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  • Key stroke time in Openmoko or any smart phones

    - by Adi
    Dear all, I am doing a project in which I am working on security issues related to smart phones. I want to develop an authentication scheme which is based on biometrics, Every human being have a unique key-hold time,digraph time error rate. Key-Hold Time : Time difference between pressing and releasing a key . Digraph Time : Time difference between releasing one and pressing next one. Error Rate : No of times backspace is pressed. I got these metrics from a paper "Keystroke-based User Identification on Smart Phones" by Saira Zahid1, Muhammad Shahzad1, Syed Ali Khayam1,2, Muddassar Farooq1. I was planning to get the datasets to test my algorithm from openmoko phone, but the phone is mis-behaving and I am finding trouble in generating these time data-sets. If anyone can help me or tell me a good source of data sets for the 3 metrics I defined, it will be a great help. Thanks Aditya

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  • GWT RPC - Does it do enough to protect against CSRF ?

    - by sri
    GWT's RPC mechanism does the following things on every HTTP Request - Sets two custom request headers - X-GWT-Permutation and X-GWT-Module-Base Sets the content-type as text/x-gwt-rpc; charset=utf-8 The HTTP request is always a POST, and on server side GET methods throw an exception (method not supported). Also, if these headers are not set or have the wrong value, the server fails processing with an exception "possibly CSRF?" or something to that effect. Question is : Is this sufficient to prevent CSRF? Is there a way to set custom headers and change content type in a pure cross-site request forgery method?

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  • Oracle Application Server 10.1.3.5 Security issue.

    - by Marius Bogdan IONESCU
    Hello! we are tying to port a J2EE app from OAS 9.0.4 (working perfectly) on OAS 10.1.3.5 the reson we do that is because we need the app compiled with java 1.5 and OAS 10.1.3.5 would be the single major version supporting that binaries which has oc4j/orion kernel. The issue is that the security constraints in matter of user/group/role are not read by the app server, and instead of asking for these sets of users, i have to use the oc4jadmin instead the selected users for auth. All xml files needed for describing these sets of rules are being checked with the OAS book, and it seems they are correctly filled in... anybody has an idea about this?

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  • why wont this tester complie

    - by user1678800
    student name and id and testgrade need to compile with tester but the student class has some problem i dont know what it is and the error message is Error: Syntax error on token "(", . expected this needs to complie with the tester class to be able to run public class Student { public static void main(String[] args) { // instant varible for name, id , and test grade private String name; private int id; private int testgrade; /** * construct class * @parm String newName * @parm String newId */ public Student(String newName, int newId); { name = newName; id = newId; } /** * getName method that return instant varible name */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * getId method that return instant varible id */ public int getId() { return id; } /** * setGrade method that sets the test grade variable * * @param int grade */ public void setGrade(int grade) { testGrade = grade; } /** * getGrade method that sets test grade instance variable * * @param int grade */ public int getGrade() { return testGrade; } } }

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  • what's faster: merging lists or dicts in python?

    - by tipu
    I'm working with an app that is cpu-bound more than memory bound, and I'm trying to merge two things whether they be sets or dicts. Now the thing is i can choose either one, but I'm wondering if merging dicts would be faster since it's all in memory? Or is it always going to be O(n), n being the size of the smaller set. The reason I asked about dicts rather than sets is because I can't convert a set to json, because that results in {key1, key2, key3} and json needs a key/value pair, so I am using a dict so json dumps returns {key1:1, key2:1, key3:1}. Yes this is wasteful, but if it proves to be faster then I'm okay with it.

