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• qemu-kvm virtual machine virtio network freeze under load

  - by Rick Koshi

  I'm having a problem with my virtual machines, where the network will freeze under heavy load. I'm using CentOS 6.2 as both host and guest, not using libvirt, just running qemu-kvm directly as follows: /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm \ -drive file=/data2/vm/rb-dev2-www1-vm.img,index=0,media=disk,cache=none,if=virtio \ -boot order=c \ -m 2G \ -smp cores=1,threads=2 \ -vga std \ -name rb-dev2-www1-vm \ -vnc :84,password \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=52:54:20:00:00:54,model=virtio \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap84,script=/etc/qemu-ifup \ -monitor unix:/var/run/vm/rb-dev2-www1-vm.mon,server,nowait \ -rtc base=utc \ -device piix3-usb-uhci \ -device usb-tablet /etc/qemu-ifup (used by the above command) is a very simple script, containing the following: #!/bin/sh sudo /sbin/ifconfig $1 0.0.0.0 promisc up sudo /usr/sbin/brctl addif br0 $1 sleep 2 And here's the info on br0 and other interfaces: avl-host3 14# brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.180373f5521a no bond0 tap84 virbr0 8000.525400858961 yes virbr0-nic avl-host3 15# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: em1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master bond0 state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: em2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master bond0 state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: em3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: em4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 6: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::1a03:73ff:fef5:521a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 18:03:73:f5:52:1a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.1.46/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global br0 inet6 fe80::1a03:73ff:fef5:521a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 8: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 52:54:00:85:89:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 9: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500 link/ether 52:54:00:85:89:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 12: tap84: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 500 link/ether ba:e8:9b:2a:ff:48 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::b8e8:9bff:fe2a:ff48/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever bond0 is a bond of em1 and em2. virbr0 and virbr0-nic are vestigial interfaces left over from CentOS's default installation. They are unused (as far as I know). The guest runs perfectly until I run a large 'rsync', when the network will freeze after some seemingly-random time (usually under a minute). When it freezes, there is no network activity in or out of the guest. I can still connect to the guest's console via vnc, but it is unable to speak out its network interface. Any attempt to 'ping' from the guest gives a "Destination Host Unreachable" error for 3/4 packets and no reply for every fourth packet. Sometimes (perhaps two thirds of the time), I can bring the interface back to life by doing a "service network restart" from the guest's console. If this works (and if I do it before the rsync times out), the rsync will resume. Usually it will freeze again within a minute or two. If I repeat, the rsync will eventually finish, and I presume the machine goes back to waiting for another period of heavy load. Throughout the whole process, there are no console errors or relevant (that I can see) syslog messages on either guest or host machine. If the "service network restart" doesn't work the first time, trying again (and again and again) never seems to work. The command completes normally, with normal output, but the interface stays frozen. However, a soft reboot of the guest machine (without restarting qemu-kvm) always seems to bring it back. I am aware of the "lowest mac address" assignment problem, where the bridge takes on the mac address of the slave interface with the lowest mac address. This causes temporary network freezes, but is definitely not what's happening for me. My freezes are permanent until manual intervention, and you can see from the 'ip addr show' output above that the mac address being used by br0 is that of the physical ethernet. There are no other virtual machines running on the host. I've verified that each virtual machine on the subnet has its own unique mac address. I have rebuilt the guest machine several times, and I have tried this on three different host machines (identical hardware, built identically). Oddly, I do have one virtual host (the second of this series) which never seemed to have a problem. It never had its network freeze when it was running the same rsync during its build. It's particularly odd because it was the second build. The first, on a different host, did have the freezing problem, but the second did not. I assumed at the time that I had done something wrong with the first build, and that the problem was resolved. Unfortunately, the problem reappeared when I built the third VM. Also unfortunately, I can't do many tests with the working VM, as it's now in production use, and I'm hoping I can find the cause of this issue before that machine starts having problems. It's possible that I just got really lucky while running the rsync on the working machine, and that one time it didn't freeze. Of course it's possible that I somehow changed the build scripts without realizing it and re-broke something, but I can't find any such thing. In any case, I'm hoping someone has some idea what could cause this. Addendum: Preliminary tests suggest that I don't have the problem if I substitute e1000 for virtio in the first -net flag to qemu-kvm. I don't consider this a solution, but it is suitable for a stopgap. Has anyone else had (or better yet, solved) this problem with the virtio network driver?

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• Autounattend.xml not being recognized in VirtualBox

  - by beagle

  I am working my way through the steps on this page to prepare an unattended installation of Windows 7 Enterprise x64 for purposes of a college assignment which simply requires the process to be carried out and documented. Both the "technician" and "reference" computers are virtual machines created in VirtualBox 4.3.12, as will be the destination computer. I seem to have successfully completed Step 1, building an Autounattend.xml answer file using Windows System Image Manager, in as far as the answer file validates successfully. The problem arises when I try to install Windows on the reference machine from the DVD image in conjunction with the Autounattend file on a USB drive. I have tried a couple of different USB devices, and the devices themselves seem to be recognized, but the answer file does not, as instead of taking the configuration settings from the file the user interface appears as in a manual installation. Has anyone come across this problem or a solution? The xml created by Windows SIM is below for reference in case the problem is with the file itself. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend"> <settings pass="oobeSystem"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Deployment" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <Reseal> <Mode>Audit</Mode> </Reseal> </component> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <OOBE> <HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage> <ProtectYourPC>3</ProtectYourPC> </OOBE> </component> </settings> <settings pass="windowsPE"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <SetupUILanguage> <UILanguage>en-IE</UILanguage> </SetupUILanguage> <InputLocale>en-IE</InputLocale> <SystemLocale>en-IE</SystemLocale> <UILanguage>en-IE</UILanguage> <UserLocale>en-IE</UserLocale> </component> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <DiskConfiguration> <Disk wcm:action="add"> <CreatePartitions> <CreatePartition wcm:action="add"> <Order>1</Order> <Size>300</Size> <Type>Primary</Type> </CreatePartition> <CreatePartition wcm:action="add"> <Order>2</Order> <Extend>true</Extend> <Type>Primary</Type> </CreatePartition> </CreatePartitions> <ModifyPartitions> <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"> <Active>true</Active> <Format>NTFS</Format> <Label>System</Label> <Order>1</Order> <PartitionID>1</PartitionID> </ModifyPartition> <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"> <Format>NTFS</Format> <Label>Windows</Label> <Order>2</Order> <PartitionID>2</PartitionID> </ModifyPartition> </ModifyPartitions> <DiskID>0</DiskID> <WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk> </Disk> <WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI> </DiskConfiguration> <ImageInstall> <OSImage> <InstallTo> <DiskID>0</DiskID> <PartitionID>2</PartitionID> </InstallTo> <InstallToAvailablePartition>false</InstallToAvailablePartition> <WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI> </OSImage> </ImageInstall> <UserData> <ProductKey> <WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI> </ProductKey> <AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula> </UserData> </component> </settings> <settings pass="specialize"> <component name="Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <Home_Page>http://www.example.com</Home_Page> </component> </settings> <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim://technician/users/user/desktop/install.wim#Windows 7 ENTERPRISE" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />

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• Android source code not working, reading frame buffer through glReadPixels

  - by Muhammad Ali Rajput

  Hi, I am new to Android development and have an assignment to read frame buffer data after a specified interval of time. I have come up with the following code: public class mainActivity extends Activity { Bitmap mSavedBM; private EGL10 egl; private EGLDisplay display; private EGLConfig config; private EGLSurface surface; private EGLContext eglContext; private GL11 gl; protected int width, height; //Called when the activity is first created. @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // get the screen width and height DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics(); getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm); int screenWidth = dm.widthPixels; int screenHeight = dm.heightPixels; String SCREENSHOT_DIR = "/screenshots"; initGLFr(); //GlView initialized. savePixels( 0, 10, screenWidth, screenHeight, gl); //this gets the screen to the mSavedBM. saveBitmap(mSavedBM, SCREENSHOT_DIR, "capturedImage"); //Now we need to save the bitmap (the screen capture) to some location. setContentView(R.layout.main); //This displays the content on the screen } private void initGLFr() { egl = (EGL10) EGLContext.getEGL(); display = egl.eglGetDisplay(EGL10.EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY); int[] ver = new int[2]; egl.eglInitialize(display, ver); int[] configSpec = {EGL10.EGL_NONE}; EGLConfig[] configOut = new EGLConfig[1]; int[] nConfig = new int[1]; egl.eglChooseConfig(display, configSpec, configOut, 1, nConfig); config = configOut[0]; eglContext = egl.eglCreateContext(display, config, EGL10.EGL_NO_CONTEXT, null); surface = egl.eglCreateWindowSurface(display, config, SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_GPU, null); egl.eglMakeCurrent(display, surface, surface, eglContext); gl = (GL11) eglContext.getGL(); } public void savePixels(int x, int y, int w, int h, GL10 gl) { if (gl == null) return; synchronized (this) { if (mSavedBM != null) { mSavedBM.recycle(); mSavedBM = null; } } int b[] = new int[w * (y + h)]; int bt[] = new int[w * h]; IntBuffer ib = IntBuffer.wrap(b); ib.position(0); gl.glReadPixels(x, 0, w, y + h, GL10.GL_RGBA,GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,ib); for (int i = 0, k = 0; i < h; i++, k++) { //OpenGLbitmap is incompatible with Android bitmap //and so, some corrections need to be done. for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) { int pix = b[i * w + j]; int pb = (pix >> 16) & 0xff; int pr = (pix << 16) & 0x00ff0000; int pix1 = (pix & 0xff00ff00) | pr | pb; bt[(h - k - 1) * w + j] = pix1; } } Bitmap sb = Bitmap.createBitmap(bt, w, h, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); synchronized (this) { mSavedBM = sb; } } static String saveBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, String dir, String baseName) { try { File sdcard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); File pictureDir = new File(sdcard, dir); pictureDir.mkdirs(); File f = null; for (int i = 1; i < 200; ++i) { String name = baseName + i + ".png"; f = new File(pictureDir, name); if (!f.exists()) { break; } } if (!f.exists()) { String name = f.getAbsolutePath(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(name); bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return name; } } catch (Exception e) { } finally { //if (fos != null) { // fos.close(); // } } return null; } } Also, if some one can direct me to better way to read the framebuffer it would be great. I am using Android 2.2 and virtual device of API level 8. I have gone through many previous discussions and have found that we can not know read frame buffer directly throuh the "/dev/graphics/fb0". Thanks, Muhammad Ali

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• Reading xml document in firefox

  - by Searock

  I am trying to read customers.xml using javascript. My professor has taught us to read xml using `ActiveXObjectand he has given us an assignment to create a sample login page which checks username and password by reading customers.xml. I am trying to use DOMParser so that it works with firefox. But when I click on Login button I get this error. Error: syntax error Source File: file:///C:/Users/Searock/Desktop/home/project/project/login.html Line: 1, Column: 1 Source Code: customers.xml Here's my code. login.js var xmlDoc = 0; function checkUser() { var user = document.login.txtLogin.value; var pass = document.login.txtPass.value; //xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM"); /* xmlDoc = document.implementation.createDocument("","",null); xmlDoc.async = "false"; xmlDoc.onreadystatechange = redirectUser; xmlDoc.load("customers.xml"); */ var parser = new DOMParser(); xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString("customers.xml", "text/xml"); alert(xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName); xmlDoc.async = "false"; xmlDoc.onreadystatechange = redirectUser; } function redirectUser() { alert(''); var user = document.login.txtLogin.value; var pass = document.login.txtPass.value; var log = 0; if(xmlDoc.readyState == 4) { xmlObj = xmlDoc.documentElement; var len = xmlObj.childNodes.length; for(i = 0; i < len; i++) { var nodeElement = xmlObj.childNodes[i]; var userXml = nodeElement.childNodes[0].firstChild.nodeValue; var passXml = nodeElement.childNodes[1].firstChild.nodeValue; var idXML = nodeElement.attributes[0].value if(userXml == user && passXml == pass) { log = 1; document.cookie = escape(idXML); document.login.submit(); } } } if(log == 0) { var divErr = document.getElementById('Error'); divErr.innerHTML = "<b>Login Failed</b>"; } } customers.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <customers> <customer custid="CU101"> <user>jack</user> <pwd>PW101</pwd> <email>[email protected]</email> </customer> <customer custid="CU102"> <user>jill</user> <pwd>PW102</pwd> <email>[email protected]</email> </customer> <customer custid="CU103"> <user>john</user> <pwd>PW103</pwd> <email>[email protected]</email> </customer> <customer custid="CU104"> <user>jeff</user> <pwd>PW104</pwd> <email>[email protected]</email> </customer> </customers> I get parsererror message on line alert(xmlDoc.documentElement.nodeName); I don't know what's wrong with my code. Can some one point me in a right direction? Edit : Ok, I found a solution. var xmlDoc = 0; var xhttp = 0; function checkUser() { var user = document.login.txtLogin.value; var pass = document.login.txtPass.value; var err = ""; if(user == "" || pass == "") { if(user == "") { alert("Enter user name"); } if(pass == "") { alert("Enter Password"); } return; } if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else // IE 5/6 { xhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xhttp.onreadystatechange = redirectUser; xhttp.open("GET","customers.xml",true); xhttp.send(); } function redirectUser() { var log = 2; var user = document.login.txtLogin.value; var pass = document.login.txtPass.value; if (xhttp.readyState == 4) { log = 0; xmlDoc = xhttp.responseXML; var xmlUsers = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('user'); var xmlPasswords = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('pwd'); var userLen = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('customer').length; var xmlCustomers = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('customer'); for (var i = 0; i < userLen; i++) { var xmlUser = xmlUsers[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue; var xmlPass = xmlPasswords[i].childNodes[0].nodeValue; var xmlId = xmlCustomers.item(i).attributes[0].nodeValue; if(xmlUser == user && xmlPass == pass) { log = 1; document.cookie = xmlId; document.login.submit(); break; } } } if(log == 0) { alert("Login failed"); } } Thanks.

