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• Elastic Load Balancer & SSL termination

  - by Aaron Scruggs

  I am setting up a Rails app on AWS that: 1) all traffic must ssl encrypted 2) will highly fluctuate in traffic on a weekly basis 3) will by maintained by someone that is a stronger coder than sysadmin, but will be responsible for both I am thinking that SSL termination on an elastic load balancer backed by small ec2 instances running nginx and unicorn A small subset of the requests will take longer than 10s, because of this I am also debating using 'thin' instead of 'unicorn'. My question is this: Is this sane? I am stepping into a quagmire of cost, maintainability, security or performance problems?

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• Can a device (WAP or switch) be configured as an 802.1x supplicant?

  - by Allan Ross

  We are looking at implementing 802.1x on a wired/wireless network. What I am looking for is a device that can act as a supplicant and once authenticated on the network, is able to pass traffic from any downstream connected device. The point of doing this would be to allow a properly pre-configured device to be provided to a client user who could then connect any device on the downstream side of the device. We will be able to manage the aggregate traffic on the device without concern for what is connected on the far side. Am I dreaming; does every device out there support this and I just don't know it or is reality fall somewhere in the middle?

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• Smart subdomain routing via reverse proxy

  - by Trevor Hartman

  I have two servers on my home network: OSX Server and an Ubuntu Server. I'd love to have external subdomains osx.mydomain.com point to osx and ubuntu.mydomain.com point to ubuntu. I know the normal way to do this is to have a static external IP address for each, but that's not an option as this is just my home setup. My question is: is there a way to do this with some reverse proxy trickery? OSX is currently the default entry point for all traffic. I was able to setup a reverse proxy on OSX for ubuntu.mydomain.com on port 80, so web traffic was correctly being proxied to my ubuntu. I'd like to ssh and do a bunch of other stuff though!

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• HA Proxy and Disaster Recovery - Only access server if others are down?

  - by ben2004uk

  Why I expect this is not the best way to solve the problem, I got thinking tonight. I'm thinking about geo-locating servers. Given we have a load balancer + two servers to handle traffic in NA (North America) and one server in the EU. If the two US servers die, is it possible to get HAProxy to direct traffic automatically to the EU one. However, I don't want to use a roundrobin approach for the EU - just the two US ones. The EU should only be hit when the other two are down. Does anyone know how to configure HAProxy to do this? Thanks Ben

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• Help with Apache rewriteengine rules

  - by Vinay

  Hello - I am trying to write a simple rewrite rule using the rewriteengine in apache. I want to redirect all traffic destined to a website unless the traffic originates from a specific IP address and the URI contains two specific strings. RewriteEngine On RewriteLog /var/log/apache2/rewrite_kudithipudi.log RewriteLogLevel 1 RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^199\.27\.130\.105 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/StringOne [NC, OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/StringTwo [NC] RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://www.google.com [R=302,L] I put these statements in my virtual host configuration. But the rewriteengine seems to be redirect all requests, whether they match the condition or not. Am I missing something? Thank you. Vinay.

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• Is there any way to limit my Internet connection to a per program basis?

  - by Igoru

  My Linux connection is REALLY free. I live in Brazil, so where I live I can only have 1 Mbit/s. Yes I know it's sad, but it's not the point. Everytime I'm updating my Ubuntu 9.04 or downloading something, it does eat all my bandwidth. Like, while update-manager is downloading the packages, I can see by netspeed applet in my panel that the incoming traffic goes to 110 kB/s. And then, my Emesene suddenly goes disconnected, and I can't navigate. As you can imagine, I can't use my Internet connection again until the packages are all downloaded or I cancel the update in the middle. As I said, same thing happens when I'm dowloading something, but less intrusive and immediate. The question is: is there any way to limit that APT/downloads traffic to some way I can still use my other Internet services, or to reserve some bandwidth for common navigation tasks (like we have on Windows, but I forgot this thing's name, it's like "something packages".

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• How do I configure pfsense as an outbound VPN client?

  - by Avery Chan

  We use pfsense as a router/firewall. Because we're based in China, it is useful for us to have VPN access for all our internal clients. Instead of each individual client connecting to a VPN server stateside, I'd like to configure pfsense as a VPN client and have all the network traffic be routed through it. Most of the posts I've seen regarding pfsense and VPN are concerning connecting to the LAN from outside; this is not what I want to do. Another option would be for an SSH tunnel to be initiated on the pfsense box with the LAN traffic routed through it. How do I configure pfsense to be able to do either of these? One huge caveat is that OpenVPN cannot be used. The solution I am looking for needs to use one of the other VPN protocols.

