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• How to control order of assignment for new identity column in SQL Server?

  - by alpav

  I have a table with CreateDate datetime field default(getdate()) that does not have any identity column. I would like to add identity(1,1) field that would reflect same order of existing records as CreateDate field (order by would give same results). How can I do that ? I guess if I create clustered key on CreateDate field and then add identity column it will work (not sure if it's guaranteed), is there a good/better way ? I am interested in SQL Server 2005, but I guess the answer will be the same for SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2000.

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• Where should the partitioning column go in the primary key on SQL Server?

  - by Bialecki

  Using SQL Server 2005 and 2008. I've got a potentially very large table (potentially hundreds of millions of rows) consisting of the following columns: CREATE TABLE ( date SMALLDATETIME, id BIGINT, value FLOAT ) which is being partitioned on column date in daily partitions. The question then is should the primary key be on date, id or value, id? I can imagine that SQL Server is smart enough to know that it's already partitioning on date and therefore, if I'm always querying for whole chunks of days, then I can have it second in the primary key. Or I can imagine that SQL Server will need that column to be first in the primary key to get the benefit of partitioning. Can anyone lend some insight into which way the table should be keyed?

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• Does anyone have a backup strategy for SQL Azure databases?

  - by Pete

  I'm using SQL Azure on a project and it works great. The problem is that the usual backup features do not exist. I have exported the database a couple of times using SQLAzureMW ( http://sqlazuremw.codeplex.com/ ) but this tool is now choking trying to download the database data with bcp. In any case, it's not as nice a solution as SQL Server backups. Is anyone aware of a commercial or open source tool, or other technique, for making reliable backups of SQL Azure databases? This is really a showstopper.

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• What is the Sql Server equivalent for Oracle's DBMS_ASSERT?

  - by dotNetYum

  DBMS_ASSERT is one of the keys to prevent SQL injection attacks in Oracle. I tried a cursory search...is there any SQL Server 2005/2008 equivalent for this functionality? I am looking for a specific implementation that has a counterpart of all the respective Oracle package members of DBMS_ASSERT. NOOP SIMPLE_SQL_NAME QUALIFIED_SQL_NAME SCHEMA_NAME I know the best-practices of preventing injection...bind variables...being one of them. But,in this question I am specifically looking for a good way to sanitize input...in scenarios where bind-variables were not used. Do you have any specific implemetations? Is there a library that actually is a SQL Server Port of the Oracle package?

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• OData.org updated, gives clues about future SQL Azure enhancements

  - by jamiet

  The OData website at http://www.odata.org/home has been updated today to provide a much more engaging page than the previous sterile attempt. Moreover its now chockful of information about the progress of OData including a blog, a list of products that produce OData feeds plus some live OData feeds that you can hit up today, a list of OData-compliant clients and an FAQ. Most interestingly SQL Azure is listed as a producer of OData feeds: If you have a SQL Azure database account you can easily expose an OData feed through a simple configuration portal. You can select authenticated or anonymous access and expose different OData views according to permissions granted to the specified SQL Azure database user. A preview of this upcoming SQL Azure service is available at https://www.sqlazurelabs.com/OData.aspx and it enables you to select one of your existing SQL Azure databases and, with a few clicks, turn it into an OData feed. It looks as though SQL Azure will soon be added to the stable of products that natively support OData, good news indeed. @Jamiet Related blog posts: OData gunning for ubiquity across Microsoft products Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• SQL Server 2008 R2 transactional replication over VPN

  - by enashnash

  I'm having difficulty setting up replication over a VPN. I have a SQL Server 2008 R2, Enterprise Edition database on a Windows 2008 R2 Server. SQL Server is running on a non-standard port. I have set it up so that it is acting as its own distributor and have configured a publisher on this server. It is set as an updatable transational publication (yes, this is necessary). On this server, I have Routing and Remote Access enabled in order to be able to establish VPN connections. It is configured with a static IP address pool, of which the first in the range is always assigned to the server. I have assigned a test user a static address within this range (I don't know if this is necessary or not). All clients will be 2008 R2 versions, but could be SQL Express or standalone developer instances of the full product. I can establish a VPN connection from the client without problems and can see that the correct IP addresses are allocated. After connecting to the database to test that I can establish a connection, I realised that I needed to be able to connect to the database using the server name rather than an IP address - required for replication - which wouldn't work initially. I created an entry in the hosts file for the server on the client using the NETBIOS name of the server, and now I can connect to the server, from the client, using the SERVER\INSTANCE, PORT syntax, over the VPN. As it is the default instance on the server, I can also connect with simply SERVER, PORT syntax. After all that, I still get the following dreaded error: SQL Server replication requires the actual server name to make a connection to the server. Connections through a server alias, IP address, or any other alternate name are not supported. Specify the actual server name, 'SERVER\INSTANCE'. (Replication.Utilities). What have I missed? How do I get this to work? TIA

