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• Basic questions about network topologies

  - by laoshanlung

  I have just started learning about network topologies, but there are a lot of confusion about different types of network topologies i have learnt so far. First of all, BUS topology. If i have like 100 PCs in the same wire connected using BUS topology, and the network connection speed is 100Mbps, then each PC will have a connection of 1Mbps, right ? With the same scenario, if i connect those 100 PCs using STAR topology, then each PC will have a connection of 100Mbps ? Then with the TREE topology, i divide the system into 10 sub-system (10 tree branches) , each branch has 10 PCs, then i will have other 10 small "BUS-topology" networks each one will have a connection of 10Mbps and therefore each PC will also have 10Mbps ? And the last one is RING topology, 100 PCs, each PC will have 100Mbps connection ?

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• few basic questions on webhosting (namservers & dns records)

  - by claws

  I bought a domain name on name.com & I want to use free webhosting on 110mb.com By default name.com integrates services of Google apps. Name server entries are ns1.name.com ns2.name.com ns3.name.com ns4.name.com When I registered on 110mb.com it gave me two addresses ns1.110mb.com ns2.110mb.com This is where I'm lost. The concept is that "Domain name should point to an address of the server where the website is hosted" right? Then why are these 4 entires by default. How exactly is it working? should I remove these 4 and then add 110mb.com servers or just append 110mb.com server addresses to name.com ones. I would like to use google apps. If I change these name server addresses would that remove google apps? I especially want to use email service of google. And I really don't understand what is CNAME, MX, or something something. I want to learn about these stuff & how it exactly works. When I search for webhost tutorial. I'm unable to find any fruitful results.

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• How to create basic load balancer?

  - by Ilya Rusanen

  guys. I'd like to deploy my app on two different servers, located in US and Germany. As I suppose, I need to set up some kind of load balancer, that would deternime from which country my user is, and resolve it to US/Germany server. The general aim is to provide user abitiliy to work with the closest server (CDN is not a solution, 'cause we dont share static content). Where should I place load balancer that would resolve user to USA/GER severs? In usa/germany? What shold it look like? A usual server with some specific app or what? Thank you.

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• Basic IIS7 permissions question

  - by Tom Gullen

  We have a website, with a file: www.example.com/apis/httpapi.asp This file is used by the site internally to make requests joining two systems on the website together (one is Classic ASP, the other ASP.net). However, we do not want the public to be able to access the file. In IIS7.5, is there a setting I can do to make this file internal only? I've tried rewriting the URL for it but this rewrite is also applied internally so the scripts stop working as they fetch the rewritten url. Thanks for any help!

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• Remove Live ID authentication from user account

  - by slugster

  I've just run in to a really annoying issue with Windows 8.1 - it seems I cannot remove the need to use Live ID credentials from an account without completely deleting that account. I know the process to do it - use the Disconnect link from the Accounts-Your account screen. The trouble comes when you get to the Switch to a local account screen, it will not let you enter the current account for the user name, instead you must enter a new one thus creating a new user account. Can I revert back to using just a local login without having to recreate the account? It seems quite retarded that I have to recreate the account, as deep down the only change required is which credential provider is used to authenticate the login. (Note that this Live ID linkage was created by using the Windows Store, not as a result of an upgrade from 8 to 8.1).

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• Basic OpenVPN setup not working

  - by WalterJ89

  I am attempting to connect 2 win7 (x64+ x32) computers (there will be 4 in total) using OpenVPN. Right now they are on the same network but the intention is to be able to access the client remotely regardless of its location. The Problem I am having is I am unable to ping or tracert between the two computers. They seem to be on different subnets even though I have the mask set to 255.255.255.0. The server ends up as 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.252 and the client 10.8.0.6 255.255.255.252. And a third ends up as 10.8.0.10. I don't know if this a Windows 7 problem or something I have wrong in my config. Its a very simple set up, I'm not connecting two LANs. this is the server config (removed all the extra lines because it was too ugly) port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca keys/ca.crt cert keys/server.crt key keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret dh keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt client-to-client duplicate-cn keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 6 this is the client config client dev tun proto udp remote thisdomainis.random.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca keys/ca.crt cert keys/client.crt key keys/client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 6 Is there anything I missed in this? keys are all correct and the vpn's connect fine, its just the subnet or route issue. Thank You EDIT it seems on the server the openvpn-status.log has the routes for the client SERVER OpenVPN CLIENT LIST Updated,Wed May 19 18:26:32 2010 Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since client,192.168.10.102:50517,19157,20208,Wed May 19 17:38:25 2010 ROUTING TABLE Virtual Address,Common Name,Real Address,Last Ref 10.8.0.6,client,192.168.10.102:50517,Wed May 19 17:38:56 2010 GLOBAL STATS Max bcast/mcast queue length,0 END Also this is from the client.log file: Which seems to be correct C:\WINDOWS\system32\route.exe ADD 10.8.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.5 Another EDIT 'route print' on the server shows the route: Destination Mask Gateway Interface 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.2 10.8.0.1 the same on the client shows 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 So the routes are there.. what can the problem be? Is there anything wrong with my configs? Why would OpenVPN be having problems communicating?

