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  • Why do ICMP Redirct Host happen?

    - by El Barto
    I'm setting up a Debian box as a router for 4 subnets. For that I have defined 4 virtual interfaces on the NIC where the LAN is connected (eth1). eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6026521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35331299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:673201397 (642.0 MiB) TX bytes:177276932 (169.0 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.2.1 Bcast:10.1.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.3.1 Bcast:10.1.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.4.1 Bcast:10.1.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:199809345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:158362936 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3656983762 (3.4 GiB) TX bytes:1715848473 (1.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 inet addr:192.168.2.5 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:c872/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:110814 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:73386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16044901 (15.3 MiB) TX bytes:42125647 (40.1 MiB) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41358924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23116350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3065505744 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:1324358330 (1.2 GiB) I have two other computers connected to this network. One has IP 10.1.1.12 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0) and the other one 10.1.2.20 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). I want to be able to reach 10.1.1.12 from 10.1.2.20. Since packet forwarding is enabled in the router and the policy of the FORWARD chain is ACCEPT (and there are no other rules), I understand that there should be no problem to ping from 10.1.2.20 to 10.1.1.12 going through the router. However, this is what I get: $ ping -c15 10.1.1.12 PING 10.1.1.12 (10.1.1.12): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 81d4 0 0000 3f 01 e2b3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 899b 0 0000 3f 01 daec 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 78fe 0 0000 3f 01 eb89 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 14b8 0 0000 3f 01 4fd0 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 4 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 8ef7 0 0000 3f 01 d590 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 5 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 ec9d 0 0000 3f 01 77ea 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 6 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 70e6 0 0000 3f 01 f3a1 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 7 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 b0d2 0 0000 3f 01 b3b5 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 8 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 f8b4 0 0000 3f 01 6bd3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 9 Request timeout for icmp_seq 10 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 1c95 0 0000 3f 01 47f3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 11 Request timeout for icmp_seq 12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 13 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 62bc 0 0000 3f 01 01cc 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Why does this happen? From what I've read the Redirect Host response has something to do with the fact that the two hosts are in the same network and there being a shorter route (or so I understood). They are in fact in the same physical network, but why would there be a better route if they are not on the same subnet (they can't see each other)? What am I missing? Some extra info you might want to see: # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth3 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- !10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 MASQUERADE all -- 10.0.0.0/8 !10.0.0.0/8 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • How to set up linux watchdog daemon with Intel 6300esb

    - by ACiD GRiM
    I've been searching for this on Google for sometime now and I have yet to find proper documentation on how to connect the kernel driver for my 6300esb watchdog timer to /dev/watchdog and ensure that watchdog daemon is keeping it alive. I am using RHEL compatible Scientific Linux 6.3 in a KVM virtual machine by the way Below is everything I've tried so far: dmesg|grep 6300 i6300ESB timer: Intel 6300ESB WatchDog Timer Driver v0.04 i6300ESB timer: initialized (0xffffc900008b8000). heartbeat=30 sec (nowayout=0) | ll /dev/watchdog crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 130 Sep 22 22:25 /dev/watchdog | /etc/watchdog.conf #ping = 172.31.14.1 #ping = 172.26.1.255 #interface = eth0 file = /var/log/messages #change = 1407 # Uncomment to enable test. Setting one of these values to '0' disables it. # These values will hopefully never reboot your machine during normal use # (if your machine is really hung, the loadavg will go much higher than 25) max-load-1 = 24 max-load-5 = 18 max-load-15 = 12 # Note that this is the number of pages! # To get the real size, check how large the pagesize is on your machine. #min-memory = 1 #repair-binary = /usr/sbin/repair #test-binary = #test-timeout = watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog # Defaults compiled into the binary #temperature-device = #max-temperature = 120 # Defaults compiled into the binary #admin = root interval = 10 #logtick = 1 # This greatly decreases the chance that watchdog won't be scheduled before # your machine is really loaded realtime = yes priority = 1 # Check if syslogd is still running by enabling the following line #pidfile = /var/run/syslogd.pid Now maybe I'm not testing it correctly, but I would expecting that stopping the watchdog service would cause the /dev/watchdog to time out after 30 seconds and I should see the host reboot, however this does not happen. Also, here is my config for the KVM vm <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit sl6template or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>sl6template</name> <uuid>960d0ac2-2e6a-5efa-87a3-6bb779e15b6a</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>262144</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>262144</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'> <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model> <vendor>Intel</vendor> <feature policy='require' name='tm2'/> <feature policy='require' name='est'/> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds'/> <feature policy='require' name='smx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ss'/> <feature policy='require' name='vme'/> <feature policy='require' name='dtes64'/> <feature policy='require' name='rdtscp'/> <feature policy='require' name='ht'/> <feature policy='require' name='dca'/> <feature policy='require' name='pbe'/> <feature policy='require' name='tm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdcm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdpe1gb'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds_cpl'/> <feature policy='require' name='pclmuldq'/> <feature policy='require' name='xtpr'/> <feature policy='require' name='acpi'/> <feature policy='require' name='monitor'/> <feature policy='require' name='aes'/> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/mnt/data/vms/sl6template.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:44:57:f6'/> <source bridge='br0.2'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:88:0f:42'/> <source bridge='br1'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <watchdog model='i6300esb' action='reset'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </watchdog> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> Any help is appreciated as the most I've found are patches to kvm and general softdog documentation or IPMI watchdog answers.

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  • Why do ICMP Redirect Host happen?

    - by El Barto
    I'm setting up a Debian box as a router for 4 subnets. For that I have defined 4 virtual interfaces on the NIC where the LAN is connected (eth1). eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6026521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35331299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:673201397 (642.0 MiB) TX bytes:177276932 (169.0 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.2.1 Bcast:10.1.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.3.1 Bcast:10.1.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth1:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.4.1 Bcast:10.1.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:199809345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:158362936 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3656983762 (3.4 GiB) TX bytes:1715848473 (1.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 inet addr:192.168.2.5 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:c872/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:110814 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:73386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16044901 (15.3 MiB) TX bytes:42125647 (40.1 MiB) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22351 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:2625143 (2.5 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41358924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23116350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3065505744 (2.8 GiB) TX bytes:1324358330 (1.2 GiB) I have two other computers connected to this network. One has IP 10.1.1.12 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0) and the other one 10.1.2.20 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0). I want to be able to reach 10.1.1.12 from 10.1.2.20. Since packet forwarding is enabled in the router and the policy of the FORWARD chain is ACCEPT (and there are no other rules), I understand that there should be no problem to ping from 10.1.2.20 to 10.1.1.12 going through the router. However, this is what I get: $ ping -c15 10.1.1.12 PING 10.1.1.12 (10.1.1.12): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 81d4 0 0000 3f 01 e2b3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 899b 0 0000 3f 01 daec 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 78fe 0 0000 3f 01 eb89 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 14b8 0 0000 3f 01 4fd0 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 4 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 8ef7 0 0000 3f 01 d590 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 5 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 ec9d 0 0000 3f 01 77ea 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 6 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 70e6 0 0000 3f 01 f3a1 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 7 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 b0d2 0 0000 3f 01 b3b5 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 8 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 f8b4 0 0000 3f 01 6bd3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 9 Request timeout for icmp_seq 10 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 1c95 0 0000 3f 01 47f3 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 11 Request timeout for icmp_seq 12 Request timeout for icmp_seq 13 92 bytes from router2.mydomain.com (10.1.2.1): Redirect Host(New addr: 10.1.1.12) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 62bc 0 0000 3f 01 01cc 10.1.2.20 10.1.1.12 Why does this happen? From what I've read the Redirect Host response has something to do with the fact that the two hosts are in the same network and there being a shorter route (or so I understood). They are in fact in the same physical network, but why would there be a better route if they are not on the same subnet (they can't see each other)? What am I missing? Some extra info you might want to see: # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth3 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- !10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 MASQUERADE all -- 10.0.0.0/8 !10.0.0.0/8 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • How to improve Varnish performance?

