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  • How to work with file and streams in php,case: if we open file in Class A and pass open stream to Cl

    - by Rachel
    I have two class, one is Business Logic Class{BLO} and the other one is Data Access Class{DAO} and I have dependency in my BLO class to my Dao class. Basically am opening a csv file to write into it in my BLO class using inside its constructor as I am creating an object of BLO and passing in file from command prompt: Code: $this->fin = fopen($file,'w+') or die('Cannot open file'); Now inside BLO I have one function notifiy, which call has dependency to DAO class and call getCurrentDBSnapshot function from the Dao and passes the open stream so that data gets populated into the stream. Code: Blo Class Constructor: public function __construct($file) { //Open Unica File for parsing. $this->fin = fopen($file,'w+') or die('Cannot open file'); // Initialize the Repository DAO. $this->dao = new Dao('REPO'); } Blo Class method that interacts with Dao Method and call getCurrentDBSnapshot. public function notifiy() { $data = $this->fin; var_dump($data); //resource(9) of type (stream) $outputFile=$this->dao->getCurrentDBSnapshot($data); // So basically am passing in $data which is resource((9) of type (stream) } Dao function: getCurrentDBSnapshot which get current state of Database table. public function getCurrentDBSnapshot($data) { $query = "SELECT * FROM myTable"; //Basically just preparing the query. $stmt = $this->connection->prepare($query); // Execute the statement $stmt->execute(); $header = array(); while ($row=$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) { if(empty($header)) { // Get the header values from table(columnnames) $header = array_keys($row); // Populate csv file with header information from the mytable fputcsv($data, $header); } // Export every row to a file fputcsv($data, $row); } var_dump($data);//resource(9) of type (stream) return $data; } So basically in am getting back resource(9) of type (stream) from getCurrentDBSnapshot and am storing that stream into $outputFile in Blo class method notify. Now I want to close the file which I opened for writing and so it should be fclose of $outputFile or $data, because in both the cases it gives me: var_dump(fclose($outputFile)) as bool(false) var_dump(fclose($data)) as bool(false) and var_dump($outputFile) as resource(9) of type (Unknown) var_dump($data) as resource(9) of type (Unknown) My question is that if I open file using fopen in class A and if I call class B method from Class A method and pass an open stream, in our case $data, than Class B would perform some work and return back and open stream and so How can I close that open stream in Class A's method or it is ok to keep that stream open and not use fclose ? Would appreciate inputs as am not very sure as how this can be implemented.

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  • AccessControlException: access denied - caller function failed to load properties file

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all: I am having a jar archive environment which is gonna call my class in a folder like this: java -jar "emarket.jar" ../tournament 100 My compiled class is deployed into the ../tournament folder, this command runs well. After I changed my code to load a properties file, it gets the following exception message: Exception in thread "main" java.security.AccessControlException: access denied (java.io.FilePermission agent.properties read) at java.security.AccessControlContext.checkPermission(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.checkPermission(Unknown Source) at java.lang.SecurityManager.checkPermission(Unknown Source) at java.lang.SecurityManager.checkRead(Unknown Source) at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source) at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source) at Agent10479475.getPropertiesFromConfigFile(Agent10479475.java:110) at Agent10479475.<init>(Agent10479475.java:100) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Unknown Source) at emarket.client.EmarketSandbox.instantiateClientObjects(EmarketSandbox.java:92) at emarket.client.EmarketSandbox.<init>(EmarketSandbox.java:27) at emarket.client.EmarketSandbox.main(EmarketSandbox.java:166) I am wondering why this security checking will fail. I issue the getPropertitiesFromConfigFile() function inside my class's default constructor, like this: public class Agent10479475 extends AbstractClientAgent { //default constructor public Agent10479475() { //set all properties to their default values in constructor FT_THRESHOLD = 400; FT_THRESHOLD_MARGIN = 50; printOut("Now loading properties from a config file...", ""); getPropertiesFromConfigFile(); printOut("Finished loading",""); } private void getPropertiesFromConfigFile() { Properties props = new Properties(); try { props.load(new FileInputStream("agent.properties")); FT_THRESHOLD = Long.parseLong(props.getProperty("FT_THRESHOLD")); FT_THRESHOLD_MARGIN = Long.parseLong(props.getProperty("FT_THRESHOLD_MARGIN ")); } catch(java.io.FileNotFoundException fnfex) { printOut("CANNOT FIND PROPERTIES FILE :", fnfex); } catch(java.io.IOException ioex) { printOut("IOEXCEPTION OCCURED :", ioex); } } } My class is loading its own .properties file under the same folder. why would the Java environment complains about such a denial of access? Must I config the emarket.client.EmarketSandbox class, which is not written by me and stored inside the emarket.jar, to access my agent.properties file? Any hints or suggestions is much appreciated. Many thanks in advance.

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  • TicTacToe AI Making Incorrect Decisions

    - by Chris Douglass
    A little background: as a way to learn multinode trees in C++, I decided to generate all possible TicTacToe boards and store them in a tree such that the branch beginning at a node are all boards that can follow from that node, and the children of a node are boards that follow in one move. After that, I thought it would be fun to write an AI to play TicTacToe using that tree as a decision tree. TTT is a solvable problem where a perfect player will never lose, so it seemed an easy AI to code for my first time trying an AI. Now when I first implemented the AI, I went back and added two fields to each node upon generation: the # of times X will win & the # of times O will win in all children below that node. I figured the best solution was to simply have my AI on each move choose and go down the subtree where it wins the most times. Then I discovered that while it plays perfect most of the time, I found ways where I could beat it. It wasn't a problem with my code, simply a problem with the way I had the AI choose it's path. Then I decided to have it choose the tree with either the maximum wins for the computer or the maximum losses for the human, whichever was more. This made it perform BETTER, but still not perfect. I could still beat it. So I have two ideas and I'm hoping for input on which is better: 1) Instead of maximizing the wins or losses, instead I could assign values of 1 for a win, 0 for a draw, and -1 for a loss. Then choosing the tree with the highest value will be the best move because that next node can't be a move that results in a loss. It's an easy change in the board generation, but it retains the same search space and memory usage. Or... 2) During board generation, if there is a board such that either X or O will win in their next move, only the child that prevents that win will be generated. No other child nodes will be considered, and then generation will proceed as normal after that. It shrinks the size of the tree, but then I have to implement an algorithm to determine if there is a one move win and I think that can only be done in linear time (making board generation a lot slower I think?) Which is better, or is there an even better solution?