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• basic device that can connect to internet

  - by Hellnar

  Hello, I am looking for a cheap solution to my problem: I need to find either an already existing common device (that is used in restaurants, bars clubs) or a cheap new device that I will distribute to those places, which can connect to internet (via the already existing ethernet or wireless based internet) and do HTTP request/receive response and retrieve information ? (For instance can a POS device connect to internet?) For a project, I need to do identity validation on several restaurants and bars and not all of them have computers. So I will be giving "cheap and easy to use devices" and non-IT personal can use it to do http request to my server and get response. All I can think of is Cell phones and SMS.

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• Basic clarification about Limited FTP/sFTP users

  - by mattewre

  I would like to get some clarification about the correct way to create limited users to access to my VPS user as WEBSERVER with Nginix. I'm used to NOT install FTP and access via SFTP only. It is ok for every set up? this is what I usually do from to create a limited user called "admin" that should be able to have access via SFTP to the folder with the website data mkdir -p /var/www/mysite.com/ adduser admin adduser admin www-data chown -R root:root /var/www chmod -R 755 /var/www chmod -R 755 /var/www/mysite.com chown -R admin:www-data /var/www/mysite.com/ It seems not to be the correct way, I always have problems with permission when I upload some files (for example with Wordpress in general). I would like to create an user that does work exactly as the one that the "provides" give to their client when they buy an Hosting service (that is a FTP, I would prefer SFTP access). It is for personal user, but I think that a limited user is a lot safer to use then the "root" via SFTP.

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• Glassfish basic configuration forgotten

  - by Toto

  I installed glassfish v3 some time ago and it's been a while since I last used it, so I forgot the port on which the server is listening and the port on which the admin console is listening. Moreover, i forgot the admin password! I'm pretty sure I've change them because I've tried the default values and didn't work. Is there any configuration file where I can look for them (at least the port numbers)?

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• Microsoft Basic Office 2007 Activation Keys won't work after re-installing on my Laptop

  - by Rolnik

  So, I've upgraded my hard-drive on my laptop, and proceeded to grab my trusty copper-faced Official MS Office disk to do an install. I have three licenses with the fancy green-blue paper that identifies the license keys. Problem is, that for each of these license keys, when the Office 2007 software asks that I enter the "Product Key" it states: The key is incorrect. Verify that you have the correct key, and then retype it Why would Microsoft want to inhibit/prohibit re-installs on the same machine that the software was initially installed to? Incidentally, the same goofy error happens with each of the three valid product key (activation keys) that I enter.

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• Private key authentication with pam_ldap

  - by Gareth

  I'd like to set up pam_ldap on some of our servers so that we can centrally manage who has access to which server, and easily revoke access if e.g. someone leaves the company. I've done some research and got this working. Hooray! However I'd also like to be able to use public-private key logins - i.e. allow users to store their public keys in the LDAP directory and have these work for logins too. I can't find any documentation about being able to do this, but I also can't find any reasons that it shouldn't be possible. Is there a way to do it, or is there some fundamental reason that it won't work?

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• AWS elastic load balancer basic issues

  - by Jones

  I have an array of EC2 t1.micro instances behind a load balancer and each node can manage ~100 concurrent users before it starts to get wonky. i would THINK if i have 2 such instances it would allow my network to manage 200 concurrent users... apparently not. When i really slam the server (blitz.io) with a full 275 concurrents, it behaves the same as if there is just one node. it goes from 400ms response time to 1.6 seconds (which for a single t1.micro is expected, but not 6). So the question is, am i simply not doing something right or is ELB effectively worthless? Anyone have some wisdom on this? AB logs: Loadbalancer (3x m1.medium) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.668 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 4285.10 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.337 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.233 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1661.35 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 4.3 2 63 Processing: 2 21 15.1 19 302 Waiting: 2 21 15.0 19 261 Total: 3 23 15.7 21 304 Single instance (1x m1.medium direct connection) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 9.597 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 5210.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 19.193 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2020.01 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 9 128.9 3 3010 Processing: 1 10 8.7 9 141 Waiting: 1 9 8.7 8 140 Total: 2 19 129.0 12 3020

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• Machine account authentication on Radius server