    - by Darkseal
    We're experiencing a strange problem with our current Varnish configuration. 4x Web Servers (IIS 6.5 on Windows 2003 Server, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) 3x Varnish Servers (varnish-3.0.3 revision 9e6a70f on Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS - 64 bit/precise, Kernel Linux 3.2.0-29-generic, each installed on a Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5450 @ 3.00GHz Quad Core, 4GB RAM) The Varnish Servers performance are awfully bad in general, to the point that if we shut down one of them the other two are unable to fullfill all the requests and start to skip beats resulting in pending requests, timeouts, 404, etc. What can we do to improve our Varnish performance? Considering that we're getting less than 5k request per seconds during our max peak, we should be able to serve our pages even with a single one of them without any problem. We use a standard, vanilla CFG, as shown by this varnishadm param.show output: acceptor_sleep_decay 0.900000 [] acceptor_sleep_incr 0.001000 [s] acceptor_sleep_max 0.050000 [s] auto_restart on [bool] ban_dups on [bool] ban_lurker_sleep 0.010000 [s] between_bytes_timeout 60.000000 [s] cc_command "exec gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 -pthread -fpic -shared - Wl,-x -o %o %s" cli_buffer 8192 [bytes] cli_timeout 20 [seconds] clock_skew 10 [s] connect_timeout 0.700000 [s] critbit_cooloff 180.000000 [s] default_grace 10.000000 [seconds] default_keep 0.000000 [seconds] default_ttl 120.000000 [seconds] diag_bitmap 0x0 [bitmap] esi_syntax 0 [bitmap] expiry_sleep 1.000000 [seconds] fetch_chunksize 128 [kilobytes] fetch_maxchunksize 262144 [kilobytes] first_byte_timeout 60.000000 [s] group varnish (113) gzip_level 6 [] gzip_memlevel 8 [] gzip_stack_buffer 32768 [Bytes] gzip_tmp_space 0 [] gzip_window 15 [] http_gzip_support off [bool] http_max_hdr 64 [header lines] http_range_support on [bool] http_req_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_req_size 32768 [bytes] http_resp_hdr_len 8192 [bytes] http_resp_size 32768 [bytes] idle_send_timeout 60 [seconds] listen_address :80 listen_depth 1024 [connections] log_hashstring on [bool] log_local_address off [bool] lru_interval 2 [seconds] max_esi_depth 5 [levels] max_restarts 4 [restarts] nuke_limit 50 [allocations] pcre_match_limit 10000 [] pcre_match_limit_recursion 10000 [] ping_interval 3 [seconds] pipe_timeout 60 [seconds] prefer_ipv6 off [bool] queue_max 100 [%] rush_exponent 3 [requests per request] saintmode_threshold 10 [objects] send_timeout 600 [seconds] sess_timeout 5 [seconds] sess_workspace 16384 [bytes] session_linger 50 [ms] session_max 100000 [sessions] shm_reclen 255 [bytes] shm_workspace 8192 [bytes] shortlived 10.000000 [s] syslog_cli_traffic on [bool] thread_pool_add_delay 2 [milliseconds] thread_pool_add_threshold 2 [requests] thread_pool_fail_delay 200 [milliseconds] thread_pool_max 2000 [threads] thread_pool_min 5 [threads] thread_pool_purge_delay 1000 [milliseconds] thread_pool_stack unlimited [bytes] thread_pool_timeout 300 [seconds] thread_pool_workspace 65536 [bytes] thread_pools 2 [pools] thread_stats_rate 10 [requests] user varnish (106) vcc_err_unref on [bool] vcl_dir /etc/varnish vcl_trace off [bool] vmod_dir /usr/lib/varnish/vmods waiter default (epoll, poll) This is our default.vcl file: LINK sub vcl_recv { # BASIC recv COMMANDS: # # lookup -> search the item in the cache # pass -> always serve a fresh item (no-caching) # pipe -> like pass but ensures a direct-connection with the backend (no-cache AND no-proxy) # Allow the backend to serve up stale content if it is responding slow. # This defines when Varnish should use a stale object if it has one in the cache. set req.grace = 30s; if (client.ip == "127.0.0.1") { # request from NGINX - do not alter X-Forwarded-For set req.http.HTTPS = "on"; } else { # Add an X-Forwarded-For to keep track of original request unset req.http.HTTPS; unset req.http.X-Forwarded-For; set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } set req.backend = www_director; # Strip all cookies to force an anonymous request when the back-end servers are down. if (!req.backend.healthy) { unset req.http.Cookie; } ## HHTP Accept-Encoding if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { unset req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { /* non-RFC2616 or CONNECT */ return (pipe); } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { /* only deal with GET and HEAD by default */ return (pass); } if (req.http.Authorization) { return (pass); } if (req.http.HTTPS ~ "on") { return (pass); } ###################################################### # COOKIE HANDLING ###################################################### # METHOD 1: do not remove cookies, but pass the page if they contain TB_NC if (!(req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$")) { if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { return (pass); } } return (lookup); } # Code determining what to do when serving items from the IIS Server sub vcl_fetch { unset beresp.http.Server; set beresp.http.Server = "Server-1"; # Allow items to be stale if needed. This is the maximum time Varnish should keep an object. set beresp.grace = 1h; if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.(png|gif|ipeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(\?[a-z0-9]+)?$") { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } # Default Varnish VCL logic if (!beresp.cacheable || beresp.ttl <= 0s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") { set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has specific TB_NC no-caching cookie if (req.http.Cookie && req.http.Cookie ~ "TB_NC") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Got Cookie"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control private else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "private") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=private"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # Not Cacheable if it has Cache-Control no-cache or Pragma no-cache else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Pragma ~ "no-cache") { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "NO:Cache-Control=no-cache (or pragma no-cache)"; set beresp.ttl = 120 s; return(hit_for_pass); } # If we reach to this point, the object is cacheable. # Cacheable but with not enough ttl: we need to extend the lifetime of the object artificially # NOTE: Varnish default TTL is set in /etc/sysconfig/varnish # and can be checked using the following command: # varnishadm param.show default_ttl else if (beresp.ttl < 1s) { set beresp.ttl = 5s; set beresp.grace = 5s; set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES:FORCED"; } # Cacheable and with valid TTL. else { set beresp.http.X-Cacheable = "YES"; } # DEBUG INFO (Cookies) # set beresp.http.X-Cookie-Debug = "Request cookie: " + req.http.Cookie; return(deliver); } sub vcl_error { set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"; if (obj.status == 404) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 404 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 500) { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 500 page goes here --> "}; } else if (obj.status == 503) { if (req.restarts < 4) { return(restart); } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for the 503 page goes here --> "}; } } else { synthetic {" <!-- Markup for a generic error page goes here --> "}; } } sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS"; } } Thanks in advance,

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  • Error 5 partition table invalid or corrupt

    - by Clodoaldo
    I'm trying to add a second SSD to a Centos 6 system. But I get the Error 5 partition table invalid or corrupt at boot. The system already has a single SSD (sdb) and a pair of HDDs (sd{a,c}) in a RAID 1 array from where it boots. It is as if the new SSD assumes one of the devices of the RAID array. Is it? How to avoid that or rearrange the setup? # cat fstab UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=86fd06e9-cdc9-4166-ba9f-c237cfc43e02 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=72552a7a-d8ae-4f0a-8917-b75a6239ce9f /ssd ext4 discard,relatime 1 2 UUID=8000e5e6-caa2-4765-94f8-9caeb2bda26e swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # ll /dev/disk/by-id/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:0 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:1 -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:2 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a04d7241:8da6023e:f9004352:107a923a -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7 -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6-part1 -> ../../sdb1 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x79298ec9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14594 117219328 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d99de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b3327 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 10.5 GB, 10484641792 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 2559727 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 489.1 GB, 489095557120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 119408095 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 524 MB, 524275712 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 127997 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /etc/grub.conf default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd2,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd2,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca rd_MD_UUID=f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 rd_MD_UUID=a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=br-abnt2 crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.img

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  • Error 22 no such partition on adding a SSD

    - by Clodoaldo
    I'm trying to add a second SSD to a Centos 6 system. But I get the error 22 no such partition at boot. The system already has a single SSD (sdb) and a pair of HDDs (sd{a,c}) in a RAID 1 array from where it boots. It is as if the new SSD assumes one of the devices of the RAID array. Is it? How to avoid that or rearrange the setup? # cat fstab UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=86fd06e9-cdc9-4166-ba9f-c237cfc43e02 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=72552a7a-d8ae-4f0a-8917-b75a6239ce9f /ssd ext4 discard,relatime 1 2 UUID=8000e5e6-caa2-4765-94f8-9caeb2bda26e swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # ll /dev/disk/by-id/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 ata-ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:0 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:1 -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-name-localhost.localdomain:2 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a04d7241:8da6023e:f9004352:107a923a -> ../../md1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 -> ../../md0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 md-uuid-f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 -> ../../md2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_OCZ-VERTEX3_OCZ-43DSRFTNCLE9ZJXX-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMT49E3-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 scsi-SATA_ST3500413AS_5VMTJNAJ-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part2 -> ../../sdc2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c500383621ff-part3 -> ../../sdc3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7 -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5000c5003838b2e7-part3 -> ../../sda3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Jun 15 23:50 wwn-0x5e83a97f592139d6-part1 -> ../../sdb1 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x79298ec9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 14594 117219328 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d99de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b3327 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1275 10240000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 * 1275 1339 512000 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 1339 60802 477633536 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 10.5 GB, 10484641792 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 2559727 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 489.1 GB, 489095557120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 119408095 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 524 MB, 524275712 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 127997 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /etc/grub.conf default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd2,1)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64) root (hd2,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=967b4035-782d-4c66-b22f-50244fe970ca rd_MD_UUID=f403a2d0:447803b5:66edba73:569f8305 rd_MD_UUID=a22c43b9:f1954990:d3ddda5e:f9aff3c9 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=br-abnt2 crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-220.17.1.el6.x86_64.img

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  • Linux server is only using 60% of memory, then swapping