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  • Concise SSE and MMX instruction reference with latencies and throughput

    - by Joe
    I am trying to optimize some arithmetic by using the MMX and SSE instruction sets with inline assembly. However, I have been unable to find good references for the timings and usages of these enhanced instruction sets. Could you please help me find references that contain information about the throughput, latency, operands, and perhaps short descriptions of the instructions? So far, I have found: Intel Instruction References http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253666.pdf http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253667.pdf Intel Optimization Guide http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/248966.pdf Timings of Integer Operations http://gmplib.org/~tege/x86-timing.pdf

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  • How to differentiate between time to live and time to idle in ehcache

    - by Jacques René Mesrine
    The docs on ehache says: timeToIdleSeconds: Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires. i.e. The maximum amount of time between accesses before an element expires timeToLiveSeconds: Sets the time to live for an element before it expires. i.e. The maximum time between creation time and when an element expires. I understand timeToIdleSeconds But does it means that after the creation & first access of a cache item, the timeToLiveSeconds is not applicable anymore ?

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  • How do I improve my performance with this singly linked list struct within my program?

    - by Jesus
    Hey guys, I have a program that does operations of sets of strings. We have to implement functions such as addition and subtraction of two sets of strings. We are suppose to get it down to the point where performance if of O(N+M), where N,M are sets of strings. Right now, I believe my performance is at O(N*M), since I for each element of N, I go through every element of M. I'm particularly focused on getting the subtraction to the proper performance, as if I can get that down to proper performance, I believe I can carry that knowledge over to the rest of things I have to implement. The '-' operator is suppose to work like this, for example. Declare set1 to be an empty set. Declare set2 to be a set with { a b c } elements Declare set3 to be a set with ( b c d } elements set1 = set2 - set3 And now set1 is suppose to equal { a }. So basically, just remove any element from set3, that is also in set2. For the addition implementation (overloaded '+' operator), I also do the sorting of the strings (since we have to). All the functions work right now btw. So I was wondering if anyone could a) Confirm that currently I'm doing O(N*M) performance b) Give me some ideas/implementations on how to improve the performance to O(N+M) Note: I cannot add any member variables or functions to the class strSet or to the node structure. The implementation of the main program isn't very important, but I will post the code for my class definition and the implementation of the member functions: strSet2.h (Implementation of my class and struct) // Class to implement sets of strings // Implements operators for union, intersection, subtraction, // etc. for sets of strings // V1.1 15 Feb 2011 Added guard (#ifndef), deleted using namespace RCH #ifndef _STRSET_ #define _STRSET_ #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> // Deleted: using namespace std; 15 Feb 2011 RCH struct node { std::string s1; node * next; }; class strSet { private: node * first; public: strSet (); // Create empty set strSet (std::string s); // Create singleton set strSet (const strSet &copy); // Copy constructor ~strSet (); // Destructor int SIZE() const; bool isMember (std::string s) const; strSet operator + (const strSet& rtSide); // Union strSet operator - (const strSet& rtSide); // Set subtraction strSet& operator = (const strSet& rtSide); // Assignment }; // End of strSet class #endif // _STRSET_ strSet2.cpp (implementation of member functions) #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include "strset2.h" using namespace std; strSet::strSet() { first = NULL; } strSet::strSet(string s) { node *temp; temp = new node; temp->s1 = s; temp->next = NULL; first = temp; } strSet::strSet(const strSet& copy) { if(copy.first == NULL) { first = NULL; } else { node *n = copy.first; node *prev = NULL; while (n) { node *newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = n->s1; newNode->next = NULL; if (prev) { prev->next = newNode; } else { first = newNode; } prev = newNode; n = n->next; } } } strSet::~strSet() { if(first != NULL) { while(first->next != NULL) { node *nextNode = first->next; first->next = nextNode->next; delete nextNode; } } } int strSet::SIZE() const { int size = 0; node *temp = first; while(temp!=NULL) { size++; temp=temp->next; } return size; } bool strSet::isMember(string s) const { node *temp = first; while(temp != NULL) { if(temp->s1 == s) { return true; } temp = temp->next; } return false; } strSet strSet::operator + (const strSet& rtSide) { strSet newSet; newSet = *this; node *temp = rtSide.first; while(temp != NULL) { string newEle = temp->s1; if(!isMember(newEle)) { if(newSet.first==NULL) { node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = NULL; newSet.first = newNode; } else if(newSet.SIZE() == 1) { if(newEle < newSet.first->s1) { node *tempNext = newSet.first; node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = tempNext; newSet.first = newNode; } else { node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = NULL; newSet.first->next = newNode; } } else { node *prev = NULL; node *curr = newSet.first; while(curr != NULL) { if(newEle < curr->s1) { if(prev == NULL) { node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = curr; newSet.first = newNode; break; } else { node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = curr; prev->next = newNode; break; } } if(curr->next == NULL) { node *newNode; newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = newEle; newNode->next = NULL; curr->next = newNode; break; } prev = curr; curr = curr->next; } } } temp = temp->next; } return newSet; } strSet strSet::operator - (const strSet& rtSide) { strSet newSet; newSet = *this; node *temp = rtSide.first; while(temp != NULL) { string element = temp->s1; node *prev = NULL; node *curr = newSet.first; while(curr != NULL) { if( element < curr->s1 ) break; if( curr->s1 == element ) { if( prev == NULL) { node *duplicate = curr; newSet.first = newSet.first->next; delete duplicate; break; } else { node *duplicate = curr; prev->next = curr->next; delete duplicate; break; } } prev = curr; curr = curr->next; } temp = temp->next; } return newSet; } strSet& strSet::operator = (const strSet& rtSide) { if(this != &rtSide) { if(first != NULL) { while(first->next != NULL) { node *nextNode = first->next; first->next = nextNode->next; delete nextNode; } } if(rtSide.first == NULL) { first = NULL; } else { node *n = rtSide.first; node *prev = NULL; while (n) { node *newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = n->s1; newNode->next = NULL; if (prev) { prev->next = newNode; } else { first = newNode; } prev = newNode; n = n->next; } } } return *this; }