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• Convert C++Builder AnsiString to std::string via boost::lexical_cast

  - by David Klein

  For a school assignment I have to implement a project in C++ using Borland C++ Builder. As the VCL uses AnsiString for all GUI Components I have to convert all of my std::strings to AnsiString for the sake of displaying. std::string inp = "Hello world!"; AnsiString outp(inp.c_str()); works of course but is a bit tedious to write and code duplication I want to avoid. As we use Boost in other contexts I decided to provide some helper functions go get boost::lexical_cast to work with AnsiString. Here is my implementation so far: std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& istr, AnsiString& str) { istr.exceptions(std::ios::badbit | std::ios::failbit | std::ios::eofbit); std::string s; std::getline(istr,s); str = AnsiString(s.c_str()); return istr; } In the beginning I got Access Violation after Access Violation but since I added the .exceptions() stuff the picture gets clearer. When the conversion is performed I get the following Exception: ios_base::eofbit set [Runtime Error/std::ios_base::failure] Does anyone have an idea how to fix it and can explain why the error occurs? My C++ experience is very limited. The conversion routine the other way round would be: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr,const AnsiString& str) { ostr << (str.c_str()); return ostr; } Maybe someone will spot an error here too :) With best regards! Edit: At the moment I'm using the edited version of Jem, it works in the beginning. After a while of using the programm the Borland Codeguard mentions some pointer arithmetic in already freed regions. Any ideas how this could be related? The Codeguard log (I'm using the german version, translations marked with stars): ------------------------------------------ Fehler 00080. 0x104230 (r) (Thread 0x07A4): Zeigerarithmetik in freigegebenem Speicher: 0x0241A238-0x0241A258. **(pointer arithmetic in freed region)** | d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\sstream Zeile 126: | { // not first growth, adjust pointers | _Seekhigh = _Seekhigh - _Mysb::eback() + _Ptr; |> _Mysb::setp(_Mysb::pbase() - _Mysb::eback() + _Ptr, | _Mysb::pptr() - _Mysb::eback() + _Ptr, _Ptr + _Newsize); | if (_Mystate & _Noread) Aufrufhierarchie: **(stack-trace)** 0x00411731(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:010731) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\sstream#126 0x00411183(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:010183) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#465 0x0040933D(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:00833D) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#151 0x00405988(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:004988) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\ostream#679 0x00405759(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:004759) D:\Projekte\Schule\foschamp\src\Server\Ansistringkonverter.h#31 0x004080C9(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:0070C9) D:\Projekte\Schule\foschamp\lib\boost_1_34_1\boost/lexical_cast.hpp#151 Objekt (0x0241A238) [Größe: 32 Byte] war erstellt mit new **(Object was created with new)** | d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\xmemory Zeile 28: | _Ty _FARQ *_Allocate(_SIZT _Count, _Ty _FARQ *) | { // allocate storage for _Count elements of type _Ty |> return ((_Ty _FARQ *)::operator new(_Count * sizeof (_Ty))); | } | Aufrufhierarchie: **(stack-trace)** 0x0040ED90(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:00DD90) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\xmemory#28 0x0040E194(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:00D194) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\xmemory#143 0x004115CF(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:0105CF) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\sstream#105 0x00411183(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:010183) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#465 0x0040933D(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:00833D) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#151 0x00405988(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:004988) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\ostream#679 Objekt (0x0241A238) war Gelöscht mit delete **(Object was deleted with delete)** | d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\xmemory Zeile 138: | void deallocate(pointer _Ptr, size_type) | { // deallocate object at _Ptr, ignore size |> ::operator delete(_Ptr); | } | Aufrufhierarchie: **(stack-trace)** 0x004044C6(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:0034C6) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\xmemory#138 0x00411628(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:010628) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\sstream#111 0x00411183(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:010183) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#465 0x0040933D(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:00833D) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\streambuf#151 0x00405988(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:004988) d:\program files\borland\bds\4.0\include\dinkumware\ostream#679 0x00405759(=FOSChampion.exe:0x01:004759) D:\Projekte\Schule\foschamp\src\Server\Ansistringkonverter.h#31 ------------------------------------------ Ansistringkonverter.h is the file with the posted operators and line 31 is: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostr,const AnsiString& str) { ostr << (str.c_str()); **(31)** return ostr; } Thanks for your help :)

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• How to get predecessor and successors from an adjacency matrix

  - by NickTFried

  Hi I am am trying to complete an assignment, where it is ok to consult the online community. I have to create a graph class that ultimately can do Breadth First Search and Depth First Search. I have been able to implement those algorithms successfully however another requirement is to be able to get the successors and predecessors and detect if two vertices are either predecessors or successors for each other. I'm having trouble thinking of a way to do this. I will post my code below, if anyone has any suggestions it would be greatly appreciated. import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.Stack; public class Graph<T> { public Vertex<T> root; public ArrayList<Vertex<T>> vertices=new ArrayList<Vertex<T>>(); public int[][] adjMatrix; int size; private ArrayList<Vertex<T>> dfsArrList; private ArrayList<Vertex<T>> bfsArrList; public void setRootVertex(Vertex<T> n) { this.root=n; } public Vertex<T> getRootVertex() { return this.root; } public void addVertex(Vertex<T> n) { vertices.add(n); } public void removeVertex(int loc){ vertices.remove(loc); } public void addEdge(Vertex<T> start,Vertex<T> end) { if(adjMatrix==null) { size=vertices.size(); adjMatrix=new int[size][size]; } int startIndex=vertices.indexOf(start); int endIndex=vertices.indexOf(end); adjMatrix[startIndex][endIndex]=1; adjMatrix[endIndex][startIndex]=1; } public void removeEdge(Vertex<T> v1, Vertex<T> v2){ int startIndex=vertices.indexOf(v1); int endIndex=vertices.indexOf(v2); adjMatrix[startIndex][endIndex]=1; adjMatrix[endIndex][startIndex]=1; } public int countVertices(){ int ver = vertices.size(); return ver; } /* public boolean isPredecessor( Vertex<T> a, Vertex<T> b){ for() return true; }*/ /* public boolean isSuccessor( Vertex<T> a, Vertex<T> b){ for() return true; }*/ public void getSuccessors(Vertex<T> v1){ } public void getPredessors(Vertex<T> v1){ } private Vertex<T> getUnvisitedChildNode(Vertex<T> n) { int index=vertices.indexOf(n); int j=0; while(j<size) { if(adjMatrix[index][j]==1 && vertices.get(j).visited==false) { return vertices.get(j); } j++; } return null; } public Iterator<Vertex<T>> bfs() { Queue<Vertex<T>> q=new LinkedList<Vertex<T>>(); q.add(this.root); printVertex(this.root); root.visited=true; while(!q.isEmpty()) { Vertex<T> n=q.remove(); Vertex<T> child=null; while((child=getUnvisitedChildNode(n))!=null) { child.visited=true; bfsArrList.add(child); q.add(child); } } clearVertices(); return bfsArrList.iterator(); } public Iterator<Vertex<T>> dfs() { Stack<Vertex<T>> s=new Stack<Vertex<T>>(); s.push(this.root); root.visited=true; printVertex(root); while(!s.isEmpty()) { Vertex<T> n=s.peek(); Vertex<T> child=getUnvisitedChildNode(n); if(child!=null) { child.visited=true; dfsArrList.add(child); s.push(child); } else { s.pop(); } } clearVertices(); return dfsArrList.iterator(); } private void clearVertices() { int i=0; while(i<size) { Vertex<T> n=vertices.get(i); n.visited=false; i++; } } private void printVertex(Vertex<T> n) { System.out.print(n.label+" "); } }

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• C++ destructor seems to be called 'early'

  - by suicideducky

  Please see the "edit" section for the updated information. Sorry for yet another C++ dtor question... However I can't seem to find one exactly like mine as all the others are assigning to STL containers (that will delete objects itself) whereas mine is to an array of pointers. So I have the following code fragment #include<iostream> class Block{ public: int x, y, z; int type; Block(){ x=1; y=2; z=3; type=-1; } }; template <class T> class Octree{ T* children[8]; public: ~Octree(){ for( int i=0; i<8; i++){ std::cout << "del:" << i << std::endl; delete children[i]; } } Octree(){ for( int i=0; i<8; i++ ) children[i] = new T; } // place newchild in array at [i] void set_child(int i, T* newchild){ children[i] = newchild; } // return child at [i] T* get_child(int i){ return children[i]; } // place newchild at [i] and return the old [i] T* swap_child(int i, T* newchild){ T* p = children[i]; children[i] = newchild; return p; } }; int main(){ Octree< Octree<Block> > here; std::cout << "nothing seems to have broken" << std::endl; } Looking through the output I notice that the destructor is being called many times before I think it should (as Octree is still in scope), the end of the output also shows: del:0 del:0 del:1 del:2 del:3 Process returned -1073741819 (0xC0000005) execution time : 1.685 s Press any key to continue. For some reason the destructor is going through the same point in the loop twice (0) and then dying. All of this occures before the "nothing seems to have gone wrong" line which I expected before any dtor was called. Thanks in advance :) EDIT The code I posted has some things removed that I thought were unnecessary but after copying and compiling the code I pasted I no longer get the error. What I removed was other integer attributes of the code. Here is the origional: #include<iostream> class Block{ public: int x, y, z; int type; Block(){ x=1; y=2; z=3; type=-1; } Block(int xx, int yy, int zz, int ty){ x=xx; y=yy; z=zz; type=ty; } Block(int xx, int yy, int zz){ x=xx; y=yy; z=zz; type=0; } }; template <class T> class Octree{ int x, y, z; int size; T* children[8]; public: ~Octree(){ for( int i=0; i<8; i++){ std::cout << "del:" << i << std::endl; delete children[i]; } } Octree(int xx, int yy, int zz, int size){ x=xx; y=yy; z=zz; size=size; for( int i=0; i<8; i++ ) children[i] = new T; } Octree(){ Octree(0, 0, 0, 10); } // place newchild in array at [i] void set_child(int i, T* newchild){ children[i] = newchild; } // return child at [i] T* get_child(int i){ return children[i]; } // place newchild at [i] and return the old [i] T* swap_child(int i, T* newchild){ T* p = children[i]; children[i] = newchild; return p; } }; int main(){ Octree< Octree<Block> > here; std::cout << "nothing seems to have broken" << std::endl; } Also, as for the problems with set_child, get_child and swap_child leading to possible memory leaks this will be solved as a wrapper class will either use get before set or use swap to get the old child and write this out to disk before freeing the memory itself. I am glad that it is not my memory management failing but rather another error. I have not made a copy and/or assignment operator yet as I was just testing the block tree out, I will almost certainly make them all private very soon. This version spits out -1073741819. Thank you all for your suggestions and I apologise for highjacking my own thread :$

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• Python - Converting CSV to Objects - Code Design

  - by victorhooi

  Hi, I have a small script we're using to read in a CSV file containing employees, and perform some basic manipulations on that data. We read in the data (import_gd_dump), and create an Employees object, containing a list of Employee objects (maybe I should think of a better naming convention...lol). We then call clean_all_phone_numbers() on Employees, which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee, as well as lookup_all_supervisors(), on Employees. import csv import re import sys #class CSVLoader: # """Virtual class to assist with loading in CSV files.""" # def import_gd_dump(self, input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): # gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') # employees = [] # for row in gd_extract: # curr_employee = Employee(row) # employees.append(curr_employee) # return employees # #self.employees = {row['dbdirid']:row for row in gd_extract} # Previously, this was inside a (virtual) class called "CSVLoader". # However, according to here (http://tomayko.com/writings/the-static-method-thing) - the idiomatic way of doing this in Python is not with a class-fucntion but with a module-level function def import_gd_dump(input_file='Gp Directory 20100331 original.csv'): """Return a list ('employee') of dict objects, taken from a Group Directory CSV file.""" gd_extract = csv.DictReader(open(input_file), dialect='excel') employees = [] for row in gd_extract: employees.append(row) return employees def write_gd_formatted(employees_dict, output_file="gd_formatted.csv"): """Read in an Employees() object, and write out each Employee() inside this to a CSV file""" gd_output_fieldnames = ('hrid', 'mail', 'givenName', 'sn', 'dbcostcenter', 'dbdirid', 'hrreportsto', 'PHFull', 'PHFull_message', 'SupervisorEmail', 'SupervisorFirstName', 'SupervisorSurname') try: gd_formatted = csv.DictWriter(open(output_file, 'w', newline=''), fieldnames=gd_output_fieldnames, extrasaction='ignore', dialect='excel') except IOError: print('Unable to open file, IO error (Is it locked?)') sys.exit(1) headers = {n:n for n in gd_output_fieldnames} gd_formatted.writerow(headers) for employee in employees_dict.employee_list: # We're using the employee object's inbuilt __dict__ attribute - hmm, is this good practice? gd_formatted.writerow(employee.__dict__) class Employee: """An Employee in the system, with employee attributes (name, email, cost-centre etc.)""" def __init__(self, employee_attributes): """We use the Employee constructor to convert a dictionary into instance attributes.""" for k, v in employee_attributes.items(): setattr(self, k, v) def clean_phone_number(self): """Perform some rudimentary checks and corrections, to make sure numbers are in the right format. Numbers should be in the form 0XYYYYYYYY, where X is the area code, and Y is the local number.""" if self.telephoneNumber is None or self.telephoneNumber == '': return '', 'Missing phone number.' else: standard_format = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\((?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') extra_zero = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})-(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') missing_hyphen = re.compile(r'^\+(?P<intl_prefix>\d{2})\(0(?P<area_code>\d)\)(?P<local_first_half>\d{4})(?P<local_second_half>\d{4})') if standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = standard_format.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), '' elif extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = extra_zero.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Extra zero in area code - ask user to remediate. ' elif missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber): result = missing_hyphen.search(self.telephoneNumber) return '0' + result.group('area_code') + result.group('local_first_half') + result.group('local_second_half'), 'Missing hyphen in local component - ask user to remediate. ' else: return '', "Number didn't match recognised format. Original text is: " + self.telephoneNumber class Employees: def __init__(self, import_list): self.employee_list = [] for employee in import_list: self.employee_list.append(Employee(employee)) def clean_all_phone_numbers(self): for employee in self.employee_list: #Should we just set this directly in Employee.clean_phone_number() instead? employee.PHFull, employee.PHFull_message = employee.clean_phone_number() # Hmm, the search is O(n^2) - there's probably a better way of doing this search? def lookup_all_supervisors(self): for employee in self.employee_list: if employee.hrreportsto is not None and employee.hrreportsto != '': for supervisor in self.employee_list: if supervisor.hrid == employee.hrreportsto: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = supervisor.mail, supervisor.givenName, supervisor.sn break else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.', 'Supervisor not found.') else: (employee.SupervisorEmail, employee.SupervisorFirstName, employee.SupervisorSurname) = ('Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.', 'Supervisor not set.') #Is thre a more pythonic way of doing this? def print_employees(self): for employee in self.employee_list: print(employee.__dict__) if __name__ == '__main__': db_employees = Employees(import_gd_dump()) db_employees.clean_all_phone_numbers() db_employees.lookup_all_supervisors() #db_employees.print_employees() write_gd_formatted(db_employees) Firstly, my preamble question is, can you see anything inherently wrong with the above, from either a class design or Python point-of-view? Is the logic/design sound? Anyhow, to the specifics: The Employees object has a method, clean_all_phone_numbers(), which calls clean_phone_number() on each Employee object inside it. Is this bad design? If so, why? Also, is the way I'm calling lookup_all_supervisors() bad? Originally, I wrapped the clean_phone_number() and lookup_supervisor() method in a single function, with a single for-loop inside it. clean_phone_number is O(n), I believe, lookup_supervisor is O(n^2) - is it ok splitting it into two loops like this? In clean_all_phone_numbers(), I'm looping on the Employee objects, and settings their values using return/assignment - should I be setting this inside clean_phone_number() itself? There's also a few things that I'm sorted of hacked out, not sure if they're bad practice - e.g. print_employee() and gd_formatted() both use __dict__, and the constructor for Employee uses setattr() to convert a dictionary into instance attributes. I'd value any thoughts at all. If you think the questions are too broad, let me know and I can repost as several split up (I just didn't want to pollute the boards with multiple similar questions, and the three questions are more or less fairly tightly related). Cheers, Victor

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• Why can't my main class see the array in my calender class