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• SQL Server instance shuts down

  - by user42119

  I'm currently developing a new ASP.NET project hosted on a Windows Server 2008 RC2 with an SQL Server 2008 Express database. I have three SQL Server instances (for different purposes) running which currently all contain a single database. For apparently no reason, these instances tend to shut down after some days. There might be low or no traffic to these instances, because there might be some days in a row, where I can't develop. It now occurred several times, that one or two of these three instances just shut down, so that I can't access the database, without manually starting the instance. I can't seem to find a event log entry for the shutdown, which is most likely because I just enabled logging (why is the default setting off?). So the questions are: * Why does an SQL Server instance shut down? (Is there such a thing as a "Shut down instance after 3 days of inactivity"? * How can I achieve that the instances are running 24/7? Edit: I solved this problem by writing my own application that checks for the status of the SQL Server services. My program will start via a batch file, that gets called by the Windows Task Scheduler every 5 minutes.

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• linked-server sql - access

  - by user22121

  Hi, I have a SQL server 2000 and an Access database mdb connected by Linked server on the other hand I have a program in c # that updates data in a SQL table (Users) based data base access. When running my program returns the following error message: OLE DB provider 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0' reported an error. Authentication failed. [OLE / DB provider returned message: Can not start the application. Missing information file of the working group or is opened exclusively by another user.] OLE DB error trace [OLE / DB Provider 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0' IDBInitialize:: Initialize returned 0x80040E4D: Authentication failed.] . Both the program, the sql server and database access are on a remote server. On the local server the problem was solved by running the following: "sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ActSC', 'false', NULL, 'admin', NULL". Try on the remote server the next, without result: "sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ActSC', true, null, 'user', 'pass'". On the remote server and from the "Query Analyzer" sql update statements are working correctly. Can you think of what may be the problem? Thanks!

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• Problem During Installation SQL Server 2005 on Windows 7

  - by mlife

   Yesterday I was trying to install SQL Server 2005 on windows 7. During installation a popup error dialog shown with this message: The SQL Server service failed to start. For more information, see the SQL Server Books Online topics, "How to: View SQL Server 2005 Setup Log Files" and "Starting SQL Server Manually. Here is the captured screen: But in books online there was no useful information! After some hours googling, I did not found any useful information and at 3 o'clock of midnight, I was scratching my head! Believe it, I attempted to install SQL Server more than 15 times with different manners (with command prompt & parameters and else). Eventually I found the resource of problem, that was "BitDefender Internet Security 2010"! After uninstalling BitDefender Internet Security, I installed SQL Server 2005 and then reinstalled BitDefender. Just that! Problem resolved. Conclusion: After installing a new version of windows and it's requirements (like IIS and language specifications & else), first install the SQL Server and the Visual Studio and then other applications.Hope be helpful.  

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• Windows Azure Database (SQL Azure) Development Tip

  - by BuckWoody

  When you create something in the cloud, it's real, and you're charged for it. There are free offerings, and you even get free resources with your Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) subscription, but there are limits within those. Creating a 1 GB database - even with nothing in it - is a 1 GB Database. If you create it, drop it, and create it again 2 minutes later, that's 2 GB of space you've used for the month. Wait - how do I develop in this kind of situation? With Windows Azure, you can simply install the free Software Development Kit (SDK) and develop your entire application for free - you need never even log in to Windows Azure to code. Once you're done, you simply deploy the app and you start making money from the application as you're paying for it. Windows Azure Databases (The Artist Formerly Known As SQL Azure) is a bit different. It's not emulated in the SDK - because it doesn't have to be. It's just SQL Server, with some differences in feature set. To develop in this environment, you can use SQL Server, any edition. Be aware of the feature differences, of course, but just develop away - even in the free "Express" or LocalDB flavors - and then right-click in SQL Server Management Studio to script objects. Script the database, but change the "Advanced" selection to the Engine Type of "SQL Azure". Bing. Although most all T-SQL ports directly, one thing to keep in mind is that you need a Clustered Index on every table. Often the Primary Key (PK) is a good choice for that.