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  • Detect second tap on tableview cell iphone sdk

    - by neha
    Hi all, In my application, I'm expanding a tableview row when it's tapped. I'm using - (void)setSelected:(BOOL)selected animated:(BOOL)animated { [super setSelected:selected animated:animated]; if( selected == YES ) { [self expandRow]; } else { [self contractRow]; } height = [lblFeed frame].size.height + 75; } to achieve that. So when a row is tapped, this function automatically gets the signal of row tap and it sets the selected=YES. Now when I tap the same expanded row, it still sets selected=YES. I want to detect the second tap and contract the row. How shall I do that while using the same function?

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  • Sorting of table column by string length not working as intended when done in IB via cocoa - binding

    - by Miraaj
    Hi all, I made a sample application displaying list of employees with their salaries over NSTableView using NSArrayController. Basic functionality is working as intended. Also sorting is working fine when Selector - compare or caseInsensitiveCompare is assigned in attribute pane for table column- employeeName. Problem occurs when I try to sort it by string length by setting selector in IB as - length, for the table column - employeeName. It does sorting by string length but does it inappropriately. It is doing sorting on alternate clicks ie. on first click it sorts the content in table in descending order by length. Then on second click it does not arrange contents in ascending order by length but sets arrow on top as in ascending. Then on third click it arranges contents in ascending order by length but sets arrow on top of table column as in descending and so on... Can anyone suggest if I am wrong somewhere? Thanks, Miraaj

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  • SDL_BlitSurface() not displaying image?

