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• how to elegantly duplicate a graph (neural network)

  - by macias

  I have a graph (network) which consists of layers, which contains nodes (neurons). I would like to write a procedure to duplicate entire graph in most elegant way possible -- i.e. with minimal or no overhead added to the structure of the node or layer. Or yet in other words -- the procedure could be complex, but the complexity should not "leak" to structures. They should be no complex just because they are copyable. I wrote the code in C#, so far it looks like this: neuron has additional field -- copy_of which is pointer the the neuron which base copied from, this is my additional overhead neuron has parameterless method Clone() neuron has method Reconnect() -- which exchanges connection from "source" neuron (parameter) to "target" neuron (parameter) layer has parameterless method Clone() -- it simply call Clone() for all neurons network has parameterless method Clone() -- it calls Clone() for every layer and then it iterates over all neurons and creates mappings neuron=copy_of and then calls Reconnect to exchange all the "wiring" I hope my approach is clear. The question is -- is there more elegant method, I particularly don't like keeping extra pointer in neuron class just in case of being copied! I would like to gather the data in one point (network's Clone) and then dispose it completely (Clone method cannot have an argument though).

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• Using `<List>` when dealing with pointers in C#.

  - by Gorchestopher H

  How can I add an item to a list if that item is essentially a pointer and avoid changing every item in my list to the newest instance of that item? Here's what I mean: I am doing image processing, and there is a chance that I will need to deal with images that come in faster than I can process (for a short period of time). After this "burst" of images I will rely on the fact that I can process faster than the average image rate, and will "catch-up" eventually. So, what I want to do is put my images into a <List> when I acquire them, then if my processing thread isn't busy, I can take an image from that list and hand it over. My issue is that I am worried that since I am adding the image "Image1" to the list, then filling "Image1" with a new image (during the next image acquisition) I will be replacing the image stored in the list with the new image as well (as the image variable is actually just a pointer). So, my code looks a little like this: while (!exitcondition) { if(ImageAvailabe()) { Image1 = AcquireImage(); ImgList.Add(Image1); } if(ImgList.Count 0) { ProcessEngine.NewImage(ImgList[0]); ImgList.RemoveAt(0); } } Given the above, how can I ensure that: - I don't replace all items in the list every time Image1 is modified. - I don't need to pre-declare a number of images in order to do this kind of processing. - I don't create a memory devouring monster. Any advice is greatly appreciated.

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• error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node')

  - by Roshan S.A

  Why cant i access the pointer "Cells" like an array ? i have allocated the appropriate memory why wont it act like an array here? it works like an array for a pointer of basic data types. #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> #define MAX 10 struct node { int e; struct node *next; }; typedef struct node *List; typedef struct node *Position; struct Hashtable { int Tablesize; List Cells; }; typedef struct Hashtable *HashT; HashT Initialize(int SIZE,HashT H) { int i; H=(HashT)malloc(sizeof(struct Hashtable)); if(H!=NULL) { H->Tablesize=SIZE; printf("\n\t%d",H->Tablesize); H->Cells=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct node)* H->Tablesize); should it not act like an array from here on? if(H->Cells!=NULL) { for(i=0;i<H->Tablesize;i++) the following lines are the ones that throw the error { H->Cells[i]->next=NULL; H->Cells[i]->e=i; printf("\n %d",H->Cells[i]->e); } } } else printf("\nError!Out of Space"); } int main() { HashT H; H=Initialize(10,H); return 0; } The error I get is as in the title-error: invalid type argument of '->' (have 'struct node').

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• Using shared_ptr to implement RCU (read-copy-update)?

