an option. Dragging and dropping things - forget it. And too many clicks is frustrating to him. He keeps his email inbox completely clean (OCD=True) but he does that by deleting every single email as quickly as he's done with it. If an email can't be resolved in a day or two it almost drives him to insanity. As far as he's concerned, there's only one right thing to do with an email - reply to it and then delete it. He's being asked to save emails unless they are clearly trash. I'm trying to figure out what the simplest method is to move an email to a "Saved Emails" or "Archived" folder (don't confuse "folder" with .PST file, that's irrelevant for this discussion). I envisioned that I could possibly hi-jack every delete and put the email in his Saved folder. But I don't like this option because some emails are truly trash and I don't want him saving those. What I'd really like to do is something like this: Right Click Email in List > Move To {Folder Name} Is there a simple way to do this? Maybe someone has another suggestion on how to handle this situation.

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• Sending Mail from Web App to Google Apps won't work - internal routing? VPS

  - by Charlino

  I've got a web application, www.mysuperwebapp.com, which sends out emails for various reasons - the contact us page is a good example. I am using google apps on the domain and I've setup a google apps group, Support ([email protected]), which I want the emails from the contact us page to go to. But the emails don't seem to be sending... I thought it could be that the groups security is a little tighter than normal email, so I change the contact us email to go to [email protected] - but they still didn't appear. So I'm guessing that it has something to do with internal routing and the messages aren't leaving the server/network at all. Eg Sending an email from the mysuperwebapp.com computer to a mysuperwebapp.com email address. I put an entry into the hosts file for 123.123.123.123 mysuperwebapp.com but that doesn't seem to have helped. Also, there doesn't seem to be anything of interest in the event log. What do I need to do? Or what do I need to get my VPS hoster to do? TIA, Charles Ps. The VPS is a Windows 2008 box with IIS7 and the default SMTP (IIS6?) server. The web app is ASP.NET MVC - not that that should matter.

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• Ubuntu Postfix email account with forward

  - by Mika

  I have an Ubuntu 12.04 server with Postfix installed. In Postfix installation I used this guide https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix. I didn't go through all of that, just the sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix part. I have created user accounts to my server and the users home directories contain a .forward file which have only one row the email address to forward to. I have defined dns A records for the names www.mydomain.com and mydomain.com But if I send an email to [email protected] it doesn't get forwarded. Actually I can't see any sign about any email ever visiting my server. My firewall is defined to allow incoming traffic for ports 80, 443 and 22. For outgoing traffic it allows ports 587 and 22. The exact definitions are below. Should I allow also outgoing http (port 80)? or maybe port 25? # Allow ssh in iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming HTTP iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming HTTPS iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 443 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing SSH iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 22 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing emails iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 587 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 587 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT Edits: I found lines from my syslog telling me that there were incoming traffic for port 25 which was blocked. The sender ip's for those packages were trustworthy, so I opened also port 25. Now I can see some Postfix logging in my syslog. It looks like it is at least trying to forward emails. I haven't yet received any forwarder emails into my gmail mail box.

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• Choosing the right e-mail client

  - by CFP

  Hi all, I'm currently using Outlook 2007 (under windows 7), but I much prefer free software (open source being the best of course), so I thought I'd ask for expert advice here. I thought it might be easier if I included a small "wanted list": I receive about 15 to 30 e-mails every day, but I have large archives (10'000 emails), which I frequently need to access. I usually open and close my mail program many times, so I'd like it to start pretty fast I cannot use an online mailbox, because I have too many email addresses (about 5: 1 for work, 1 for home, 1 semi-private, 1 for specific emails, and 1 for newletters By order of importance, the things I'd like my mail client to be able to: Efficiently categorize e-mails. Until now, I've mostly been using Outlook folders, because filtering by tags was not easy, but I'd rather one large list of mails, neatly tagged so I can easily filter. I'd love being able to select mails by tags (eg in a click or too (could be a tab) show all mails tagged with "software") Create "tagging rules", such as "if the mail was sent to this address, add this tag", or "if the body contains ..., add that tag" Sync contacts with Gmail, handle tasks (syncing with toodledo would be awesome), possibly provide a calendar Create e-mail templates, signatures... Other ideas: A timeline, scripting support, being able to import MS Outlook emails, provide a nice backup format... Thanks for sharing ideas and suggestions!

