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• Using Sandcastle to build code contracts documentation

  - by DigiMortal

  In my last posting about code contracts I showed how code contracts are documented in XML-documents. In this posting I will show you how to get code contracts documented with Sandcastle and Sandcastle Help File Builder. Before we start, let’s download Sandcastle tools we need: Sandcastle Sandcastle Help File Builder Install Sandcastle first and then Sandcastle Help File Builder. Because we are generating only HTML based documentation we upload to server we don’t need any other tools. Of course, we need Cassini or IIS, but I expect it to be already there in your machine. Open your project and turn on XML-documentation for project and contracts. Now let’s run Sandcastle Help File Builder. We have to create new project and add our Visual Studio solution to this project. Now set the HelpFileFormat parameter value to be Website and let builder build the help. You have to wait about two or three minutes until help is ready. Take a look at your documentation that Sandcastle generated – you see not much information there about code contracts and their rules. Enabling code contracts documentation Now let’s include code contracts to documentation. Follow these steps: Open Sandcastle folder and make copy of vs2005 folder. Open CodeContracts folder (c:\program files\microsoft\contracts\) and unzip the archive from sandcastle folder. Copy all unzipped files to Sandcastle folder. Create (yes, create new) and build your Sandcastle Help File Builder documentation project again. Open help. In my case I see something like this now. As you can see then contracts are documented pretty well. We can easily turn on code contracts XML-documentation generation and all our contracts are documented automatically. To get documentation work we had to use Sandcastle help file fixes that are installed with code contracts and if we had previously Sandcastle Help File Builder project we had to create it from start to get new rules accepted. Once the documentation support for contracts works we have to do nothing more to get contracts documented.

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• Deploy code to Windows Azure from Dropbox

  - by Gopinath

  There is a lot of innovation happening at Windows Azure team these days under the leadership of ScottGu. The recent updates to Windows Azure published couple of days ago allows us to deploy code to Windows Azure websites straight from Dropbox. It’s very easy and simple to use. Authorize Windows Azure account to talk to Dropbox and whenever you want to deploy latest code from Dropbox just click it button. Boom! The latest code from Dropbox will be automatically deployed on Windows Azure. Everything works like magic. Wow, isn’t this a cool feature for those who don’t want to maintain their version control systems like Git, Svn or TFS? This is a big deal to many developers who maintain their personal websites source code on Dropbox. Wondering why developers maintain their source code in Dropbox? It’s easy to use Dropbox(zero learning curve) and setting up a source control systems demands lot of administrative activities as well as money for hosting them. Here is a quick walk through of deploying code to Windows Azure from Dropbox. Though I’m not going to user this feature for deploying code of my website coziie.com (I’ve a personal SVN server hosted), I’m going to recommend to all my friends who maintain their source code on Dropbox.  For more details read the detailed post on ScottGu’s blog.

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• Does not documenting code result in job security? [closed]

  - by Barry Brown

  Possible Duplicate: Should you write good documentation and clean code to increase the “Bus Factor”? I often ask young programmers why they are not documenting their code. Their responses, perhaps jokingly, frequently include "job security." I hear this from experienced professionals, too. And not just in programming; network engineers and system administrators widely subscribe to this belief. Can you really ensure job security by holding the details of your work in your head rather than on paper (or in files)? What's your experience?

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• Code Clone Analysis on Rawr &ndash; Part 1