  - by Rocky Celltick Eadie

  This is a homework problem. I'm already 5 days late and can't figure out what I'm doing wrong.. this is my 1st semester in Java and my first post on this site Here is the assignment.. Create a class called Calendar. The class should contain a variable called events that is a String array. The array should be created to hold 5 elements. Use a constant value to specify the array size. Do not hard code the array size. Initialize the array in the class constructor so that each element contains the string “ – No event planned – “. The class should contain a method called CreateEvent. This method should accept a String argument that contains a one-word user event and an integer argument that represents the day of the week. Monday should be represented by the number 1 and Friday should be represented by the number 5. Populate the events array with the event info passed into the method. Although the user will input one-word events, each event string should prepend the following string to each event: event_dayAppoinment: (where event_day is the day of the week) For example, if the user enters 1 and “doctor” , the first array element should read: Monday Appointment: doctor If the user enters 2 and “PTA” , the second array element should read: Tuesday Appointment: PTA Write a driver program (in a separate class) that creates and calls your Calendar class. Then use a loop to gather user input. Ask for the day (as an integer) and then ask for the event (as a one word string). Pass the integer and string to the Calendar object’s CreateEvent method. The user should be able enter 0 – 5 events. If the user enters -1, the loop should exit and your application should print out all the events in a tabular format. Your program should not allow the user to enter invalid values for the day of the week. Any input other than 1 – 5 or -1 for the day of the week would be considered invalid. Notes: When obtaining an integer from the user, you will need to use the nextInt() method on your Scanner object. When obtaining a string from a user, you will need to use the next() method on your Scanner object. Here is my code so far.. //DRIVER CLASS /** * * @author Rocky */ //imports scanner import java.util.Scanner; //begin class driver public class driver { /** * @paramargs the command line arguments */ //begin main method public static void main(String[] args) { //initiates scanner Scanner userInput = new Scanner (System.in); //declare variables int dayOfWeek; String userEvent; //creates object for calender class calendercalenderObject = new calender(); //user prompt System.out.println("Enter day of week for your event in the following format:"); System.out.println("Enter 1 for Monday"); System.out.println("Enter 2 for Tuesday"); System.out.println("Enter 3 for Wednsday"); System.out.println("Enter 4 for Thursday"); System.out.println("Enter 5 for Friday"); System.out.println("Enter -1 to quit"); //collect user input dayOfWeek = userInput.nextInt(); //user prompt System.out.println("Please type in the name of your event"); //collect user input userEvent = userInput.next(); //begin while loop while (dayOfWeek != -1) { //test for valid day of week if ((dayOfWeek>=1) && (dayOfWeek<=5)){ //calls createEvent method in calender class and passes 2 variables calenderObject.createEvent(userEvent,dayOfWeek); } else { //error message System.out.println("You have entered an invalid number"); //user prompts System.out.println("Press -1 to quit or enter another day"); System.out.println("Enter 1 for Monday"); System.out.println("Enter 2 for Tuesday"); System.out.println("Enter 3 for Wednsday"); System.out.println("Enter 4 for Thursday"); System.out.println("Enter 5 for Friday"); System.out.println("Enter -1 to quit"); //collect user input dayOfWeek = userInput.nextInt(); //end data validity test } //end while loop } //prints array to screen int i=0; for (i=0;i<events.length;i++){ System.out.println(events[i]); } //end main method } } /** * * @author Rocky */ //imports scanner import java.util.Scanner; //begin calender class public class calender { //creates events array String[] events = new String[5]; //begin calender class constructor public calender() { //Initializes array String[] events = {"-No event planned-","-No event planned-","-No event planned-","-No event planned-","-No event planned-"}; //end calender class constructor } //begin createEvent method public String[] createEvent (String userEvent, int dayOfWeek){ //Start switch test switch (dayOfWeek){ case 1: events[0] = ("Monday Appoinment:") + userEvent; break; case 2: events[1] = ("Tuesday Appoinment:") + userEvent; break; case 3: events[2] = ("WednsdayAppoinment:") + userEvent; break; case 4: events[3] = ("Thursday Appoinment:") + userEvent; break; case 5: events[4] = ("Friday Appoinment:") + userEvent; break; default: break; //End switch test } //returns events array return events; //end create event method } //end calender class }

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• Rails validation count limit on has_many :through

  - by Jeremy

  I've got the following models: Team, Member, Assignment, Role The Team model has_many Members. Each Member has_many roles through assignments. Role assignments are Captain and Runner. I have also installed devise and CanCan using the Member model. What I need to do is limit each Team to have a max of 1 captain and 5 runners. I found this example, and it seemed to work after some customization, but on update ('teams/1/members/4/edit'). It doesn't work on create ('teams/1/members/new'). But my other validation (validates :role_ids, :presence = true ) does work on both update and create. Any help would be appreciated. Update: I've found this example that would seem to be similar to my problem but I can't seem to make it work for my app. It seems that the root of the problem lies with how the count (or size) is performed before and during validation. For Example: When updating a record... It checks to see how many runners there are on a team and returns a count. (i.e. 5) Then when I select a role(s) to add to the member it takes the known count from the database (i.e. 5) and adds the proposed changes (i.e. 1), and then runs the validation check. (Team.find(self.team_id).members.runner.count 5) This works fine because it returns a value of 6 and 6 5 so the proposed update fails without saving and an error is given. But when I try to create a new member on the team... It checks to see how many runners there are on a team and returns a count. (i.e. 5) Then when I select a role(s) to add to the member it takes the known count from the database (i.e. 5) and then runs the validation check WITHOUT factoring in the proposed changes. This doesn't work because it returns a value of 5 known runner and 5 = 5 so the proposed update passes and the new member and role is saved to the database with no error. Member Model: class Member < ActiveRecord::Base devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable, :recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable attr_accessible :password, :password_confirmation, :remember_me attr_accessible :age, :email, :first_name, :last_name, :sex, :shirt_size, :team_id, :assignments_attributes, :role_ids belongs_to :team has_many :assignments, :dependent => :destroy has_many :roles, through: :assignments accepts_nested_attributes_for :assignments scope :runner, joins(:roles).where('roles.title = ?', "Runner") scope :captain, joins(:roles).where('roles.title = ?', "Captain") validate :validate_runner_count validate :validate_captain_count validates :role_ids, :presence => true def validate_runner_count if Team.find(self.team_id).members.runner.count > 5 errors.add(:role_id, 'Error - Max runner limit reached') end end def validate_captain_count if Team.find(self.team_id).members.captain.count > 1 errors.add(:role_id, 'Error - Max captain limit reached') end end def has_role?(role_sym) roles.any? { |r| r.title.underscore.to_sym == role_sym } end end Member Controller: class MembersController < ApplicationController load_and_authorize_resource :team load_and_authorize_resource :member, :through => :team before_filter :get_team before_filter :initialize_check_boxes, :only => [:create, :update] def get_team @team = Team.find(params[:team_id]) end def index respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.json { render json: @members } end end def show respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.json { render json: @member } end end def new respond_to do |format| format.html # new.html.erb format.json { render json: @member } end end def edit end def create respond_to do |format| if @member.save format.html { redirect_to [@team, @member], notice: 'Member was successfully created.' } format.json { render json: [@team, @member], status: :created, location: [@team, @member] } else format.html { render action: "new" } format.json { render json: @member.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } end end end def update respond_to do |format| if @member.update_attributes(params[:member]) format.html { redirect_to [@team, @member], notice: 'Member was successfully updated.' } format.json { head :no_content } else format.html { render action: "edit" } format.json { render json: @member.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } end end end def destroy @member.destroy respond_to do |format| format.html { redirect_to team_members_url } format.json { head :no_content } end end # Allow empty checkboxes # http://railscasts.com/episodes/17-habtm-checkboxes def initialize_check_boxes params[:member][:role_ids] ||= [] end end _Form Partial <%= form_for [@team, @member], :html => { :class => 'form-horizontal' } do |f| %> #... # testing the count... <ul> <li>Captain - <%= Team.find(@member.team_id).members.captain.size %></li> <li>Runner - <%= Team.find(@member.team_id).members.runner.size %></li> <li>Driver - <%= Team.find(@member.team_id).members.driver.size %></li> </ul> <div class="control-group"> <div class="controls"> <%= f.fields_for :roles do %> <%= hidden_field_tag "member[role_ids][]", nil %> <% Role.all.each do |role| %> <%= check_box_tag "member[role_ids][]", role.id, @member.role_ids.include?(role.id), id: dom_id(role) %> <%= label_tag dom_id(role), role.title %> <% end %> <% end %> </div> </div> #... <% end %>

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• I asked this yesterday, after the input given I'm still having trouble implementing..

  - by Josh

  I'm not sure how to fix this or what I did wrong, but whenever I enter in a value it just closes out the run prompt. So, seems I do have a problem somewhere in my coding. Whenever I run the program and input a variable, it always returns the same answer.."The content at location 76 is 0." On that note, someone told me that "I don't know, but I suspect that Program A incorrectly has a fixed address being branched to on instructions 10 and 11." - mctylr but I'm not sure how to fix that.. I'm trying to figure out how to incorporate this idea from R Samuel Klatchko.. I'm still not sure what I'm missing but I can't get it to work.. const int OP_LOAD = 3; const int OP_STORE = 4; const int OP_ADD = 5; ... const int OP_LOCATION_MULTIPLIER = 100; mem[0] = OP_LOAD * OP_LOCATION_MULTIPLIER + ...; mem[1] = OP_ADD * OP_LOCATION_MULTIPLIER + ...; operand = memory[ j ] % OP_LOCATION_MULTIPLIER; operation = memory[ j ] / OP_LOCATION_MULTIPLIER; I'm new to programming, I'm not the best, so I'm going for simplicity. Also this is an SML program. Anyway, this IS a homework assignment and I'm wanting a good grade on this. So I was looking for input and making sure this program will do what I'm hoping they are looking for. Anyway, here are the instructions: Write SML (Simpletron Machine language) programs to accomplish each of the following task: A) Use a sentinel-controlled loop to read positive number s and compute and print their sum. Terminate input when a neg number is entered. B) Use a counter-controlled loop to read seven numbers, some positive and some negative, and compute + print the avg. C) Read a series of numbers, and determine and print the largest number. The first number read indicates how many numbers should be processed. Without further a due, here is my program. All together. int main() { const int READ = 10; const int WRITE = 11; const int LOAD = 20; const int STORE = 21; const int ADD = 30; const int SUBTRACT = 31; const int DIVIDE = 32; const int MULTIPLY = 33; const int BRANCH = 40; const int BRANCHNEG = 41; const int BRANCHZERO = 41; const int HALT = 43; int mem[100] = {0}; //Making it 100, since simpletron contains a 100 word mem. int operation; //taking the rest of these variables straight out of the book seeing as how they were italisized. int operand; int accum = 0; // the special register is starting at 0 int j; // This is for part a, it will take in positive variables in a sent-controlled loop and compute + print their sum. Variables from example in text. memory [0] = 1010; memory [01] = 2009; memory [02] = 3008; memory [03] = 2109; memory [04] = 1109; memory [05] = 4300; memory [06] = 1009; j = 0; //Makes the variable j start at 0. while ( true ) { operand = memory[ j ]%100; // Finds the op codes from the limit on the memory (100) operation = memory[ j ]/100; //using a switch loop to set up the loops for the cases switch ( operation ){ case 10: //reads a variable into a word from loc. Enter in -1 to exit cout <<"\n Input a positive variable: "; cin >> memory[ operand ]; break; case 11: // takes a word from location cout << "\n\nThe content at location " << operand << "is " << memory[operand]; break; case 20:// loads accum = memory[ operand ]; break; case 21: //stores memory[ operand ] = accum; break; case 30: //adds accum += mem[operand]; break; case 31: // subtracts accum-= memory[ operand ]; break; case 32: //divides accum /=(memory[ operand ]); break; case 33: // multiplies accum*= memory [ operand ]; break; case 40: // Branches to location j = -1; break; case 41: //branches if acc. is < 0 if (accum < 0) j = 5; break; case 42: //branches if acc = 0 if (accum == 0) j = 5; break; case 43: // Program ends exit(0); break; } j++; } return 0; }

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• What's wrong with my destructor?

  - by Ahmed Sharara

  // Sparse Array Assignment.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; struct node{ int row; int col; int value; node* next_in_row; node* next_in_col; }; class MultiLinkedListSparseArray { private: char *logfile; node** rowPtr; node** colPtr; // used in constructor node* find_node(node* out); node* ins_node(node* ins,int col); node* in_node(node* ins,node* z); node* get(node* in,int row,int col); bool exist(node* so,int row,int col); node* dummy; int rowd,cold; //add anything you need public: MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows, int cols); ~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(); void setCell(int row, int col, int value); int getCell(int row, int col); void display(); void log(char *s); void dump(); }; MultiLinkedListSparseArray::MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows,int cols){ rowPtr=new node* [rows+1]; colPtr=new node* [cols+1]; for(int n=0;n<=rows;n++) rowPtr[n]=NULL; for(int i=0;i<=cols;i++) colPtr[i]=NULL; rowd=rows;cold=cols; } MultiLinkedListSparseArray::~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(){ cout<<"array is deleted"<<endl; for(int i=rowd;i>=0;i--){ for(int j=cold;j>=0;j--){ if(exist(rowPtr[i],i,j)) delete get(rowPtr[i],i,j); } } // it stops in the last loop & doesnt show the done word cout<<"done"<<endl; delete [] rowPtr; delete [] colPtr; delete dummy; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::log(char *s){ logfile=s; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::setCell(int row,int col,int value){ if(exist(rowPtr[row],row,col)){ (*get(rowPtr[row],row,col)).value=value; } else{ if(rowPtr[row]==NULL){ rowPtr[row]=new node; (*rowPtr[row]).value=value; (*rowPtr[row]).row=row; (*rowPtr[row]).col=col; (*rowPtr[row]).next_in_row=NULL; (*rowPtr[row]).next_in_col=NULL; } else if((*find_node(rowPtr[row])).col<col){ node* out; out=find_node(rowPtr[row]); (*out).next_in_row=new node; (*((*out).next_in_row)).col=col; (*((*out).next_in_row)).row=row; (*((*out).next_in_row)).value=value; (*((*out).next_in_row)).next_in_row=NULL; } else if((*find_node(rowPtr[row])).col>col){ node* ins; ins=in_node(rowPtr[row],ins_node(rowPtr[row],col)); node* g=(*ins).next_in_row; (*ins).next_in_row=new node; (*((*ins).next_in_row)).col=col; (*(*ins).next_in_row).row=row; (*(*ins).next_in_row).value=value; (*(*ins).next_in_row).next_in_row=g; } } } int MultiLinkedListSparseArray::getCell(int row,int col){ return (*get(rowPtr[row],row,col)).value; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::display(){ for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ for(int j=1;j<=5;j++){ if(exist(rowPtr[i],i,j)) cout<<(*get(rowPtr[i],i,j)).value<<" "; else cout<<"0"<<" "; } cout<<endl; } } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::find_node(node* out) { while((*out).next_in_row!=NULL) out=(*out).next_in_row; return out; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::ins_node(node* ins,int col){ while(!((*ins).col>col)) ins=(*ins).next_in_row; return ins; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::in_node(node* ins,node* z){ while((*ins).next_in_row!=z) ins=(*ins).next_in_col; return ins; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::get(node* in,int row,int col){ dummy=new node; dummy->value=0; while((*in).col!=col){ if((*in).next_in_row==NULL){ return dummy; } in=(*in).next_in_row; } return in; } bool MultiLinkedListSparseArray::exist(node* so,int row,int col){ if(so==NULL) return false; else{ while((*so).col!=col){ if((*so).next_in_row==NULL) return false; else so=(*so).next_in_row; } return true; } }

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• C++ Sentinel/Count Controlled Loop beginning programming