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• Measuring cumulative network statistics per user or per process

  - by zsimpson

  I've been googling for hours -- Under Linux I want to know the cumulative bytes sent and received by user or by process over all ip protocols. The best I've found in my searches is that it's possible to use iptables to mark packets for a user, for example: iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m owner --uid-owner test -j MARK --set-mark 1 It appears that "tc" can then shape traffic with that but I just want the statistic -- I don't want to shape the traffic. I want something like: "user U has transmitted used XMB since time Y". I can't figure out how to get statistics from these marked packets. Also, I've looked at nethogs but they seem to be measuring the instantaneous flow and I need cumulative counts. Anyone have ideas?

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• Can admins monitor my activity locally even when I use a VPN?

  - by Arjun Create

  My school has one of those super overreacting web blockers (specifically Fortisnet) that blocks things that should be accessible by a high-school senior trying to research projects. Despite many students' complaints the administration's hands are tied due to parents' complaints. I have setup a VPN account from http://www.vpnreactor.com. With this I am able to bypass the blocker. I know this service hides my IP from websites and servers on the web. I also know that the school pays an IT guy just to monitor sites and network traffic that the students are using. Basically, will he be able to see my network traffic? More importantly, will he be able to trace it to my computer or its MAC address? I am connecting over Wi-Fi, not ethernet.

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• SSH Socks Proxy wiith iptables REDIRECT

  - by Radium

  I have googled and haven`t found the answer on my question. Help me please. There are two servers: serverA with public IP 12.0.0.10 and an private IP 10.0.0.5 serverB with public IP 20.0.0.11 I have setup SOCKS proxy on serverB to serverA: ssh -D20.0.0.11:2222 [email protected] So when on my local machine in a browser i specify SOCKS proxy 20.0.0.11:2222 (serverB:2222) as external IP while browsing i get 12.0.0.10 (serverA IP). That is ok. As well if i go onto http://10.0.0.5 (serverA private IP) it is also reachable. That is what i need. I want to make servers A private IP to be available through servers B public IP on certain ports but without specifying SOCKS in my browser. I could use ssh port forward but the problem is - i need to forward many ports and do not know which exactly - i know only the range. So when i connect to 20.0.0.11 to any port , for example, from 3000:4000 range, i want that traffic to be redirected to 10.0.0.5 on the same port. That is why i`ve decided maybe SOCKS proxy via SSH and iptables REDIRECT could help me. Client - serverBPublicIP (any port from range 3000:4000) - serverAPublicIP - serverAPrivateIP (the port was requested on serverBPublicIP) On serverB i do: ssh -D20.0.0.11:2222 [email protected] iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 20.0.0.11 -p tcp --dport 3000:4000 -j REDIRECT --to-port 2222 But that does not work - when i telnet on 20.0.0.11:3001 for example i do not see any proxied traffic on the serverA. What should i do else? I have tried tcpsocks like this (in example i am telneting to 20.0.0.11:3001) Client -> 20.0.0.11:3001 -> iptables REDIRECT from 3001 --to-port 1111 -> tcpsocks from 1111 to 2222 -> SOCKS proxy from serverB to serverA on port 2222 -> serverA But i do not know what to do with the traffic on serverA. How to route it to its private IP. Help me please. I know, VPN removes all the hell i am trying to create, but i have no ability to use tun/tap device. It is disabled.

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• Firewalling a Cisco ASA Split tunnel

  - by dunxd

  I have a Cisco ASA 5510 at head office, and Cisco ASA 5505 in remote offices. The remote offices are connected over a split tunnelled VPN - the ASA 5505s use "Easy VPN" Client type VPN in Network Extension Mode (NEM). I'd like to set firewall rules for the non-tunnelled traffic only. Traffic over the VPN to head office should not have any firewall rules applied. I might want to apply different firewall rules to different remote offices. All the documentation I have been able to find assumes the Client VPN is a software endpoint, and all the configuration is done at the 5510. When using a Cisco 5505 as the VPN client, is it possible to configure any firewalling at the Client end, or does it all have to come from the 5510? Are there any other issues to look out for when split-tunnelling a VPN by this method?

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• multiple vlans routed on one nic? trunk?General? or Access?

  - by Aceth

  ok for the last week I've tried racking my head around this... I have a SRW208P with 802.1q support, and a virtual endian appliance. I would like to be able to have 3 vlans having everything routed through the endian appliance.. i.e. The Virtual server has 2 bridged NIC's to the switch. This is where I'm getting confused .. On the 8 port switch I've got the 3 vlans set up ok (all being untagged as they are not going to be vlan aware), it's the port I'm connecting the endian firewall to the switch I'm having trouble with (second nic goes to the adsl modem and NAT'd) Is it meant to be a trunk, "Genereal" or "Access" then untagged or tagged? the end goal is to have vlan traffic routing through the single NIC and have endian route vlan traffic according to the rules. Any one have any ideas on the cisco small business stuff? Thanks

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• On Mikrotik RouterOS, is it possible to get Netflow information from a bridged connection?