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• SQL Server 2008 Web VS SQL Server 2008 Enterprise

  - by Jeremy

  I wrote an application a few months ago, and was hosting it out of our offices on a workstation with an Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 @ 2.33GHz, 8 GB RAM, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and SQL Server 2008 Enterprise. Both the webserver and database server were run on the same machine. We had a huge influx in traffic, and moved ClubUptime.com, and got 2 of their top teir windows VMs. The Database server runs Windows 2008 R2 Standard and SQL Server 2008 R2 Web on 8 GB ram and an Intel Xeon e5620 @ 2.40GHz. Ever since switching, the database which used to run at around 400MB in RAM now runs at around 4-7GB, and there haven't been any changes to it (other than a couple columns here and there). Our traffic has quadrupled, and our DB is 6 GB on disk, why would SQL server take up 7 GB if the DB is only 6. And why would it be storing the ENTIRE database in memory? Another thing is why growing 4 times in size did the database's memory footprint grow 12 times? Last question: Why does the CPU peg at 100% now where it didn't before? The design is simple, VERY few joins, NO subqueries. I am just at a loss, unless it is the SQL server edition, or the fact that I moved from real hardware to a VM.

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• SSMS hanging without error when connecting to SQL

  - by Rob Farley

  Scary day for me last Thursday. I had gone up to Brisbane, and was due to speak at the Queensland SQL User Group on Thursday night. Unfortunately, disaster struck about an hour beforehand. Nothing to do with the recent floods (although we were meeting in a different location because of them). It was actually down to the fact that I’d been fiddling with my machine to get Virtual Server running on Windows 7, and SQL had finally picked up a setting from then. I could run Management Studio, but it couldn’t connect at all. No error, it just seemed to hang. One of the things you have to do to get Virtual Server installed is to tweak the Group Policy settings. I’d used gpupdate /force to get Windows to pick up the new setting, which allowed me to get Virtual Server running properly, but at the time, SQL was still using the previous settings. Finally when in Brisbane, my machine picked up the new settings, and caused me pain. Dan Benediktson describes the situation. If the SQL client picks up the wrong value out of the GetOverlappedResult API (which is required for various changes in Windows 7 behaviour), then Virtual Server can be installed, but SQL Server won’t allow connections. Yay. Luckily, it’s easy enough to change back using the Group Policy editor (gpedit.msc). Then restarting the machine (again!, as gpupdate /force didn’t cut it either, because SQL had already picked up the value), and finally I could reconnect. On Thursday I simply borrowed another machine for my talk. Today, one of my guys had seen and remembered Dan’s post. Thanks, both of you.

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• Connecting remotely to an SQL server inside a LAN

  - by vondip

  Hello everyone, I am using SQL server 2008 inside my home lan. I've configured it to accept remote connections and I can now connect to the server from other pcs inside the lan. The problems rises when I try connecting to the server from a computer outside of my home lan. I've disabled my router's firewall and I've configured a virtual server on port 1433 forwarding to the correct lan ip. What's wrong? why is it not working? Thank you very much for your help~! Edit: This is the error I keep getting: A network related or instance specific error occured while establishing connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that the SQL SERVER is configued to allow remote connections. (provider : Sql network interfaces, error: 25- Connection string is not valid) OK these are my router's details: edimax br-6204wg I am not sure how I am supposed to browse google.com. can you be a bit more specific?