  - by Bryan Hendricks

  Hello all this is my first post. I'm working on a homework assignment with the following parameters. Piecework Workers are paid by the piece. Often worker who produce a greater quantity of output are paid at a higher rate. 1 - 199 pieces completed $0.50 each 200 - 399 $0.55 each (for all pieces) 400 - 599 $0.60 each 600 or more $0.65 each Input: For each worker, input the name and number of pieces completed. Name Pieces Johnny Begood 265 Sally Great 650 Sam Klutz 177 Pete Precise 400 Fannie Fantastic 399 Morrie Mellow 200 Output: Print an appropriate title and column headings. There should be one detail line for each worker, which shows the name, number of pieces, and the amount earned. Compute and print totals of the number of pieces and the dollar amount earned. Processing: For each person, compute the pay earned by multiplying the number of pieces by the appropriate price. Accumulate the total number of pieces and the total dollar amount paid. Sample Program Output: Piecework Weekly Report Name Pieces Pay Johnny Begood 265 145.75 Sally Great 650 422.50 Sam Klutz 177 88.5 Pete Precise 400 240.00 Fannie Fantastic 399 219.45 Morrie Mellow 200 110.00 Totals 2091 1226.20 You are required to code, compile, link, and run a sentinel-controlled loop program that transforms the input to the output specifications as shown in the above attachment. The input items should be entered into a text file named piecework1.dat and the ouput file stored in piecework1.out . The program filename is piecework1.cpp. Copies of these three files should be e-mailed to me in their original form. Read the name using a single variable as opposed to two different variables. To accomplish this, you must use the getline(stream, variable) function as discussed in class, except that you will replace the cin with your textfile stream variable name. Do not forget to code the compiler directive #include < string at the top of your program to acknowledge the utilization of the string variable, name . Your nested if-else statement, accumulators, count-controlled loop, should be properly designed to process the data correctly. The code below will run, but does not produce any output. I think it needs something around line 57 like a count control to stop the loop. something like (and this is just an example....which is why it is not in the code.) count = 1; while (count <=4) Can someone review the code and tell me what kind of count I need to introduce, and if there are any other changes that need to be made. Thanks. [code] //COS 502-90 //November 2, 2012 //This program uses a sentinel-controlled loop that transforms input to output. #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> //output formatting #include <string> //string variables using namespace std; int main() { double pieces; //number of pieces made double rate; //amout paid per amount produced double pay; //amount earned string name; //name of worker ifstream inFile; ofstream outFile; //***********input statements**************************** inFile.open("Piecework1.txt"); //opens the input text file outFile.open("piecework1.out"); //opens the output text file outFile << setprecision(2) << showpoint; outFile << name << setw(6) << "Pieces" << setw(12) << "Pay" << endl; outFile << "_____" << setw(6) << "_____" << setw(12) << "_____" << endl; getline(inFile, name, '*'); //priming read inFile >> pieces >> pay >> rate; // ,, while (name != "End of File") //while condition test { //begining of loop pay = pieces * rate; getline(inFile, name, '*'); //get next name inFile >> pieces; //get next pieces } //end of loop inFile.close(); outFile.close(); return 0; }[/code]

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• Creating ActionEvent object for CustomButton in Java

  - by Crystal

  For a hw assignment, we were supposed to create a custom button to get familiar with swing and responding to events. We were also to make this button an event source which confuses me. I have an ArrayList to keep track of listeners that would register to listen to my CustomButton. What I am getting confused on is how to notify the listeners. My teacher hinted at having a notify and overriding actionPerformed which I tried doing, but then I wasn't sure how to create an ActionEvent object looking at the constructor documentation. The source, id, string all confuses me. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks! code: import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; public class CustomButton { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { CustomButtonFrame frame = new CustomButtonFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } public void addActionListener(ActionListener al) { listenerList.add(al); } public void removeActionListener(ActionListener al) { listenerList.remove(al); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.out.println("Button Clicked!"); } private void notifyListeners() { ActionEvent event = new ActionEvent(CONFUSED HERE!!!!; for (ActionListener action : listenerList) { action.actionPerfomed(event); } } List<ActionListener> listenerList = new ArrayList<ActionListener>(); } class CustomButtonFrame extends JFrame { // constructor for CustomButtonFrame public CustomButtonFrame() { setTitle("Custom Button"); CustomButtonSetup buttonSetup = new CustomButtonSetup(); this.add(buttonSetup); this.pack(); } } class CustomButtonSetup extends JComponent { public CustomButtonSetup() { ButtonAction buttonClicked = new ButtonAction(); this.addMouseListener(buttonClicked); } // because frame includes borders and insets, use this method public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(200, 200); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // first triangle coords int x[] = new int[TRIANGLE_SIDES]; int y[] = new int[TRIANGLE_SIDES]; x[0] = 0; y[0] = 0; x[1] = 200; y[1] = 0; x[2] = 0; y[2] = 200; Polygon firstTriangle = new Polygon(x, y, TRIANGLE_SIDES); // second triangle coords x[0] = 0; y[0] = 200; x[1] = 200; y[1] = 200; x[2] = 200; y[2] = 0; Polygon secondTriangle = new Polygon(x, y, TRIANGLE_SIDES); g2.drawPolygon(firstTriangle); g2.setColor(firstColor); g2.fillPolygon(firstTriangle); g2.drawPolygon(secondTriangle); g2.setColor(secondColor); g2.fillPolygon(secondTriangle); // draw rectangle 10 pixels off border int s1[] = new int[RECT_SIDES]; int s2[] = new int[RECT_SIDES]; s1[0] = 5; s2[0] = 5; s1[1] = 195; s2[1] = 5; s1[2] = 195; s2[2] = 195; s1[3] = 5; s2[3] = 195; Polygon rectangle = new Polygon(s1, s2, RECT_SIDES); g2.drawPolygon(rectangle); g2.setColor(thirdColor); g2.fillPolygon(rectangle); } private class ButtonAction implements MouseListener { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { System.out.println("Click!"); firstColor = Color.GRAY; secondColor = Color.WHITE; repaint(); } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { System.out.println("Released!"); firstColor = Color.WHITE; secondColor = Color.GRAY; repaint(); } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {} } public static final int TRIANGLE_SIDES = 3; public static final int RECT_SIDES = 4; private Color firstColor = Color.WHITE; private Color secondColor = Color.DARK_GRAY; private Color thirdColor = Color.LIGHT_GRAY; }

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• C++: Simplifying my program to convert numbers to from one base to another.

  - by Spin City

  Hello, I'm taking a beginner C++ course. I received an assignment telling me to write a program that converts an arbitrary number from any base between binary and hex to another base between binary and hex. I was asked to use separate functions to convert to and from base 10. It was to help us get used to using arrays. (We already covered passing by reference previously in class.) I already turned this in, but I'm pretty sure this wasn't how I was meant to do it: #include <iostream> #include <conio.h> #include <cstring> #include <cmath> using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; int to_dec(char value[], int starting_base); char* from_dec(int value, int ending_base); int main() { char value[30]; int starting_base; int ending_base; cout << "This program converts from one base to another, so long as the bases are" << endl << "between 2 and 16." << endl << endl; input_numbers: cout << "Enter the number, then starting base, then ending base:" << endl; cin >> value >> starting_base >> ending_base; if (starting_base < 2 || starting_base > 16 || ending_base < 2 || ending_base > 16) { cout << "Invalid base(s). "; goto input_numbers; } for (int i=0; value[i]; i++) value[i] = toupper(value[i]); cout << "Base " << ending_base << ": " << from_dec(to_dec(value, starting_base), ending_base) << endl << "Press any key to exit."; getch(); return 0; } int to_dec(char value[], int starting_base) { char hex[16] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'}; long int return_value = 0; unsigned short int digit = 0; for (short int pos = strlen(value)-1; pos > -1; pos--) { for (int i=0; i<starting_base; i++) { if (hex[i] == value[pos]) { return_value+=i*pow((float)starting_base, digit++); break; } } } return return_value; } char* from_dec(int value, int ending_base) { char hex[16] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'}; char *return_value = (char *)malloc(30); unsigned short int digit = (int)ceil(log10((double)(value+1))/log10((double)ending_base)); return_value[digit] = 0; for (; value != 0; value/=ending_base) return_value[--digit] = hex[value%ending_base]; return return_value; } I'm pretty sure this is more advanced than it was meant to be. How do you think I was supposed to do it? I'm essentially looking for two kinds of answers: Examples of what a simple solution like the one my teacher probably expected would be. Suggestions on how to improve the code.

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• Implicit constructor available for all types derived from Base excepted the current type?

  - by Vincent

  The following code sum up my problem : template<class Parameter> class Base {}; template<class Parameter1, class Parameter2, class Parameter> class Derived1 : public Base<Parameter> { }; template<class Parameter1, class Parameter2, class Parameter> class Derived2 : public Base<Parameter> { public : // Copy constructor Derived2(const Derived2& x); // An EXPLICIT constructor that does a special conversion for a Derived2 // with other template parameters template<class OtherParameter1, class OtherParameter2, class OtherParameter> explicit Derived2( const Derived2<OtherParameter1, OtherParameter2, OtherParameter>& x ); // Now the problem : I want an IMPLICIT constructor that will work for every // type derived from Base EXCEPT // Derived2<OtherParameter1, OtherParameter2, OtherParameter> template<class Type, class = typename std::enable_if</* SOMETHING */>::type> Derived2(const Type& x); }; How to restrict an implicit constructor to all classes derived from the parent class excepted the current class whatever its template parameters, considering that I already have an explicit constructor as in the example code ? EDIT : For the implicit constructor from Base, I can obviously write : template<class OtherParameter> Derived2(const Base<OtherParameter>& x); But in that case, do I have the guaranty that the compiler will not use this constructor as an implicit constructor for Derived2<OtherParameter1, OtherParameter2, OtherParameter> ? EDIT2: Here I have a test : (LWS here : http://liveworkspace.org/code/cd423fb44fb4c97bc3b843732d837abc) #include <iostream> template<typename Type> class Base {}; template<typename Type> class Other : public Base<Type> {}; template<typename Type> class Derived : public Base<Type> { public: Derived() {std::cout<<"empty"<<std::endl;} Derived(const Derived<Type>& x) {std::cout<<"copy"<<std::endl;} template<typename OtherType> explicit Derived(const Derived<OtherType>& x) {std::cout<<"explicit"<<std::endl;} template<typename OtherType> Derived(const Base<OtherType>& x) {std::cout<<"implicit"<<std::endl;} }; int main() { Other<int> other0; Other<double> other1; std::cout<<"1 = "; Derived<int> dint1; // <- empty std::cout<<"2 = "; Derived<int> dint2; // <- empty std::cout<<"3 = "; Derived<double> ddouble; // <- empty std::cout<<"4 = "; Derived<double> ddouble1(ddouble); // <- copy std::cout<<"5 = "; Derived<double> ddouble2(dint1); // <- explicit std::cout<<"6 = "; ddouble = other0; // <- implicit std::cout<<"7 = "; ddouble = other1; // <- implicit std::cout<<"8 = "; ddouble = ddouble2; // <- nothing (normal : default assignment) std::cout<<"\n9 = "; ddouble = Derived<double>(dint1); // <- explicit std::cout<<"10 = "; ddouble = dint2; // <- implicit : WHY ?!?! return 0; } The last line worry me. Is it ok with the C++ standard ? Is it a bug of g++ ?

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• Assigning two strings together getting Access Read Violation

  - by Jay Bell

  I am trying to pass a string to a class mutator and set the private member to that string here is the code that is sending the string void parseTradePairs(Exchange::Currency *curr, std::string *response, int begin, int exit) { int start; int end; string temp; string dataResponse; CURL *tempCurl; initializeCurl(tempCurl); int location = response->find("marketid", begin); if(location <= exit) { start = location + 11; begin = response->find("label", start); end = begin - start - 3; findStrings(start, end, temp, response); getMarketInfo(tempCurl, temp, dataResponse); curr->_coin->setExch(temp); // here is the line of code that is sending the string dataResponse >> *(curr->_coin); curr->_next = new Exchange::Currency(curr, curr->_position + 1); parseTradePairs(curr->_next, response, begin, exit); } } and here is the mutator within the coin class that is receiving the string and assigning it to _exch void Coin::setExch(string exch) { _exch = exch; } I have stepped through it and made sure that exch has the string in it. "105" but soon as it hits _exch = exch; I get the reading violation. I tried passing as pointer as well. I do not believe it should go out of scope. and the string variable in the class is initialized to zero in the default constructor but again that should matter unless I am trying to read from it instead of writing to it. /* defualt constructor */ Coin::Coin() { _id = ""; _label = ""; _code= ""; _name = ""; _marketCoin = ""; _volume = 0; _last = 0; _exch = ""; } Exchange::Exchange(std::string str) { _exch = str; _currencies = new Currency; std::string pair; std::string response; CURL *curl; initializeCurl(curl); getTradePairs(curl, response); int exit = response.find_last_of("marketid"); parseTradePairs(_currencies, &response, 0, exit); } int main(void) { CURL *curl; string str; string id; Coin coin1; initializeCurl(curl); Exchange ex("cryptsy"); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); system("pause"); return 0; } class Exchange { public: typedef struct Currency { Currency(Coin *coin, Currency *next, Currency *prev, int position) : _coin(coin), _next(next), _prev(prev), _position(position) {} Currency(Currency *prev, int position) : _prev(prev), _position(position), _next(NULL), _coin(&Coin()){} Currency() : _next(NULL), _prev(NULL), _position(0) {} Coin *_coin; Currency *_next; Currency *_prev; int _position; }; /* constructor and destructor */ Exchange(); Exchange(std::string str); ~Exchange(); /* Assignment operator */ Exchange& operator =(const Exchange& copyExchange); /* Parse Cryptsy Pairs */ friend void parseTradePairs(Currency *curr, std::string *response, int begin, int exit); private: std::string _exch; Currency *_currencies; }; here is what i changed it to to fix it. typedef struct Currency { Currency(Coin *coin, Currency *next, Currency *prev, int position) : _coin(coin), _next(next), _prev(prev), _position(position) {} Currency(Currency *prev, int position) : _prev(prev), _position(position), _next(NULL), _coin(&Coin()){} Currency() { _next = NULL; _prev = NULL; _position = 0; _coin = new Coin(); } Coin *_coin; Currency *_next; Currency *_prev; int _position; };

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• float addition 2.5 + 2.5 = 4.0? RPN