  - by Dylan Smith

  In this post we’ll take a look at the first result from the Code Clone Analysis, and do some refactoring to eliminate the duplication.  The first result indicated that it found an exact match repeated 14 times across the solution, with 18 lines of duplicated code in each of the 14 blocks.   Net Lines Of Code Deleted: 179     In this case the code in question was a bunch of classes representing the various Bosses.  Every Boss class has a constructor that initializes a whole bunch of properties of that boss, however, for most bosses a lot of these are simply set to 0’s.     Every Boss class inherits from the class MultiDiffBoss, so I simply moved all the initialization of the various properties to the base class constructor, and left it up to the Boss subclasses to only set those that are different than the default values. In this case there are actually 22 Boss subclasses, however, due to some inconsistencies in the code structure Code Clone only identified 14 of them as identical blocks.  Since I was in there refactoring the 14 identified already, it was pretty straightforward to identify the other 8 subclasses that had the same duplicated behavior and refactor those also.   Note: Code Clone Analysis is pretty slow right now.  It takes approx 1 min to build this solution, but it takes 9 mins to run Code Clone Analysis.  Personally, if the results are high quality I’m OK with it taking a long time to run since I don’t expect it’s something I would be running all that often.  However, it would be nice to be able to run it as part of a nightly build, but at this time I don’t believe it’s possible to run outside of Visual Studio due to a dependency on the meta-data available in the VS environment.

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• What are some techniques I can use to refactor Object Oriented code into Functional code?

  - by tieTYT

  I've spent about 20-40 hours developing part of a game using JavaScript and HTML5 canvas. When I started I had no idea what I was doing. So it started as a proof of concept and is coming along nicely now, but it has no automated tests. The game is starting to become complex enough that it could benefit from some automated testing, but it seems tough to do because the code depends on mutating global state. I'd like to refactor the whole thing using Underscore.js, a functional programming library for JavaScript. Part of me thinks I should just start from scratch using a Functional Programming style and testing. But, I think refactoring the imperative code into declarative code might be a better learning experience and a safer way to get to my current state of functionality. Problem is, I know what I want my code to look like in the end, but I don't know how to turn my current code into it. I'm hoping some people here could give me some tips a la the Refactoring book and Working Effectively With Legacy Code. For example, as a first step I'm thinking about "banning" global state. Take every function that uses a global variable and pass it in as a parameter instead. Next step may be to "ban" mutation, and to always return a new object. Any advice would be appreciated. I've never taken OO code and refactored it into Functional code before.

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• SELF-SOLVED AutoHotkey Function GetMouseTaskbutton need to adapt for 64-bit OS

  - by auntyEEK

  SOLVED VIA SELF-HELP, HAIR-PULLING, AND TEETH-GRINDING. THANKS ANYWAY....... I'm using the GetMouseTaskbutton function from this thread on AHK forum. [http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/topic22763.html&highlight=getmousetaskbutton][1] ; Gets the index+1 of the taskbar button which the mouse is hovering over. ; Returns an empty string if the mouse is not over the taskbar's task toolbar. ; ; Some code and inspiration from Sean's TaskButton.ahk GetMouseTaskButton(ByRef hwnd) { MouseGetPos, x, y, win, ctl, 2 ; Check if hovering over taskbar. WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %win% if (cl != "Shell_TrayWnd") return ; Check if hovering over a Toolbar. WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %ctl% if (cl != "ToolbarWindow32") return ; Check if hovering over task-switching buttons (specific toolbar). hParent := DllCall("GetParent", "Uint", ctl) WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %hParent% if (cl != "MSTaskSwWClass") return WinGet, pidTaskbar, PID, ahk_class Shell_TrayWnd hProc := DllCall("OpenProcess", "Uint", 0x38, "int", 0, "Uint", pidTaskbar) pRB := DllCall("VirtualAllocEx", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", 0, "Uint", 20, "Uint", 0x1000, "Uint", 0x4) VarSetCapacity(pt, 8, 0) NumPut(x, pt, 0, "int") NumPut(y, pt, 4, "int") ; Convert screen coords to toolbar-client-area coords. DllCall("ScreenToClient", "uint", ctl, "uint", &pt) ; Write POINT into explorer.exe. DllCall("WriteProcessMemory", "uint", hProc, "uint", pRB+0, "uint", &pt, "uint", 8, "uint", 0) ; SendMessage, 0x447,,,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_GETHOTITEM SendMessage, 0x445, 0, pRB,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_HITTEST btn_index := ErrorLevel ; Convert btn_index to a signed int, since result may be -1 if no 'hot' item. if btn_index 0x7FFFFFFF btn_index := -(~btn_index) - 1 if (btn_index > -1) { ; Get button info. SendMessage, 0x417, btn_index, pRB,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_GETBUTTON VarSetCapacity(btn, 20) DllCall("ReadProcessMemory", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", pRB, "Uint", &btn, "Uint", 20, "Uint", 0) state := NumGet(btn, 8, "UChar") ; fsState pdata := NumGet(btn, 12, "UInt") ; dwData ret := DllCall("ReadProcessMemory", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", pdata, "UintP", hwnd, "Uint", 4, "Uint", 0) } else hwnd = 0 DllCall("VirtualFreeEx", "Uint", hProc, "Uint", pRB, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0x8000) DllCall("CloseHandle", "Uint", hProc) ; Negative values indicate seperator items. (abs(btn_index) is the index) return btn_index > -1 ? btn_index+1 : 0 } It identifies the owner of the hovered taskbar button. I'm using it in a routine to auto-activate window by hovering its taskbar button, and also a routine to close inactive window by middle-click on its taskbar button. Works great on my XP machine. The author had stated that the function does work in Vista, but it refuses to work for me in Vista 64-bit, so apparently it is only valid in 32-bit. And I am very new to AHK, and don't know how to adapt it. Unfortunately, my queries at the site sank without a trace. Does anyone have advice for me? I will be most grateful. Thanks.