  - by yongsun

  I'm very interested in the user-space RCU (read-copy-update), and trying to simulate one via tr1::shared_ptr, here is the code, while I'm really a newbie in concurrent programming, would some experts help me to review? The basic idea is, reader calls get_reading_copy() to gain the pointer of current protected data (let's say it's generation one, or G1). writer calls get_updating_copy() to gain a copy of the G1 (let's say it's G2), and only one writer is allowed to enter the critical section. After the updating is done, writer calls update() to do a swap, and make the m_data_ptr pointing to data G2. The ongoing readers and the writer now hold the shared_ptr of G1, and either a reader or a writer will eventually deallocate the G1 data. Any new readers would get the pointer to G2, and a new writer would get the copy of G2 (let's say G3). It's possible the G1 is not released yet, so multiple generations of data my co-exists. template <typename T> class rcu_protected { public: typedef T type; typedef std::tr1::shared_ptr<type> rcu_pointer; rcu_protected() : m_data_ptr (new type()) {} rcu_pointer get_reading_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); return m_data_ptr; } rcu_pointer get_updating_copy () { spin_until_eq (m_is_swapping, 0); while (!CAS (m_is_writing, 0, 1)) {/* do sleep for back-off when exceeding maximum retry times */} rcu_pointer new_data_ptr(new type(*m_data_ptr)); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a read barrier to protect the loading of // new_data_ptr not to be re-ordered before its construction _ReadBarrier(); return new_data_ptr; } void update (rcu_pointer new_data_ptr) { while (!CAS (m_is_swapping, 0, 1)) {} m_data_ptr.swap (new_data_ptr); // as spin_until_eq does not have memory barrier protection, // we need to place a write barrier to protect the assignments of // m_is_writing/m_is_swapping be re-ordered bofore the swapping _WriteBarrier(); m_is_writing = 0; m_is_swapping = 0; } private: volatile long m_is_writing; volatile long m_is_swapping; rcu_pointer m_data_ptr; };

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• Indices instead of pointers in STL containers?

  - by zvrba

  Due to specific requirements [*], I need a singly-linked list implementation that uses integer indices instead of pointers to link nodes. The indices are always interpreted with respect to a vector containing the list nodes. I thought I might achieve this by defining my own allocator, but looking into the gcc's implementation of , they explicitly use pointers for the link fields in the list nodes (i.e., they do not use the pointer type provided by the allocator): struct _List_node_base { _List_node_base* _M_next; ///< Self-explanatory _List_node_base* _M_prev; ///< Self-explanatory ... } (For this purpose, the allocator interface is also deficient in that it does not define a dereference function; "dereferencing" an integer index always needs a pointer to the underlying storage.) Do you know a library of STL-like data structures (i am mostly in need of singly- and doubly-linked list) that use indices (wrt. a base vector) instead of pointers to link nodes? [*] Saving space: the lists will contain many 32-bit integers. With two pointers per node (STL list is doubly-linked), the overhead is 200%, or 400% on 64-bit platform, not counting the overhead of the default allocator.

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• C++ infix to postfix conversion for logical conditions

  - by Gopalakrishnan Subramani

  I want to evaluate one expression in C++. To evaluate it, I want the expression to be converted to prefix format. Here is an example wstring expression = "Feature1 And Feature2"; Here are possible ways. expression = "Feature1 And (Feature2 Or Feature3)"; expression = "Not Feature1 Or Feature3"; Here And, Or, Not are reserved words and parentheses ("(", )) are used for scope Not has higher precedence And is set next precedence to Not Or is set to next precedence to And WHITE SPACE used for delimiter. Expression has no other elements like TAB, NEWLINE I don't need arithmetic expressions. I can do the evaluation but can somebody help me to convert the strings to prefix notation?

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• Initialize Static Array of Structs in C

  - by russell_h

  I implementing a card game in C. There are lots of types of cards and each has a bunch of information, including some actions that will need to be individually scripted associated with it. Given a struct like this (and I'm not certain I have the syntax right for the function pointer) struct CARD { int value; int cost; // This is a pointer to a function that carries out actions unique // to this card int (*do_actions) (struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2); }; I would like to initialize a static array of these, one for each card. I'm guessing this would look something like this int do_card0(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } int do_card1(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } extern static struct cardDefinitions[] = { {0, 1, do_card0}, {1, 3, do_card1} }; Will this work, and am I going about this the right way at all? I'm trying to avoid huge numbers of switch statements. Do I need to define the 'do_cardN' functions ahead of time, or is there some way to define them inline in the initialization of the struct (something like a lambda function in python)? I'll need read-only access to cardDefinitions from a different file - is 'extern static' correct for that? I know this is a lot of questions rolled into one but I'm really a bit vague about how to go about this. Thanks.