  - by AJ Clou

  The code below is my subprogram to do reverse polish notation calculations... basically +, -, *, and /. Everything works in the program except when I try to add 2.5 and 2.5 the program gives me 4.0... I think I have an idea why, but I'm not sure how to fix it... Right now I am reading all the numbers and operators in from command line as required by this assignment, then taking that string and using sscanf to get the numbers out of it... I am thinking that somehow the array that contains the three characters '2', '.', and '5', is not being totally converted to a float... instead i think just the '2' is. Could someone please take a look at my code and either confirm or deny this, and possibly tell me how to fix it so that i get the proper answer? Thank you in advance for any help! float fsm (char mystring[]) { int i = -1, j, k = 0, state = 0; float num1, num2, ans; char temp[10]; c_stack top; c_init_stack (&top); while (1) { switch (state) { case 0: i++; if ((mystring[i]) == ' ') { state = 0; } else if ((isdigit (mystring[i])) || (mystring[i] == '.')) { state = 1; } else if ((mystring[i]) == '\0') { state = 3; } else { state = 4; } break; case 1: temp[k] = mystring[i]; k++; i++; if ((isdigit (mystring[i])) || (mystring[i] == '.')) { state = 1; } else { state = 2; } break; case 2: temp[k] = '\0'; sscanf (temp, "%f", &num1); c_push (&top, num1); i--; k = 0; state = 0; break; case 3: ans = c_pop (&top); if (c_is_empty (top)) return ans; else { printf ("There are still items on the stack\n"); exit (0); case 4: num2 = c_pop (&top); num1 = c_pop (&top); if (mystring[i] == '+'){ ans = num1 + num2; return ans; } else if (mystring[i] == '-'){ ans = num1 - num2; return ans; } else if (mystring[i] == '*'){ ans = num1 * num2; return ans; } else if (mystring[i] == '/'){ if (num2){ ans = num1 / num2; return ans; } else{ printf ("Error: cannot divide by 0\n"); exit (0); } } c_push (&top, ans); state = 0; break; } } } } Here is my main program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "boolean.h" #include "c_stack.h" #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char mystring[100]; int i; sscanf("", "%s", mystring); for (i=1; i<argc; i++){ strcat(mystring, argv[i]); strcat(mystring, " "); } printf("%.2f\n", fsm(mystring)); } and here is the header file with prototypes and the definition for c_stack: #include "boolean.h" #ifndef CSTACK_H #define CSTACK_H typedef struct c_stacknode{ char data; struct c_stacknode *next; } *c_stack; #endif void c_init_stack(c_stack *); boolean c_is_full(void); boolean c_is_empty(c_stack); void c_push(c_stack *,char); char c_pop(c_stack *); void print_c_stack(c_stack); boolean is_open(char); boolean is_brother(char, char); float fsm(char[]);

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• Windows Azure: Backup Services Release, Hyper-V Recovery Manager, VM Enhancements, Enhanced Enterprise Management Support

  - by ScottGu

  This morning we released a huge set of updates to Windows Azure.  These new capabilities include: Backup Services: General Availability of Windows Azure Backup Services Hyper-V Recovery Manager: Public preview of Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager Virtual Machines: Delete Attached Disks, Availability Set Warnings, SQL AlwaysOn Configuration Active Directory: Securely manage hundreds of SaaS applications Enterprise Management: Use Active Directory to Better Manage Windows Azure Windows Azure SDK 2.2: A massive update of our SDK + Visual Studio tooling support All of these improvements are now available to use immediately.  Below are more details about them. Backup Service: General Availability Release of Windows Azure Backup Today we are releasing Windows Azure Backup Service as a general availability service.  This release is now live in production, backed by an enterprise SLA, supported by Microsoft Support, and is ready to use for production scenarios. Windows Azure Backup is a cloud based backup solution for Windows Server which allows files and folders to be backed up and recovered from the cloud, and provides off-site protection against data loss. The service provides IT administrators and developers with the option to back up and protect critical data in an easily recoverable way from any location with no upfront hardware cost. Windows Azure Backup is built on the Windows Azure platform and uses Windows Azure blob storage for storing customer data. Windows Server uses the downloadable Windows Azure Backup Agent to transfer file and folder data securely and efficiently to the Windows Azure Backup Service. Along with providing cloud backup for Windows Server, Windows Azure Backup Service also provides capability to backup data from System Center Data Protection Manager and Windows Server Essentials, to the cloud. All data is encrypted onsite before it is sent to the cloud, and customers retain and manage the encryption key (meaning the data is stored entirely secured and can’t be decrypted by anyone but yourself). Getting Started To get started with the Windows Azure Backup Service, create a new Backup Vault within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Click New->Data Services->Recovery Services->Backup Vault to do this: Once the backup vault is created you’ll be presented with a simple tutorial that will help guide you on how to register your Windows Servers with it: Once the servers you want to backup are registered, you can use the appropriate local management interface (such as the Microsoft Management Console snap-in, System Center Data Protection Manager Console, or Windows Server Essentials Dashboard) to configure the scheduled backups and to optionally initiate recoveries. You can follow these tutorials to learn more about how to do this: Tutorial: Schedule Backups Using the Windows Azure Backup Agent This tutorial helps you with setting up a backup schedule for your registered Windows Servers. Additionally, it also explains how to use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to set up a custom backup schedule. Tutorial: Recover Files and Folders Using the Windows Azure Backup Agent This tutorial helps you with recovering data from a backup. Additionally, it also explains how to use Windows PowerShell cmdlets to do the same tasks. Below are some of the key benefits the Windows Azure Backup Service provides: Simple configuration and management. Windows Azure Backup Service integrates with the familiar Windows Server Backup utility in Windows Server, the Data Protection Manager component in System Center and Windows Server Essentials, in order to provide a seamless backup and recovery experience to a local disk, or to the cloud. Block level incremental backups. The Windows Azure Backup Agent performs incremental backups by tracking file and block level changes and only transferring the changed blocks, hence reducing the storage and bandwidth utilization. Different point-in-time versions of the backups use storage efficiently by only storing the changes blocks between these versions. Data compression, encryption and throttling. The Windows Azure Backup Agent ensures that data is compressed and encrypted on the server before being sent to the Windows Azure Backup Service over the network. As a result, the Windows Azure Backup Service only stores encrypted data in the cloud storage. The encryption key is not available to the Windows Azure Backup Service, and as a result the data is never decrypted in the service. Also, users can setup throttling and configure how the Windows Azure Backup service utilizes the network bandwidth when backing up or restoring information. Data integrity is verified in the cloud. In addition to the secure backups, the backed up data is also automatically checked for integrity once the backup is done. As a result, any corruptions which may arise due to data transfer can be easily identified and are fixed automatically. Configurable retention policies for storing data in the cloud. The Windows Azure Backup Service accepts and implements retention policies to recycle backups that exceed the desired retention range, thereby meeting business policies and managing backup costs. Hyper-V Recovery Manager: Now Available in Public Preview I’m excited to also announce the public preview of a new Windows Azure Service – the Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager (HRM). Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager helps protect your business critical services by coordinating the replication and recovery of System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 SP1 and System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 R2 private clouds at a secondary location. With automated protection, asynchronous ongoing replication, and orderly recovery, the Hyper-V Recovery Manager service can help you implement Disaster Recovery and restore important services accurately, consistently, and with minimal downtime. Application data in an Hyper-V Recovery Manager scenarios always travels on your on-premise replication channel. Only metadata (such as names of logical clouds, virtual machines, networks etc.) that is needed for orchestration is sent to Azure. All traffic sent to/from Azure is encrypted. You can begin using Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery today by clicking New->Data Services->Recovery Services->Hyper-V Recovery Manager within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  You can read more about Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager in Brad Anderson’s 9-part series, Transform the datacenter. To learn more about setting up Hyper-V Recovery Manager follow our detailed step-by-step guide. Virtual Machines: Delete Attached Disks, Availability Set Warnings, SQL AlwaysOn Today’s Windows Azure release includes a number of nice updates to Windows Azure Virtual Machines.  These improvements include: Ability to Delete both VM Instances + Attached Disks in One Operation Prior to today’s release, when you deleted VMs within Windows Azure we would delete the VM instance – but not delete the drives attached to the VM.  You had to manually delete these yourself from the storage account.  With today’s update we’ve added a convenience option that now allows you to either retain or delete the attached disks when you delete the VM:   We’ve also added the ability to delete a cloud service, its deployments, and its role instances with a single action. This can either be a cloud service that has production and staging deployments with web and worker roles, or a cloud service that contains virtual machines.  To do this, simply select the Cloud Service within the Windows Azure Management Portal and click the “Delete” button: Warnings on Availability Sets with Only One Virtual Machine In Them One of the nice features that Windows Azure Virtual Machines supports is the concept of “Availability Sets”.  An “availability set” allows you to define a tier/role (e.g. webfrontends, databaseservers, etc) that you can map Virtual Machines into – and when you do this Windows Azure separates them across fault domains and ensures that at least one of them is always available during servicing operations.  This enables you to deploy applications in a high availability way. One issue we’ve seen some customers run into is where they define an availability set, but then forget to map more than one VM into it (which defeats the purpose of having an availability set).  With today’s release we now display a warning in the Windows Azure Management Portal if you have only one virtual machine deployed in an availability set to help highlight this: You can learn more about configuring the availability of your virtual machines here. Configuring SQL Server Always On SQL Server Always On is a great feature that you can use with Windows Azure to enable high availability and DR scenarios with SQL Server. Today’s Windows Azure release makes it even easier to configure SQL Server Always On by enabling “Direct Server Return” endpoints to be configured and managed within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Previously, setting this up required using PowerShell to complete the endpoint configuration.  Starting today you can enable this simply by checking the “Direct Server Return” checkbox: You can learn more about how to use direct server return for SQL Server AlwaysOn availability groups here. Active Directory: Application Access Enhancements This summer we released our initial preview of our Application Access Enhancements for Windows Azure Active Directory.  This service enables you to securely implement single-sign-on (SSO) support against SaaS applications (including Office 365, SalesForce, Workday, Box, Google Apps, GitHub, etc) as well as LOB based applications (including ones built with the new Windows Azure AD support we shipped last week with ASP.NET and VS 2013). Since the initial preview we’ve enhanced our SAML federation capabilities, integrated our new password vaulting system, and shipped multi-factor authentication support. We've also turned on our outbound identity provisioning system and have it working with hundreds of additional SaaS Applications: Earlier this month we published an update on dates and pricing for when the service will be released in general availability form.  In this blog post we announced our intention to release the service in general availability form by the end of the year.  We also announced that the below features would be available in a free tier with it: SSO to every SaaS app we integrate with – Users can Single Sign On to any app we are integrated with at no charge. This includes all the top SAAS Apps and every app in our application gallery whether they use federation or password vaulting. Application access assignment and removal – IT Admins can assign access privileges to web applications to the users in their active directory assuring that every employee has access to the SAAS Apps they need. And when a user leaves the company or changes jobs, the admin can just as easily remove their access privileges assuring data security and minimizing IP loss User provisioning (and de-provisioning) – IT admins will be able to automatically provision users in 3rd party SaaS applications like Box, Salesforce.com, GoToMeeting, DropBox and others. We are working with key partners in the ecosystem to establish these connections, meaning you no longer have to continually update user records in multiple systems. Security and auditing reports – Security is a key priority for us. With the free version of these enhancements you'll get access to our standard set of access reports giving you visibility into which users are using which applications, when they were using them and where they are using them from. In addition, we'll alert you to un-usual usage patterns for instance when a user logs in from multiple locations at the same time. Our Application Access Panel – Users are logging in from every type of devices including Windows, iOS, & Android. Not all of these devices handle authentication in the same manner but the user doesn't care. They need to access their apps from the devices they love. Our Application Access Panel will support the ability for users to access access and launch their apps from any device and anywhere. You can learn more about our plans for application management with Windows Azure Active Directory here.  Try out the preview and start using it today. Enterprise Management: Use Active Directory to Better Manage Windows Azure Windows Azure Active Directory provides the ability to manage your organization in a directory which is hosted entirely in the cloud, or alternatively kept in sync with an on-premises Windows Server Active Directory solution (allowing you to seamlessly integrate with the directory you already have).  With today’s Windows Azure release we are integrating Windows Azure Active Directory even more within the core Windows Azure management experience, and enabling an even richer enterprise security offering.  Specifically: 1) All Windows Azure accounts now have a default Windows Azure Active Directory created for them.  You can create and map any users you want into this directory, and grant administrative rights to manage resources in Windows Azure to these users. 2) You can keep this directory entirely hosted in the cloud – or optionally sync it with your on-premises Windows Server Active Directory.  Both options are free.  The later approach is ideal for companies that wish to use their corporate user identities to sign-in and manage Windows Azure resources.  It also ensures that if an employee leaves an organization, his or her access control rights to the company’s Windows Azure resources are immediately revoked. 3) The Windows Azure Service Management APIs have been updated to support using Windows Azure Active Directory credentials to sign-in and perform management operations.  Prior to today’s release customers had to download and use management certificates (which were not scoped to individual users) to perform management operations.  We still support this management certificate approach (don’t worry – nothing will stop working).  But we think the new Windows Azure Active Directory authentication support enables an even easier and more secure way for customers to manage resources going forward.  4) The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release (which is also shipping today) includes built-in support for the new Service Management APIs that authenticate with Windows Azure Active Directory, and now allow you to create and manage Windows Azure applications and resources directly within Visual Studio using your Active Directory credentials.  This, combined with updated PowerShell scripts that also support Active Directory, enables an end-to-end enterprise authentication story with Windows Azure. Below are some details on how all of this works: Subscriptions within a Directory As part of today’s update, we have associated all existing Window Azure accounts with a Windows Azure Active Directory (and created one for you if you don’t already have one). When you login to the Windows Azure Management Portal you’ll now see the directory name in the URI of the browser.  For example, in the screen-shot below you can see that I have a “scottgu” directory that my subscriptions are hosted within: Note that you can continue to use Microsoft Accounts (formerly known as Microsoft Live IDs) to sign-into Windows Azure.  These map just fine to a Windows Azure Active Directory – so there is no need to create new usernames that are specific to a directory if you don’t want to.  In the scenario above I’m actually logged in using my @hotmail.com based Microsoft ID which is now mapped to a “scottgu” active directory that was created for me.  By default everything will continue to work just like you used to before. Manage your Directory You can manage an Active Directory (including the one we now create for you by default) by clicking the “Active Directory” tab in the left-hand side of the portal.  This will list all of the directories in your account.  Clicking one the first time will display a getting started page that provides documentation and links to perform common tasks with it: You can use the built-in directory management support within the Windows Azure Management Portal to add/remove/manage users within the directory, enable multi-factor authentication, associate a custom domain (e.g. mycompanyname.com) with the directory, and/or rename the directory to whatever friendly name you want (just click the configure tab to do this).  You can also setup the directory to automatically sync with an on-premises Active Directory using the “Directory Integration” tab. Note that users within a directory by default do not have admin rights to login or manage Windows Azure based resources.  You still need to explicitly grant them co-admin permissions on a subscription for them to login or manage resources in Windows Azure.  You can do this by clicking the Settings tab on the left-hand side of the portal and then by clicking the administrators tab within it. Sign-In Integration within Visual Studio If you install the new Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release, you can now connect to Windows Azure from directly inside Visual Studio without having to download any management certificates.  You can now just right-click on the “Windows Azure” icon within the Server Explorer and choose the “Connect to Windows Azure” context menu option to do so: Doing this will prompt you to enter the email address of the username you wish to sign-in with (make sure this account is a user in your directory with co-admin rights on a subscription): You can use either a Microsoft Account (e.g. Windows Live ID) or an Active Directory based Organizational account as the email.  The dialog will update with an appropriate login prompt depending on which type of email address you enter: Once you sign-in you’ll see the Windows Azure resources that you have permissions to manage show up automatically within the Visual Studio server explorer and be available to start using: No downloading of management certificates required.  All of the authentication was handled using your Windows Azure Active Directory! Manage Subscriptions across Multiple Directories If you have already have multiple directories and multiple subscriptions within your Windows Azure account, we have done our best to create a good default mapping of your subscriptions->directories as part of today’s update.  If you don’t like the default subscription-to-directory mapping we have done you can click the Settings tab in the left-hand navigation of the Windows Azure Management Portal and browse to the Subscriptions tab within it: If you want to map a subscription under a different directory in your account, simply select the subscription from the list, and then click the “Edit Directory” button to choose which directory to map it to.  Mapping a subscription to a different directory takes only seconds and will not cause any of the resources within the subscription to recycle or stop working.  We’ve made the directory->subscription mapping process self-service so that you always have complete control and can map things however you want. Filtering By Directory and Subscription Within the Windows Azure Management Portal you can filter resources in the portal by subscription (allowing you to show/hide different subscriptions).  If you have subscriptions mapped to multiple directory tenants, we also now have a filter drop-down that allows you to filter the subscription list by directory tenant.  This filter is only available if you have multiple subscriptions mapped to multiple directories within your Windows Azure Account:   Windows Azure SDK 2.2 Today we are also releasing a major update of our Windows Azure SDK.  The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 release adds some great new features including: Visual Studio 2013 Support Integrated Windows Azure Sign-In support within Visual Studio Remote Debugging Cloud Services with Visual Studio Firewall Management support within Visual Studio for SQL Databases Visual Studio 2013 RTM VM Images for MSDN Subscribers Windows Azure Management Libraries for .NET Updated Windows Azure PowerShell Cmdlets and ScriptCenter I’ll post a follow-up blog shortly with more details about all of the above. Additional Updates In addition to the above enhancements, today’s release also includes a number of additional improvements: AutoScale: Richer time and date based scheduling support (set different rules on different dates) AutoScale: Ability to Scale to Zero Virtual Machines (very useful for Dev/Test scenarios) AutoScale: Support for time-based scheduling of Mobile Service AutoScale rules Operation Logs: Auditing support for Service Bus management operations Today we also shipped a major update to the Windows Azure SDK – Windows Azure SDK 2.2.  It has so much goodness in it that I have a whole second blog post coming shortly on it! :-) Summary Today’s Windows Azure release enables a bunch of great new scenarios, and enables a much richer enterprise authentication offering. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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• Rounded Corners and Shadows &ndash; Dialogs with CSS