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• Sending mail through local MTA while domain MX records point to Google Apps

  - by Assaf

  My domain's email is managed by Google Apps, so that domain users get Gmail and Calendar, etc. But I also want to be able to send applicative notifications to users outside the domain via email (e.g. "some commented on your post", and so on). However, if I try to send email through code I get blocked by Gmail after a few emails. I send marketing email through MailChimp, to minimize the risk of appearing as spam to my users (one-click unsubscribe, etc.). But I can't send applicative message in this way. I want to install a local MTA (my server runs Ubuntu), but I'm not sure what anti-spam measures I need to implement so that receiving MTAs don't think it's a spam server. What's stopping anyone from setting up a mail server and sending emails using my domain name? AFAIK it's the DNS records that show the MTA's address actually belongs to the domain. But my understanding of this is rather superficial, so someone please correct me if I'm wrong. But what sort of DNS configuration do I need to put in place so that I don't get blacklisted (assuming I don't actually spam anyone)? The MX records already point to Google, and I'd like to keep it this way. So do I just need to define an A record for my internal mail server? Should it show email as coming from a sub-domain, so as not to conflict with the bare domain being managed by google? Edit: Does the following SPF record make sense if I want email from my domain name to be sent by either google's servers or any server with a dns name ending with mydomain.com? "v=spf1 ptr mx:google.com mx:googlemail.com ~all" How should I set up reverse DNS for my server? If I have an A record that points mailsender.mydomain.com to my MTA's ip address, does it mean that reverse lookup will only allow emails sent from [email protected]?

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• Outlook conversation view and categories

  - by Greg Jackson

  At work, I tend to receive a couple of hundred emails a day. To keep from being overwhelmed, I have been using categories to sort and prioritize my mail messages. I auto-assign categories, then group by them: Code Reviews, To, CC, Distribution List/BCC. This means that, for example, a message that's explicitly to me will always show up higher in my inbox than one I get because I'm on a Distribution List. It's a huge time saver and it brings important emails to my attention much more quickly. Recently, the email threads I'm involved in have started to get quite long, and I'd like to be able to use conversation view, or at least sort by subject. Outlook, however, doesn't seem to support any (useful) combination of conversation view and categories. I've tried the following things without success: Grouping by category, then conversation view -- Outlook gives me an error (the grouping/sort combination is too complex). Using a custom view to group by conversation -- category doesn't show up as an option to sort by Grouping by category, then subject -- Getting closer, but the top subject is the first alphabetically, not the most recent Grouping by conversation, then category -- This works, but it doesn't do me much good, because the top conversation is the latest, without regard to what category it belongs to Is there a way for me to retain my category system or something similar while taking advantage of grouping related emails together? I've written Outlook plugins in the past, so even that's not too out there to serve as a proper solution.

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• Intermittent 5.7.1 email bounce to Exchange 2007

  - by Steve Kennaird

  My knowledge of Exchange isn't particularly great, so excuse me if some of the terminology I use isn't quite right. I'm primarily a web developer who's now responsible for a small business's network. We have a server running SBS 2008 and Exchange 2007. Generally, everything works well, emails are able to be sent to both internal and external domains without issue. We've only got ~20 users, Exchange is sitting on a single server. I use SendGrid to send emails generated by our externally hosted website to users in the office. Primarily, order notifications are sent to [email protected]. Without any pattern and less than once per week on average, an email to [email protected] will bounce back, and the logs on SendGrid detail the following error: 550 5.7.1 Unable to relay for [email protected] Either side of that failed delivery attempt, I'm able to send and receive emails to/from [email protected]. Having done some research, incorrect reverse DNS seems like it could be a cause of intermittent bounces like this. Having used nslookup, I have found that the reverse DNS doesn't map like it should, e.g. Office IP: 135.325.351.123 (made up IP, for example only) Domain: office.somedomain.com (made up, for example only) Reverse DNS: somedomain.gotadsl.co.uk (half made up) Could this be a cause? I'm sure that the IP address and the domain should map to each other. Also, it has been suggested to me that as the Exchange server is on a network with an ADSL connection, that could be a potential cause as the connection "goes up and down all day long". I don't have an opinion on this, as I don't have enough knowledge of Exchange/ADSL to form a reliable opinion. Can anyone offer any insight as to whether one or both are actually potential causes, or if there is another possible cause?

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• IIS SMTP server (Installed on local server) in parallel to Google Apps

  - by shaharru

  I am currently using free version of Google Apps for hosting my email.It works great for my official mails my email on Google is [email protected]. In addition I'm sending out high volume mails (registrations, forgotten passwords, newsletters etc) from the website (www.mydomain.com) using IIS SMTP installed on my windows machine. These emails are sent from [email protected] My problem is that when I send email from the website using IIS SMTP to a mail address [email protected] I don’t receive the email to Google apps. (I only receive these emails if I install a pop service on the server with the [email protected] email box). It seems that the IIS SMTP is ignoring the domain MX records and just delivers these emails to my local server. Here are my DNS records for domain.com: mydomain.com A 82.80.200.20 3600s mydomain.com TXT v=spf1 ip4: 82.80.200.20 a mx ptr include:aspmx.googlemail.com ~all mydomain.com MX preference: 10 exchange: aspmx2.googlemail.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 10 exchange: aspmx3.googlemail.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 10 exchange: aspmx4.googlemail.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 10 exchange: aspmx5.googlemail.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 1 exchange: aspmx.l.google.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 5 exchange: alt1.aspmx.l.google.com 3600s mydomain.com MX preference: 5 exchange: alt2.aspmx.l.google.com 3600s Please help! Thanks.