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• SSMS hanging without error when connecting to SQL

  - by Rob Farley

  Scary day for me last Thursday. I had gone up to Brisbane, and was due to speak at the Queensland SQL User Group on Thursday night. Unfortunately, disaster struck about an hour beforehand. Nothing to do with the recent floods (although we were meeting in a different location because of them). It was actually down to the fact that I’d been fiddling with my machine to get Virtual Server running on Windows 7, and SQL had finally picked up a setting from then. I could run Management Studio, but it couldn’t connect at all. No error, it just seemed to hang. One of the things you have to do to get Virtual Server installed is to tweak the Group Policy settings. I’d used gpupdate /force to get Windows to pick up the new setting, which allowed me to get Virtual Server running properly, but at the time, SQL was still using the previous settings. Finally when in Brisbane, my machine picked up the new settings, and caused me pain. Dan Benediktson describes the situation. If the SQL client picks up the wrong value out of the GetOverlappedResult API (which is required for various changes in Windows 7 behaviour), then Virtual Server can be installed, but SQL Server won’t allow connections. Yay. Luckily, it’s easy enough to change back using the Group Policy editor (gpedit.msc). Then restarting the machine (again!, as gpupdate /force didn’t cut it either, because SQL had already picked up the value), and finally I could reconnect. On Thursday I simply borrowed another machine for my talk. Today, one of my guys had seen and remembered Dan’s post. Thanks, both of you.

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• SQL Server performance on VSphere 4.0

  - by Charles

  We are having a performance issue that we cannot explain with our VMWare environment and I am hoping someone here may be able to help. We have a web application that uses a databases backend. We have an SQL 2005 Cluster setup on Windows 2003 R2 between a physical node and a virtual node. Both physical servers are identical 2950's with 2x Xeaon x5460 Quad Core CPUs and 64GB of memory, 16GB allocated to the OS. We are utilizing an iSCSI San for all cluster disks. The problem is this, when utilizing the application under a repeated stress testing that adds CPUs to the cluster nodes, the Physical node scales from 1 pCPU to 8 pCPUs, meaning we see continued performance increases. When testing the node running Vsphere, we have the expected 12% performance hit for being virtual but we still scale from 1 vCPU to 4 vCPUs like the physical but beyond this performance drops off, by the time we get to 8 vCPUs we are seeing performance numbers worse than at 4 vCPUs. Again, both nodes are configured identically in terms of hardware, Guest OS, SQL Configurations etc and there is no traffic other than the testing on the system. There are no other VMs on the virtual server so there should be no competition for resources. We have contacted VMWare for help but they have not really been any suggesting things like setting SQL Processor Affinity which, while being helpful would have the same net effect on each box and should not change our results in the least. We have looked at all of VMWare's SQL Tuning guides with regards to VSphere with no benefit, please help!

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• Are programming languages pretty much "stable" for now?

  - by Sauron

  Recently i have looked at the "timeline" of Programming Languages and while a lot has changed in the past 5-10 years, there are a lot of languages that have pretty much "stayed" the same in their niche/use. For example, let's take C language. We don't really ever see much languages being developed (correct me if i'm wrong) to try to Unseat C. However, there are a lot of languages that try to do similar things (look at all the SQL/No-SQL languages) Scripting Languages, etc... Is there a reason for this trend? Or is it just because C was designed very well ? and there isn't really any need for new once?

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• SQL Server Subscriber Migration

  - by SuperCoolMoss

  We're currently have one way transaction replication from a SQL Server 2005 OLTP publisher/distrbituor to two subscribers (one SQL 2005 and the other SQL2008 R2). Replication security is via the SQL Agents' domain service account (the same account is used on all boxes). The SQL2008R2 subscriber is used for BI purposes and hosts a database that has a subset of the Production publisher database tables, with different security and indexes. We need to migrate this BI subscriber to a newer box with more performant hardware. The plan is as follows: Stop replicating to the BI box (continue replicating to the other subscriber). Backup all databases on the BI box (including system databases). Restore all databases (including master in single user mode) to the new BI box (this has SQL Server 2008R2 already installed). Take the old BI box off the network and shut it down. Rename and Re-IP the new BI box to be the same as the old box. Switch replication back on. Are there any flaws in this approach?

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• SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 3 won’t install.