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• Can I prevent a Linux user space pthread yielding in critical code?

  - by KermitG

  I am working on an user space app for an embedded Linux project using the 2.6.24.3 kernel. My app passes data between two file nodes by creating 2 pthreads that each sleep until a asynchronous IO operation completes at which point it wakes and runs a completion handler. The completion handlers need to keep track of how many transfers are pending and maintain a handful of linked lists that one thread will add to and the other will remove. // sleep here until events arrive or time out expires for(;;) { no_of_events = io_getevents(ctx, 1, num_events, events, &timeout); // Process each aio event that has completed or thrown an error for (i=0; i<no_of_events; i++) { // Get pointer to completion handler io_complete = (io_callback_t) events[i].data; // Get pointer to data object iocb = (struct iocb *) events[i].obj; // Call completion handler and pass it the data object io_complete(ctx, iocb, events[i].res, events[i].res2); } } My question is this... Is there a simple way I can prevent the currently active thread from yielding whilst it runs the completion handler rather than going down the mutex/spin lock route? Or failing that can Linux be configured to prevent yielding a pthread when a mutex/spin lock is held?

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• c++-to-python swig caused memory leak! Related to Py_BuildValue and SWIG_NewPointerObj

  - by usfree74

  Hey gurus, I have the following Swig code that caused memory leak. PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer return Py_BuildValue( "(fO)", match, SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 0 /* own */)); } I figured that ptr is not freed properly. So I did the following: PyObject* FindBestMatch(const Bar& fp) { Foo* ptr(new Foo()); float match; // call a function to fill the foo pointer *PyObject *o = SWIG_NewPointerObj(ptr, SWIGTYPE_p_Foo, 1 /* own */);* <------- 1 means pass the ownership to python PyObject *result = Py_BuildValue("(fO)", match, o); Py_XDECREF(o); return result; } But I am not very sure whether this will cause memory corruption. Here, Py_XDECREF(o) will decrease the ref count, which can free memory used by object "o". But o is part of the return value "result". Freeing "o" can cause data corrupt, I guess? I tried my change. It works fine and the caller (python code) does see the expected data. But this could be because nobody else overwrites to that memory area. So what's the right way to deal with memory management of the above code? I search the swig docs, but don't see very concrete description. Please help! Thanks, xin

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• vector <T *> destructor

  - by Daniel.Z

  I have a class defined like: Class A { public: int num; A *parent; vector<A *> children; ... // constructor without parameters A(void) { this->num = 3; this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) children.push_back(new A(this,num-1)); } // constructor with parameters A(A *a,int n) { this->num = n; this->children->parent = a; for (int i=0;i<num;++i) this->children.push_back(new A(this,this->num-1)); } }; now, the constructor works fine. there are some problem with destructor. currently, the destructor is defined as: A::~A(void) { if (this->parent!=0) this->parent = 0; for (int i=0;i<(int)children.size();++i) this->children[i]->~A(); vector <A *> ().swap(this->children); } but every time when I debug it, it will break at: void deallocate(pointer _Ptr, size_type) { // deallocate object at _Ptr, ignore size ::operator delete(_Ptr); } it looks like I cannot delete the pointer in the vector of this-children, is there any way that I can de-construct the class successfully?

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• Delivering activity feed items in a moderately scalable way

  - by sotangochips

  The application I'm working on has an activity feed where each user can see their friends' activity (much like Facebook). I'm looking for a moderately scalable way to show a given users' activity stream on the fly. I say 'moderately' because I'm looking to do this with just a database (Postgresql) and maybe memcached. For instance, I want this solution to scale to 200k users each with 100 friends. Currently, there is a master activity table that stores the rendered html for the given activity (Jim added a friend, George installed an application, etc.). This master activity table keeps the source user, the html, and a timestamp. Then, there's a separate ('join') table that simply keeps a pointer to the person who should see this activity in their friend feed, and a pointer to the object in the main activity table. So, if I have 100 friends, and I do 3 activities, then the join table will then grow to 300 items. Clearly this table will grow very quickly. It has the nice property, though, that fetching activity to show to a user takes a single (relatively) inexpensive query. The other option is to just keep the main activity table and query it by saying something like: select * from activity where source_user in (1, 2, 44, 2423, ... my friend list) This has the disadvantage that you're querying for users who may never be active, and as your friend list grows, this query can get slower and slower. I see the pros and the cons of both sides, but I'm wondering if some SO folks might help me weigh the options and suggest one way or they other. I'm also open to other solutions, though I'd like to keep it simple and not install something like CouchDB, etc. Many thanks!