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• Interface contracts – forcing code contracts through interfaces

  - by DigiMortal

  Sometimes we need a way to make different implementations of same interface follow same rules. One option is to duplicate contracts to all implementation but this is not good option because we have duplicated code then. The other option is to force contracts to all implementations at interface level. In this posting I will show you how to do it using interface contracts and contracts class. Using code from previous example about unit testing code with code contracts I will go further and force contracts at interface level. Here is the code from previous example. Take a careful look at it because I will talk about some modifications to this code soon. public interface IRandomGenerator {     int Next(int min, int max); }   public class RandomGenerator : IRandomGenerator {     private Random _random = new Random();       public int Next(int min, int max)     {         return _random.Next(min, max);     } }    public class Randomizer {     private IRandomGenerator _generator;       private Randomizer()     {         _generator = new RandomGenerator();     }       public Randomizer(IRandomGenerator generator)     {         _generator = generator;     }       public int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(             min < max,             "Min must be less than max"         );           Contract.Ensures(             Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&             Contract.Result<int>() <= max,             "Return value is out of range"         );           return _generator.Next(min, max);     } } If we look at the GetRandomFromRangeContracted() method we can see that contracts set in this method are applicable to all implementations of IRandomGenerator interface. Although we can write new implementations as we want these implementations need exactly the same contracts. If we are using generators somewhere else then code contracts are not with them anymore. To solve the problem we will force code contracts at interface level. NB! To make the following code work you must enable Contract Reference Assembly building from project settings. Interface contracts and contracts class Interface contains no code – only definitions of members that implementing type must have. But code contracts must be defined in body of member they are part of. To get over this limitation, code contracts are defined in separate contracts class. Interface is bound to this class by special attribute and contracts class refers to interface through special attribute. Here is the IRandomGenerator with contracts and contracts class. Also I write simple fake so we can test contracts easily based only on interface mock. [ContractClass(typeof(RandomGeneratorContracts))] public interface IRandomGenerator {     int Next(int min, int max); }   [ContractClassFor(typeof(IRandomGenerator))] internal sealed class RandomGeneratorContracts : IRandomGenerator {     int IRandomGenerator.Next(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(                 min < max,                 "Min must be less than max"             );           Contract.Ensures(             Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&             Contract.Result<int>() <= max,             "Return value is out of range"         );           return default(int);     } }   public class RandomFake : IRandomGenerator {     private int _testValue;       public RandomGen(int testValue)     {         _testValue = testValue;     }       public int Next(int min, int max)     {         return _testValue;     } } To try out these changes use the following code. var gen = new RandomFake(3);   try {     gen.Next(10, 1); } catch(Exception ex) {     Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); }   try {     gen.Next(5, 10); } catch(Exception ex) {     Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Now we can force code contracts to all types that implement our IRandomGenerator interface and we must test only the interface to make sure that contracts are defined correctly.