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  • select option in Safari ?

    - by Karandeep Singh
    < select size="2" multiple> < option value="1">1< /option> < option value="2">2< /option> < option value="3">3< /option> < option value="4">4< /option> < option value="5">5< /option> < option value="6">6< /option> < option value="7">7< /option> < option value="8">8< /option> < option value="9">9< /option> < option value="10">10< /option> < option value="11">11< /option> < option value="12">12< /option> < option value="13">13< /option> < /select> size attribute of Select tag is not working properly in Safari. if size attribute's value is greater than four then there have no problem, its working. But when I set the value of size less than four then it show four values. above example displays four options in safari but I want two options. What is the reason for this ?

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  • difference equations in MATLAB - why the need to switch signs?

    - by jefflovejapan
    Perhaps this is more of a math question than a MATLAB one, not really sure. I'm using MATLAB to compute an economic model - the New Hybrid ISLM model - and there's a confusing step where the author switches the sign of the solution. First, the author declares symbolic variables and sets up a system of difference equations. Note that the suffixes "a" and "2t" both mean "time t+1", "2a" means "time t+2" and "t" means "time t": %% --------------------------[2] MODEL proc-----------------------------%% % Define endogenous vars ('a' denotes t+1 values) syms y2a pi2a ya pia va y2t pi2t yt pit vt ; % Monetary policy rule ia = q1*ya+q2*pia; % ia = q1*(ya-yt)+q2*pia; %%option speed limit policy % Model equations IS = rho*y2a+(1-rho)yt-sigma(ia-pi2a)-ya; AS = beta*pi2a+(1-beta)*pit+alpha*ya-pia+va; dum1 = ya-y2t; dum2 = pia-pi2t; MPs = phi*vt-va; optcon = [IS ; AS ; dum1 ; dum2; MPs]; He then computes the matrix A: %% ------------------ [3] Linearization proc ------------------------%% % Differentiation xx = [y2a pi2a ya pia va y2t pi2t yt pit vt] ; % define vars jopt = jacobian(optcon,xx); % Define Linear Coefficients coef = eval(jopt); B = [ -coef(:,1:5) ] ; C = [ coef(:,6:10) ] ; % B[c(t+1) l(t+1) k(t+1) z(t+1)] = C[c(t) l(t) k(t) z(t)] A = inv(C)*B ; %(Linearized reduced form ) As far as I understand, this A is the solution to the system. It's the matrix that turns time t+1 and t+2 variables into t and t+1 variables (it's a forward-looking model). My question is essentially why is it necessary to reverse the signs of all the partial derivatives in B in order to get this solution? I'm talking about this step: B = [ -coef(:,1:5) ] ; Reversing the sign here obviously reverses the sign of every component of A, but I don't have a clear understanding of why it's necessary. My apologies if the question is unclear or if this isn't the best place to ask.

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  • iPhone noob - setting NSMutableDictionary entry inside Singleton?

    - by codemonkey
    Yet another iPhone/Objective-C noob question. I'm using a singleton to store app state information. I'm including the singleton in a Utilities class that holds it (and eventually other stuff). This utilities class is in turn included and used from various view controllers, etc. The utilities class is set up like this: // Utilities.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Utilities : NSObject { } + (id)GetAppState; - (id)GetAppDelegate; @end // Utilities.m #import "Utilities.h" #import "CHAPPAppDelegate.h" #import "AppState.h" @implementation Utilities CHAPPAppDelegate* GetAppDelegate() { return (CHAPPAppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate; } AppState* GetAppState() { return [GetAppDelegate() appState]; } @end ... and the AppState singleton looks like this: // AppState.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface AppState : NSObject { NSMutableDictionary *challenge; NSString *challengeID; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableDictionary *challenge; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *challengeID; + (id)appState; @end // AppState.m #import "AppState.h" static AppState *neoAppState = nil; @implementation AppState @synthesize challengeID; @synthesize challenge; # pragma mark Singleton methods + (id)appState { @synchronized(self) { if (neoAppState == nil) [[self alloc] init]; } return neoAppState; } + (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { @synchronized(self) { if (neoAppState == nil) { neoAppState = [super allocWithZone:zone]; return neoAppState; } } return nil; } - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { return self; } - (id)retain { return self; } - (unsigned)retainCount { return UINT_MAX; //denotes an object that cannot be released } - (void)release { // never release } - (id)init { if (self = [super init]) { challengeID = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"0"]; challenge = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; } return self; } - (void)dealloc { // should never be called, but just here for clarity [super dealloc]; } @end ... then, from a view controller I'm able to set the singleton's "challengeID" property like this: [GetAppState() setValue:@"wassup" forKey:@"challengeID"]; ... but when I try to set one of the "challenge" dictionary entry values like this: [[GetAppState() challenge] setObject:@"wassup" forKey:@"wassup"]; ... it fails giving me an "unrecognized selector sent..." error. I'm probably doing something really obviously dumb? Any insights/suggestions will be appreciated.

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  • Arguments for moving from LINQtoSQL to Nhibernate?