    - by Christian Gonzalez
    So I'm trying to display a simply image with the SDL library, but when I use the function SDL_BlitSurface() nothing happens, and all I get is a black screen. I should also note that I have the .bmp file, the source, and the executable file all in the same directory. //SDL Header #include "SDL/SDL.h" int main(int argc, char* args[]) { //Starts SDL SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING); //SDL Surfaces are images that are going to be displayed. SDL_Surface* Hello = NULL; SDL_Surface* Screen = NULL; //Sets the size of the window (Length, Height, Color(bits), Sets the Surface in Software Memory) Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 32, SDL_SWSURFACE); //Loads a .bmp image Hello = SDL_LoadBMP("Hello.bmp"); //Applies the loaded image to the screen SDL_BlitSurface(Hello, NULL, Screen, NULL); //Update Screen SDL_Flip(Screen); //Pause SDL_Delay(2000); //Deletes the loaded image from memory SDL_FreeSurface(Hello); //Quits SDL SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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  • Change DateTimePicker Calendar Runtime

    - by Smart pro
    I want to view the calendar in another culture, for example let it show in Arabic. I use this code in the Main, but the calendar is still in the same culture: CultureInfo sa = new CultureInfo("ar-SA", false); sa.DateTimeFormat.Calendar = new System.Globalization.HijriCalendar(); // Sets the culture to Arabic (Saudi Arabia) Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = sa; // Sets the UI culture to Arabic (Saudi Arabia) Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = sa; I add the DateTimePicker on a form and expect that it shows the date in Arabic after running, but the DateTimePicker or Calendar is not changed to that culture.

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  • Constructing colours for maximum contrast

    - by Martin
    I want to draw some items on screen, each item is in one of N sets. The number of sets changes all the time, so I need to calculate N different colours which are as different as possible (to make it easy to identify what is in which set). So, for example with N = 2 my results would be black and white. With three I guess I would get all red, all green, all blue. For all four, it's less obvious what the correct answer is, and this is where I'm having trouble.

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  • Should I skip authorization, with CanCan, of an action that instantiates a resource?

    - by irkenInvader
    I am writing a web app to pick random lists of cards from larger, complete sets of cards. I have a Card model and a CardSet model. Both models have a full RESTful set of 7 actions (:index, :new, :show, etc). The CardSetsController has an extra action for creating random sets: :random. # app/models/card_set.rb class CardSet < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :creator, :class_name => "User" has_many :memberships has_many :cards, :through => :memberships # app/models/card.rb class Card < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :creator, :class_name => "User" has_many :memberships has_many :card_sets, :through => :memberships I have added Devise for authentication and CanCan for authorizations. I have users with an 'editor' role. Editors are allowed to create new CardSets. Guest users (Users who have not logged in) can only use the :index and :show actions. These authorizations are working as designed. Editors can currently use both the :random and the :new actions without any problems. Guest users, as expected, cannot. # app/controllers/card_sets_controller.rb class CardSetsController < ApplicationController before_filter :authenticate_user!, :except => [:show, :index] load_and_authorize_resource I want to allow guest users to use the :random action, but not the :new action. In other words, they can see new random sets, but not save them. The "Save" button on the :random action's view is hidden (as designed) from the guest users. The problem is, the first thing the :random action does is build a new instance of the CardSet model to fill out the view. When cancan tries to load_and_authorize_resource a new CardSet, it throws a CanCan::AccessDenied exception. Therefore, the view never loads and the guest user is served a "You need to sign in or sign up before continuing" message. # app/controllers/card_sets_controllers.rb def random @card_set = CardSet.new( :name => "New Set of 10", :set_type => "Set of 10" ) I realize that I can tell load_and_authorize_resource to skip the :random action by passing :except => :random to the call, but that just feels "wrong" for some reason. What's the "right" way to do this? Should I create the new random set without instantiating a new CardSet? Should I go ahead and add the exception?

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  • itertools.product eliminating repeated reversed tuples