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• Best practices to work on several programming projects simultaneously

  - by Mahbubur R Aaman

  Most of the time I have to work on several projects simultaneously. I want to provide my best output at every project. What practices would be the best for me work on each project with better output? EDIT: It is better to follow http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000022.html But every companies does not follow JOEL methodologies. In this situation, what should i do? EDIT: I am a lead programmer. I have to lead several projects. Need to solve several programming problems of programmers. In this situation, what should i do?

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• Platform Builder: Building Cloned Code from Multiple OS Versions

  - by Bruce Eitman

  My career goal is to delete more code than I write, and so far I have been fairly successful. But of course once in a while I need to clone code from the public tree which is contrary to my goal. Usually what follows is a new OS release. To help reach my goal, my team uses the same BSP code for multiple versions of the OS. That means that we need to handle the cloned code so that the correct code builds for the OS version that we are working on. To handle this we could use SKIPBUILD in the sources file, but that gets messy if the cloned code contains multiple folders. The solution that we use is to have a parent folder with subfolders that contain the OS version number. Example: PM |-PM500 |-PM600 |-PM700 The version number corresponds to the environment variable _WINCEOSVER. Then we have a simple DIRS file in the parent folder: DIRS=PM$( _WINCEOSVER) Which automatically selects the folder that goes with the OS version that we are building.   Copyright © 2010 – Bruce Eitman All Rights Reserved

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• Learning language is enough to create average applications ?

  - by Freshblood

  Many books teach a programming language. However, knowing a specific language is not the same as knowning application or GUI design nor project layout. So, attempting to make an average application fails after learning a language. It is clear that knowing a language is not enough to make an application. If you agree with what I have said, why doesn't anyone mention this instead of teaching pure language syntax and features? Why books don't mention how to make a better application ?

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• Lightweight PHP/HTML/CSS editor with code browser

  - by Nisto

  I'm looking for a freeware editor which has; syntax highlighting and a code browser (or code suggestions/hints). Preferably freeware license! I've tried out quite a few editors, but a lot of them are unfortunately very resource heavy and provides a lot more functions than I ever needed. So far, there's two editors that I really like, and is lightweight: jEdit and Notepad++. Although, unfortunately... Notepad++ doesn't have code browser support for both control structures and functions for PHP. Also, there's no code browser for HTML... I really liked jEdit as well, but there doesn't seem to be a code browser for it. Except for maybe Completion, but it's a bothersome plugin, and doesn't show the code browser unless you type something in and press CTRL+B. Other editors I've tried, but wasn't satisfied with: Adobe Dreamweaver CodeLobster PHP Edition Aptana Studio Komodo Edit EditPlus BlueFish PHP Designer 2007 - Personal PhpStorm Scriptly Eclipse UltraEdit Notepad2 EditPad Pro Rapid PHP EDIT I'm using Windows XP

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• What Contents in a Young Programmer's Personal Website

  - by DotNetStudent

  I recently stumbled upon this question in which the contents a professional programmer's website should have were discussed and I agree with most of the answers there. However, I am by no means a professional programmer (just came out from university) and so I am a bit lost in what concerns the contents I should provide in the personal website I am designing for myself now. I do have a pretty nice job at a fast-growing software company but I would really like to present myself to the outside world in a nice but humble manner since my curriculum is by no means a long one. Any ideas?

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• Mathematics for Computer Science

  - by jiewmeng

  I am going into university next year. I think maths would be one of the more important aspects of computer science? I recently saw the MIT Intro to Algorithms video on YouTube and the maths required is quite hardcore. I wonder what parts of maths do i need, probability, calculus, trigo etc. Will the book Concrete Mathematics - it claims to be foundation for computer science - on Amazon cover most of whats required?