    - by sah302
    Backstory: Hi all, I just spent a lot of time reading many of the LINQ vs Nhibernate threads here and on other sites. I work in a small development team of 4 people and we don't even have really any super experienced developers. We work for a small company that has a lot of technical needs but not enough developers to implement them (and hiring more is out of the question right now). Typically our projects (which individually are fairly small) have been coded separately and weren't really layered in anyway, code wasn't re-used, no class libraries, and we just use the LINQtoSQL .dbml files for our pojects, we really don't even use objects but pass around values and stuff, the only time we use objects is when inserting to a database (heck not even querying since you don't need to assign it to a type and can just bind to gridview). Despite all this as I said our company has a lot of technical needs, no one could come to us for a year and we would have plenty of work to implement requested features. Well I have decided to change that a bit first by creating class libraries and actually adding layers to our applications. I am trying to meet these guys halfway by still using LINQtoSQL as the ORM yet and still use VB as the language. However I am finding it a b***h of a time dealing with so many thing in LINQtoSQL that I found easy in Nhibernate (automatic handling of the session, criteria creation easier than expression trees, generic an dynamic querying easier etc.) So... Question: How can I convince my lead developers and other senior programmers that switching to Nhibernate is a good thing? That being in control of our domain objects is a good thing? That being able to implement interfaces is a good? I've tried exlpaining the advantages of this before but it's not understood by them because they've never programmed in a true OO & layered way. Also one of the counter arguments to this I can see is sqlMetal generates those classes automatically and therefore it saves a lot of time. I can't really counter that other than saying spending more time on infrastructure to make it more scalable and flexible is good, but they can't see how. Again, I know the features and advantages (somewhat enough I believe) of each, but I need arguments applicable to my context, hence why I provided the context. I just am not a very good arguer I guess. (Caveat: For all the LINQtoSQL lovers, I may just not be super proficient as LINQ, but I find it very cumbersome that you are required to download some extra library for dynamic queries which don't by default support guid comparisons, and I also find the way of updating entitites to be cumbersome as well in terms of data context managing, so it could just be that I suck hehe.)

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  • angular, try to display object in ng-repeat fails

    - by Simone M
    i'm writing an mobile application in javascript with angularJS and ionicframework (last beta v.11), i create dinamically an object and want to display all objects inside in a ng-repeat. Why nr-repeat don't display anything? This is screen from my object: I use this code for put values in scope: $scope.distanceSuppliers = myCar; And this is the code in html: <ion-item ng-repeat="(id, supplier) in distanceSuppliers"> <div class="items item-button-right" ng-click="openDetails(id)"> {{supplier.name}}<br /> {{supplier.address}}<br /> </div> </ion-item> This is my complete code for JS: .controller('suppliers', function($scope, cw_db, $ionicPopup, $ionicActionSheet, appdelegate, $rootScope, $firebase, $location, $ionicLoading, cw_position) { $ionicLoading.show({ template: 'Updating data..' }); var geocoder; var tot = 0; var done = 0; geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder(); cw_db.getData(cw_db.getSuppliers(), "", function(suppliers) { cw_position.getPosition(function (error, position) { suppliers.on('value', function(supp) { $scope.distanceSuppliers = {}; tot = 0; done = 0; supp.forEach(function(childSnapshot) { tot++; var childData = childSnapshot.val(); if (childData.address) { calculateDistance(childData, position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude); } }); }); $ionicLoading.hide(); }); }); function calculateDistance(childData, usrLat, usrLon) { var service = new google.maps.DistanceMatrixService(); service.getDistanceMatrix( { origins: [new google.maps.LatLng(usrLat, usrLon)], destinations: [childData.address], travelMode: google.maps.TravelMode.DRIVING, unitSystem: google.maps.UnitSystem.METRIC, avoidHighways: false, avoidTolls: false }, function(response, status) { if (status != google.maps.DistanceMatrixStatus.OK) { alert('Error was: ' + status); } else { done++; var results = response.rows[0].elements; childData.distance = results[0].distance.value; $scope.distanceSuppliers.push(childData); if (done == tot) { console.log($scope.distanceSuppliers); } } }); } $scope.openDetails = function(index) { //appdelegate.setCallId(index); //$location.path("/app/supplierDetails"); } }) what's wrong?

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  • current location too slow for view

    - by Christian
    Hi, I make an App with a Map in the App and a button to change to the google.Map-App. The code for my position is: -(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation *)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation { float avgAccuracy = (newLocation.verticalAccuracy + newLocation.horizontalAccuracy)/2.0; if (avgAccuracy < 500) { [locationManager stopUpdatingLocation]; locationManager.delegate = nil; } storedLocation = [newLocation coordinate]; The code for the view is: - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed: @"LogoNavBar.png"]; UIImageView *imageview = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: image]; UIBarButtonItem *button = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithCustomView: imageview]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = button; [imageview release]; [button release]; locationManager=[[CLLocationManager alloc] init]; locationManager.delegate = self; locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest; locationManager.distanceFilter = kCLDistanceFilterNone; [locationManager startUpdatingLocation]; mapView.showsUserLocation = YES; NSLog(@"storedLocation-latitude für MKregion: %f", storedLocation.latitude); MKCoordinateRegion region; region.center.latitude = (storedLocation.latitude + 45.58058)/2.0; region.center.longitude = (storedLocation.longitude - 0.546835)/2.0; region.span.latitudeDelta = ABS(storedLocation.latitude - 45.58058); region.span.longitudeDelta = ABS(storedLocation.longitude + 0.546835); [mapView setRegion:region animated:TRUE]; MKCoordinateRegion hotel; hotel.center.latitude = 45.58058; hotel.center.longitude = -0.546835; HotelPositionMarker* marker = [[HotelPositionMarker alloc] initWithCoordinate:hotel.center]; [mapView addAnnotation:marker]; [marker release]; } My problem: when the "viewDidLoad" start, the "storedLocation" is still 0.0000 it takes a bit longer to get the own position than to start the view. The Log for the "storedLocation" in the "viewDidLoad"-section is 0 while the Log of the "storedLocation" in the "-(IBAction)" when the map is visible contains the right values. How can I manage it to have my coordinates before the view load? I need them to center the view concerning the own position and the position given by me. MKCoordinateRegion region; region.center.latitude = (storedLocation.latitude + 45.58058)/2.0; region.center.longitude = (storedLocation.longitude - 0.546835)/2.0; region.span.latitudeDelta = ABS(storedLocation.latitude - 45.58058); region.span.longitudeDelta = ABS(storedLocation.longitude + 0.546835); [mapView setRegion:region animated:TRUE];