  - by O.Shevchenko

  My workstation is under Linux. I have an Active Directory domain controller + Radius server on Windows 2008. I can verify user account 'radius-01' using 'radtest' tool: $ radtest -t pap radius-01 password123 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 Sending Access-Request of id 98 to 195.234.73.2 port 1812 User-Name = "radius-01" User-Password = "password123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.1.1 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 195.234.133.32 port 1812, id=98, length=84 Framed-MTU = 1344 Framed-Protocol = PPP Service-Type = Framed-User Class = 0x537004f00000013700010200ac1c0... I have joined my Linux PC to Active Directory domain ARB-HRK using Samba: [root@shev-arb]# net ads testjoin Join is OK I can dump machine password: [root@shev-arb]# tdbdump /var/lib/samba/private/secrets.tdb { key(34) = "SECRETS/MACHINE_PASSWORD/ARB-HRK" data(15) = "yGgXJsquRnpT0g\00" } How can i authenticate my machine account on Radius server? Do anybody know any tools for this, like: radtest shev-arb$ yGgXJsquRnpT0g 195.234.133.32 1812 password123 (this command fails)

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• How to get the basic mail command in ubuntu 10 to work

  - by Maureen Adamson

  I am a college lecturer to whom the task of supporting the students' Linux Server has fallen. My students just need to use the mail command to communicate with me and each other. I thought mail would be there by default but it wasn't. I have tried all the advice I found on the Internet and tried to install mailutils, sendmail, mailx, exim4 and postfix. There were more but I can't remember them all now. After installing (if it works - some of them don't), when I try to send a message they all give me: /usr/sbin/sendmail: file or directory not found. I don't need anything fancy - we don't need to access remote email, just locally on our server. Incidentally the same problems are occurring on the physical server and my test virtual machine, installed at different times but both Ubuntu 10. Can anyone help me?

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• PAM / LDAP authentication with Ubuntu 10.04

  - by t6d

  I can't wrap my brain around the new pam.d configuration syntax used in Ubuntu 10.04. How do I setup PAM so that it allows users stored in my LDAP database to login. I already configured nscd, so id <user> or getent passwd are already listing my LDAP users, but PAM doesn't work, whether the normal shell login nor su.

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• How to use public-key ssh authentication

  - by Poma

  I have 2 ubuntu 12.04 (beta) servers (node1 and node2) and want to establish passwordless root access between them. Other users should not have access to other boxes. Also note that ssh default port is changed to 220. Here's what I did: sudo -i cd /root/.ssh ssh-keygen -t rsa # with default name and empty password cat id_rsa.pub > authorized_keys then copied id_rsa & id_rsa.pub to node2 and added id_rsa.pub to authorized_keys. Both hosts have the same /root/.ssh/config file: Host node1 Hostname 1.2.3.4 Port 220 IdentityFile /root/.ssh/id_rsa Host node2 Hostname 5.6.7.8 Port 220 IdentityFile /root/.ssh/id_rsa Now the problem is that when I type ssh node2 it asks me for password. What may be the problem?

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• Legal reasons not use Home Basic / Home Premium in a business

  - by Colin Pickard

  Is there any legal reason why you can't use the Home versions of Windows 7 or Vista in a business environment? The technical differences and limitations are well documented online but I can't find anything that says there is a legal restriction like there is for the Home editions of Microsoft Office.

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• few basic questions on webhosting (namservers & dns records)

  - by claws

  I bought a domain name on name.com & I want to use free webhosting on 110mb.com By default name.com integrates services of Google apps. Name server entries are ns1.name.com ns2.name.com ns3.name.com ns4.name.com When I registered on 110mb.com it gave me two addresses ns1.110mb.com ns2.110mb.com This is where I'm lost. The concept is that "Domain name should point to an address of the server where the website is hosted" right? Then why are these 4 entires by default. How exactly is it working? should I remove these 4 and then add 110mb.com servers or just append 110mb.com server addresses to name.com ones. I would like to use google apps. If I change these name server addresses would that remove google apps? I especially want to use email service of google. And I really don't understand what is CNAME, MX, or something something. I want to learn about these stuff & how it exactly works. When I search for webhost tutorial. I'm unable to find any fruitful results.

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• Forms Authentication across Sub-Domains on local IIS

  - by Parminder

  I asked this question at SO http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8278015/forms-nauthentication-across-sub-domains-on-local-iis Now asking it here. I know a cookie can be shared across multiple subdomains using the setting <forms name=".ASPXAUTH" loginUrl="Login/" protection="Validation" timeout="120" path="/" domain=".mydomain.com"/> in Web.config. But how to replicate same thing on local machine. I am using windows 7 and IIS 7 on my laptop. So I have sites localhost.users/ for my actual site users.mysite.com localhost.host/ for host.mysite.com and similar.