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• finding high end software contracting jobs

  - by numerical25

  I've been contracting for about 3 years now. I am currently a contractor for a web firm. This is a hourly position. I want to find larger projects. I had read that some people are able to only do one or two jobs a year and be set on that. I want those types of jobs, and I want to hire people to take on these jobs as well, but I have no idea where to start. I highly doubt places like odesk post these types of contracts. Where can I find them? How can I make good money and live comfortably while working for myself?

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• Upgrading in java web development

  - by Vladimir Ivanov

  I'm a java web developer for nearly 3 years. Always trying to learn more and be better but still I feel that the amount of knowledge is not that good as I want. The knowledge in some places still seems to be non-systematic and don't provide a very strong base to solve the problems as good as I want to do it. The example I have is my senior developer, whose solutions are always more efficient and beautiful. So, the question is rather simple and hard the same time. What is the right way to get my knowlege be more systematic and therefore improve it's quality. I understand that there is no practically good answer for the all java programming, so let's focus on the modern java web or nearly web technologies: JSF 2.0 JPA2 and Hibernate as persistence provider Web services and Java SE as a core. What methodologies or books or learning technics lead to the strong knowledge base within the given knowledge area?

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• Do most companies not know how to write software?

  - by SnOrfus

  If you're an active reader here, try to think about how many times you've heard (and even agreed) when someone here has told someone else to start looking for a new job. Personally, I've seen it a lot more than I expected: it's almost starting to sound cliche. I get that there are bound to be a number of companies that are bad at developing software or managing a software project, but it almost seems like it's getting worse and more frequent, maybe we're just hearing from them and not all of the places that have decent work atmospheres/conditions. So I ask: In your experience, and through your developer friends do you find that it is common that companies have bad development environments and if so: Why do you think it's common? What do you think could be done to fix it as a developer, as a manager, as an industry? Do you think it's improving?

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• How do you get better at selling your idea/software/pitch?

  - by Sergio Tapia

  How do I gain the skills to properly pitch my ideas/bids to potential clients? What are the tried and true methods of improving this very necessary skill a freelancer is supposed to have in order to survive? I have a bit of trouble trying to sell my ideas to clients and convince them that this project can be done and done well within the time they ask, but so far I feel I'm lacking in that department and I want to WOW the pants off clients from here on out. Any suggestions?

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• How does whitespace affect Python code?

  - by Codereview

  I've started programming about a year ago, I've learned the C and C++ languages and bits of Java. Recently I've started to learn the Python language (Notable: I'm using the Eclipse IDE). I'm used to formatting my code with whitespace, placing statements a bit to the right of my code for easier readability. Since I started working with Python it seems whitespace is a problem, I get some unnecessary whitespace warnings, and my code gets underlined (In eclipse). After a while I figured Python is very restrictive about whitespace for some reason, so I've been looking for the effects of whitespace on Python code. How does it affect the code? Does the code work different with unnecessary whitespace?

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• Website hosted at home pingable from outside, but not browseable from outside

  - by Richard DesLonde

  I have a simple setup. Server at home has local I.P. 192.168.1.3 IIS is running on the server and the website is up. Windows firewall on the server has an exception rule for port 80 TCP Router has static I.P. XX.XXX.XX.XXX Router is forwarding TCP port 80 to 192.168.1.3 My domain registrar is my DNS host and is pointing to the static I.P. XX.XXX.XX.XXX of the router Here's what I can and can't do. I can browse the website from within my home network either by I.P. or domain name. I can ping the domain and the I.P. from outside the network (from a computer at work). I can't browse the website either by domain name or by I.P. Wierd. Why I can't browse my website? Incidentally, I wasn't sure this question was appropriate for SO, but after finding a few others similar to it on SO, and no comments on those questions saying anything about it being innapropriate, I decided I would post this question. Let me know if this is not appropriate for SO, or is more appropriate for another of the SE websites. Thanks!

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• Why is design by contract considered an alternative to the pseudo programming process?