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  • SQL Server 2005 - query with case statement

    - by user329266
    Trying to put a single query together to be used eventually in a SQL Server 2005 report. I need to: Pull in all distinct records for values in the "eventid" column for a time frame - this seems to work. For each eventid referenced above, I need to search for all instances of the same eventid to see if there is another record with TaskName like 'review1%'. Again, this seems to work. This is where things get complicated: For each record where TaskName is like review1, I need to see if another record exists with the same eventid and where TaskName='End'. Utimately, I need a count of how many records have TaskName like 'review1%', and then how many have TaskName like 'review1%' AND TaskName='End'. I would think this could be accomplished by setting a new value for each record, and for the eventid, if a record exists with TaskName='End', set to 1, and if not, set to 0. The query below seems to accomplish item #1 above: SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, TaskName, filepath FROM (SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, filepath, TaskName, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY eventid ORDER BY TimeStamp DESC) AS seq FROM eventrecords where ((TimeStamp >= '2010-4-1 00:00:00.000') and (TimeStamp <= '2010-4-21 00:00:00.000'))) AS T WHERE seq = 1 order by eventid And the query below seems to accomplish #2: SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, TaskName, filepath FROM (SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, filepath, TaskName, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY eventid ORDER BY TimeStamp DESC) AS seq FROM eventrecords where ((TimeStamp >= '2010-4-1 00:00:00.000') and (TimeStamp <= '2010-4-21 00:00:00.000')) and TaskName like 'Review1%') AS T WHERE seq = 1 order by eventid This will bring back the eventid's that also have a TaskName='End': SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, TaskName, filepath FROM (SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, filepath, TaskName, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY eventid ORDER BY TimeStamp DESC) AS seq FROM eventrecords where ((TimeStamp >= '2010-4-1 00:00:00.000') and (TimeStamp <= '2010-4-21 00:00:00.000')) and TaskName like 'Review1%') AS T WHERE seq = 1 and eventid in (Select eventid from eventrecords where TaskName = 'End') order by eventid So I've tried the following to TRY to accomplish #3: SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, TaskName, filepath FROM (SELECT eventid, TimeStamp, filepath, TaskName, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY eventid ORDER BY TimeStamp DESC) AS seq FROM eventrecords where ((TimeStamp >= '2010-4-1 00:00:00.000') and (TimeStamp <= '2010-4-21 00:00:00.000')) and TaskName like 'Review1%') AS T WHERE seq = 1 and case when (eventid in (Select eventid from eventrecords where TaskName = 'End') then 1 else 0) as bit end order by eventid When I try to run this, I get: "Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'then'." Not sure what I'm doing wrong. Haven't seen any examples anywhere quite like this. I should mention that eventrecords has a primary key, but it doesn't seem to help anything when I include it, and I am not permitted to change the table. (ugh) I've received one suggestion to use a cursor and temporary table, but am not sure how badley that would bog down performance when the report is running. Thanks in advance.

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  • Newbie's problems with MySQL and php

    - by Mirage81
    I'm a real newbie with php and MySQL. Now I'm working on the following code which should search the database for eg. all the Lennons living in Liverpool. 1) How should I modify "get.php" to get the text "no results" to appear if there are no search results. 2) How should I modify "index.php" to get the option values (city and lastname) straight from the database instead of having to type them one by one? 3) Am I using mysql_real_escape_string the right way? 4) Any other mistakes in the code? index.php: <form action="get.php" method="post"> <p> <select name="city"> <option value="Birmingham">Birmingham</option> <option value="Liverpool">Liverpool</option> <option value="London">London</option> </select> </p> <p> <select name="lastname"> <option value="Lennon">Lennon</option> <option value="McCartney">McCartney</option> <option value="Osbourne">Osbourne</option> </select> </p> <p> <input value="Search" type="submit"> </p> </form> get.php: <?php $city = $_POST['city']; $lastname = $_POST['lastname']; $conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'user', 'password'); mysql_select_db("database", $conn) or die("connection failed"); $query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE city = '$city' AND lastname = '$lastname'"; $result = mysql_query($query, $conn); $city = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['city']); $lastname = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['lastname']); echo $rowcount; while ($row = mysql_fetch_row($result)) { if ($rowcount == '0') echo 'no results'; else { echo '<b>City: </b>'.htmlspecialchars($row[0]).'<br />'; echo '<b>Last name: </b>'.htmlspecialchars($row[1]).'<br />'; echo '<b>Information: </b>'.htmlspecialchars($row[2]); } } mysql_close($conn);

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  • php switch statement error on int = 0

    - by Jagdeep Singh
    I am having a problem in php switch case. When i set $number=0 it should run very first case but here this code returns 10-20K that is in second case. I checked comparison operators, tested them in if else case they return correct values but here first case do not run on $number=0 Why is this happening ? php consider 0 as false or something wrong in code ? Link to codepad paste http://codepad.org/2glDh39K also here is the code <?php $number = 0; switch ($number) { case ($number <= 10000): echo "0-10K"; break; case ($number > 10000 && $number <= 20000): echo "10-20K"; break; case ($number > 20000 && $number <= 30000): echo "20-30K"; break; case ($number > 30000 && $number <= 40000): echo "30-40K"; break; case ($number > 40000 && $number <= 50000): echo "40-50K"; break; case ($number > 50000 && $number <= 60000): echo "50-60K"; break; case ($number > 60000 && $number <= 70000): echo "60-70K"; break; case ($number > 70000 && $number <= 80000): echo "70-80K"; break; case ($number > 80000 && $number <= 90000): echo "80-90K"; break; case ($number > 90000): echo "90K+"; break; default: //default echo "N/A"; break; } ?>