    - by Kamil Kisiel
    I've got a Linux server that's running our bacula backup system. The machine is grinding like mad because it's going heavy in to swap. The problem is, it's only using 60% of its physical memory! Here's the output from free -m: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3949 2356 1593 0 0 1 -/+ buffers/cache: 2354 1595 Swap: 7629 1804 5824 and some sample output from vmstat 1: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 1843536 1634512 0 4188 54 13 2524 666 2 1 1 1 89 9 0 1 11 1845916 1640724 0 388 2700 4816 221880 4879 14409 170721 4 3 63 30 0 0 9 1846096 1643952 0 0 4956 756 174832 804 12357 159306 3 4 63 30 0 0 11 1846104 1643532 0 0 4916 540 174320 580 10609 139960 3 4 64 29 0 0 4 1846084 1640272 0 2336 4080 524 140408 548 9331 118287 3 4 63 30 0 0 8 1846104 1642096 0 1488 2940 432 102516 457 7023 82230 2 4 65 29 0 0 5 1846104 1642268 0 1276 3704 452 126520 452 9494 119612 3 5 65 27 0 3 12 1846104 1641528 0 328 6092 608 187776 636 8269 113059 4 3 64 29 0 2 2 1846084 1640960 0 724 5948 0 111480 0 7751 116370 4 4 63 29 0 0 4 1846100 1641484 0 404 4144 1476 125760 1500 10668 105358 2 3 71 25 0 0 13 1846104 1641932 0 0 5872 828 153808 840 10518 128447 3 4 70 22 0 0 8 1846096 1639172 0 3164 3556 556 74884 580 5082 65362 2 2 73 23 0 1 4 1846080 1638676 0 396 4512 28 50928 44 2672 38277 2 2 80 16 0 0 3 1846080 1628808 0 7132 2636 0 28004 8 1358 14090 0 1 78 20 0 0 2 1844728 1618552 0 11140 7680 0 12740 8 763 2245 0 0 82 18 0 0 2 1837764 1532056 0 101504 2952 0 95644 24 802 3817 0 1 87 12 0 0 11 1842092 1633324 0 4416 1748 10900 143144 11024 6279 134442 3 3 70 24 0 2 6 1846104 1642756 0 0 4768 468 78752 468 4672 60141 2 2 76 20 0 1 12 1846104 1640792 0 236 4752 440 140712 464 7614 99593 3 5 58 34 0 0 3 1846084 1630368 0 6316 5104 0 20336 0 1703 22424 1 1 72 26 0 2 17 1846104 1638332 0 3168 4080 1720 211960 1744 11977 155886 3 4 65 28 0 1 10 1846104 1640800 0 132 4488 556 126016 584 8016 106368 3 4 63 29 0 0 14 1846104 1639740 0 2248 3436 428 114188 452 7030 92418 3 3 59 35 0 1 6 1846096 1639504 0 1932 5500 436 141412 460 8261 112210 4 4 63 29 0 0 10 1846104 1640164 0 3052 4028 448 147684 472 7366 109554 4 4 61 30 0 0 10 1846100 1641040 0 2332 4952 632 147452 664 8767 118384 3 4 63 30 0 4 8 1846084 1641092 0 664 4948 276 152264 292 6448 98813 5 5 62 28 0 Furthermore, the output of top sorted by CPU time seems to support the theory that swap is what's bogging down the system: top - 09:05:32 up 37 days, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 9.75, 8.24, 7.12 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 20.6%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2405628k used, 1639004k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1851852k used, 5960640k free, 436k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 4174 root 17 0 63156 176 56 S 8 0.0 2138:52 35,38 bacula-fd 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 6 0.0 1709:25 28,29 bacula-sd 240 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 831:55.19 831:55 kswapd0 2852 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 126:35.59 126:35 xfsbufd 2849 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 119:50.94 119:50 xfsbufd 1364 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 117:05.39 117:05 xfsbufd 21 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 48:03.44 48:03 events/3 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 8 8 S 0 0.0 46:50.35 46:50 postmaster 1342 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 23:14.34 23:14 xfsdatad/4 5415 root 17 0 1770m 108 48 S 0 0.0 15:03.74 15:03 bacula-dir 23 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 13:09.71 13:09 events/5 5604 root 17 0 1216m 500 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.20 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 580 248 S 0 0.0 11:58.00 11:58 java Here's the same sorted by virtual memory image size: top - 09:08:32 up 37 days, 23:27, 1 user, load average: 8.43, 8.26, 7.32 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.6%us, 3.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 62.2%id, 30.2%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2404212k used, 1640420k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1852548k used, 5959944k free, 100k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 5415 root 17 0 1770m 56 44 S 0 0.0 15:03.78 15:03 bacula-dir 5604 root 17 0 1216m 492 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.30 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 476 200 S 0 0.0 11:58.20 11:58 java 4598 root 16 0 117m 44 44 S 0 0.0 0:13.37 0:13 eventmond 9614 gdm 16 0 93188 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdmgreeter 5527 root 17 0 78716 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdm 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 20 0.0 1709:52 28,29 bacula-sd 4174 root 17 0 63156 208 88 S 24 0.0 2139:25 35,39 bacula-fd 10849 postgres 18 0 54740 216 108 D 0 0.0 0:31.40 0:31 postmaster 6661 postgres 17 0 49432 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.50 0:03 postmaster 5507 root 15 0 47980 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 0:00 gdm 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 16 16 S 0 0.0 46:51.39 46:51 postmaster 5304 postgres 16 0 40580 132 88 S 0 0.0 6:21.79 6:21 postmaster 5301 postgres 17 0 40448 24 24 S 0 0.0 0:32.17 0:32 postmaster 11280 root 16 0 40288 28 28 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 0:00 sshd 5534 root 17 0 37580 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:56.18 0:56 X 30870 root 30 15 31668 28 28 S 0 0.0 1:13.38 1:13 snmpd 5305 postgres 17 0 30628 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:11.60 0:11 postmaster 27403 postfix 17 0 30248 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.76 0:02 qmgr 10815 postfix 15 0 30208 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 0:00 pickup 5306 postgres 16 0 29760 20 20 S 0 0.0 0:52.89 0:52 postmaster 5302 postgres 17 0 29628 64 32 S 0 0.0 1:00.64 1:00 postmaster I've tried tuning the swappiness kernel parameter to both high and low values, but nothing appears to change the behavior here. I'm at a loss to figure out what's going on. How can I find out what's causing this? Update: The system is a fully 64-bit system, so there should be no question of memory limitations due to 32-bit issues. Update2: As I mentioned in the original question, I've already tried tuning swappiness to all sorts of values, including 0. The result is always the same, with approximately 1.6 GB of memory remaining unused. Update3: Added top output to the above info.

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  • C# SOCKS proxy service for HTTP requests

    - by Ed
    I'm trying to build a service that will forward HTTP requests from agents like a browser to the Tor service. Problem is, the Tor service only accepts SOCKS4a connections. So my solution is to listen for HTTP requests, get the URL they're requesting, and make a request via Tor with the help of the Starksoft.Net.Proxy library. Then return the response. The library kind of works, but I'm not happy. It returns HTTP headers with the response and it can't handle images. So the responses are messed up. How could I improve my code? I'm very new to network programming. Sorry for the long example. public AnonymiserService(ILogger logger) { try { _logger = logger; _logger.Log("Listening on port {0}...", Properties.Settings.Default.ListeningPort); StartListener(new string[] { string.Format("http://*:{0}/", Properties.Settings.Default.ListeningPort) }); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError("Exception!", ex); } } private void StartListener(string[] prefixes) { if (!HttpListener.IsSupported) { _logger.LogError("HttpListener isn't supported on this machine!"); return; } HttpListener listener = new HttpListener(); foreach (string s in prefixes) listener.Prefixes.Add(s); while (true) { listener.Start(); IAsyncResult result = listener.BeginGetContext(new AsyncCallback(ListenerCallback), listener); result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); } } private void ListenerCallback(IAsyncResult result) { try { // Get HTTP request HttpListener listener = (HttpListener)result.AsyncState; HttpListenerContext context = listener.EndGetContext(result); _logger.Log("Retrieving [{0}]", context.Request.RawUrl); // Create connection // Use Tor as proxy IProxyClient proxyClient = new Socks4aProxyClient("localhost", 9050); TcpClient tcpClient = proxyClient.CreateConnection(context.Request.UserHostName, 80); // Create message // Need to set Connection: close to close the connection as soon as it's done byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(String.Format("GET {0} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {1}\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n", context.Request.Url.PathAndQuery, context.Request.UserHostName)); // Send message NetworkStream ns = tcpClient.GetStream(); ns.Write(data, 0, data.Length); // Pass on HTTP response HttpListenerResponse responseOut = context.Response; if (ns.CanRead) { byte[] buffer = new byte[32768]; int read = 0; string responseString = string.Empty; // Read response while ((read = ns.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) { responseString += Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, read); } // Remove headers if (responseString.IndexOf("HTTP/1.1 200 OK") > -1) responseString = responseString.Substring(responseString.IndexOf("\r\n\r\n")); // Forward response byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseString); responseOut.OutputStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length); } // Close streams responseOut.OutputStream.Close(); ns.Close(); // Close connection tcpClient.Close(); _logger.Log("Retrieved [{0}]", context.Request.RawUrl); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError("Exception in ListenerCallback!", ex); } }

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  • create fixed length flat file with Java

    - by Leslie
    I have a process that currently runs in a Delphi application that I wrote and I need to convert it to a Java process that will run on our web application. Basically our State Financial (legacy) system requires this file in a specific output. In Delphi it is like this: procedure CreateSHAREJournalFile(AppDate : string; ClassCode : string; BudgetRef : String; AccountNumber : string; FYEStep : integer); var GLFileInfo : TStrings; MPayFormat, HPayFormat, TPayFormat : string;<br> const<br> //this is the fixed length format for each item in the file<br> HeaderFormat = '%-1s%-5s%-10s%-8s%-12s%-10s%-21s%-3s%-71s%-3s%-20s%-1s';<br> DetailFormat = '%-1s%-5s%-9s%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s%-8s%-6s%-5s%-5s%-5s%-8s%-25s%-10s%-60s%-28s%-66s%-28s';<br> begin<br> try<br>//get the data from the query<br> with dmJMS.qryShare do<br> begin<br> SQL.Clear;<br> SQL.Add('SELECT SUM(TOTHRPAY) As HourPay, SUM(TOTMLPAY) As MilePay, SUM(TOTALPAY) AS TotalPay FROM JMPCHECK INNER JOIN JMPMAIN ON JMPCHECK.JURNUM = JMPMAIN.JURNUM WHERE PANELID LIKE ''' + Copy(AppDate, 3, 6) + '%'' ');<br> if FYEStep > -1 then<br> SQL.Add('AND WARRANTNO = ' + QUotedStr(IntToStr(FYEStep)));<br> Active := True;<br> //assign totals to variables so they can be padded with leading zeros<br> MPayFormat := FieldByName('MilePay').AsString;<br> while length(MPayFormat) < 28 do <br>MPayFormat := '0' + MPayFormat;<br> HPayFormat := FieldByName('HourPay').AsString;<br> while length(HPayFormat) < 28 do <br>HPayFormat := '0' + HPayFormat;<br> TPayFormat := Format('%f' ,[(FieldByName('TotalPay').AsCurrency)]);<br> while length(TPayFormat) < 27 do<br> TPayFormat := '0' + TPayFormat;<br> TPayFormat := '-' + TPayFormat;<br> //create a TStringlist to put each line item into<br> GLFileInfo := TStringList.Create;<br> //add header info using HeaderFormat defined above<br> GLFileInfo.Add(Format(HeaderFormat, ['H', '21801', 'NEXT', FormatDateTime('MMDDYYYY', Today), '', 'ACTUALS', '', 'EXT', '', 'EXT', '', 'N']));<br> //add detail info using DetailFormat defined above<br> GLFileInfo.Add(Format(DetailFormat, ['L', '21801', '1', 'ACTUALS', AccountNumber, '', '1414000000', '111500', '', '01200', ClassCode, '', BudgetRef, '', AccountNumber + '0300', '', MPayFormat, '', MPayFormat]));<br> GLFileInfo.Add(Format(DetailFormat, ['L', '21801', '2', 'ACTUALS', AccountNumber, '', '1414000000', '111500', '', '01200', ClassCode, '', BudgetRef, '', AccountNumber + '0100', '', HPayFormat, '', HPayFormat]));<br> GLFileInfo.Add(Format(DetailFormat, ['L', '21801', '3', 'ACTUALS', '101900', '', '1414000000', '111500', '', '01200', ClassCode, '', BudgetRef, '', '', '', TPayFormat, '', TPayFormat]));<br> //save TStringList to text file<br> GLFileINfo.SaveToFile(ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName) + 'FileTransfer\GL_' + formatdateTime('mmddyy', Today) + SequenceID + '24400' + '.txt');<br> end;<br> finally<br> GLFileINfo.Free;<br> end; end; is there an equivalent in Java for the Format option? Or the TStringList that saves to a text file? Thanks for any information....haven't done a lot of Java programming! Leslie