    - by genclik27
    I asked a question yesterday and thanks to Tim Peters, it is solved. The question is here; itertools.product eliminating repeated elements The new question is further version of this. This time I will generate tuples inside of tuples. Here is an example; lis = [[(1,2), (3,4)], [(5,2), (1,2)], [(2,1), (1,2)]] When I use it in itertools.product function this is what I get, ((1, 2), (5, 2), (2, 1)) ((1, 2), (5, 2), (1, 2)) ((1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1)) ((1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)) ((3, 4), (5, 2), (2, 1)) ((3, 4), (5, 2), (1, 2)) ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) ((3, 4), (1, 2), (1, 2)) I want to change it in a way that if a sequence has (a,b) inside of it, then it can not have (b,a). In this example if you look at this sequence ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) it has (1,2) and (2,1) inside of it. So, this sequence ((3, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1)) should not be considered in the results. As I said, I asked similar question before, in that case it was not considering duplicate elements. I try to adapt it to my problem. Here is modified code. Changed parts in old version are taken in comments. def reverse_seq(seq): s = [] for i in range(len(seq)): s.append(seq[-i-1]) return tuple(s) def uprod(*seqs): def inner(i): if i == n: yield tuple(result) return for elt in sets[i] - reverse: #seen.add(elt) rvrs = reverse_seq(elt) reverse.add(rvrs) result[i] = elt for t in inner(i+1): yield t #seen.remove(elt) reverse.remove(rvrs) sets = [set(seq) for seq in seqs] n = len(sets) #seen = set() reverse = set() result = [None] * n for t in inner(0): yield t In my opinion this code should work but I am getting error for the input lis = [[(1,2), (3,4)], [(5,2), (1,2)], [(2,1), (1,2)]]. I could not understand where I am wrong. for i in uprod(*lis): print i Output is, ((1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)) Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 39, in <module> for i in uprod(*lis): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 32, in uprod for t in inner(0): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 22, in inner for t in inner(i+1): File "D:\Users\SUUSER\workspace tree\sequence_covering _array\denemeler_buraya.py", line 25, in inner reverse.remove(rvrs) KeyError: (2, 1) Thanks,

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  • close file with fclose() but file still in use

    - by Marco
    Hi all, I've got a problem with deleting/overwriting a file using my program which is also being used(read) by my program. The problem seems to be that because of the fact my program is reading data from the file (output.txt) it puts the file in a 'in use' state which makes it impossible to delete or overwrite the file. I don't understand why the file stays 'in use' because I close the file after use with fclose(); this is my code: bool bBool = true while(bBool){ //Run myprogram.exe tot generate (a new) output.txt //Create file pointer and open file FILE* pInputFile = NULL; pInputFile = fopen("output.txt", "r"); // //then I do some reading using fscanf() // //And when I'm done reading I close the file using fclose() fclose(pInputFile); //The next step is deleting the output.txt if( remove( "output.txt" ) == -1 ){ //ERROR }else{ //Succesfull } } I use fclose() to close the file but the file remains in use by my program until my program is totally shut down. What is the solution to free the file so it can be deleted/overwrited? In reality my code isn't a loop without an end ; ) Thanks in advance! Marco Update Like ask a part of my code which also generates the file 'in use'. This is not a loop and this function is being called from the main(); Here is a piece of code: int iShapeNr = 0; void firstRun() { //Run program that generates output.txt runProgram(); //Open Shape data file FILE* pInputFile = NULL; int iNumber = 0; pInputFile = fopen("output.txt", "r"); //Put all orientations of al detected shapes in an array int iShapeNr = 0; int iRotationBuffer[1024];//1024 is maximum detectable shapes, can be changed in RoboRealm int iXMinBuffer[1024]; int iXMaxBuffer[1024]; int iYMinBuffer[1024]; int iYMaxBuffer[1024]; while(feof(pInputFile) == 0){ for(int i=0;i<9;i++){ fscanf(pInputFile, "%d", &iNumber); fscanf(pInputFile, ","); if(i == 1) { iRotationBuffer[iShapeNr] = iNumber; } if(i == 3){//xmin iXMinBuffer[iShapeNr] = iNumber; } if(i == 4){//xmax iXMaxBuffer[iShapeNr] = iNumber; } if(i == 5){//ymin iYMinBuffer[iShapeNr] = iNumber; } if(i == 6){//ymax iYMaxBuffer[iShapeNr] = iNumber; } } iShapeNr++; } fflush(pInputFile); fclose(pInputFile); } The while loop parses the file. The output.txt contains sets of 9 variables, the number of sets is unknown but always in sets of 9. output.txt could contain for example: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,7,6,5,4,1,2,3,0