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  • retrieving information from web service calls

    - by Monte Chan
    Hi all, I am trying to retrieve information from a web service call. The following is what I have so far. In my text view, it is showing Map {item=anyType{key=TestKey; value=2;}; item=anyType{key=TestField; value=adsfasd; };} When I ran that in the debugger, I can see the information above in the variable, tempvar. But the question is, how do I retrieve the information (i.e. the actual values of "key" and "value" in each of the array positions)? Yes, I know there is a lot going on in onCreate and I will fix it later. Thanks in advance, Monte My codes are as follows, import java.util.Vector; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.TextView; import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope; import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject; import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope; import org.ksoap2.transport.AndroidHttpTransport; public class ViewHitUpActivity extends Activity { private static final String SOAP_ACTION = "test_function"; private static final String METHOD_NAME = "test_function"; private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://www.monteandjanicechan.com/"; private static final String URL = "http://www.monteandjanicechan.com/ws/test_ws.cfc?wsdl"; // private Object resultRequestSOAP = null; private TextView tv; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); SoapObject request = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME); tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.people_view); //SoapObject request.addProperty("test_item", "1"); SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.setOutputSoapObject(request); AndroidHttpTransport androidHttpTransport = new AndroidHttpTransport(URL); try { androidHttpTransport.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope); /* resultRequestSOAP = envelope.getResponse(); Vector tempResult = (Vector) resultRequestSOAP("test_functionReturn"); */ SoapObject resultsRequestSOAP = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn; Vector tempResult = (Vector) resultsRequestSOAP.getProperty("test_functionReturn"); int testsize = tempResult.size(); // SoapObject test = (SoapObject) tempResult.get(0); //String[] results = (String[]) resultRequestSOAP; Object tempvar = tempResult.elementAt(1); tv.setText(tempvar.toString()); } catch (Exception aE) { aE.printStackTrace (); tv.setText(aE.getClass().getName() + ": " + aE.getMessage()); } } }

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  • Opinion on "loop invariants", and are these frequently used in the industry?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    I was thinking back to my freshman year at college (five years ago) when I took an exam to place-out of intro-level computer science. There was a question about loop invariants, and I was wondering if loop invariants are really necessary in this case or if the question was simply a bad example... the question was to write an iterative definition for a factorial function, and then to prove that the function was correct. The code that I provided for the factorial function was as follows: public static int factorial(int x) { if ( x < 0 ){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter must be = 0"); }else if ( x == 0 ){ return 1; }else{ int result = 1; for ( int i = 1; i <= x; i++ ){ result*=i; } return result; } } My own proof of correctness was a proof by cases, and in each I asserted that it was correct by definition (x! is undefined for negative values, 0! is 1, and x! is 1*2*3...*x for a positive value of x). The professor wanted me to prove the loop using a loop invariant; however, my argument was that it was correct "by definition", because the definition of "x!" for a positive integer x is "the product of the integers from 1... x", and the for-loop in the else clause is simply a literal translation of this definition. Is a loop invariant really needed as a proof of correctness in this case? How complicated must a loop be before a loop invariant (and proper initialization and termination conditions) become necessary for a proof of correctness? Additionally, I was wondering... how often are such formal proofs used in the industry? I have found that about half of my courses are very theoretical and proof-heavy and about half are very implementation and coding-heavy, without any formal or theoretical material. How much do these overlap in practice? If you do use proofs in the industry, when do you apply them (always, only if it's complicated, rarely, never)?

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  • How to get a html elements with python lxml

    - by Damiano
    Hello! I have this html code: <table> <tr> <td class="test"><b><a href="">aaa</a></b></td> <td class="test">bbb</td> <td class="test">ccc</td> <td class="test"><small>ddd</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="test"><b><a href="">eee</a></b></td> <td class="test">fff</td> <td class="test">ggg</td> <td class="test"><small>hhh</small></td> </tr> </table> I use this Python code to extract all <td class="test"> with lxml module. import urllib2 import lxml.html code = urllib.urlopen("http://www.example.com/page.html").read() html = lxml.html.fromstring(code) result = html.xpath('//td[@class="test"][position() = 1 or position() = 4]') It works good! The result is: <td class="test"><b><a href="">aaa</a></b></td> <td class="test"><small>ddd</small></td> <td class="test"><b><a href="">eee</a></b></td> <td class="test"><small>hhh</small></td> (so the first and the fourth column of each <tr>) Now, I have to extract: aaa (the title of the link) ddd (text between <small> tag) eee (the title of the link) hhh (text between <small> tag) How could I extract these values? (the problem is that I have to remove <b> tag and get the title of the anchor on the first column and remove <small> tag on the forth column) Thank you!

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  • Undesired "flashing" in Jquery dropdown menu?

    - by Tom
    Hi, I've got the following piece of Jquery: $("#collapse-menu > li > a").click(function() { $(this).toggleClass("expanded").toggleClass("collapsed").find("+ ul").slideToggle("medium"); }); What it basically does is expands or collapses a menu of nested "lists" which contain dropdowns (simplified example): <ul id="collapse-menu"> <li><a class="expanded">Basic Details</a> <ul> <li> <select> .... </select> </li> <li> <select> .... </select> </li> The code works absolutely fine EXCEPT when a large value is selected in any of the dropdowns. At that point, when clicked, the menu will still expand/collapse correctly but "flash" quickly while doing so, as if the entire element was being reset somehow. The data itself is fine but it's the flashing that's unwanted. The strange thing is that if a small value is selected in a dropdown, there's no flashing. When a large value is selected (say, above 30 in an age dropdown of 18-99), the flashing starts happening. Can anyone tell me why this is happening? Or whether there's something not right about the Jquery that's causing this. Thanks. UPDATE: Adding a bounty to this. Have tried a few similar plugins/solutions out there on the net but they all seem to suffer from this "flashing" problem when large dropdown values are selected by default. If it helps, here's a typical similar solution: http://www.i-marco.nl/weblog/jquery-accordion-menu/index_collapsed.html# ... but it suffers from the same problem when dropdowns are added inside the accordion. I hope someone has a clean solution, instead of needing to hack this somehow.