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  • Paying great programmers more than average programmers

    - by Kelly French
    It's fairly well recognized that some programmers are up to 10 times more productive than others. Joel mentions this topic on his blog. There is a whole blog devoted to the idea of the "10x productive programmer". In years since the original study, the general finding that "There are order-of-magnitude differences among programmers" has been confirmed by many other studies of professional programmers (Curtis 1981, Mills 1983, DeMarco and Lister 1985, Curtis et al. 1986, Card 1987, Boehm and Papaccio 1988, Valett and McGarry 1989, Boehm et al 2000). Fred Brooks mentions the wide range in the quality of designers in his "No Silver Bullet" article, The differences are not minor--they are rather like the differences between Salieri and Mozart. Study after study shows that the very best designers produce structures that are faster, smaller, simpler, cleaner, and produced with less effort. The differences between the great and the average approach an order of magnitude. The study that Brooks cites is: H. Sackman, W.J. Erikson, and E.E. Grant, "Exploratory Experimental Studies Comparing Online and Offline Programming Performance," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 11, No. 1 (January 1968), pp. 3-11. The way programmers are paid by employers these days makes it almost impossible to pay the great programmers a large multiple of what the entry-level salary is. When the starting salary for a just-graduated entry-level programmer, we'll call him Asok (From Dilbert), is $40K, even if the top programmer, we'll call him Linus, makes $120K that is only a multiple of 3. I'd be willing to be that Linus does much more than 3 times what Asok does, so why wouldn't we expect him to get paid more as well? Here is a quote from Stroustrup: "The companies are complaining because they are hurting. They can't produce quality products as cheaply, as reliably, and as quickly as they would like. They correctly see a shortage of good developers as a part of the problem. What they generally don't see is that inserting a good developer into a culture designed to constrain semi-skilled programmers from doing harm is pointless because the rules/culture will constrain the new developer from doing anything significantly new and better." This leads to two questions. I'm excluding self-employed programmers and contractors. If you disagree that's fine but please include your rationale. It might be that the self-employed or contract programmers are where you find the top-10 earners, but please provide a explanation/story/rationale along with any anecdotes. [EDIT] I thought up some other areas in which talent/ability affects pay. Financial traders (commodities, stock, derivatives, etc.) designers (fashion, interior decorators, architects, etc.) professionals (doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.) sales Questions: Why aren't the top 1% of programmers paid like A-list movie stars? What would the industry be like if we did pay the "Smart and gets things done" programmers 6, 8, or 10 times what an intern makes? [Footnote: I posted this question after submitting it to the Stackoverflow podcast. It was included in episode 77 and I've written more about it as a Codewright's Tale post 'Of Rockstars and Bricklayers'] Epilogue: It's probably unfair to exclude contractors and the self-employed. One aspect of the highest earners in other fields is that they are free-agents. The competition for their skills is what drives up their earning power. This means they can not be interchangeable or otherwise treated as a plug-and-play resource. I liked the example in one answer of a major league baseball team trying to field two first-basemen. Also, something that Joel mentioned in the Stackoverflow podcast (#77). There are natural dynamics to shrink any extreme performance/pay ranges between the highs and lows. One is the peer pressure of organizations to pay within a given range, another is the likelyhood that the high performer will realize their undercompensation and seek greener pastures.

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  • Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL on Linux (Kubuntu)

    - by Dave Jarvis
    A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... Trying to migrate a database from MySQL to PostgreSQL. All the documentation I have read covers, in great detail, how to migrate the structure. I have found very little documentation on migrating the data. The schema has 13 tables (which have been migrated successfully) and 9 GB of data. MySQL version: 5.1.x PostgreSQL version: 8.4.x I want to use the R programming language to analyze the data using SQL select statements; PostgreSQL has PL/R, but MySQL has nothing (as far as I can tell). A New Hope Create the database location (/var has insufficient space; also dislike having the PostgreSQL version number everywhere -- upgrading would break scripts!): sudo mkdir -p /home/postgres/main sudo cp -Rp /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /home/postgres sudo chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgres sudo chmod -R 700 /home/postgres sudo usermod -d /home/postgres/ postgres All good to here. Next, restart the server and configure the database using these installation instructions: sudo apt-get install postgresql pgadmin3 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 stop sudo vi /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf Change data_directory to /home/postgres/main sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 start sudo -u postgres psql postgres \password postgres sudo -u postgres createdb climate pgadmin3 Use pgadmin3 to configure the database and create a schema. The episode continues in a remote shell known as bash, with both databases running, and the installation of a set of tools with a rather unusual logo: SQL Fairy. perl Makefile.PL sudo make install sudo apt-get install perl-doc (strangely, it is not called perldoc) perldoc SQL::Translator::Manual Extract a PostgreSQL-friendly DDL and all the MySQL data: sqlt -f DBI --dsn dbi:mysql:climate --db-user user --db-password password -t PostgreSQL > climate-pg-ddl.sql mysqldump --skip-add-locks --complete-insert --no-create-db --no-create-info --quick --result-file="climate-my.sql" --databases climate --skip-comments -u root -p The Database Strikes Back Recreate the structure in PostgreSQL as follows: pgadmin3 (switch to it) Click the Execute arbitrary SQL queries icon Open climate-pg-ddl.sql Search for TABLE " replace with TABLE climate." (insert the schema name climate) Search for on " replace with on climate." (insert the schema name climate) Press F5 to execute This results in: Query returned successfully with no result in 122 ms. Replies of the Jedi At this point I am stumped. Where do I go from here (what are the steps) to convert climate-my.sql to climate-pg.sql so that they can be executed against PostgreSQL? How to I make sure the indexes are copied over correctly (to maintain referential integrity; I don't have constraints at the moment to ease the transition)? How do I ensure that adding new rows in PostgreSQL will start enumerating from the index of the last row inserted (and not conflict with an existing primary key from the sequence)? How do you ensure the schema name comes through when transforming the data from MySQL to PostgreSQL inserts? Resources A fair bit of information was needed to get this far: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/site-mysql-postgresql-1 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Converting_from_other_Databases_to_PostgreSQL#MySQL http://pgfoundry.org/frs/shownotes.php?release_id=810 http://sqlfairy.sourceforge.net/ Thank you!

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  • backtracking in haskell

    - by dmindreader
    I have to traverse a matrix and say how many "characteristic areas" of each type it has. A characteristic area is defined as a zone where elements of value n or n are adjacent. For example, given the matrix: 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 0 0 There's a single characteristic area of type 1 which is equal to the original matrix: 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 0 0 There are two characteristic areas of type 2: 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 And one characteristic area of type 3: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 So, for the function call: countAreas [[0,1,2,2],[0,1,1,2],[0,3,0,0]] The result should be [1,2,1] I haven't defined countAreas yet, I'm stuck with my visit function when it has no more possible squares in which to move it gets stuck and doesn't make the proper recursive call. I'm new to functional programming and I'm still scratching my head about how to implement a backtracking algorithm here. Take a look at my code, what can I do to change it? move_right :: (Int,Int) -> [[Int]] -> Int -> Bool move_right (i,j) mat cond | (j + 1) < number_of_columns mat && consult (i,j+1) mat /= cond = True | otherwise = False move_left :: (Int,Int) -> [[Int]] -> Int -> Bool move_left (i,j) mat cond | (j - 1) >= 0 && consult (i,j-1) mat /= cond = True | otherwise = False move_up :: (Int,Int) -> [[Int]] -> Int -> Bool move_up (i,j) mat cond | (i - 1) >= 0 && consult (i-1,j) mat /= cond = True | otherwise = False move_down :: (Int,Int) -> [[Int]] -> Int -> Bool move_down (i,j) mat cond | (i + 1) < number_of_rows mat && consult (i+1,j) mat /= cond = True | otherwise = False imp :: (Int,Int) -> Int imp (i,j) = i number_of_rows :: [[Int]] -> Int number_of_rows i = length i number_of_columns :: [[Int]] -> Int number_of_columns (x:xs) = length x consult :: (Int,Int) -> [[Int]] -> Int consult (i,j) l = (l !! i) !! j visited :: (Int,Int) -> [(Int,Int)] -> Bool visited x y = elem x y add :: (Int,Int) -> [(Int,Int)] -> [(Int,Int)] add x y = x:y visit :: (Int,Int) -> [(Int,Int)] -> [[Int]] -> Int -> [(Int,Int)] visit (i,j) vis mat cond | move_right (i,j) mat cond && not (visited (i,j+1) vis) = visit (i,j+1) (add (i,j+1) vis) mat cond | move_down (i,j) mat cond && not (visited (i+1,j) vis) = visit (i+1,j) (add (i+1,j) vis) mat cond | move_left (i,j) mat cond && not (visited (i,j-1) vis) = visit (i,j-1) (add (i,j-1) vis) mat cond | move_up (i,j) mat cond && not (visited (i-1,j) vis) = visit (i-1,j) (add (i-1,j) vis) mat cond | otherwise = vis

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  • WCF errors in VS 2010/.Net 4 using sample publish/subscribe app from IDesign website