  - by Tim

  I have a RouterOS box set up to bridge two ethernet connections. I have use-ip-firewall=yes in the bridge configuration, so that the ports go through the firewall. I've enabled netflow reporting via ip/traffic-flow, but the only packets I see reported are broadcast and multicast packets, not the packets that are flowing through the bridge. The documentation indicates that traffic flow logging happens after firewall processing and that it won't work with bridged connections by default, but I would have thought that use-ip-firewall=yes ought to address this. Is it possible to make this work somehow?

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• IIS Reverse Proxy support for multiple protocols

  - by Abraxas

  I have a server 2012 machine running IIS. It's in my DMZ and I would like to use it to do reverse proxy for several services. I can get it to route traffic on port 80 to 2 separate internal servers running web apps but there are some issues when I try to forward SSH (not port 80/443) and then when I try to forward OWA (Micrsoft exchange's 'webmail' services) to the internal mail server I run in to issues with guides (like this: http://blogs.technet.com/b/exchange/archive/2013/07/19/reverse-proxy-for-exchange-server-2013-using-iis-arr-part-1.aspx) when they say to have all traffic forwarded to the server farm created for OWA. My question for you all is this - given that there is no more Threat Management Gateway (only runs on server 2008) and ISA 2006 is also dead - is it possible to support multiple types of reverse proxies with different protocols (ftp, ssh, web, ssl-web) in IIS, or would it be better to install a different DMZ OS like a nginx server and use linux firewalls + nginx reverse proxy? Thanks for any help!

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• Dual-WAN router

  - by aix

  I am looking for a router that would fit the following requirements: Two WAN interfaces: the primary is PPPoE, the secondary will link to a GigE port on another router (a 100Mbps link will suffice); Two (ideally four) GigE LAN ports; No requirement for a firewall; No requirement for Wi-Fi; Inexpensive. The plan for the two WAN interfaces is as follows. All outbound traffic will go to the primary, with exceptions based on destination IP/subnet or possibly on src+dest IPs/subnets. Such exceptions should be routed to the secondary. It would be very nice if, should the primary go down, the secondary would automatically take over for all outbound traffic. I am reasonably sure that I can put something together based on dd-wrt. However, I'd like to hear from you what alternatives are out there (especially something easier to set up for my use case, even if it means paying more for the hardware.)

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• Finding a private (NAT) host's IP using historic destination data

  - by l0c0b0x

  The issue: An unknown private (NAT) client is infected with malware and it's trying to access a Bot server at random times/dates. How we know about this: We receive bot traffic notices/alerts from REN-ISAC. Unfortunately, we don't receive those until the next day after it has happened. What they provide to us is: The source address (of the firewall) The destination addresses (it varies, but they're going to network subnet allocated to a German ISP) The source port (which varies--dynamic ports). Question: What would be the best approach to finding this internal host (historically) with a Cisco ASA as firewall? I'm guessing blocking anything to the destination address(es), and logging that type of traffic/access might allow me to find the source host, but I'm not sure which tool/command would be the most useful. I've seen Netflow thrown into a few responses when it comes to logging, but I'm confused with it's association of Logging, NAL, and nBAR, and how they relate to Netflow.

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• Solaris TCP/IP performance tuning

  - by Andy Faibishenko

  I am trying to tune a high message traffic system running on Solaris. The architecture is a large number (600) of clients which connect via TCP to a big Solaris server and then send/receive relatively small messages (.5 to 1K payload) at high rates. The goal is to minimize the latency of each message processed. I suspect that the TCP stack of the server is getting overwhelmed by all the traffic. What are some commands/metrics that I can use to confirm this, and in case this is true, what is the best way to alleviate this bottleneck? PS I posted this on StackOverflow originally. One person suggested snoop and dtrace. dtrace seems pretty general - are there any additional pointers on how to use it to diagnose TCP issues?

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• iptables question

  - by RubyFreak

  i have a small network, with one valid IP and a firewall with 3 network interfaces (LAN, WAN, DMZ). I want to enable PAT on this valid IP to redirect http traffic to a server in my DMZ. (done) I want to enable MASQ on this ip from traffic that comes from my LAN (done) I want from my LAN as well to access my http server at DMZ. (partially) Question: in the above scenario, i cannot from my LAN, to access my http server in the DMZ, since it has the IP used by the MASQ (the only valid ip that i have). What would be the best option to solve this problem? network interfaces: eth0 (WAN) eth1 (DMZ) eth2 (LAN) /sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD --o eth1 -d 2.2.2.2 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -d 1.1.1.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 2.2.2.2 /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

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• trying to understand how Linux /etc/hosts file works with local and external IP addresses

  - by gkdsp

  Let's say I have a Linux server with an external IP of 123.456.789.012 and a local IP of 192.168.0.1. If it's /etc/hosts file looks like, for example, 123.456.789.012 host2.mydomain.com 192.168.0.1 host2.mydomain.com When an application on the server generates traffic to send using host2.mydomain.com, how does the server know whether to use the local or external IP address (since the same host name shows two IP addresses)? Or, does it need something additional than what I've presented here to decide this? Or, does it just sent it out as host2.mydomain.com and let the receiving end deal with it (if so, how to make sure traffic intended for local network indeed goes to local network)?