  - by Rick Strahl

  Well, it looks like we’ve finally arrived at a place where at least all of the latest versions of main stream browsers support rounded corners and box shadows. The two CSS properties that make this possible are box-shadow and box-radius. Both of these CSS Properties now supported in all the major browsers as shown in this chart from QuirksMode: In it’s simplest form you can use box-shadow and border radius like this: .boxshadow { -moz-box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353; -webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353; box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353; } .roundbox { -moz-border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px; -webkit-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px; } box-shadow: horizontal-shadow-pixels vertical-shadow-pixels blur-distance shadow-color box-shadow attributes specify the the horizontal and vertical offset of the shadow, the blur distance (to give the shadow a smooth soft look) and a shadow color. The spec also supports multiple shadows separated by commas using the attributes above but we’re not using that functionality here. box-radius: top-left-radius top-right-radius bottom-right-radius bottom-left-radius border-radius takes a pixel size for the radius for each corner going clockwise. CSS 3 also specifies each of the individual corner elements such as border-top-left-radius, but support for these is much less prevalent so I would recommend not using them for now until support improves. Instead use the single box-radius to specify all corners. Browser specific Support in older Browsers Notice that there are two variations: The actual CSS 3 properties (box-shadow and box-radius) and the browser specific ones (-moz, –webkit prefixes for FireFox and Chrome/Safari respectively) which work in slightly older versions of modern browsers before official CSS 3 support was added. The goal is to spread support as widely as possible and the prefix versions extend the range slightly more to those browsers that provided early support for these features. Notice that box-shadow and border-radius are used after the browser specific versions to ensure that the latter versions get precedence if the browser supports both (last assignment wins). Use the .boxshadow and .roundbox Styles in HTML To use these two styles create a simple rounded box with a shadow you can use HTML like this: <!-- Simple Box with rounded corners and shadow --> <div class="roundbox boxshadow" style="width: 550px; border: solid 2px steelblue"> <div class="boxcontenttext"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> which looks like this in the browser: This works across browsers and it’s pretty sweet and simple. Watch out for nested Elements! There are a couple of things to be aware of however when using rounded corners. Specifically, you need to be careful when you nest other non-transparent content into the rounded box. For example check out what happens when I change the inside <div> to have a colored background: <!-- Simple Box with rounded corners and shadow --> <div class="roundbox boxshadow" style="width: 550px; border: solid 2px steelblue"> <div class="boxcontenttext" style="background: khaki;"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> which renders like this:   If you look closely you’ll find that the inside <div>’s corners are not rounded and so ‘poke out’ slightly over the rounded corners. It looks like the rounded corners are ‘broken’ up instead of a solid rounded line around the corner, which his pretty ugly. The bigger the radius the more drastic this effect becomes . To fix this issue the inner <div> also has have rounded corners at the same or slightly smaller radius than the outer <div>. The simple fix for this is to simply also apply the roundbox style to the inner <div> in addition to the boxcontenttext style already applied: <div class="boxcontenttext roundbox" style="background: khaki;"> The fixed display now looks proper: Separate Top and Bottom Elements This gets even a little more tricky if you have an element at the top or bottom only of the rounded box. What if you need to add something like a header or footer <div> that have non-transparent backgrounds which is a pretty common scenario? In those cases you want only the top or bottom corners rounded and not both. To make this work a couple of additional styles to round only the top and bottom corners can be created: .roundbox-top { -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; } .roundbox-bottom { -moz-border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px; border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px; } Notice that radius used for the ‘inside’ rounding is smaller (4px) than the outside radius (6px). This is so the inner radius fills into the outer border – if you use the same size you may have some white space showing between inner and out rounded corners. Experiment with values to see what works – in my experimenting the behavior across browsers here is consistent (thankfully). These styles can be applied in addition to other styles to make only the top or bottom portions of an element rounded. For example imagine I have styles like this: .gridheader, .gridheaderbig, .gridheaderleft, .gridheaderright { padding: 4px 4px 4px 4px; background: #003399 url(images/vertgradient.png) repeat-x; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; color: khaki; } .gridheaderleft { text-align: left; } .gridheaderright { text-align: right; } .gridheaderbig { font-size: 135%; } If I just apply say gridheader by itself in HTML like this: <div class="roundbox boxshadow" style="width: 550px; border: solid 2px steelblue"> <div class="gridheaderleft">Box with a Header</div> <div class="boxcontenttext" style="background: khaki;"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> This results in a pretty funky display – again due to the fact that the inner elements render square rather than rounded corners: If you look close again you can see that both the header and the main content have square edges which jumps out at the eye. To fix this you can now apply the roundbox-top and roundbox-bottom to the header and content respectively: <div class="roundbox boxshadow" style="width: 550px; border: solid 2px steelblue"> <div class="gridheaderleft roundbox-top">Box with a Header</div> <div class="boxcontenttext roundbox-bottom" style="background: khaki;"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> Which now gives the proper display with rounded corners both on the top and bottom: All of this is sweet to be supported – at least by the newest browser – without having to resort to images and nasty JavaScripts solutions. While this is still not a mainstream feature yet for the majority of actually installed browsers, the majority of browser users are very likely to have this support as most browsers other than IE are actively pushing users to upgrade to newer versions. Since this is a ‘visual display only feature it degrades reasonably well in non-supporting browsers: You get an uninteresting square and non-shadowed browser box, but the display is still overall functional. The main sticking point – as always is Internet Explorer versions 8.0 and down as well as older versions of other browsers. With those browsers you get a functional view that is a little less interesting to look at obviously: but at least it’s still functional. Maybe that’s just one more incentive for people using older browsers to upgrade to a  more modern browser :-) Creating Dialog Related Styles In a lot of my AJAX based applications I use pop up windows which effectively work like dialogs. Using the simple CSS behaviors above, it’s really easy to create some fairly nice looking overlaid windows with nothing but CSS. Here’s what a typical ‘dialog’ I use looks like: The beauty of this is that it’s plain CSS – no plug-ins or images (other than the gradients which are optional) required. Add jQuery-ui draggable (or ww.jquery.js as shown below) and you have a nice simple inline implementation of a dialog represented by a simple <div> tag. Here’s the HTML for this dialog: <div id="divDialog" class="dialog boxshadow" style="width: 450px;"> <div class="dialog-header"> <div class="closebox"></div> User Sign-in </div> <div class="dialog-content"> <label>Username:</label> <input type="text" name="txtUsername" value=" " /> <label>Password</label> <input type="text" name="txtPassword" value=" " /> <hr /> <input type="button" id="btnLogin" value="Login" /> </div> <div class="dialog-statusbar">Ready</div> </div> Most of this behavior is driven by the ‘dialog’ styles which are fairly basic and easy to understand. They do use a few support images for the gradients which are provided in the sample I’ve provided. Here’s what the CSS looks like: .dialog { background: White; overflow: hidden; border: solid 1px steelblue; -moz-border-radius: 6px 6px 4px 4px; -webkit-border-radius: 6px 6px 4px 4px; border-radius: 6px 6px 3px 3px; } .dialog-header { background-image: url(images/dialogheader.png); background-repeat: repeat-x; text-align: left; color: cornsilk; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; font-size: 1.02em; font-weight: bold; position: relative; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; } .dialog-top { -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; } .dialog-bottom { -moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; } .dialog-content { padding: 15px; } .dialog-statusbar, .dialog-toolbar { background: #eeeeee; background-image: url(images/dialogstrip.png); background-repeat: repeat-x; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-top: solid 1px silver; border-bottom: solid 1px silver; font-size: 0.8em; } .dialog-statusbar { -moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; -webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px; padding-right: 10px; } .closebox { position: absolute; right: 2px; top: 2px; background-image: url(images/close.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; width: 14px; height: 14px; cursor: pointer; opacity: 0.60; filter: alpha(opacity="80"); } .closebox:hover { opacity: 1; filter: alpha(opacity="100"); } The main style is the dialog class which is the outer box. It has the rounded border that serves as the outline. Note that I didn’t add the box-shadow to this style because in some situations I just want the rounded box in an inline display that doesn’t have a shadow so it’s still applied separately. dialog-header, then has the rounded top corners and displays a typical dialog heading format. dialog-bottom and dialog-top then provide the same functionality as roundbox-top and roundbox-bottom described earlier but are provided mainly in the stylesheet for consistency to match the dialog’s round edges and making it easier to  remember and find in Intellisense as it shows up in the same dialog- group. dialog-statusbar and dialog-toolbar are two elements I use a lot for floating windows – the toolbar serves for buttons and options and filters typically, while the status bar provides information specific to the floating window. Since the the status bar is always on the bottom of the dialog it automatically handles the rounding of the bottom corners. Finally there’s  closebox style which is to be applied to an empty <div> tag in the header typically. What this does is render a close image that is by default low-lighted with a low opacity value, and then highlights when hovered over. All you’d have to do handle the close operation is handle the onclick of the <div>. Note that the <div> right aligns so typically you should specify it before any other content in the header. Speaking of closable – some time ago I created a closable jQuery plug-in that basically automates this process and can be applied against ANY element in a page, automatically removing or closing the element with some simple script code. Using this you can leave out the <div> tag for closable and just do the following: To make the above dialog closable (and draggable) which makes it effectively and overlay window, you’d add jQuery.js and ww.jquery.js to the page: <script type="text/javascript" src="../../scripts/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../scripts/ww.jquery.min.js"></script> and then simply call: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#divDialog") .draggable({ handle: ".dialog-header" }) .closable({ handle: ".dialog-header", closeHandler: function () { alert("Window about to be closed."); return true; // true closes - false leaves open } }); }); </script> * ww.jquery.js emulates base features in jQuery-ui’s draggable. If jQuery-ui is loaded its draggable version will be used instead and voila you have now have a draggable and closable window – here in mid-drag:   The dragging and closable behaviors are of course optional, but it’s the final touch that provides dialog like window behavior. Relief for older Internet Explorer Versions with CSS Pie If you want to get these features to work with older versions of Internet Explorer all the way back to version 6 you can check out CSS Pie. CSS Pie provides an Internet Explorer behavior file that attaches to specific CSS rules and simulates these behavior using script code in IE (mostly by implementing filters). You can simply add the behavior to each CSS style that uses box-shadow and border-radius like this: .boxshadow {     -moz-box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353;     -webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353;           box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #535353;     behavior: url(scripts/PIE.htc);           } .roundbox {      -moz-border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px;     -webkit-border-radius: 6px;      border-radius: 6px 6px 6px 6px;     behavior: url(scripts/PIE.htc); } CSS Pie requires the PIE.htc on your server and referenced from each CSS style that needs it. Note that the url() for IE behaviors is NOT CSS file relative as other CSS resources, but rather PAGE relative , so if you have more than one folder you probably need to reference the HTC file with a fixed path like this: behavior: url(/MyApp/scripts/PIE.htc); in the style. Small price to pay, but a royal pain if you have a common CSS file you use in many applications. Once the PIE.htc file has been copied and you have applied the behavior to each style that uses these new features Internet Explorer will render rounded corners and box shadows! Yay! Hurray for box-shadow and border-radius All of this functionality is very welcome natively in the browser. If you think this is all frivolous visual candy, you might be right :-), but if you take a look on the Web and search for rounded corner solutions that predate these CSS attributes you’ll find a boatload of stuff from image files, to custom drawn content to Javascript solutions that play tricks with a few images. It’s sooooo much easier to have this functionality built in and I for one am glad to see that’s it’s finally becoming standard in the box. Still remember that when you use these new CSS features, they are not universal, and are not going to be really soon. Legacy browsers, especially old versions of Internet Explorer that can’t be updated will continue to be around and won’t work with this shiny new stuff. I say screw ‘em: Let them get a decent recent browser or see a degraded and ugly UI. We have the luxury with this functionality in that it doesn’t typically affect usability – it just doesn’t look as nice. Resources Download the Sample The sample includes the styles and images and sample page as well as ww.jquery.js for the draggable/closable example. Online Sample Check out the sample described in this post online. Closable and Draggable Documentation Documentation for the closeable and draggable plug-ins in ww.jquery.js. You can also check out the full documentation for all the plug-ins contained in ww.jquery.js here. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in HTML  CSS  

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• Sniffing out SQL Code Smells: Inconsistent use of Symbolic names and Datatypes