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  • SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback vs. SSL_CTX_set_verify

    - by BreakPoint
    Hello, Can anyone tell me what is the difference between SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback and SSL_CTX_set_verify? From OpenSSL docs: SSL_CTX_set_cert_verify_callback() sets the verification callback function for ctx. SSL objects that are created from ctx inherit the setting valid at the time when SSL_new(3) is called. and: SSL_CTX_set_verify() sets the verification flags for ctx to be mode and specifies the verify_callback function to be used. If no callback function shall be specified, the NULL pointer can be used for verify_callback. So I'm trying to understand which callback to send for each one (from client side). Thanks experts.

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  • Calculate minimum moves to solve a puzzle

    - by Luke
    I'm in the process of creating a game where the user will be presented with 2 sets of colored tiles. In order to ensure that the puzzle is solvable, I start with one set, copy it to a second set, then swap tiles from one set to another. Currently, (and this is where my issue lies) the number of swaps is determined by the level the user is playing - 1 swap for level 1, 2 swaps for level 2, etc. This same number of swaps is used as a goal in the game. The user must complete the puzzle by swapping a tile from one set to the other to make the 2 sets match (by color). The order of the tiles in the (user) solved puzzle doesn't matter as long as the 2 sets match. The problem I have is that as the number of swaps I used to generate the puzzle approaches the number of tiles in each set, the puzzle becomes easier to solve. Basically, you can just drag from one set in whatever order you need for the second set and solve the puzzle with plenty of moves left. What I am looking to do is after I finish building the puzzle, calculate the minimum number of moves required to solve the puzzle. Again, this is almost always less than the number of swaps used to create the puzzle, especially as the number of swaps approaches the number of tiles in each set. My goal is to calculate the best case scenario and then give the user a "fudge factor" (i.e. 1.2 times the minimum number of moves). Solving the puzzle in under this number of moves will result in passing the level. A little background as to how I currently have the game configured: Levels 1 to 10: 9 tiles in each set. 5 different color tiles. Levels 11 to 20: 12 tiles in each set. 7 different color tiles. Levels 21 to 25: 15 tiles in each set. 10 different color tiles. Swapping within a set is not allowed. For each level, there will be at least 2 tiles of a given color (one for each set in the solved puzzle). Is there any type of algorithm anyone could recommend to calculate the minimum number of moves to solve a given puzzle?

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  • Subtracting two lists in Python

    - by wich
    In Python, How can one subtract two non-unique, unordered lists? Say we have a = [0,1,2,1,0] and b = [0, 1, 1] I'd like to do something like c = a - b and have c be [2, 0] or [0, 2] order doesn't matter to me. This should throw an exception if a does not contain all elements in b. Note this is different from sets! I'm not interested in finding the difference of the sets of elements in a and b, I'm interested in the difference between the actual collections of elements in a and b. I can probably work this out with a for loop, looking up the first element of b in a and then removing the element from b and from a, etc. But this doesn't appeal to me, I'd like to do this with list comprehension in a nice and easy way. Is this possible?

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  • assignment vs std::swap and merging and keeping duplicates in seperate object

    - by rubenvb
    Say I have two std::set<std::string>s. The first one, old_options, needs to be merged with additional options, contained in new_options. I can't just use std::merge (well, I do, but not only that) because I also check for doubles and warn the user about this accordingly. To this effect, I have void merge_options( set<string> &old_options, const set<string> &new_options ) { // find duplicates and create merged_options, a stringset containing the merged options // handle duplicated the way I want to // ... old_options = merged_options; } Is it better to use std::swap( merged_options, old_options ); or the assignment I have? Is there a better way to filter duplicates and return the merged set than consecutive calls to std::set_intersection and std::set_union to detect dupes and merge the sets? I know it's slower than one traversal and doing both at once, but these sets are small (performance is not critical) and I trust the Standard more than I trust myself.