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• Including email, IMs, configs, etc. in documentation or notes

  - by Jason Antman

  The shop I work in is pretty laid-back. We're on a documentation kick, only because historically we've been very bad with it. We do a lot of our brainstorming in face-to-face meetings, and also do a lot of communication via IM in addition to email. While I'm usually pretty good about documentation and keeping copious lab notes, I just finished a build of a host and spent hours searching through IMs, emails, files on my workstation, etc. to pull out anything I missed in my lab notes, which formed a large amount of the basis for the internal documentation. Does anyone have any thoughts on, aside from manually saving things to a project directory, managing various data sources (especially email and IM) and tracking them on project basis? Ideally, I'd like an easy way to put copies of emails, IM logs, etc. into a project-specific directory on my workstation and then just have a cron job that syncs that up with a shared folder. This isn't really a candidate for anything more advanced, as the bulk of the data will be copies of configs, code, etc. Here are the big restrictions: Email is via a centralized Zimbra install, so nothing can happen server-side. My workstation is Linux. Aside from writing Pidgin and Thunderbird plugins that let me tag chats and emails as belonging to a project, and then copy them to the appropriate place... any thoughts? Suggestions? Thanks, Jason

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• how to block spam email using Microsoft Outlook 2011 (Mac)?

  - by tim8691

  I'm using Microsoft Outlook 2011 for Mac and I'm getting so much spam I'm not sure how to control it. In the past, I always applied "Block Sender" and "Mark as Junk" to any spam email messages I received. This doesn't seem to be enough nowadays. Then I've started using Tools Rules to create rules based on subject, but the same spammer keeps changing subject lines, so this isn't working. I've been tracking the IP addresses they also seem to be changing with each email. Is there any key information I can use in the email to apply a rule to successfully place these spam emails in the junk folder? I'm using a "Low" level of junk email protection. The next higher level, "high", says it may eliminate valid emails, so I prefer not to use this option. There's maybe one or two spammers sending me emails, but the volume is very high now. I'm getting a variation of the following facebook email spam: Hi, Here's some activity you have missed. No matter how far away you are from friends and family, we can help you stay connected. Other people have asked to be your friend. Accept this invitation to see your previous friend requests Some variations on the subject line they've used include: Account Info Change Account Sender Mail Pending ticket notification Pending ticket status Support Center Support med center Pending Notification Reminder: Pending Notification How do people address this? Can it be done within Outlook or is it better to get a third party commercial software to plug-in or otherwise manage it? If so, why would the third party be better than Outlook's internal tools (e.g. what does it look for in the incoming email that Outlook doesn't look at)?

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• Postfix character encoding?

  - by Camran

  I use Postfix as a mailserver. I have Ubuntu OS. Then I use PHP to send emails. Problem is that none of my emails are encoded properly by a mailsoftware which my VPS provider uses. According to them, the problem lies with me. It is only the name field which isn't encoded properly. For example "Björn" becomes "Björn" in my emails. However, when I echo the $name, it outputs "Björn" which is correct. Also, gmail and hotmail does show it correctly. The strange part is that the "text" (the message itself) is encoded properly. I use the following for sending mail: $headers="MIME-Version: 1.0"."\n"; $headers.="Content-type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"."\n"; $headers.="From: $name <$email>"."\n"; $name= iconv(mb_detect_encoding($name), "UTF-8//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", $name); //// I HAVE TRIED WITH AND WITHOUT THE LINE ABOVE, NO DIFFERENCE mail($to, '=?UTF-8?B?'.base64_encode($subject).'?=', $text, $headers, '[email protected]'); I have tried with and without the iconv line also, no luck. The last thing I can think of is POSTFIX, could there be a setting for character encoding there? Anybody knows?

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• Implementing emailing (bulk & event based) features for my website.

  - by Kabeer

  Hello. For my upcoming social networking website, I am looking for suggestions on the best way to implement emailing. Here are some of my requirements and constraints: Requirements: - Should be able to send emails based on events (new registrations, change password, etc.), promotions (advertisements based on user consent), bulk mails (newsletters), reminders (profile updates), etc. I hope I got the point through. - Should be able to process faults (incorrect email address, mail-box full, etc) - User initiated invites (inviting friends to connect) Constraints: - As of now I am looking at Godaddy for hosting. Subsequently I shall move to, may be Amazon Cloud. Godaddy seems to be excruciatingly conservative (not bad always) when it comes to the ability to send email. - My tests on Godaddy so far have been discouraging. There is limit to no. of emails I can send and sometimes if emails carries special characters it throws strange exceptions like there was a virus affected attachment (even though I hadn't attached a thing). The replies from Godaddy support have been equally funny. My intent is not to portray Godaddy as wrong but I am looking for a work-around that frees me from said constraints. I am looking for a mechanism / service that is either free of very cost effective. I wonder how other sites address this. Mine is a .Net / Windows based application.

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