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  • Trying to write a loop that uses an OutputStream to write to a text file.

    - by Steve McLain
    I'm not a java programmer, I'm a VB programmer. I am doing this as part of an assignment, however, I'm not asking for help on something assignment related. I'd like to figure out how to get the OutputStreamWriter to work properly in this instance. I just want to capture the values I'm generating and place them into a text document. The file is generated, but only one entry exists, not the 40 I'm expecting. I could do this in a heartbeat with VB, but java feels very strange to me right now. Your help is appreciated. Thanks, Steve Here's the code: public static void main(String[] args){ long start, end; double result,difference; try {//OutputStream code assistance from http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-io/outputstreamwriter.html OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("c:\\Temp\\output1.txt"); Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream); for(int n=1; n<=20; n++){ //Calculate the Time for n^2. start = System.nanoTime(); //Add code to call method to calculate n^2 result = mN2(n); end = System.nanoTime(); difference = (end - start); //Output results to a file out.write("N^2 End time: " + end + " Difference: " + difference + "\n"); out.close(); } } catch (IOException e){ } try { OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("c:\\Temp\\output1.txt"); Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream); for(int n=1; n<=20; n++){ //Calculate the Time for 2^n. start = System.nanoTime(); //Add code to call method to calculate 2^n result = m2N(n); end = System.nanoTime(); difference = (end - start); //Output results to a file out.write("N^2 End time: " + end + " Difference: " + difference + "\n"); out.close(); } } catch (IOException e){ } } //Calculate N^2 public static double mN2(double n) { n = n*n; return n; } //Calculate 2N public static double m2N (double n) { n = 2*n; return n; }

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  • Dynamic Data Manipulation using XSLT from XML

    - by Imrul
    I am not working with XSLT not too long. I read that variable of XSLT can't be updated on the fly, so how can i do the following task. I want to sum up Purchase & Sales and put them into a variable, and make some decision according to these values. (For example, if Purchase is greater then sales then do something if not, do something else) <rows> <row> <col attr2="Purchase" >100.00</col> <col attr2="Sales" >100.00</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase" >19.16</col> <col attr2="Sales" >12.94</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase" >0.67</col> <col attr2="Sales" >2.74</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase" >71.95</col> <col attr2="Sales" >61.54</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase" >3.62</col> <col attr2="Sales" >14.72</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase">8.80</col> <col attr2="Sales">1.22</col> </row> <row > <col attr2="Purchase" >-4.28</col> <col attr2="Sales" >6.53</col> </row> </rows> if anyone knows, please help me.

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  • Problem accessing updated variables within OnTouch

    - by Jay Smith
    I have an OnTouch and a setOnTouchListener that updates varibles which contain screen coord info. The problem is it doesnt seem to ever update them. On line 78, RGB.setText(test); it never changes from 0.0. If i were to move that line and the line above it into the onTouch it updates. any idea what is wrong? Thank you. package com.evankimia.huskybus; import com.test.huskybus.R; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnTouchListener; import android.widget.TextView; public class HuskyBus extends Activity { TextView RGB; private CampusMap mCampusMap; private float startX = 0; //track x from one ACTION_MOVE to the next private float startY = 0; //track y from one ACTION_MOVE to the next float scrollByX = 0; //x amount to scroll by float scrollByY = 0; //y amount to scroll by /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); RGB = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.coordBox); mCampusMap = (CampusMap) findViewById(R.id.map); mCampusMap.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch (event.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: // Remember our initial down event location. startX = event.getRawX(); startY = event.getRawY(); break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: float x = event.getRawX(); float y = event.getRawY(); // Calculate move update. This will happen many times // during the course of a single movement gesture. scrollByX = x - startX; //move update x increment scrollByY = y - startY; //move update y increment startX = x; //reset initial values to latest startY = y; mCampusMap.invalidate(); break; }//end switch return false; } ; }); //end onDraw? String test = "" + scrollByX; RGB.setText(test); } }

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  • How build my own Application Setting

    - by adisembiring
    I want to build a ApplicationSetting for my application. The ApplicationSetting can be stored in a properties file or in a database table. The settings are stored in key-value pairs. E.g. ftp.host = blade ftp.username = dummy ftp.pass = pass content.row_pagination = 20 content.title = How to train your dragon. I have designed it as follows: Application settings reader: interface IApplicationSettingReader { read(); } DatabaseApplicationSettingReader { dao appSettingDao; AppSettings read() { List<AppSettingEntity> listEntity = appSettingsDao.findAll(); Map<String, String> map = new HaspMap<String, String>(); foreach (AppSettingEntity entity : listEntity) { map.put(entity.getConfigName(), entity.getConfigValue()); } return new AppSettings(map); } } DatabaseApplicationSettingReader { dao appSettingDao; AppSettings read() { //read from some properties file return new AppSettings(map); } } Application settings class: AppSettings { private static AppSettings instance; private Map map; Public AppSettings(Map map) { this.map = map; } public static AppSettings getInstance() { if (instance == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Object not configure yet"); } return instance; } public static configure(IApplicationSettingReader reader) { instance = reader.read(); } public String getFtpSetting(String param) { return map.get("ftp." + param); } public String getContentSetting(String param) { return map.get("content." + param); } } Test class: AppSettingsTest { IApplicationSettingReader reader; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { reader = new DatabaseApplicationSettingReader(); } @Test public void getContentSetting_should_get_content_title() { AppSettings.configure(reader); Instance settings = AppSettings.getInstance(); String title = settings.getContentSetting("title"); assertNotNull(title); Sysout(title); } } My questions are: Can you give your opinion about my code, is there something wrong? I configure my application setting once, while the application start, I configure the application setting with appropriate reader (DbReader or PropertiesReader), I make it singleton. The problem is, when some user edit the database or file directly to database or file, I can't get the changed values. Now, I want to implement something like ApplicationSettingChangeListener. So if the data changes, I will refresh my application settings. Do you have any suggestions how this can be implemented?