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  • validate uniqueness amongst multiple subclasses with Single Table Inheritance

    - by irkenInvader
    I have a Card model that has many Sets and a Set model that has many Cards through a Membership model: class Card < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships has_many :sets, :through => :memberships end class Membership < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :card belongs_to :set validates_uniqueness_of :card_id, :scope => :set_id end class Set < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships has_many :cards, :through => :memberships validates_presence_of :cards end I also have some sub-classes of the above using Single Table Inheritance: class FooCard < Card end class BarCard < Card end and class Expansion < Set end class GameSet < Set validates_size_of :cards, :is => 10 end All of the above is working as I intend. What I'm trying to figure out is how to validate that a Card can only belong to a single Expansion. I want the following to be invalid: some_cards = FooCard.all( :limit => 25 ) first_expansion = Expansion.new second_expansion = Expansion.new first_expansion.cards = some_cards second_expansion.cards = some_cards first_expansion.save # Valid second_expansion.save # **Should be invalid** However, GameSets should allow this behavior: other_cards = FooCard.all( :limit => 10 ) first_set = GameSet.new second_set = GameSet.new first_set.cards = other_cards # Valid second_set.cards = other_cards # Also valid I'm guessing that a validates_uniqueness_of call is needed somewhere, but I'm not sure where to put it. Any suggestions? UPDATE 1 I modified the Expansion class as sugested: class Expansion < Set validate :validates_uniqueness_of_cards def validates_uniqueness_of_cards membership = Membership.find( :first, :include => :set, :conditions => [ "card_id IN (?) AND sets.type = ?", self.cards.map(&:id), "Expansion" ] ) errors.add_to_base("a Card can only belong to a single Expansion") unless membership.nil? end end This works when creating initial expansions to validate that no current expansions contain the cards. However, this (falsely) invalidates future updates to the expansion with new cards. In other words: old_exp = Expansion.find(1) old_exp.card_ids # returns [1,2,3,4,5] new_exp = Expansion.new new_exp.card_ids = [6,7,8,9,10] new_exp.save # returns true new_exp.card_ids << [11,12] # no other Expansion contains these cards new_exp.valid? # returns false ... SHOULD be true

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  • Is there a variable in Rails that equates to the template that is being rendered?

    - by Sean Ahrens
    I can do request.path_parameters['controller'] and request.path_parameters['action'], but is there anything like request.path_parameters['template'] so I can discern which template file (such as index.html.erb) is being rendered? I'm writing a method that automatically sets the body id to the template being rendered, for easy css manipulation: class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base ... after_filter :define_body_selector ... def define_body_selector # sets @body_id to the name of the template that will be rendered # ie. if users/index.html.erb was just rendered, @body_id gets set to "index" @body_id = ??? end ...

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  • Newbie question about file formatting in Python

    - by user568041
    I'm writing a simple program in Python 2.7 using pycURL library to submit file contents to pastebin. Here's the code of the program: #!/usr/bin/env python2 import pycurl, os def send(file): print "Sending file to pastebin...." curl = pycurl.Curl() curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, "http://pastebin.com/api_public.php") curl.setopt(pycurl.POST, True) curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, "paste_code=%s" % file) curl.setopt(pycurl.NOPROGRESS, True) curl.perform() def main(): content = raw_input("Provide the FULL path to the file: ") open = file(content, 'r') send(open.readlines()) return 0 main() The output pastebin looks like standard Python list: ['string\n', 'line of text\n', ...] etc. Is there any way I could format it so it looks better and it's actually human-readable? Also, I would be very happy if someone could tell me how to use multiple data inputs in POSTFIELDS. Pastebin API uses paste_code as its main data input, but it can use optional things like paste_name that sets the name of the upload or paste_private that sets it private.

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