  - by AngryHacker

  I am trying to install SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 3 and it keeps failing. Comes back with the following: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - Update 'Service Pack 3 for SQL Server Database Services 2005 ENU (KB955706)' could not be installed. Error code 1603. The detailed dump reveals the following: MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:776]: Note: 1: 1729 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:776]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:776]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:792]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Transforming table Error. MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Note: 1: 2262 2: Error 3: -2147287038 MSI (s) (90:C8) [13:50:17:807]: Product: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 -- Configuration failed. Does it mean anything to anybody? Btw, this Q originally came from SO (936895)

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• sql server 2005 instance unresponsive and all db's are 'in recovery'

  - by user44650

  we've got a sql server 2005 instance that one of our guys messed up, i believe they killed the sql server service and restarted the computer, and when it came back all of our databases are "in recovery" and it times out every time we try to connect to it. it's been 'in recovery'and unable to connect to 'msbd' (also in recovery) whenever we try to use SSMC, for the last 4 days now. i'm unsure how to use the DBCC CHECKDB command to check the db integrity. we have backups(which we can't recover from because it keeps timing out), and it's a testing server, so nothing in production is really lost. is there any way to get it out of recovery mode? we have another sqlserver instance running that's just fine, but this instance keeps timing out. the errors i keep seeing are database msdb is being recovered. wait until recovery is finished and an exception occurred while executing a transact-sql statement or batch Timeout expired. any thoughts? we don't really have a DBA here, or anyone with much sql experience.

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• SQL*Plus??? - ?????????1??????(????? ???Tips-1)

  - by Yuichi.Hayashi

  ??????????SQL*Plus????3?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????2??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????1????????????????????? ??1:SQL*Plus?-l?????????? ?????????????????SQL*Plus?-l???????????????? <-l ??????????????> $ sqlplus scott/cat SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on ? 12? 22 15:15:11 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied ??????????????: <-l ???????????????> $ sqlplus -l scott/cat SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on ? 12? 22 15:18:55 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied SP2-0751: Oracle????????????SQL*Plus??????? $ ????????-l??????????????????????????????????SQL*Plus?????????????????? ??2:/nolog??????????? ?????/nolog??????????????SQL???????connect???????????????????? connect????????????????????????exit??????????????????SQL??????SP2-0640: ??????????????????????? $ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on ? 12? 22 15:46:53 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL conn scott/cat ERROR: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied SQL select sysdate from dual; SP2-0640: ?????????? SQL SQL exit $ (Written by Hiroyuki Nakaie)

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• ????????????????????SQL??????·????4??????

  - by Yusuke.Yamamoto

  ?????SQL??????·????????4????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 1. ???????????????????????? ?:??????????? ?? WHERE???????????????????????? ?? ???OLTP??????????????????????????????????CPU????????????????SQL????????????????DB?????????????????????????? ??? ?????????SQL???????????????????????SQL???????????????????(JDBC????) setInt?setStgring ??????????????????????? ????????????OLTP????????DWH??????????????????????????????SQL???????SQL??????????????????????????????? 2. ??????????????????????????? ?:?????????????? ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????SQL?????? ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? 3. ????????????????? ?:???????????? ?? SQL?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????????????????????????????SQL???????????????????????????SQL?????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????“???SQL”??????????????????????????SQL????????????????????????????? ????SQL???????????“???SQL”?????????????????????SQL??????????????????????????? 4. ?????????????????????? ?:?????????????? ?? SQL?????????????? ?? ???????????????SQL?????????????????????????????????SQL?????????????????????????????????? SQL?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????/????????????????? SQL????????? ??? Part1&2 ???????????????????·??????|???????????

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• Mutating Programming Language?

  - by MattiasK

  For fun I was thinking about how one could build a programming language that differs from OOP and came up with this concept. I don't have a strong foundation in computer science so it might be common place without me knowing it (more likely it's just a stupid idea :) I apologize in advance for this somewhat rambling question :) Anyways here goes: In normal OOP methods and classes are variant only upon parameters, meaning if two different classes/methods call the same method they get the same output. My, perhaps crazy idea, is that the calling method and class could be an "invisible" part of it's signature and the response could vary depending on who call's an method. Say that we have a Window object with a Break() method, now anyone (who has access) could call this method on Window with the same result. Now say that we have two different objects, Hammer and SledgeHammer. If Break need to produce different results based on these we'd pass them as parameters Break(IBluntObject bluntObject) With a mutating programming language (mpl) the operating objects on the method would be visible to the Break Method without begin explicitly defined and it could adopt itself based on them). So if SledgeHammer calls Window.Break() it would generate vastly different results than if Hammer did so. If OOP classes are black boxes then MPL are black boxes that knows who's (trying) to push it's buttons and can adapt accordingly. You could also have different permission sets on methods depending who's calling them rather than having absolute permissions like public and private. Does this have any advantage over OOP? Or perhaps I should say, would it add anything to it since you should be able to simply add this aspect to methods (just give access to a CallingMethod and CallingClass variable in context) I'm not sure, might be to hard to wrap one's head around, it would be kinda interesting to have classes that adopted themselves to who uses them though. Still it's an interesting concept, what do you think, is it viable?