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  • JBOSS 7 encoding not working as expected

    - by Fofole
    I had problems with my listgrids not showing diacritcs corectly and I found out that when I inserted from java into the db the values where already bugged. A post here helped and I changed my project properties - Text encoding - other - UTF-8 and this fixed my problem. Thing is this only fixes my problem locally. What I need to do is on my Jboss server also set the encoding somehow. This is what I put in my configuration file: <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <server name="vali-ubuntu" xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:1.0"> extensions> extension module="org.jboss.as.clustering.infinispan"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.connector"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.deployment-scanner"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.ee"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.ejb3"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.jaxrs"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.jmx"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.logging"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.naming"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.osgi"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.remoting"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.sar"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.security"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.threads"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.transactions"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.web"/> extension module="org.jboss.as.weld"/> /extensions> system-properties> property name="org.apache.catalina.connector.URI_ENCODING" value="UTF-8"/> property name="org.apache.catalina.connector.USE_BODY_ENCODING_FOR_QUERY_STRING" value="tru e"/> /system-properties> //..... This doesn't work so maybe I need to add something else. I tried everything I could find with no succes so any help is appreciated. Thanks. EDIT:From what I read, this will work only in jboss 7.1.0 beta 1 or highier. (URIEncoding) and I use JBoss 7.0.2 so I need a replacement for 7.0.2

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  • How do I print out objects in an array in python?

    - by Jonathan
    I'm writing a code which performs a k-means clustering on a set of data. I'm actually using the code from a book called collective intelligence by O'Reilly. Everything works, but in his code he uses the command line and i want to write everything in notepad++. As a reference his line is >>>kclust=clusters.kcluster(data,k=10) >>>[rownames[r] for r in k[0]] Here is my code: from PIL import Image,ImageDraw def readfile(filename): lines=[line for line in file(filename)] # First line is the column titles colnames=lines[0].strip( ).split('\t')[1:] rownames=[] data=[] for line in lines[1:]: p=line.strip( ).split('\t') # First column in each row is the rowname rownames.append(p[0]) # The data for this row is the remainder of the row data.append([float(x) for x in p[1:]]) return rownames,colnames,data from math import sqrt def pearson(v1,v2): # Simple sums sum1=sum(v1) sum2=sum(v2) # Sums of the squares sum1Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v1]) sum2Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v2]) # Sum of the products pSum=sum([v1[i]*v2[i] for i in range(len(v1))]) # Calculate r (Pearson score) num=pSum-(sum1*sum2/len(v1)) den=sqrt((sum1Sq-pow(sum1,2)/len(v1))*(sum2Sq-pow(sum2,2)/len(v1))) if den==0: return 0 return 1.0-num/den class bicluster: def __init__(self,vec,left=None,right=None,distance=0.0,id=None): self.left=left self.right=right self.vec=vec self.id=id self.distance=distance def hcluster(rows,distance=pearson): distances={} currentclustid=-1 # Clusters are initially just the rows clust=[bicluster(rows[i],id=i) for i in range(len(rows))] while len(clust)>1: lowestpair=(0,1) closest=distance(clust[0].vec,clust[1].vec) # loop through every pair looking for the smallest distance for i in range(len(clust)): for j in range(i+1,len(clust)): # distances is the cache of distance calculations if (clust[i].id,clust[j].id) not in distances: distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)]=distance(clust[i].vec,clust[j].vec) #print 'i' #print i #print #print 'j' #print j #print d=distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)] if d<closest: closest=d lowestpair=(i,j) # calculate the average of the two clusters mergevec=[ (clust[lowestpair[0]].vec[i]+clust[lowestpair[1]].vec[i])/2.0 for i in range(len(clust[0].vec))] # create the new cluster newcluster=bicluster(mergevec,left=clust[lowestpair[0]], right=clust[lowestpair[1]], distance=closest,id=currentclustid) # cluster ids that weren't in the original set are negative currentclustid-=1 del clust[lowestpair[1]] del clust[lowestpair[0]] clust.append(newcluster) return clust[0] def kcluster(rows,distance=pearson,k=4): # Determine the minimum and maximum values for each point ranges=[(min([row[i] for row in rows]),max([row[i] for row in rows])) for i in range(len(rows[0]))] # Create k randomly placed centroids clusters=[[random.random( )*(ranges[i][1]-ranges[i][0])+ranges[i][0] for i in range(len(rows[0]))] for j in range(k)] lastmatches=None for t in range(100): print 'Iteration %d' % t bestmatches=[[] for i in range(k)] # Find which centroid is the closest for each row for j in range(len(rows)): row=rows[j] bestmatch=0 for i in range(k): d=distance(clusters[i],row) if d<distance(clusters[bestmatch],row): bestmatch=i bestmatches[bestmatch].append(j) # If the results are the same as last time, this is complete if bestmatches==lastmatches: break lastmatches=bestmatches # Move the centroids to the average of their members for i in range(k): avgs=[0.0]*len(rows[0]) if len(bestmatches[i])>0: for rowid in bestmatches[i]: for m in range(len(rows[rowid])): avgs[m]+=rows[rowid][m] for j in range(len(avgs)): avgs[j]/=len(bestmatches[i]) clusters[i]=avgs return bestmatches