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• How to change password schema for Dovecot user authentication for an already existing mail server

  - by deb_lrnr

  Hello, I have an email server setup on Debian Lenny with Postfix, Dovecot, SASL and MySQL. Currently, the password scheme in my dovecot-sql.conf file is set to: CRYPT default_pass_scheme = CRYPT I would like to globally change the scheme to something stronger like SSHA, or MD5-CRYPT and re-hash all passwords with SSHA. What is the best way to do this? The Dovecot wiki mentions how passwords that don't follow the default scheme defined in dovecot-sql.conf can be prefixed with "{ssha}password", but I couldn't see anything regarding changing an already-existing scheme to a new one for all passwords that are already in the database. Thanks for your help!

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• Authentication Order with SSH

  - by Oz123

  i am still have troubles mastering sshd - when I login with -v I see that ssh is authenticating the following way debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password,hostbased I would like to change the order ... any idea how ? My bigger problem is that user with locked accounts, can still login via public-keys. I have found that I could add the user to a group "ssh-locked" add deny that group from sshing, but I am still wondering if there is a way to tell ssh'd : Please check password before keys ... Thanks, Oz

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• mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (Kerberos authentication)

  - by Nick

  There's plenty of references to this error on Goggle, and even a question here with the same title, but it seems that "access denied by server while mounting" is a catch-all error. I've tried suggestions that others have used to fix this problem, but they did not work in my case. I'm trying to set-up a Kerberos-based NFS file server with shared homes for a Linux network. I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 Servers and clients. When trying to mount a share using: mount 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ /media/tmp I get: mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ This is the same if I mount it from a client machine or from the server itself. On the server, in /var/log/syslog I get: Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated mount request from 192.168.1.115:835 for /export/home (/export/home) Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated unmount request from 192.168.1.115:766 for /export/home (/export/home) Which is odd, since it says it's authenticated the request, not denying it. /etc/exports: /export *(rw,fsid=0,crossmnt,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) /export/home *(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) On client: me@dt1:/$ rpcinfo -p 192.168.1.115 program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 37320 status 100024 1 tcp 48460 status 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100227 2 tcp 2049 100227 3 tcp 2049 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100227 2 udp 2049 100227 3 udp 2049 100021 1 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100005 1 udp 45627 mountd 100005 1 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 2 udp 45627 mountd 100005 2 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 3 udp 45627 mountd 100005 3 tcp 60265 mountd Any suggestions I could try?

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• Samba as a PDC and offline authentication

  - by Aimé Barteaux

  Say I have a Windows laptop which has been connected to a domain. The domain has a Samba server as a PDC. Now say that I move the laptop outside of the network (the network is completely inaccessible). Will I be able to logon into accounts I have accessed before on the laptop (through GINA)? Update: Looking at the smb.comf documentation I noticed the setting winbind offline logon: This parameter is designed to control whether Winbind should allow to login with the pam_winbind module using Cached Credentials. If enabled, winbindd will store user credentials from successful logins encrypted in a local cache.. To me it looks like this solves the issue but can anyone else confirm it and/or point out if any additional values need to be set?

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• MPLS basic configuration

  - by Vineet Menon

  I want to test out MPLS VPN in my lab. I have 3 routers. 2 PEs and 1P router, all cisco 2921. Something like this, ----- ---- ----- | PE1 |.1____192.168.1.0____.2| P |.2____192.168.2.0____.1| PE2 | | | | | | | ----- ---- ----- lo0:10.1.1.1 lo0:10.1.1.2 lo0:10.1.1.3 Here's the configuration file for each of them, PE1 router hostname PE1 ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! ! ! ip vrf cust1 rd 100:100 route-target export 100:100 route-target import 100:100 ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding cust1 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! router bgp 100 bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 10.1.1.3 remote-as 100 neighbor 10.1.1.3 update-source Loopback0 neighbor 172.16.1.2 remote-as 65001 ! address-family vpnv4 neighbor 10.1.1.3 activate neighbor 10.1.1.3 send-community extended exit-address-family For P router: hostname P ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! For PE2 router: ! hostname PE2 ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! ! ! ip vrf cust1 rd 100:100 route-target export 100:100 route-target import 100:100 ! ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip vrf forwarding cust1 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! router bgp 100 bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 100 neighbor 10.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0 neighbor 172.16.2.2 remote-as 65001 ! address-family vpnv4 neighbor 10.1.1.1 activate neighbor 10.1.1.1 send-community extended exit-address-family ! I am following this article form cisco. But things are not working properly. Any help would be appreciated.

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• How to display SSH banner at login, but only for password authentication

  - by banjer

  I have a warning message that is displayed to a user after they enter their username to log in to our Linux servers. I only want to display this message for password authentications, and not when keys are used. It should only show to a user who is logging into a host, and not when they are sshing from one host to another (our hosts all have keys set up so we can ssh from one to another without entering passwords). Currently, I have a line for Banner in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file which points to a text file containing the warning message. Banner doesn't appear to have any further config options, so I'm wondering if there is a way to do this with pam or some other mechanism? Thanks.

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