    - by Bill
    I am attempting to compile/run a sample WCF application from Juval Lowy's website (author of Programming WCF Services & founder of IDesign). The application is an example of a publish/subscribe 'traffic-light' application that requires using VS 2010/.Net 4. This is my first attempt at using anything other than VS 2008/Net 3.5. Initially I recieved the following binding error: "Configuration binding extension 'system.serviceModel/bindings/ netOnewayRelayBinding' could not be found." This error appeared to be resolved by amending the .Net 4 machine.config file, to incorporate the following references from the .Net 2 machine.config file. <xml> <bindingElementExtensions> <add name="tcpRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.TcpRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="httpRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.HttpRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="httpsRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.HttpsRelayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="onewayRelayTransport" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.RelayedOnewayTransportElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="webMessageEncoding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WebMessageEncodingElement, System.ServiceModel.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="context" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.ContextBindingElementExtensionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="byteStreamMessageEncoding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.ByteStreamMessageEncodingElement, System.ServiceModel.Channels, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="discoveryClient" type="System.ServiceModel.Discovery.Configuration.DiscoveryClientElement, System.ServiceModel.Discovery, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> </bindingElementExtensions> <bindingExtensions> <add name="webHttpBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WebHttpBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="basicHttpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.BasicHttpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="basicHttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.BasicHttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="webHttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.WebHttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="ws2007HttpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.WS2007HttpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netTcpRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetTcpRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netOnewayRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetOnewayRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" /> <add name="netEventRelayBinding" type="Microsoft.ServiceBus.Configuration.NetEventRelayBindingCollectionElement, Microsoft.ServiceBus, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/> <add name="wsHttpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.WSHttpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> <add name="netTcpContextBinding" type="System.ServiceModel.Configuration.NetTcpContextBindingCollectionElement, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> </bindingExtensions> Unfortunately running the application results in the following security error: An error occurred creating the configuration section handler for system.serviceModel/client: That assembly does not allow partially trusted callers. (\TrafficLights\TrafficController\bin\Debug\TrafficController.vshost.exe.Config line 4) The sample source code is available for download at the following link: http://www.idesign.net/idesign/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=-1&tabid=19&download=226 I know that Juval's code is not at fault here and that it must be something I'm doing wrong with my VS 2010 configuration. I have not been able to find a solution online. Could someone please steer me in the right direction as to how best to deal with this issue?

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  • c# opennetCF background worker - e.result gives a ObjectDisposedException

    - by ikky
    Hi! I'm new working with background worker in C#. Here is a class, and under it, you will find the instansiation of it, and under there i will define my problem for you: I have the class Drawing: class Drawing { BackgroundWorker bgWorker; ProgressBar progressBar; Panel panelHolder; public Drawing(ref ProgressBar pgbar, ref Panel panelBig) // Progressbar and panelBig as reference { this.panelHolder = panelBig; this.progressBar = pgbar; bgWorker = new BackgroundWorker(); bgWorker.WorkerReportsProgress = true; bgWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; bgWorker.DoWork += new OpenNETCF.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventHandler(this.bgWorker_DoWork); bgWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += new OpenNETCF.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(this.bgWorker_RunWorkerCompleted); bgWorker.ProgressChanged += new OpenNETCF.ComponentModel.ProgressChangedEventHandler(this.bgWorker_ProgressChanged); } public void createDrawing() { bgWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); } private void bgWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { Panel panelContainer = new Panel(); // Adding panels to the panelContainer for(i=0; i<100; i++) { Panel panelSubpanel = new Panel(); // Setting size, color, name etc.... panelContainer.Controls.Add(panelSubpanel); // Adding the subpanel to the panelContainer //Report the progress bgWorker.ReportProgress(0, i); // Reporting number of panels loaded } e.Result = imagePanel; // Send the result(a panel with lots of subpanels) as an argument } private void bgWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { this.progressBar.Value = (int)e.UserState; this.progressBar.Update(); } private void bgWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if (e.Error == null) { this.panelHolder = (Panel)e.Result; } else { MessageBox.Show("An error occured, please try again"); } } } Instansiating an object of this class: public partial class Draw: Form { public Draw() { ProgressBar progressBarLoading = new ProgressBar(); // Set lots of properties on progressBarLoading Panel panelBigPanelContainer = new Panel(); Drawing drawer = new Drawing(ref progressBarLoading, ref panelBigPanelContainer); drawer.createDrawing(); // this makes the object start a new thread, loading all the panels into a panel container, while also sending the progress to this progressbar. } } Here is my problem: In the private void bgWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) i don't get the e.Result as it should be. When i debug and look at the e.Result, the panel's properties have this exception message: '((System.Windows.Forms.Control)(e.Result)).ClientSize' threw an exception of type 'System.ObjectDisposedException' So the object gets disposed, but "why" is my question, and how can i fix this? I hope someone will answer me, this is making me crazy. Another question i have: Is it allowed to use "ref" with arguments? is it bad programming? Thanks in advance. I have also written how i understand the Background worker below here: This is what i think is the "rules" for background workers: bgWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); => starts a new thread. bgWorker_DoWork cannot reach the main thread without delegates - private void bgWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { // The work happens here, this is a thread that is not reachable by the main thread e.Result => This is an argument which can be reached by bgWorker_RunWorkerCompleted() bgWorker.ReportProgress(progressVar); => Reports the progress to the bgWorker_ProgressChanged() } - private void bgWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { // I get the progress here, and can do stuff to the main thread from here (e.g update a control) this.ProgressBar.Value = e.ProgressPercentage; } - private void bgWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { // This is where the thread is completed. // Here i can get e.Result from the bgWorker thread // From here i can reach controls in my main thread, and use e.Result in my main thread if (e.Error == null) { this.panelTileHolder = (Panel)e.Result; } else { MessageBox.Show("There was an error"); } }

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  • A couple of pattern matching issues with pattern matching in Lua

    - by Josh
    I'm fairly new to lua programming, but I'm also a quick study. I've been working on a weather forecaster for a program that I use, and it's working well, for the most part. Here is what I have so far. (Pay no attention to the zs.stuff. That is program specific and has no bearing on the lua coding.) if not http then http = require("socket.http") end local locale = string.gsub(zs.params(1),"%s+","%%20") local page = http.request("http://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=" .. locale .. "&wuSelect=WEATHER") local location = string.match(page,'title="([%w%s,]+) RSS"') --print("Gathering weather information for " .. location .. ".") --local windspeed = string.match(page,'<span class="nobr"><span class="b">([%d.]+)</span>&nbsp;mph</span>') --print(windspeed) local condition = string.match(page, '<td class="vaM taC"><img src="http://icons-ecast.wxug.com/i/c/a/[%w_]+.gif" width="42" height="42" alt="[%w%s]+" class="condIcon" />') --local image = string.match(page, '<img src="http://icons-ecast.wxug.com/i/c/a/(.+).gif" width="42" height="42" alt="[%w%s]+" class="condIcon" />') local temperature = string.match(page,'pwsvariable="tempf" english="&deg;F" metric="&deg;C" value="([%d.]+)">') local humidity = string.match(page,'pwsvariable="humidity" english="" metric="" value="(%d+)"') zs.say(location) --zs.say("image ./Images/" .. image .. ".gif") zs.say("<color limegreen>Condition:</color> <color white>" .. condition .. "</color>") zs.say("<color limegreen>Temperature: </color><color white>" .. temperature .. "F</color>") zs.say("<color limegreen>Humidity: </color><color white>" .. humidity .. "%</color>") My main issue is this: I changed the 'condition' and added the 'image' variables to what they are now. Even though the line it's supposed to be matching comes directly from the webpage, it fails to match at all. So I'm wondering what it is I'm missing that's preventing this code from working. If I take out the <td class="vaM taC">< img src="http://icons-ecast.wxug.com/i/c/a/[%w_]+.gif" it'll match condition flawlessly. (For whatever reason, I can't get the above line to display correctly, but there is no space between the `< and img) Can anyone point out what is wrong with it? Aside from the pattern matching, I assure you the line is verbatim from the webpage. Another question I had is the ability to match across line breaks. Is there any possible way to do this? The reason why I ask is because on that same page, a few of the things I need to match are broken up on separate lines, and since the actual pattern I'm wanting to match shows up in other places on the page, I need to be able to match across line breaks to get the exact pattern. I appreciate any help in this matter!

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  • If record exists in database, UPDATE a single column

    - by Doug
    I have a bulk uploading object in place that is being used to bulk upload roughly 25-40 image files at a time. Each image is about 100-150 kb in size. During the upload, I've created a for each loop that takes the file name of the image (minus the file extension) to write it into a column named "sku". Also, for each file being uploaded, the date is recorded to a column named DateUpdated, as well as some image path data. Here is my c# code: protected void graphicMultiFileButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //graphicMultiFile is the ID of the bulk uploading object ( provided by Dean Brettle: http://www.brettle.com/neatupload ) if (graphicMultiFile.Files.Length > 0) { foreach (UploadedFile file in graphicMultiFile.Files) { //strip ".jpg" from file name (will be assigned as SKU) string sku = file.FileName.Substring(0, file.FileName.Length - 4); //assign the directory where the images will be stored on the server string directoryPath = Server.MapPath("~/images/graphicsLib/" + file.FileName); //ensure that if image existes on server that it will get overwritten next time it's uploaded: file.MoveTo(directoryPath, MoveToOptions.Overwrite); //current sql that inserts a record to the db SqlCommand comm; SqlConnection conn; string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DataConnect"].ConnectionString; conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString); comm = new SqlCommand("INSERT INTO GraphicsLibrary (sku, imagePath, DateUpdated) VALUES (@sku, @imagePath, @DateUpdated)", conn); comm.Parameters.Add("@sku", System.Data.SqlDbType.VarChar, 50); comm.Parameters["@sku"].Value = sku; comm.Parameters.Add("@imagePath", System.Data.SqlDbType.VarChar, 300); comm.Parameters["@imagePath"].Value = "images/graphicsLib/" + file.FileName; comm.Parameters.Add("@DateUpdated", System.Data.SqlDbType.DateTime); comm.Parameters["@DateUpdated"].Value = DateTime.Now; conn.Open(); comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); conn.Close(); } } } After images are uploaded, managers will go back and re-upload images that have previously been uploaded. This is because these product images are always being revised and improved. For each new/improved image, the file name and extension will remain the same - so that when image 321-54321.jpg was first uploaded to the server, the new/improved version of that image will still have the image file name as 321-54321.jpg. I can't say for sure if the file sizes will remain in the 100-150KB range. I'll assume that the image file size will grow eventually. When images get uploaded (again), there of course will be an existing record in the database for that image. What is the best way to: Check the database for the existing record (stored procedure or SqlDataReader or create a DataSet ...?) Then if record exists, simply UPDATE that record so that the DateUpdated column gets today's date. If no record exists, do the INSERT of the record as normal. Things to consider: If the record exists, we'll let the actual image be uploaded. It will simply overwrite the existing image so that the new version gets displayed on the web. We're using SQL Server 2000 on hosted environment (DiscountAsp). I'm programming in C#. The uploading process will be used by about 2 managers a few times a month (each) - which to me is not a allot of usage. Although I'm a jr. developer, I'm guessing that a stored procedure would be the way to go. Just seems more efficient - to do this record check away from the for each loop... but not sure. I'd need extra help writing a sproc, since I don't have too much experience with them. Thank everyone...