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• Munin Aggregate Graphs from several servers

  - by Sparsh Gupta

  I am using DNS round robin load balancing and have divided my total traffic onto multiple servers. Each server does around 300-400req/second but I am interested in having an aggregate graph telling me the TOTAL of all requests per second served by our architecture. Is there any way I can do this. Right now each graph in Munin comes as a separate graph as they depict things on one server. I am using configuration as follow which doesn't work doesnt work for me, does this configuration got errors? [TRAFFIC.AGGREGATED] update no requests.graph_title nGinx requests requests.graph_vlabel nGinx requests per second requests.draw LINE2 requests.graph_args --base 1000 requests.graph_category nginx requests.label req/sec requests.type DERIVE requests.min 0 requests.graph_order output requests.output.sum \ lb1.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb1.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request \ lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb2.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request \ lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request

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• Iptables NAT logging

  - by Gerard

  I have a box setup as a router using Iptables (masquerade), logging all network traffic. The problem: Connections from LAN IPs to WAN show fine, i.e. SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 but for traffic coming from WAN to LAN it will show the WAN IP as the source, but the routers IP as the destination, then the router - LAN IP. I.e. SRC=60.242.67.190 - DST=192.168.32.199 SRC=192.168.32.199(router) - DST=192.168.32.10 How do I configure it so that it logs the conversations correctly? SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 SRC=60.242.67.190 DST=192.168.32.10 Any help appreciated, cheers

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• Converge Voice and Data networks using Sonicwall

  - by skinneejoe

  We are looking to converge VOIP and Data traffic onto a single wire so that our client's VOIP phones pass data through to the users computer. We are specing out a new Sonicwall NSA appliance to handle routing functions and layer 2 switches to manage VLANS. Not a huge network, medium sized. What should I know about converging the networks onto a single wire? Obviously I'll want to prioritize voice traffic, is this handled solely in the Sonicwall with QoS configurations or do the layer 2 switches need to be configured differently? Any other pitfalls I should be aware of, or any good resources for learning more?

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• Optimal way to make MySQL backups for fairly large databases (MyISAM / InnoDB)

  - by WinkyWolly

  Currently we have one beefy MySQL database that runs a couple of high traffic Django based websites as well as some e-commerce websites of decent size. As a result we have a fair amount of large databases using both InnoDB and MyISAM tables. Unfortunately we've recently hit a wall due to the amount of traffic so I've setup another master server to help alleviate reads / backups. Now at the moment I simply use mysqldump with a few arguments and it's proven to be fine.. until now. Obviously mysqldump is a slow quick method however I believe we've outgrown its use. I now need a good alternative and have been looking into utilizing Maatkits mk-parallel-dump utility or an LVM snapshot solution. Succinct short version: I have a fairly large MySQL databases I need to backup Current method using mysqldump is inefficient and slow (causing issues) Looking into something such as mk-parallel-dump or LVM snapshots Any recommendations or ideas would be appreciated - since I have to re-do how we're doing things I rather have it done properly / most efficient :).

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• Security of a free public VPN service

  - by Mark Belli

  I just started using VPNBOOK, which is a (very efficent) free VPN solution. I have a question: VPNBOOK user and pass used to connect to their vpn network are publicily available on their homepage; everybody uses them to connect to the vpn. Can a user intercept my wifi traffic and: Understand that my connections are directed to VPNBOOK servers. If point 1 is successful, then they could use VPNBOOK public user and pass to decrypt my traffic? I hope I am missing something, otherwise it would be a very big weakness and I would revert to a paid service (with a private account)

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• Is it possible to combine two internet connections to increase performance?

  - by cornjuliox

  I've got a small home network, 3 PCs plus a laptop or two when the relatives come to visit, connected to a single cable internet connection. Now, as soon as everyone starts using the 'net the performance starts to suffer and if the load is heavy enough nobody can get anything done and everyone complains. At one point it was so bad that only one of us could use it at a time. I was researching possible solutions to this problem and I heard that internet cafes that utilize 2 internet connections, possibly from different providers, and have some sort of router that allows them to split the traffic between the both of them, with online games going through one and web traffic going through another. Is this possible? What is the technical term for it, and can/should it be applied to a home network setup or is there another solution to this problem?

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