  - by zoopp

  Right now I'm reading Code Complete by Steve McConnell and in chapter 9 he talks about the Pseudo Programming Process (PPP). From what I've understood, the PPP is a way of programming in which the programmer first writes the pseudo code for the routine he's working on, then refines it up to the point where pretty much each pseudo code line can be implemented in 1-3 lines of code, then writes the code in the designated programming language and finally the pseudo code is saved as comments for the purpose of documenting the routine. In chapter 9.4 the author mentions alternatives to the PPP, one of which is 'design by contract'. In design by contract you basically assert preconditions and postconditions of each routine. Now why would that be considered an alternative? To me it seems obvious that I should use both techniques at the same time and not chose one over the other.

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• How to concentrate on one project at a time. Divide and Conquer doesn't work for me [closed]

  - by refhat

  Possible Duplicate: Tips for staying focused and motivated on a project I have serious issues on concentrating on one project at a time. I cant even follow the Divide and Conquer Approach. Once I start a project, I try to get the things done as neatly as possible but very soon I end up messing so many components of it. I try to do divide and conquer, but my approach doesn't work smoothly, and then I then wonder here and there in other projects. Sometimes I try spending so many hours for some trivial issues, which in-fact are not even issues. How do I avoid this jargon and be a smooth developer and have a nice workflow around my projects. I tend to loose my concentration on the current project and wonder in another project.

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• Where can I safely learn about computer security?

  - by Ammar Ahmed

  I find it really hard to find resources about computer security. I asked questions on message boards about key loggers and viruses and I got negative assumption from people assuming the the worse. Also, I don't think that I can trust random message boards. I know that it is a broad topic, but are there any good websites that I can follow and learn from that are targeted to beginner with some samples? I am a developer (or at least want to be one) and I have a CS degree if that helps.

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• How can I become more agile?

  - by dough

  The definition of an agile approach I've adopted is: working to reduce feedback loops, everywhere. I'd describe my Personal Development Process (PDP) as "not very agile" or "not agile enough"! I've adopted TDD, automated building, and time-boxing (using the Pomodoro Technique) as part of my PDP. I find these practices really help me get feedback, review my direction, and catch yak shaving earlier! However, what still escapes me is the ability to reduce feedback time in the ultimate feedback loop; regularly getting working software in front of the end user. Aside from team-oriented practices, what can I do to personally become more agile?

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• Better Programming By Programming Better?

  - by ahmed

  I am not convinced by the idea that developers are either born with it or they are not. Where’s the empirical evidence to support these types of claims? Can a programmer move from say the 50th to 90th percentile? However, most developers are not in the 99th or even 90th percentile (by definition), and thus still have room for improvement in programming ability, along with the important skills.The belief in innate talent is “lacking in hard evidence to substantiate it” as well.So how do I reconcile these seemingly contradictory statements? I think the lesson for software developers who wish to keep on top of their game and become experts is to keep exercising the mind via effortful studying. I read a lot technical books, but many of them aren’t making me better as a developer.

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• Good ruby book with exercises? [closed]

  - by watabou

  I find that I learn the best with a book that has a number of exercises at the end of each chapters. A great example of this is C++ Primer Plus by Stephen Prata or Scientific Programming with Python or the Horstmann Java books. All of those books have a number of programming exercises at the end tailored to that specific chapter. I love the styles of those book and was wondering if there is anything similar for Ruby. I've extensively searched google for this and people have been suggesting different stuff like different websites like Ruby Koans and LRTHW but honestly, I've tried those and they aren't for me. I taught myself Python with the the Hard Way book and to be honest, it's not for me. Now, forgive me if I'm blunt but does anyone have a Ruby programming BOOK (i.e. not a website), that has EXERCISES in it? I do NOT want a website, unless the book is only or is freely available online by the author, similar to the Hard Way books. I would say that I'm a intermediate level programmer with only some Ruby experience but if you know of a beginner book on Ruby, that is fine too. Thanks in advance, I would really really appreciate the help.

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