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  • Understanding the memory consumption on iPhone

    - by zoul
    Hello! I am working on a 2D iPhone game using OpenGL ES and I keep hitting the 24 MB memory limit – my application keeps crashing with the error code 101. I tried real hard to find where the memory goes, but the numbers in Instruments are still much bigger than what I would expect. I ran the application with the Memory Monitor, Object Alloc, Leaks and OpenGL ES instruments. When the application gets loaded, free physical memory drops from 37 MB to 23 MB, the Object Alloc settles around 7 MB, Leaks show two or three leaks a few bytes in size, the Gart Object Size is about 5 MB and Memory Monitor says the application takes up about 14 MB of real memory. I am perplexed as where did the memory go – when I dig into the Object Allocations, most of the memory is in the textures, exactly as I would expect. But both my own texture allocation counter and the Gart Object Size agree that the textures should take up somewhere around 5 MB. I am not aware of allocating anything else that would be worth mentioning, and the Object Alloc agrees. Where does the memory go? (I would be glad to supply more details if this is not enough.) Update: I really tried to find where I could allocate so much memory, but with no results. What drives me wild is the difference between the Object Allocations (~7 MB) and real memory usage as shown by Memory Monitor (~14 MB). Even if there were huge leaks or huge chunks of memory I forget about, the should still show up in the Object Allocations, shouldn’t they? I’ve already tried the usual suspects, ie. the UIImage with its caching, but that did not help. Is there a way to track memory usage “debugger-style”, line by line, watching each statement’s impact on memory usage? What I have found so far: I really am using that much memory. It is not easy to measure the real memory consumption, but after a lot of counting I think the memory consumption is really that high. My fault. I found no easy way to measure the memory used. The Memory Monitor numbers are accurate (these are the numbers that really matter), but the Memory Monitor can’t tell you where exactly the memory goes. The Object Alloc tool is almost useless for tracking the real memory usage. When I create a texture, the allocated memory counter goes up for a while (reading the texture into the memory), then drops (passing the texture data to OpenGL, freeing). This is OK, but does not always happen – sometimes the memory usage stays high even after the texture has been passed on to OpenGL and freed from “my” memory. This means that the total amount of memory allocated as shown by the Object Alloc tool is smaller than the real total memory consumption, but bigger than the real consumption minus textures (real – textures < object alloc < real). Go figure. I misread the Programming Guide. The memory limit of 24 MB applies to textures and surfaces, not the whole application. The actual red line lies a bit further, but I could not find any hard numbers. The consensus is that 25–30 MB is the ceiling. When the system gets short on memory, it starts sending the memory warning. I have almost nothing to free, but other applications do release some memory back to the system, especially Safari (which seems to be caching the websites). When the free memory as shown in the Memory Monitor goes zero, the system starts killing. I had to bite the bullet and rewrite some parts of the code to be more efficient on memory, but I am probably still pushing it. I

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  • Emulating old-school sprite flickering (theory and concept)

    - by Jeffrey Kern
    I'm trying to develop an oldschool NES-style video game, with sprite flickering and graphical slowdown. I've been thinking of what type of logic I should use to enable such effects. I have to consider the following restrictions if I want to go old-school NES style: No more than 64 sprites on the screen at a time No more than 8 sprites per scanline, or for each line on the Y axis If there is too much action going on the screen, the system freezes the image for a frame to let the processor catch up with the action From what I've read up, if there were more than 64 sprites on the screen, the developer would only draw high-priority sprites while ignoring low-priority ones. They could also alternate, drawing each even numbered sprite on opposite frames from odd numbered ones. The scanline issue is interesting. From my testing, it is impossible to get good speed on the XBOX 360 XNA framework by drawing sprites pixel-by-pixel, like the NES did. This is why in old-school games, if there were too many sprites on a single line, some would appear if they were cut in half. For all purposes for this project, I'm making scanlines be 8 pixels tall, and grouping the sprites together per scanline by their Y positioning. So, dumbed down I need to come up with a solution that.... 64 sprites on screen at once 8 sprites per 'scanline' Can draw sprites based on priority Can alternate between sprites per frame Emulate slowdown Here is my current theory First and foremost, a fundamental idea I came up with is addressing sprite priority. Assuming values between 0-255 (0 being low), I can assign sprites priority levels, for instance: 0 to 63 being low 63 to 127 being medium 128 to 191 being high 192 to 255 being maximum Within my data files, I can assign each sprite to be a certain priority. When the parent object is created, the sprite would randomly get assigned a number between its designated range. I would then draw sprites in order from high to low, with the end goal of drawing every sprite. Now, when a sprite gets drawn in a frame, I would then randomly generate it a new priority value within its initial priority level. However, if a sprite doesn't get drawn in a frame, I could add 32 to its current priority. For example, if the system can only draw sprites down to a priority level of 135, a sprite with an initial priority of 45 could then be drawn after 3 frames of not being drawn (45+32+32+32=141) This would, in theory, allow sprites to alternate frames, allow priority levels, and limit sprites to 64 per screen. Now, the interesting question is how do I limit sprites to only 8 per scanline? I'm thinking that if I'm sorting the sprites high-priority to low-priority, iterate through the loop until I've hit 64 sprites drawn. However, I shouldn't just take the first 64 sprites in the list. Before drawing each sprite, I could check to see how many sprites were drawn in it's respective scanline via counter variables . For example: Y-values between 0 to 7 belong to Scanline 0, scanlineCount[0] = 0 Y-values between 8 to 15 belong to Scanline 1, scanlineCount[1] = 0 etc. I could reset the values per scanline for every frame drawn. While going down the sprite list, add 1 to the scanline's respective counter if a sprite gets drawn in that scanline. If it equals 8, don't draw that sprite and go to the sprite with the next lowest priority. SLOWDOWN The last thing I need to do is emulate slowdown. My initial idea was that if I'm drawing 64 sprites per frame and there's still more sprites that need to be drawn, I could pause the rendering by 16ms or so. However, in the NES games I've played, sometimes there's slowdown if there's not any sprite flickering going on whereas the game moves beautifully even if there is some sprite flickering. Perhaps give a value to each object that uses sprites on the screen (like the priority values above), and if the combined values of all objects w/ sprites surpass a threshold, introduce the sprite flickering? IN CONCLUSION... Does everything I wrote actually sound legitimate and could work, or is it a pipe dream? What improvements can you all possibly think with this game programming theory of mine?

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  • Can't obtain reference to EKReminder array retrieved from fetchRemindersMatchingPredicate

    - by Scionwest
    When I create an NSPredicate via EKEventStore predicateForRemindersInCalendars; and pass it to EKEventStore fetchRemindersMatchingPredicate:completion:^ I can loop through the reminders array provided by the completion code block, but when I try to store a reference to the reminders array, or create a copy of the array into a local variable or instance variable, both array's remain empty. The reminders array is never copied to them. This is the method I am using, in the method, I create a predicate, pass it to the event store and then loop through all of the reminders logging their title via NSLog. I can see the reminder titles during runtime thanks to NSLog, but the local arrayOfReminders object is empty. I also try to add each reminder into an instance variable of NSMutableArray, but once I leave the completion code block, the instance variable remains empty. Am I missing something here? Can someone please tell me why I can't grab a reference to all of the reminders for use through-out the app? I am not having any issues at all accessing and storing EKEvents, but for some reason I can't do it with EKReminders. - (void)findAllReminders { NSPredicate *predicate = [self.eventStore predicateForRemindersInCalendars:nil]; __block NSArray *arrayOfReminders = [[NSArray alloc] init]; [self.eventStore fetchRemindersMatchingPredicate:predicate completion:^(NSArray *reminders) { arrayOfReminders = [reminders copy]; //Does not work. for (EKReminder *reminder in reminders) { [self.remindersForTheDay addObject:reminder]; NSLog(@"%@", reminder.title); } }]; //Always = 0; if ([self.remindersForTheDay count]) { NSLog(@"Instance Variable has reminders!"); } //Always = 0; if ([arrayOfReminders count]) { NSLog(@"Local Variable has reminders!"); } } The eventStore getter is where I perform my instantiation and get access to the event store. - (EKEventStore *)eventStore { if (!_eventStore) { _eventStore = [[EKEventStore alloc] init]; //respondsToSelector indicates iOS 6 support. if ([_eventStore respondsToSelector:@selector(requestAccessToEntityType:completion:)]) { //Request access to user calendar [_eventStore requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError *error) { if (granted) { NSLog(@"iOS 6+ Access to EventStore calendar granted."); } else { NSLog(@"Access to EventStore calendar denied."); } }]; //Request access to user Reminders [_eventStore requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeReminder completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError *error) { if (granted) { NSLog(@"iOS 6+ Access to EventStore Reminders granted."); } else { NSLog(@"Access to EventStore Reminders denied."); } }]; } else { //iOS 5.x and lower support if Selector is not supported NSLog(@"iOS 5.x < Access to EventStore calendar granted."); } for (EKCalendar *cal in self.calendars) { NSLog(@"Calendar found: %@", cal.title); } [_eventStore reset]; } return _eventStore; } Lastly, just to show that I am initializing my remindersForTheDay instance variable using lazy instantiation. - (NSMutableArray *)remindersForTheDay { if (!_remindersForTheDay) _remindersForTheDay = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; return _remindersForTheDay; } I've read through the Apple documentation and it doesn't provide any explanation that I can find to answer this. I read through the Blocks Programming docs and it states that you can access local and instance variables without issues from within a block, but for some reason, the above code does not work. Any help would be greatly appreciated, I've scoured Google for answers but have yet to get this figured out. Thanks everyone! Johnathon.