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• How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it

  - by Dave

  I am thorough with programming and have come across languages including BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Java, C++, C, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, Assembly and so on. I can't understand how people create programming languages and devise compilers for it. I also couldn't understand how people create OS like Windows, Mac, UNIX, DOS and so on. The other thing that is mysterious to me is how people create libraries like OpenGL, OpenCL, OpenCV, Cocoa, MFC and so on. The last thing I am unable to figure out is how scientists devise an assembly language and an assembler for a microprocessor. I would really like to learn all of these stuff and I am 15 years old. I always wanted to be a computer scientist someone like Babbage, Turing, Shannon, or Dennis Ritchie. I have already read Aho's Compiler Design and Tanenbaum's OS concepts book and they all only discuss concepts and code in a high level. They don't go into the details and nuances and how to devise a compiler or operating system. I want a concrete understanding so that I can create one myself and not just an understanding of what a thread, semaphore, process, or parsing is. I asked my brother about all this. He is a SB student in EECS at MIT and hasn't got a clue of how to actually create all these stuff in the real world. All he knows is just an understanding of Compiler Design and OS concepts like the ones that you guys have mentioned (i.e. like Thread, Synchronization, Concurrency, memory management, Lexical Analysis, Intermediate code generation and so on)

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• How to diagram custom programming languages, non textual?

  - by Adam

  I've used and created domain-specific languages before, plenty of times (e.g. using yacc/lex). Normally we'd start with grammar written in BNF, and a bunch of keywords. This is easy to do, easy to share. Recently, I've started working with diagrammatic programming languages - closest parallel is circuit-diagrams in electronics, where it's very difficult to express ideas in text, but very easy to express them in wiring-diagrams. This is a new and novel problem for me: how to efficiently express these mini-languages, and share concepts in them with colleagues? (i.e. how to whiteboard-program within them. Actual programming is easy - you have physical components to hand) Are there tools for this? Or good/best practices (e.g. equivalent of "always use BNF as starting point for your new DSL, and use tools like yacc to generate the parser, compiler, etc"). My googlefu is proving weak - all I get is false positives for wiring diagrams, and UML editors (since these are custom languages, UML doesn't seem to help)

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• How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it

  - by Dave

  I am thorough with programming and have come across languages including BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Java, C++, C, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, Ruby, Perl, Javascript, Assembly and so on. I can't understand how people create programming languages and devise compilers for it. I also couldn't understand how people create OS like Windows, Mac, UNIX, DOS and so on. The other thing that is mysterious to me is how people create libraries like OpenGL, OpenCL, OpenCV, Cocoa, MFC and so on. The last thing I am unable to figure out is how scientists devise an assembly language and an assembler for a microprocessor. I would really like to learn all of these stuff and I am 15 years old. I always wanted to be a computer scientist some one like Babbage, Turing, Shannon, or Dennis Ritchie. I have already read Aho's Compiler Design and Tanenbaum's OS concepts book and they all only discuss concepts and code in a high level. They don't go into the details and nuances and how to devise a compiler or operating system. I want a concrete understanding so that I can create one myself and not just an understanding of what a thread, semaphore, process, or parsing is. I asked my brother about all this. He is a SB student in EECS at MIT and hasn't got a clue of how to actually create all these stuff in the real world. All he knows is just an understanding of Compiler Design and OS concepts like the ones that you guys have mentioned (ie like Thread, Synchronisation, Concurrency, memory management, Lexical Analysis, Intermediate code generation and so on)

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