  - by Phil Factor

  It is an awkward feeling. You’ve just delivered a database application that seems to be working fine in production, and you just run a few checks on it. You discover that there is a potential bug that, out of sheer good chance, hasn’t kicked in to produce an error; but it lurks, like a smoking bomb. Worse, maybe you find that the bug has started its evil work of corrupting the data, but in ways that nobody has, so far detected. You investigate, and find the damage. You are somehow going to have to repair it. Yes, it still very occasionally happens to me. It is not a nice feeling, and I do anything I can to prevent it happening. That’s why I’m interested in SQL code smells. SQL Code Smells aren’t necessarily bad practices, but just show you where to focus your attention when checking an application. Sometimes with databases the bugs can be subtle. SQL is rather like HTML: the language does its best to try to carry out your wishes, rather than to be picky about your bugs. Most of the time, this is a great benefit, but not always. One particular place where this can be detrimental is where you have implicit conversion between different data types. Most of the time it is completely harmless but we’re  concerned about the occasional time it isn’t. Let’s give an example: String truncation. Let’s give another even more frightening one, rounding errors on assignment to a number of different precision. Each requires a blog-post to explain in detail and I’m not now going to try. Just remember that it is not always a good idea to assign data to variables, parameters or even columns when they aren’t the same datatype, especially if you are relying on implicit conversion to work its magic.For details of the problem and the consequences, see here:  SR0014: Data loss might occur when casting from {Type1} to {Type2} . For any experienced Database Developer, this is a more frightening read than a Vampire Story. This is why one of the SQL Code Smells that makes me edgy, in my own or other peoples’ code, is to see parameters, variables and columns that have the same names and different datatypes. Whereas quite a lot of this is perfectly normal and natural, you need to check in case one of two things have gone wrong. Either sloppy naming, or mixed datatypes. Sure it is hard to remember whether you decided that the length of a log entry was 80 or 100 characters long, or the precision of a number. That is why a little check like this I’m going to show you is excellent for tidying up your code before you check it back into source Control! 1/ Checking Parameters only If you were just going to check parameters, you might just do this. It simply groups all the parameters, either input or output, of all the routines (e.g. stored procedures or functions) by their name and checks to see, in the HAVING clause, whether their data types are all the same. If not, it lists all the examples and their origin (the routine) Even this little check can occasionally be scarily revealing. ;WITH userParameter AS  ( SELECT   c.NAME AS ParameterName,  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(c.object_ID) AS ObjectName,  t.name + ' '     + CASE     --we may have to put in the length            WHEN t.name IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN c.max_length = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN t.name IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN c.max_length / 2 ELSE c.max_length                    END)                END + ')'         WHEN t.name IN ('decimal', 'numeric')             THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.precision)                   + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.Scale) + ')'         ELSE ''      END  --we've done with putting in the length      + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0         THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                    THEN 'DOCUMENT '                    ELSE 'CONTENT '                   END              + COALESCE(               (SELECT QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.name)                FROM sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE sc.xml_collection_ID = c.XML_collection_ID),'NULL') + ')'          ELSE ''         END        AS [DataType]  FROM sys.parameters c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys'   AND parameter_id>0)SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'+ParameterName),DataType FROM UserParameterWHERE ParameterName IN   (SELECT ParameterName FROM UserParameter    GROUP BY ParameterName    HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY ParameterName   so, in a very small example here, we have a @ClosingDelimiter variable that is only CHAR(1) when, by the looks of it, it should be up to ten characters long, or even worse, a function that should be a char(1) and seems to let in a string of ten characters. Worth investigating. Then we have a @Comment variable that can't decide whether it is a VARCHAR(2000) or a VARCHAR(MAX) 2/ Columns and Parameters Actually, once we’ve cleared up the mess we’ve made of our parameter-naming in the database we’re inspecting, we’re going to be more interested in listing both columns and parameters. We can do this by modifying the routine to list columns as well as parameters. Because of the slight complexity of creating the string version of the datatypes, we will create a fake table of both columns and parameters so that they can both be processed the same way. After all, we want the datatypes to match Unfortunately, parameters do not expose all the attributes we are interested in, such as whether they are nullable (oh yes, subtle bugs happen if this isn’t consistent for a datatype). We’ll have to leave them out for this check. Voila! A slight modification of the first routine ;WITH userObject AS  ( SELECT   Name AS DataName,--the actual name of the parameter or column ('@' removed)  --and the qualified object name of the routine  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(ObjectID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(ObjectID) AS ObjectName,  --now the harder bit: the definition of the datatype.  TypeName + ' '     + CASE     --we may have to put in the length. e.g. CHAR (10)           WHEN TypeName IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN MaxLength = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN TypeName IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN MaxLength / 2 ELSE MaxLength                    END)                END + ')'         WHEN TypeName IN ('decimal', 'numeric')--a BCD number!             THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), Precision)                   + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), Scale) + ')'         ELSE ''      END  --we've done with putting in the length      + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0 --tush tush. XML         THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                    THEN 'DOCUMENT '                    ELSE 'CONTENT '                   END              + COALESCE(               (SELECT TOP 1 QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.Name)                FROM sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE sc.xml_collection_ID = XML_collection_ID),'NULL') + ')'          ELSE ''         END        AS [DataType],       DataObjectType  FROM   (Select t.name AS TypeName, REPLACE(c.name,'@','') AS Name,          c.max_length AS MaxLength, c.precision AS [Precision],           c.scale AS [Scale], c.[Object_id] AS ObjectID, XML_collection_ID,          is_XML_Document,'P' AS DataobjectType  FROM sys.parameters c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  AND parameter_id>0  UNION all  Select t.name AS TypeName, c.name AS Name, c.max_length AS MaxLength,          c.precision AS [Precision], c.scale AS [Scale],          c.[Object_id] AS ObjectID, XML_collection_ID,is_XML_Document,          'C' AS DataobjectType            FROM sys.columns c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID   WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys'  )f)SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'   + CASE WHEN DataobjectType ='P' THEN '@' ELSE '' END + DataName),DataType FROM UserObjectWHERE DataName IN   (SELECT DataName FROM UserObject   GROUP BY DataName    HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY DataName     Hmm. I can tell you I found quite a few minor issues with the various tabases I tested this on, and found some potential bugs that really leap out at you from the results. Here is the start of the result for AdventureWorks. Yes, AccountNumber is, for some reason, a Varchar(10) in the Customer table. Hmm. odd. Why is a city fifty characters long in that view?  The idea of the description of a colour being 256 characters long seems over-ambitious. Go down the list and you'll spot other mistakes. There are no bugs, but just mess. We started out with a listing to examine parameters, then we mixed parameters and columns. Our last listing is for a slightly more in-depth look at table columns. You’ll notice that we’ve delibarately removed the indication of whether a column is persisted, or is an identity column because that gives us false positives for our code smells. If you just want to browse your metadata for other reasons (and it can quite help in some circumstances) then uncomment them! ;WITH userColumns AS  ( SELECT   c.NAME AS columnName,  OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) + '.' + OBJECT_NAME(c.object_ID) AS ObjectName,  REPLACE(t.name + ' '   + CASE WHEN is_computed = 1 THEN ' AS ' + --do DDL for a computed column          (SELECT definition FROM sys.computed_columns cc           WHERE cc.object_id = c.object_id AND cc.column_ID = c.column_ID)     --we may have to put in the length            WHEN t.Name IN ('char', 'varchar', 'nchar', 'nvarchar')             THEN '('               + CASE WHEN c.Max_Length = -1 THEN 'MAX'                ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),                    CASE WHEN t.Name IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar')                      THEN c.Max_Length / 2 ELSE c.Max_Length                    END)                END + ')'       WHEN t.name IN ('decimal', 'numeric')       THEN '(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.precision) + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), c.Scale) + ')'       ELSE ''      END + CASE WHEN c.is_rowguidcol = 1          THEN ' ROWGUIDCOL'          ELSE ''         END + CASE WHEN XML_collection_ID <> 0            THEN --deal with object schema names             '(' + CASE WHEN is_XML_Document = 1                THEN 'DOCUMENT '                ELSE 'CONTENT '               END + COALESCE((SELECT                QUOTENAME(ss.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(sc.name)                FROM                sys.xml_schema_collections sc                INNER JOIN Sys.Schemas ss ON sc.schema_ID = ss.schema_ID                WHERE                sc.xml_collection_ID = c.XML_collection_ID),                'NULL') + ')'            ELSE ''           END + CASE WHEN is_identity = 1             THEN CASE WHEN OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id,                'IsUserTable') = 1 AND COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id,                c.name,                'IsIDNotForRepl') = 0 AND OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id,                'IsMSShipped') = 0                THEN ''                ELSE ' NOT FOR REPLICATION '               END             ELSE ''            END + CASE WHEN c.is_nullable = 0               THEN ' NOT NULL'               ELSE ' NULL'              END + CASE                WHEN c.default_object_id <> 0                THEN ' DEFAULT ' + object_Definition(c.default_object_id)                ELSE ''               END + CASE                WHEN c.collation_name IS NULL                THEN ''                WHEN c.collation_name <> (SELECT                collation_name                FROM                sys.databases                WHERE                name = DB_NAME()) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS                THEN COALESCE(' COLLATE ' + c.collation_name,                '')                ELSE ''                END,'  ',' ') AS [DataType]FROM sys.columns c  INNER JOIN sys.types t ON c.user_Type_ID = t.user_Type_ID  WHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(c.object_ID) <> 'sys')SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(80),objectName+'.'+columnName),DataType FROM UserColumnsWHERE columnName IN (SELECT columnName FROM UserColumns  GROUP BY columnName  HAVING MIN(Datatype)<>MAX(DataType))ORDER BY columnName If you take a look down the results against Adventureworks, you'll see once again that there are things to investigate, mostly, in the illustration, discrepancies between null and non-null datatypes So I here you ask, what about temporary variables within routines? If ever there was a source of elusive bugs, you'll find it there. Sadly, these temporary variables are not stored in the metadata so we'll have to find a more subtle way of flushing these out, and that will, I'm afraid, have to wait!

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• Windows 7 intermittently drops wired internet/lan connection.

  - by CraigTP

  In a nutshell, my Windows 7 Ultimate PC intermittently drops it's internet connection. Why? Background: My PC is wired to my ADSL modem/router which is directly connected to the phone line. I also have wireless connectivity turned on within the router for a laptop to connect wirelessly. Every few hours or so, when using my PC, I find I cannot access the internet and pages will not load. Eventually, Windows7 will update the network icon in the task-tray to show the exclamation mark symbol on the network icon. Opening up the Network And Sharing Centre will show the red cross between the "Multiple Networks" and "The Internet". Here's a picture of the "Network And Sharing Centre" (grabbed when everything was working!) As you can see, I'm running Sun's VirtualBox on this machine and that creates a Network connection for itself. This doesn't seem to affect the intermittent dropping (i.e. the intermittent drops occur whether the VirtualBox connection is in use or not). When the connection does drop, I cannot access any internet pages, nor can I access the router's web admin page at http://192.168.1.1/, so I'm assuming I've lost all local LAN access too. It's definitely not the router (or the internet connection itself) as my laptop, using the wireless connection (and running Vista Home Premium) continues to be able to access the internet (and the router's web admin pages) just fine. Every time this happens, I can immediately restore all internet and LAN access by opening Network Adapter page, disabling the "Local Area Connection" and then re-enabling it. Give it a few seconds and everything is fine again. I assume this is because, beneath the GUI, it's effectively doing an "ipconfig /release" then "ipconfig /renew". Why does this happen in the first place, though? I've googled for this and seen quite a few other people (even on MSDN/Technet forums) experiencing the same or almost the same problem, but with no clear resolution. Suggestions of turning off IPv6 on the LAN adapter, and ensuring there's no power management "sleeping" the network adapter have been tried but do not cure the problem. There does not seem to be any particular sequence of events that cause it to happen either. I've had it go twice in 20 minutes when just randomly browsing the web with no other traffic, and I've also had it go once then not go again for 2-3 hours with the same sort of usage. Can anyone tell me why this is happening and how to make it stop? EDIT: Additional information based upon the answer provided so far: Firstly, I forgot the mention that this is Windows 7 64 bit if that makes any difference at all. I mentioned that I don't think the VirtualBox network adpater is causing this problem in any way, and I also have VirtualBox installed on two other machines, one running Vista Home Premium and the other running XP. Neither of these machine experience the same network connectivity issues as the Windows 7 machine. The IP assignment for the Windows 7 machine is the same both before and after the "drop". I have a DHCP server on the router issuing IP Addresses, however my Windows 7 machine uses a static address. Here's the output from "ipconfig": Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Within the system's event logs, the only event that relates to the connection dropping is a "DNS Client Event" and this is generated after the connection has dropped and is an event detailing that DNS information can't be found for whatever website I may be trying to access, just as the connection drops: Log Name: System Source: Microsoft-Windows-DNS-Client Event ID: 1014 Task Category: None Level: Warning Keywords: User: NETWORK SERVICE Description: Name resolution for the name weather.service.msn.com timed out after none of the configured DNS servers responded. The network adapter chipset is Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller and I have confirmed that this is the correct chipset for the motherboard (Asus M4A77TD PRO), and in fact, Windows Update installed an updated driver for this on 12/Jan/2009. The details of the update say that it's a Realtek software update from December 2009. Incidentally, I was still having the same intermittent problems prior to this update. It seems to have made no difference at all. EDIT 2 (1 Feb 2010): In my quest to solve this problem, I have discovered some more interesting information. On another forum, someone suggested that I should try running Windows in "Safe Mode With Networking" and see if the problem continues to occur. This was a fantastic suggestion and I don't know why I didn't think of it sooner myself. So, I proceeded to run in Safe Mode with Networking for a number of hours, and amazingly, the "drops" didn't occur once. It was a positive discovery, however, due to the intermittent nature of the original problem, I wasn't completely convinced that the problem was cured. One thing I did note is that the fan on my GFX card was running alot louder than normal. This is due to the fact that I have an ASUS ENGTS250 graphics card (http://www.asus.com/product.aspx?P_ID=B6imcoax3MRY42f3) which had a known problem with a noisy fan until a BIOS update fixed the issue. (See the "Manufacturer Response" here: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16814121334 for details). Well, running in safe mode had the fan running (incorrectly) at full speed (as it did before the BIOS update), but with an (apparently) stable network connection. Obviously some driver was not loaded for the GFX card when in Safe Mode so this got me thinking about the GFX card (since the very noisy fan was quite obvious when running in Safe Mode). I rebooted into normal mode, and found that Nvidia had a very up-to-date new driver for my GFX card (only about 1 week old), so I downloaded the appropriate driver and installed it. After installation and a reboot, I was able to use my PC for an entire day with NO NETWORK DROPS!!! This was on Saturday. However, on the Sunday, I also had my PC for pretty much the entire day and experienced 2 network drops. No other changes have been made to my PC in this time. So, the story seems to be that updating my graphics card drivers seems to have improved (if not completely fixed) the issue, however, I'm still searching for a proper fix for this problem. Hopefully, this information may help anyone who may have additional ideas as to why this problem is occuring in the first place. (And why does new GFX card drivers have anything to do with the network?) I appreciate everyone's feedback so far. However, I'll have to ask once more if anyone has any further ideas of how to fix this particular problem? Thanks in advance.