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  • Reading off a socket until end of line C#?

    - by Omar Kooheji
    I'm trying to write a service that listens to a TCP Socket on a given port until an end of line is recived and then based on the "line" that was received executes a command. I've followed a basic socket programming tutorial for c# and have come up with the following code to listen to a socket: public void StartListening() { _log.Debug("Creating Maing TCP Listen Socket"); _mainSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPEndPoint ipLocal = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, _port); _log.Debug("Binding to local IP Address"); _mainSocket.Bind(ipLocal); _log.DebugFormat("Listening to port {0}",_port); _mainSocket.Listen(10); _log.Debug("Creating Asynchronous callback for client connections"); _mainSocket.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(OnClientConnect), null); } public void OnClientConnect(IAsyncResult asyn) { try { _log.Debug("OnClientConnect Creating worker socket"); Socket workerSocket = _mainSocket.EndAccept(asyn); _log.Debug("Adding worker socket to list"); _workerSockets.Add(workerSocket); _log.Debug("Waiting For Data"); WaitForData(workerSocket); _log.DebugFormat("Clients Connected [{0}]", _workerSockets.Count); _mainSocket.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(OnClientConnect), null); } catch (ObjectDisposedException) { _log.Error("OnClientConnection: Socket has been closed\n"); } catch (SocketException se) { _log.Error("Socket Exception", se); } } public class SocketPacket { private System.Net.Sockets.Socket _currentSocket; public System.Net.Sockets.Socket CurrentSocket { get { return _currentSocket; } set { _currentSocket = value; } } private byte[] _dataBuffer = new byte[1]; public byte[] DataBuffer { get { return _dataBuffer; } set { _dataBuffer = value; } } } private void WaitForData(Socket workerSocket) { _log.Debug("Entering WaitForData"); try { lock (this) { if (_workerCallback == null) { _log.Debug("Initializing worker callback to OnDataRecieved"); _workerCallback = new AsyncCallback(OnDataRecieved); } } SocketPacket socketPacket = new SocketPacket(); socketPacket.CurrentSocket = workerSocket; workerSocket.BeginReceive(socketPacket.DataBuffer, 0, socketPacket.DataBuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, _workerCallback, socketPacket); } catch (SocketException se) { _log.Error("Socket Exception", se); } } public void OnDataRecieved(IAsyncResult asyn) { SocketPacket socketData = (SocketPacket)asyn.AsyncState; try { int iRx = socketData.CurrentSocket.EndReceive(asyn); char[] chars = new char[iRx + 1]; _log.DebugFormat("Created Char array to hold incomming data. [{0}]",iRx+1); System.Text.Decoder decoder = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder(); int charLength = decoder.GetChars(socketData.DataBuffer, 0, iRx, chars, 0); _log.DebugFormat("Read [{0}] characters",charLength); String data = new String(chars); _log.DebugFormat("Read in String \"{0}\"",data); WaitForData(socketData.CurrentSocket); } catch (ObjectDisposedException) { _log.Error("OnDataReceived: Socket has been closed. Removing Socket"); _workerSockets.Remove(socketData.CurrentSocket); } catch (SocketException se) { _log.Error("SocketException:",se); _workerSockets.Remove(socketData.CurrentSocket); } } This I thought was going to be a good basis for what I wanted to do, but the code I have appended the incoming characters to a text box one by one and didn't do anything with it. Which doesn't really work for what I want to do. My main issue is the decoupling of the OnDataReceived method from the Wait for data method. which means I'm having issues building a string (I would use a string builder but I can accept multiple connections so that doesn't really work. Ideally I'd like to look while listening to a socket until I see and end of line character and then call a method with the resulting string as a parameter. What's the best way to go about doing this.

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  • Netbeans platform projects - problems with wrapped jar files that have dependencies

    - by I82Much
    For starters, this question is not so much about programming in the NetBeans IDE as developing a NetBeans project (e.g. using the NetBeans Platform framework). I am attempting to use the BeanUtils library to introspect my domain models and provide the properties to display in a property sheet. Sample code: public class MyNode extends AbstractNode implements PropertyChangeListener { private static final PropertyUtilsBean bean = new PropertyUtilsBean(); // snip protected Sheet createSheet() { Sheet sheet = Sheet.createDefault(); Sheet.Set set = Sheet.createPropertiesSet(); APIObject obj = getLookup().lookup (APIObject.class); PropertyDescriptor[] descriptors = bean.getPropertyDescriptors(obj); for (PropertyDescriptor d : descriptors) { Method readMethod = d.getReadMethod(); Method writeMethod = d.getWriteMethod(); Class valueType = d.getClass(); Property p = new PropertySupport.Reflection(obj, valueType, readMethod, writeMethod); set.put(p); } sheet.put(set); return sheet; } I have created a wrapper module around commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar, and added a dependency on the module in my module containing the above code. Everything compiles fine. When I attempt to run the program and open the property sheet view (i.e.. the above code actually gets run), I get the following error: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:200) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:319) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:330) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:254) at org.netbeans.ProxyClassLoader.loadClass(ProxyClassLoader.java:259) Caused: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory starting from ModuleCL@64e48e45[org.apache.commons.beanutils] with possible defining loaders [ModuleCL@75da931b[org.netbeans.libs.commons_logging]] and declared parents [] at org.netbeans.ProxyClassLoader.loadClass(ProxyClassLoader.java:261) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:254) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:399) Caused: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.<init>(PropertyUtilsBean.java:132) at org.myorg.myeditor.MyNode.<clinit>(MyNode.java:35) at org.myorg.myeditor.MyEditor.<init>(MyEditor.java:33) at org.myorg.myeditor.OpenEditorAction.actionPerformed(OpenEditorAction.java:13) at org.openide.awt.AlwaysEnabledAction$1.run(AlwaysEnabledAction.java:139) at org.netbeans.modules.openide.util.ActionsBridge.implPerformAction(ActionsBridge.java:83) at org.netbeans.modules.openide.util.ActionsBridge.doPerformAction(ActionsBridge.java:67) at org.openide.awt.AlwaysEnabledAction.actionPerformed(AlwaysEnabledAction.java:142) at javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2028) at javax.swing.AbstractButton$Handler.actionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2351) at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.fireActionPerformed(DefaultButtonModel.java:387) at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.setPressed(DefaultButtonModel.java:242) at javax.swing.AbstractButton.doClick(AbstractButton.java:389) at com.apple.laf.ScreenMenuItem.actionPerformed(ScreenMenuItem.java:95) at java.awt.MenuItem.processActionEvent(MenuItem.java:627) at java.awt.MenuItem.processEvent(MenuItem.java:586) at java.awt.MenuComponent.dispatchEventImpl(MenuComponent.java:317) at java.awt.MenuComponent.dispatchEvent(MenuComponent.java:305) [catch] at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:638) at org.netbeans.core.TimableEventQueue.dispatchEvent(TimableEventQueue.java:125) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:296) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:211) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:201) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:196) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:188) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:122) I understand that beanutils is using the commons-logging component. I have tried adding the commons-logging component in two different ways (creating a wrapper library around the commons-logging library, and putting a dependency on the Commons Logging Integration library). Neither solves the problem. I noticed that the same problem occurs with other wrapped libraries; if they themselves have external dependencies, the ClassNotFoundExceptions propagate like mad, even if I've wrapped the jars of the libraries they require and added them as dependencies to the original wrapped library module. Pictorially: I'm at my wits end here. I noticed similar problems while googling: Is there a known bug on NB Module dependency Same issue I'm facing but when wrapping a different jar NetBeans stance on this - none of the 3 apply to me. None conclusively help me. Thank you, Nick

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  • jQuery sequence and function call problem