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  • navigator.onLine

    - by cf_PhillipSenn
    I'm playing with the incomplete example found at http://www.w3.org/TR/offline-webapps/ But I'm distressed to see comments in it like: "renders the note somewhere", and "report error", and "// …" So, will someone please help me write a valid example? Here's what I've got so far: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html manifest="cache-manifest"> <head> <script> var db = openDatabase("notes", "", "The Example Notes App!", 1048576); function renderNote(row) { // renders the note somewhere } function reportError(source, message) { // report error } function renderNotes() { db.transaction(function(tx) { tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Notes(title TEXT, body TEXT)', []); tx.executeSql(‘SELECT * FROM Notes’, [], function(tx, rs) { for(var i = 0; i < rs.rows.length; i++) { renderNote(rs.rows[i]); } }); }); } function insertNote(title, text) { db.transaction(function(tx) { tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO Notes VALUES(?, ?)', [ title, text ], function(tx, rs) { // … }, function(tx, error) { reportError('sql', error.message); }); }); } </script> <style> label { display:block; } </style> </head> <body> <form> <label for="mytitle">Title:</label> <input name="mytitle"> <label for="mytext">Text:</label> <textarea name="mytext"></textarea> <!-- There is no submit button because I want to save the info on every keystroke --> </form> </body> </html> I also know that I have to incorporate this in there somewhere: if (navigator.onLine) { // Send data using XMLHttpRequest } else { // Queue data locally to send later } But I'm not sure what even I would tie that too.

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  • can we use both custom button and inbuilt button in datagridview

    - by Srikanth Mattihalli
    HI all, I am using Datagridview in asp.net. I have used custom buttons of up and down in the datagridview along with edit,delete and paging options. I am handling the up down buttons by raising events in rowcommand and the code is as below string command = e.CommandName; Response.Write(e.CommandArgument.ToString()); int index = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument.ToString()); int count = GridView1.Rows.Count; int keyValue = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells1.Text); string value = GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text; SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(SqlDataSource1.ConnectionString); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); if (command == "up") { if (index > 0) { index = index - 1; int keyValue1 = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[1].Text); string value1 = GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text; cmd.Connection = conn; cmd.CommandText = "UPDATE [category] SET [order_id] = '" + value + "' WHERE [category_id]=" + keyValue1 + ";UPDATE [category] SET [order_id] = '" + value1 + "' WHERE [category_id]=" + keyValue + ";"; conn.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); conn.Close(); } } else if (command == "down") { if (index < count - 1) { index = index + 1; int keyValue1 = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[1].Text); string value1 = GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text; cmd.Connection = conn; cmd.CommandText = "UPDATE [category] SET [order_id] = '" + value + "' WHERE [category_id]=" + keyValue1 + ";UPDATE [category] SET [order_id] = '" + value1 + "' WHERE [category_id]=" + keyValue + ";"; conn.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); conn.Close(); } } Response.Redirect("Default.aspx"); Designer file " DeleteCommand="DELETE FROM [category] WHERE [category_id] = @category_id" InsertCommand="INSERT INTO [category] ([categoryname], [navigation_url], [order_id]) VALUES (@categoryname, @navigation_url, @order_id)" SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM [category] order by order_id" UpdateCommand="UPDATE [category] SET [categoryname] = @categoryname, [navigation_url] = @navigation_url, [order_id] = @order_id WHERE [category_id] = @category_id" After this my edit,delete and paging is not working bcoz of event conflicts. Can anyone plz help me on this, so that i will be able to use both custom buttons(up and down) and edit,delete and paging features.

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  • Calculating a Sample Covariance Matrix for Groups with plyr

    - by John A. Ramey
    I'm going to use the sample code from http://gettinggeneticsdone.blogspot.com/2009/11/split-apply-and-combine-in-r-using-plyr.html for this example. So, first, let's copy their example data: mydata=data.frame(X1=rnorm(30), X2=rnorm(30,5,2), SNP1=c(rep("AA",10), rep("Aa",10), rep("aa",10)), SNP2=c(rep("BB",10), rep("Bb",10), rep("bb",10))) I am going to ignore SNP2 in this example and just pretend the values in SNP1 denote group membership. So then, I may want some summary statistics about each group in SNP1: "AA", "Aa", "aa". Then if I want to calculate the means for each variable, it makes sense (modifying their code slightly) to use: > ddply(mydata, c("SNP1"), function(df) data.frame(meanX1=mean(df$X1), meanX2=mean(df$X2))) SNP1 meanX1 meanX2 1 aa 0.05178028 4.812302 2 Aa 0.30586206 4.820739 3 AA -0.26862500 4.856006 But what if I want the sample covariance matrix for each group? Ideally, I would like a 3D array, where the I have the covariance matrix for each group, and the third dimension denotes the corresponding group. I tried a modified version of the previous code and got the following results that have convinced me that I'm doing something wrong. > daply(mydata, c("SNP1"), function(df) cov(cbind(df$X1, df$X2))) , , = 1 SNP1 1 2 aa 1.4961210 -0.9496134 Aa 0.8833190 -0.1640711 AA 0.9942357 -0.9955837 , , = 2 SNP1 1 2 aa -0.9496134 2.881515 Aa -0.1640711 2.466105 AA -0.9955837 4.938320 I was thinking that the dim() of the 3rd dimension would be 3, but instead, it is 2. Really this is a sliced up version of the covariance matrix for each group. If we manually compute the sample covariance matrix for aa, we get: [,1] [,2] [1,] 1.4961210 -0.9496134 [2,] -0.9496134 2.8815146 Using plyr, the following gives me what I want in list() form: > dlply(mydata, c("SNP1"), function(df) cov(cbind(df$X1, df$X2))) $aa [,1] [,2] [1,] 1.4961210 -0.9496134 [2,] -0.9496134 2.8815146 $Aa [,1] [,2] [1,] 0.8833190 -0.1640711 [2,] -0.1640711 2.4661046 $AA [,1] [,2] [1,] 0.9942357 -0.9955837 [2,] -0.9955837 4.9383196 attr(,"split_type") [1] "data.frame" attr(,"split_labels") SNP1 1 aa 2 Aa 3 AA But like I said earlier, I would really like this in a 3D array. Any thoughts on where I went wrong with daply() or suggestions? Of course, I could typecast the list from dlply() to a 3D array, but I'd rather not do this because I will be repeating this process many times in a simulation. As a side note, I found one method (http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg86328.html) that provides the sample covariance matrix for each group, but the outputted object is bloated. Thanks in advance.

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