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• Core Data error when assigning variable with one-to-one relationship

  - by Hoang Pham

  I tried to assign a managed object (C) with its property another managed object (B) (a one-to-one relationship) in which this other managed object (B) has a to-many relationship with one other managed object (A). There is an error from this assignment in which I copied as follows: #0 0x020e53a7 in ___forwarding___ #1 0x020c16c2 in __forwarding_prep_0___ #2 0x02078988 in CFRetain #3 0x0207a728 in CFSetAddValue #4 0x020c2fb2 in CFSetCreate #5 0x01e51ce8 in -[_NSFaultingMutableSet copyWithZone:] #6 0x020afcca in -[NSObject copy] #7 0x01e50d22 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _newPropertiesForRetainedTypes:andCopiedTypes:preserveFaults:] #8 0x01e51aa0 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _newAllPropertiesWithRelationshipFaultsIntact__] #9 0x01e519b4 in -[NSManagedObjectContext(_NSInternalChangeProcessing) _establishEventSnapshotsForObject:] #10 0x01e51866 in _PFFastMOCObjectWillChange #11 0x01e516c5 in _PF_ManagedObject_WillChangeValueForKeyIndex #12 0x01e51525 in _sharedIMPL_setvfk_core #13 0x01e51483 in _PF_Handler_Public_SetProperty #14 0x01e546d1 in -[NSManagedObject(_NSInternalMethods) _didChangeValue:forRelationship:named:withInverse:] #15 0x0030ec1e in NSKVONotify #16 0x002aae2a in -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverNotification) didChangeValueForKey:] #17 0x01e5212f in _PF_ManagedObject_DidChangeValueForKeyIndex #18 0x01e515b1 in _sharedIMPL_setvfk_core #19 0x01e55827 in _svfk_5 I don't understand very well what the exact description of this error is. Can someone explain to me what it is and how to solve this one. Note that all other assignments in which the managed object B does not have any A items do not raise this error. ObjectC *objectC = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"ObjectC" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; objectC.objectB = objectB; Thank you in advance. I added some more NSZombieEnabled/MallocStackLogging generated log: 2010-05-18 17:28:05.327 Foo[2069:207] *** -[CFSet retain]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x800c880 (gdb) shell malloc_history 207 0x800c880 malloc_history cannot examine process 207 because the process does not exist. (gdb) shell malloc_history 2069 0x800c880 ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c884 [size=5]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _endElementNs | -[Parser parser:didEndElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | strdup | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c884 [size=5]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _endElementNs | -[Parser parser:didEndElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_free | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asl_set_query | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | asprintf | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c860-0x800c8df [size=128]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlParseCharData | _characters | -[Parser parser:foundCharacters:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | asl_send | _asl_send_level_message | free ALLOC 0x800c700-0x800c893 [size=404]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | CFCalendarDecomposeAbsoluteTime | _CFCalendarDecomposeAbsoluteTimeV | __CFCalendarSetupCal | __CFCalendarCreateUCalendar | ucal_open | icu::Calendar::createInstance(icu::TimeZone*, icu::Locale const&, UErrorCode&) | malloc | malloc_zone_malloc ---- FREE 0x800c700-0x800c893 [size=404]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | NSLog | NSLogv | _CFLogvEx | __CFLogCString | _CFRelease | free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8c7 [size=72]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __NSFireDelayedPerform | -[Step2ViewController downloadData] | -[Parser downloadVariantsWithPin:forTerminal:] | -[Parser parseByNSXMLParser:] | -[NSXMLParser parse] | xmlParseChunk | xmlIOParseDTD | _startElementNs | -[Parser parser:didStartElement:namespaceURI:qualifiedName:attributes:] | +[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:inManagedObjectContext:] | +[NSManagedObject(_PFDynamicAccessorsAndPropertySupport) allocWithEntity:] | _PFAllocateObject | malloc_zone_calloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c8c7 [size=72]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | _performRunLoopAction | -[_PFManagedObjectReferenceQueue _processReferenceQueue:] | _PFDeallocateObject | malloc_zone_free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8a7 [size=40]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | CA::Transaction::observer_callback(__CFRunLoopObserver*, unsigned long, void*) | CA::Transaction::commit() | CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) | CALayerDisplayIfNeeded | -[TileLayer display] | -[CALayer _display] | CABackingStoreUpdate | backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) | WebCore::TiledSurface::drawLayer(CALayer*, CGContext*) | WKWindowDrawRect | WKViewDisplayRect | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | -[WebHTMLView drawSingleRect:] | -[WebFrame(WebInternal) _drawRect:contentsOnly:] | WebCore::FrameView::paintContents(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paint(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderFlow::paintLines(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RootInlineBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineFlowBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineTextBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::paintTextWithShadows(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, int, int, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int, int, int, WebCore::ShadowData*, bool) | WebCore::GraphicsContext::drawText(WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int) | WebCore::Font::drawSimpleText(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::FloatPoint const&, int, int) const | WebCore::Font::drawGlyphBuffer(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::GlyphBuffer const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, WebCore::FloatPoint&) const | WebCore::Font::drawGlyphs(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::SimpleFontData const*, WebCore::GlyphBuffer const&, int, int, WebCore::FloatPoint const&, bool) const | CGGStateSetFont | maybeCopyTextState | calloc | malloc_zone_calloc ---- FREE 0x800c880-0x800c8a7 [size=40]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | __CFRunLoopDoObservers | CA::Transaction::observer_callback(__CFRunLoopObserver*, unsigned long, void*) | CA::Transaction::commit() | CA::Context::commit_transaction(CA::Transaction*) | CALayerDisplayIfNeeded | -[TileLayer display] | -[CALayer _display] | CABackingStoreUpdate | backing_callback(CGContext*, void*) | WebCore::TiledSurface::drawLayer(CALayer*, CGContext*) | WKWindowDrawRect | WKViewDisplayRect | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | _WKViewDraw(CGContext*, WKView*, CGRect) | -[WebHTMLView drawSingleRect:] | -[WebFrame(WebInternal) _drawRect:contentsOnly:] | WebCore::FrameView::paintContents(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paint(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderLayer::paintLayer(WebCore::RenderLayer*, WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::IntRect const&, bool, WebCore::PaintRestriction, WebCore::RenderObject*, bool, bool) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintChildren(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderBlock::paintObject(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RenderFlow::paintLines(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::RootInlineBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineFlowBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::InlineTextBox::paint(WebCore::RenderObject::PaintInfo&, int, int) | WebCore::paintTextWithShadows(WebCore::GraphicsContext*, WebCore::Font const&, WebCore::TextRun const&, int, int, WebCore::IntPoint const&, int, int, int, int, WebCore::ShadowData*, bool) | WebCore::GraphicsContext::restorePlatformState() | CGContextRestoreGState | CGGStackRestore | CGGStateRelease | textStateRelease | free ALLOC 0x800c880-0x800c8bf [size=64]: thread_a0a8c4e0 |start | main | UIApplicationMain | GSEventRun | GSEventRunModal | CFRunLoopRunInMode | CFRunLoopRunSpecific | CA::timer_callback(__CFRunLoopTimer*, void*) | run_animation_callbacks(double, void*) | -[UIViewAnimationState animationDidStop:finished:] | -[UIViewAnimationState sendDelegateAnimationDidStop:finished:] | -[UINavigationTransitionView _navigationTransitionDidStop] | -[UIView(Hierarchy) removeFromSuperview] | -[UITextField resignFirstResponder] | -[UIFieldEditor resignFirstResponder] | -[UIKeyboardImpl setDelegate:] | -[UIKeyboardImpl setDelegate:force:] | -[UITextInteractionAssistant setGestureRecognizers] | -[UITextInteractionAssistant addTwoFingerRangedSelectRecognizer] | -[UILongPressGestureRecognizer initWithTarget:action:] | -[__NSPlaceholderSet init] | -[__NSPlaceholderSet initWithCapacity:] | __CFSetInit | _CFRuntimeCreateInstance | malloc_zone_malloc

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• error in coding a lexer in c

  - by mekasperasky

  #include<stdio.h> #include<ctype.h> #include<string.h> /* this is a lexer which recognizes constants , variables ,symbols, identifiers , functions , comments and also header files . It stores the lexemes in 3 different files . One file contains all the headers and the comments . Another file will contain all the variables , another will contain all the symbols. */ int main() { int i=0,j,k,count=0; char a,b[100],c[10000],d[100]; memset ( d, 0, 100 ); j=30; FILE *fp1,*fp2; fp1=fopen("source.txt","r"); //the source file is opened in read only mode which will passed through the lexer fp2=fopen("lext.txt","w"); //now lets remove all the white spaces and store the rest of the words in a file if(fp1==NULL) { perror("failed to open source.txt"); //return EXIT_FAILURE; } i=0; k=0; while(!feof(fp1)) { a=fgetc(fp1); if(a!=' '&&a!='\n') { if (!isalpha(a)) { switch(a) { case '+':{fprintf(fp2,"+ ----> PLUS \n"); i=0;break;} case '-':{fprintf(fp2,"- ---> MINUS \n"); i=0;break;} case '*':{fprintf(fp2, "* --->MULT \n"); i=0;break;} case '/':{fprintf(fp2, "/ --->DIV \n"); i=0;break;} //case '+=':fprintf(fp2, "%.20s\n", "ADD_ASSIGN"); //case '-=':fprintf(fp2, "%.20s\n", "SUB_ASSIGN"); case '=':{fprintf(fp2, "= ---> ASSIGN \n"); i=0;break;} case '%':{fprintf(fp2, "% ---> MOD \n"); i=0;break;} case '<':{fprintf(fp2, "< ---> LESSER_THAN \n"); i=0;break;} case '>':{fprintf(fp2, "> --> GREATER_THAN \n"); i=0;break;} //case '++':fprintf(fp2, "%.20s\n", "INCREMENT"); //case '--':fprintf(fp2, "%.20s\n", "DECREMENT"); //case '==':fprintf(fp2, "%.20s\n", "ASSIGNMENT"); case ';':{fprintf(fp2, "; --->SEMI_COLUMN \n"); i=0;break;} case ':':{fprintf(fp2, ": --->COLUMN \n"); i=0;break;} case '(':{fprintf(fp2, "( --->LPAR \n"); i=0;break;} case ')':{fprintf(fp2, ") --->RPAR \n"); i=0;break;} case '{':{fprintf(fp2, "{ --->LBRACE \n"); i=0;break;} case '}':{fprintf(fp2, "} ---> RBRACE \n"); i=0;break;} } } else { d[i]=a; //printf("%c\n",d[i]); i=i+1; } //} /* we can make the lexer more complex by including even more depths of checks for the symbols*/ } else { d[i+1]='\0'; printf("\n"); if((strcmp(d,"if ")==0)){fprintf(fp2,"if ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); //printf("%s \n",d); memset ( d, 0, 100 ); //printf("%s \n",d); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"then")==0){fprintf(fp2,"then ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"else")==0){fprintf(fp2,"else ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"switch")==0){fprintf(fp2,"switch ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"printf")==0){fprintf(fp2,"prtintf ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"scanf")==0){fprintf(fp2,"scanf ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"NULL")==0){fprintf(fp2,"NULL ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"int")==0){fprintf(fp2,"INT ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"char")==0){fprintf(fp2,"char ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"float")==0){fprintf(fp2,"float ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"long")==0){fprintf(fp2,"long ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"double")==0){fprintf(fp2,"double ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"const")==0){fprintf(fp2,"const ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"continue")==0)fprintf(fp2,"continue ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); else if(strcmp(d,"size of")==0){fprintf(fp2,"size of ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"register")==0){fprintf(fp2,"register ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"short")==0){fprintf(fp2,"short ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"auto")==0){fprintf(fp2,"auto ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"while")==0){fprintf(fp2,"while ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"do")==0){fprintf(fp2,"do ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if(strcmp(d,"case")==0){fprintf(fp2,"case ----> IDENTIFIER \n"); count=count+1;} else if (isdigit(d[i])) { fprintf(fp2,"%s ---->NUMBER",d); } else if (isalpha(a)) { fprintf(fp2,"%s ----> Variable",d); //printf("%s",d); // memset ( d, 0, 100 );} //fprintf(fp2, "s\n", b); i=0; k=k+1; continue; } i=i+1; k=k+1; } fclose(fp1); fclose(fp2); printf("%d",count); return 0; } In this code , my source.txt has if (a+b) stored . But only ( , + and ) is getting written into lext.txt and not the identifier if or the variable a and b . Any particular reason why?

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• Implementing union of Set using basic java array

  - by lupindeterd

  Note: This is an assignment. Hi, Continuing with my Set implementation using Java basic array, I'm now struggling with the 3 to last function namely the union. import java.io.*; class Set { private int numberOfElements = 0; private String[] setElements = new String[5]; private int maxNumberOfElements = 5; // constructor for our Set class public Set(int numberOfE, int setE, int maxNumberOfE) { int numberOfElements = numberOfE; String[] setElements = new String[setE]; int maxNumberOfElements = maxNumberOfE; } // Helper method to shorten/remove element of array since we're using basic array instead of ArrayList or HashSet from collection interface :( static String[] removeAt(int k, String[] arr) { final int L = arr.length; String[] ret = new String[L - 1]; System.arraycopy(arr, 0, ret, 0, k); System.arraycopy(arr, k + 1, ret, k, L - k - 1); return ret; } int findElement(String element) { int retval = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < setElements.length; i++) { if ( setElements[i] != null && setElements[i].equals(element) ) { return retval = i; } retval = -1; } return retval; } void add(String newValue) { int elem = findElement(newValue); if( numberOfElements < maxNumberOfElements && elem == -1 ) { setElements[numberOfElements] = newValue; numberOfElements++; } } int getLength() { if ( setElements != null ) { return setElements.length; } else { return 0; } } String[] emptySet() { setElements = new String[0]; return setElements; } Boolean isFull() { Boolean True = new Boolean(true); Boolean False = new Boolean(false); if ( setElements.length == maxNumberOfElements ){ return True; } else { return False; } } Boolean isEmpty() { Boolean True = new Boolean(true); Boolean False = new Boolean(false); if ( setElements.length == 0 ) { return True; } else { return False; } } void remove(String newValue) { for ( int i = 0; i < setElements.length; i++) { if ( setElements[i].equals(newValue) ) { setElements = removeAt(i,setElements); } } } int isAMember(String element) { int retval = -1; for ( int i = 0; i < setElements.length; i++ ) { if (setElements[i] != null && setElements[i].equals(element)) { return retval = i; } } return retval; } void printSet() { for ( int i = 0; i < setElements.length; i++) { System.out.println("Member elements on index: "+ i +" " + setElements[i]); } } String[] getMember() { String[] tempArray = new String[setElements.length]; for ( int i = 0; i < setElements.length; i++) { if(setElements[i] != null) { tempArray[i] = setElements[i]; } } return tempArray; } Set union(Set x, Set y) { String[] newtemparray = new String[x.getLength]; newtemparray = x.getMember; return x; } } // This is the SetDemo class that will make use of our Set class class SetDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { //get input from keyboard BufferedReader keyboard; InputStreamReader reader; String temp = ""; reader = new InputStreamReader(System.in); keyboard = new BufferedReader(reader); try { System.out.println("Enter string element to be added" ); temp = keyboard.readLine( ); System.out.println("You entered " + temp ); } catch (IOException IOerr) { System.out.println("There was an error during input"); } /* ************************************************************************** * Test cases for our new created Set class. * ************************************************************************** */ Set setA = new Set(1,10,10); setA.add(temp); setA.add("b"); setA.add("b"); setA.add("hello"); setA.add("world"); setA.add("six"); setA.add("seven"); setA.add("b"); int size = setA.getLength(); System.out.println("Set size is: " + size ); Boolean isempty = setA.isEmpty(); System.out.println("Set is empty? " + isempty ); int ismember = setA.isAMember("sixb"); System.out.println("Element six is member of setA? " + ismember ); Boolean output = setA.isFull(); System.out.println("Set is full? " + output ); setA.printSet(); int index = setA.findElement("world"); System.out.println("Element b located on index: " + index ); setA.remove("b"); setA.emptySet(); int resize = setA.getLength(); System.out.println("Set size is: " + resize ); setA.printSet(); Set setB = new Set(0,10,10); Set SetA = setA.union(setB,setA); } } Ok the method in question will be the implementation of union. As such this: Set union(Set x, Set y) { String[] newtemparray = new String[x.getLength]; newtemparray = x.getMember; return x; } I got this error: symbol : variable getLength location: class Set String[] newtemparray = new String[x.getLength]; ^ d:\javaprojects\Set.java:122: cannot find symbol symbol : variable getMember location: class Set newtemparray = x.getMember; ^ 2 errors My approach for union would be: *) create temporary array of string with size of the object x length. *) store object x members to temporary array by looping the object and calling the getMember *) loop object y members and check if element exist against temporary array. *) discard if it exist/add if it is not there *) return obj x with the union array. thanks, lupin

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