    - by Jonas
    Hi everyone, I'm very new to jquery and programming in general but I'm still trying to achieve something here. I use Fullcalendar to allow the users of my web application to insert an event in the database. The click on a day, view changes to agendaDay, then on a time of the day, and a dialog popup opens with a form. I am trying to combine validate (pre-jquery.1.4), jquery.form to post the form without page refresh The script calendar.php, included in several pages, defines the fullcalendar object and displays it in a div: $(document).ready(function() { function EventLoad() { $("#addEvent").validate({ rules: { calendar_title: "required", calendar_url: { required: false, maxlength: 100, url: true } }, messages: { calendar_title: "Title required", calendar_url: "Invalid URL format" }, success: function() { $('#addEvent').submit(function() { var options = { success: function() { $('#eventDialog').dialog('close'); $('#calendar').fullCalendar( 'refetchEvents' ); } }; // submit the form $(this).ajaxSubmit(options); // return false to prevent normal browser submit and page navigation return false; }); } }); } $('#calendar').fullCalendar({ header: { left: 'prev,next today', center: 'title', right: 'month,agendaWeek,agendaDay' }, theme: true, firstDay: 1, editable: false, events: "json-events.php?list=1&<?php echo $events_list; ?>", <?php if($_GET['page'] == 'home') echo "defaultView: 'agendaWeek',"; ?> eventClick: function(event) { if (event.url) { window.open(event.url); return false; } }, dayClick: function(date, allDay, jsEvent, view) { if (view.name == 'month') { $('#calendar').fullCalendar( 'changeView', 'agendaDay').fullCalendar( 'gotoDate', date ); }else{ if(allDay) { var timeStamp = $.fullCalendar.formatDate( date, 'dddd+dd+MMMM_u'); var $eventDialog = $('<div/>').load("json-events.php?<?php echo $events_list; ?>&new=1&all_day=1&timestamp=" + timeStamp, null, EventLoad).dialog({autoOpen:false,draggable: false, width: 675, modal:true, position:['center',202], resizable: false, title:'Add an Event'}); $eventDialog.dialog('open').attr('id','eventDialog'); } else { var timeStamp = $.fullCalendar.formatDate( date, 'dddd+dd+MMMM_u'); var $eventDialog = $('<div/>').load("json-events.php?<?php echo $events_list; ?>&new=1&all_day=0&timestamp=" + timeStamp, null, EventLoad).dialog({autoOpen:false,draggable: false, width: 675, modal:true, position:['center',202], resizable: false, title:'Add an Event'}); $eventDialog.dialog('open').attr('id','eventDialog');; } } } }); }); The script json-events.php contains the form and also the code to process the data from the submitted form. What happens when I test the whole thing: - first user click on a day, then time of day. Popup opens with time and date indicated on the form. When user submits the form, dialog closes and calendar refreshes its events.... and the event added by the user appears several times (from 4 to up to 11 times!). The form has been processed several times by the receiving php script?! - second user click, the popup opens, user submit empty form. Form is submitted (validate function not triggered) and user redirected to empty page json-events.php (ajaxForm not triggered either) Obviously, my code is wrong (and dirty as well, sorry). Why is the submitted form, submitted several time to receiving script and why is the javascript function EventLoad triggered only once ? Thank you very much for you help. This problem is killing me !

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  • How to use pthread_atfork() and pthread_once() to reinitialize mutexes in child processes

    - by Blair Zajac
    We have a C++ shared library that uses ZeroC's Ice library for RPC and unless we shut down Ice's runtime, we've observed child processes hanging on random mutexes. The Ice runtime starts threads, has many internal mutexes and keeps open file descriptors to servers. Additionally, we have a few of mutexes of our own to protect our internal state. Our shared library is used by hundreds of internal applications so we don't have control over when the process calls fork(), so we need a way to safely shutdown Ice and lock our mutexes while the process forks. Reading the POSIX standard on pthread_atfork() on handling mutexes and internal state: Alternatively, some libraries might have been able to supply just a child routine that reinitializes the mutexes in the library and all associated states to some known value (for example, what it was when the image was originally executed). This approach is not possible, though, because implementations are allowed to fail *_init() and *_destroy() calls for mutexes and locks if the mutex or lock is still locked. In this case, the child routine is not able to reinitialize the mutexes and locks. On Linux, the this test C program returns EPERM from pthread_mutex_unlock() in the child pthread_atfork() handler. Linux requires adding _NP to the PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK macro for it to compile. This program is linked from this good thread. Given that it's technically not safe or legal to unlock or destroy a mutex in the child, I'm thinking it's better to have pointers to mutexes and then have the child make new pthread_mutex_t on the heap and leave the parent's mutexes alone, thereby having a small memory leak. The only issue is how to reinitialize the state of the library and I'm thinking of reseting a pthread_once_t. Maybe because POSIX has an initializer for pthread_once_t that it can be reset to its initial state. #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> static pthread_once_t once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; static pthread_mutex_t *mutex_ptr = 0; static void setup_new_mutex() { mutex_ptr = malloc(sizeof(*mutex_ptr)); pthread_mutex_init(mutex_ptr, 0); } static void prepare() { pthread_mutex_lock(mutex_ptr); } static void parent() { pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex_ptr); } static void child() { // Reset the once control. pthread_once_t once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; memcpy(&once_control, &once, sizeof(once_control)); setup_new_mutex(); } static void init() { setup_new_mutex(); pthread_atfork(&prepare, &parent, &child); } int my_library_call(int arg) { pthread_once(&once_control, &init); pthread_mutex_lock(mutex_ptr); // Do something here that requires the lock. int result = 2*arg; pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex_ptr); return result; } In the above sample in the child() I only reset the pthread_once_t by making a copy of a fresh pthread_once_t initialized with PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT. A new pthread_mutex_t is only created when the library function is invoked in the child process. This is hacky but maybe the best way of dealing with this skirting the standards. If the pthread_once_t contains a mutex then the system must have a way of initializing it from its PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT state. If it contains a pointer to a mutex allocated on the heap than it'll be forced to allocate a new one and set the address in the pthread_once_t. I'm hoping it doesn't use the address of the pthread_once_t for anything special which would defeat this. Searching comp.programming.threads group for pthread_atfork() shows a lot of good discussion and how little the POSIX standards really provides to solve this problem. There's also the issue that one should only call async-signal-safe functions from pthread_atfork() handlers, and it appears the most important one is the child handler, where only a memcpy() is done. Does this work? Is there a better way of dealing with the requirements of our shared library?

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  • WPF: Updating visibility of controls not updating the screen

    - by Brad McBride
    I will preface this by stating that I am new to WPF programming and may be making multiple errors. Any insight that can be provided to help me improve in my skills are greatly appreciated. I am working with a WPF application and am looping through a list of objects that contain properties that describe a document that should be built on the fly and automatically printed. I am attempting to display a small grid in the interface that shows the document being built before it is printed. This serves two purposes: one, it allows the user to see work being done by the application. Two, it renders the items on the screen so that I can then have something to actually print since WPF appears to not be able to load an image for printing dynamicaly without displaying it on the screen. In my code, I am setting the various elements in the grid and setting the visibility to visible. However, the UI is not updating and the printed document doesn't look as intended since the image never shows up on the screen. Here is the XAML that I have set up <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Black"> <Grid Name="previewGrid" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Background="White" Visibility="Hidden"> <Canvas Name="pageCanvas" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Grid Name="pageGrid" Width="163" Height="211"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="81.5"></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition Width="81.5"></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Name="copyright" TextAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"></TextBlock> <Image Name="pageImage" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"></Image> </Grid> </Canvas> .....canvas for pages 2-4 not shown but structure is the same as for pageGrid..... </Grid> </Grid> </Window> Here is the code behind that is supposed to set the elements. previewGrid.Visibility = Windows.Visibility.Visible pageURI = New Uri(pageCollection(i).iamgeURL, UriKind.Absolute) pageGrid.Visibility = Windows.Visibility.Visible bmp.BeginInit() bmp.StreamSource = getCachedURLStream(cardURI) bmp.EndInit() pageImage.Source = bmp copyright.Text = copyrightText cardPreviewGrid.UpdateLayout() ' More code that prints the visual element pageGrid previewGrid.Visibility = Windows.Visibility.Hidden The code in codebehind loops through a number of times depending on how many different documents the user prints. Basically it builds a visual element for a page, prints an XPS version of it and then builds the next page and prints it, etc. Once all pages have been processed, the job is actually sent to the printer. The only purpose of this application is to let the user print these documents so there is not other task that they can do in the application while the documents print. I thought that putting this task in a background thread would help to update the UI but since I am trying to manipulate items directly on the UI thread it would appear that this option won't work for me. What am I doing wrong here and how can I improve the code so that I can get the behavior that I am trying to achieve?

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  • Asp.net mvc, view with multiple updatable parts - how?

    - by DerDres
    I have started doing asp.net mvc programming and like it more everyday. Most of the examples I have seen use separate views for viewing and editing details of a specific entity. E.g. - table of music albums linking to separate 'detail' and 'update' views [Action] | Title | Artist detail, update | Uuuh Baby | Barry White detail, update | Mr Mojo | Barry White With mvc how can I achieve a design where the R and the U (CRUD) are represented in a single view, and furthermore where the user can edit separate parts of the view, thus limiting the amount of data the user can edit before saving? Example mockup - editing album detials: I have achieved such a design with ajax calls, but Im curious how to do this without ajax. Parts of my own take on this can be seen below. I use a flag (enum EditCode) indicating which part of the view, if any, that has to render a form. Is such a design in accordance with the framework, could it be done more elegantly? AlbumController public class AlbumController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { var albumDetails = from ManageVM in state.AlbumState.ToList() select ManageVM.Value.Detail; return View(albumDetails); } public ActionResult Manage(int albumId, EditCode editCode) { (state.AlbumState[albumId] as ManageVM).EditCode = (EditCode)editCode; ViewData["albumId"] = albumId; return View(state.AlbumState[albumId]); } [HttpGet] public ActionResult Edit(int albumId, EditCode editCode) { return RedirectToAction("Manage", new { albumId = albumId, editCode = editCode }); } // edit album details [HttpPost] public ActionResult EditDetail(int albumId, Detail details) { (state.AlbumState[albumId] as ManageVM).Detail = details; return RedirectToAction("Manage", new { albumId = albumId, editCode = EditCode.NoEdit });// zero being standard } // edit album thought [HttpPost] public ActionResult EditThoughts(int albumId, List<Thought> thoughts) { (state.AlbumState[albumId] as ManageVM).Thoughts = thoughts; return RedirectToAction("Manage", new { albumId = albumId, editCode = EditCode.NoEdit });// zero being standard } Flag - EditCode public enum EditCode { NoEdit, Details, Genres, Thoughts } Mangae view <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MvcApplication1.Controllers.ManageVM>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Manage </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2>Manage</h2> <% if(Model.EditCode == MvcApplication1.Controllers.EditCode.Details) {%> <% Html.RenderPartial("_EditDetails", Model.Detail); %> <% }else{%> <% Html.RenderPartial("_ShowDetails", Model.Detail); %> <% } %> <hr /> <% if(Model.EditCode == MvcApplication1.Controllers.EditCode.Thoughts) {%> <% Html.RenderPartial("_EditThoughts", Model.Thoughts); %> <% }else{%> <% Html.RenderPartial("_ShowThoughts", Model.Thoughts); %> <% } %>

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