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• Integers in JavaScript

  - by muntoo

  I'm a beginner to Javascript so forgive me if I sound dumb because I learned some Javascript from W3Fools (which are really difficult tutorials - they don't explain anything I want to know, but everything I probably can guess from my experience with C++). I may be switching over to MDN, but if you can recommend any other tutorials, that be great. Anyways, so here's my question: I just read a few lines of this, and apparently: Numbers in JavaScript are "double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754 values", according to the spec. This has some interesting consequences. There's no such thing as an integer in JavaScript, so you have to be a little careful with your arithmetic if you're used to math in C or Java. I've already seen that there are few of the data types (for variables) I'm used to from C++. But I didn't expect all numbers to automatically be floats. Isn't there any way to use integers, not float? Will a future version of JavaScript support ints?

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• center div tags inside parent div

  - by Senthilnathan

  I have two div tags inside a parent div. I want to display the two divs in same line and centered. Below is the html code. <div id="parent"> <div id="addEditBtn" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width:20px; cursor:pointer;" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"> <span class="ui-icon ui-icon-pencil"></span></div> <div id="deleteBtn" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width:20px; cursor:pointer;" class="ui-state-default ui-corner-all"> <span class="ui-icon ui-icon-trash"></span></div> </div> I tried with "display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle;" but its getting aligned left. Please help me out to centered the div tags inside the parent div.

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• I am not able to kill a child process using TerminateProcess

  - by user1681210

  I have a problem to kill a child process using TerminateProcess. I call to this function and the process still there (in the Task Manager) This piece of code is called many times launching the same program.exe many times and these process are there in the task manager which i think is not good. sorry, I am quiet new in c++ I will really appreciate any help. thanks a lot!! the code is the following: STARTUPINFO childProcStartupInfo; memset( &childProcStartupInfo, 0, sizeof(childProcStartupInfo)); childProcStartupInfo.cb = sizeof(childProcStartupInfo); childProcStartupInfo.hStdInput = hFromParent; // stdin childProcStartupInfo.hStdOutput = hToParent; // stdout childProcStartupInfo.hStdError = hToParentDup; // stderr childProcStartupInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW; childProcStartupInfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE; PROCESS_INFORMATION childProcInfo; /* for CreateProcess call */ bOk = CreateProcess( NULL, // filename pCmdLine, // full command line for child NULL, // process security descriptor */ NULL, // thread security descriptor */ TRUE, // inherit handles? Also use if STARTF_USESTDHANDLES */ 0, // creation flags */ NULL, // inherited environment address */ NULL, // startup dir; NULL = start in current */ &childProcStartupInfo, // pointer to startup info (input) */ &childProcInfo); // pointer to process info (output) */ CloseHandle( hFromParent ); CloseHandle( hToParent ); CloseHandle( hToParentDup ); CloseHandle( childProcInfo.hThread); CloseHandle( childProcInfo.hProcess); TerminateProcess( childProcInfo.hProcess ,0); //this is not working, the process thanks

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• What does it mean to pass a &variable to a function? E.g., string& insert ( size_t pos1, const strin

  - by Bob Montgomery

  I understand passing a pointer, and returning a pointer: char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source ); You're passing a variable that contains the address to a char; returning the same. But what does it mean to pass something using the reference operator? Or to return it? string& insert ( size_t pos1, const string& str ); I mean, I understand what actually happens, I just don't understand the notation. Why isn't the notation this instead: string * insert ( size_t pos1, const string * str ); //made up I presume it has something to do with passing/returning the instance of a class, but what? Is this syntax valid; if not why not and if so what does it mean? char & strcat ( char & destination, const char & source ); //made up (all of the function declarations, except the last made-up two, are from http://www.cplusplus.com )

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• A trivial Python SWIG error question

  - by Alex

  I am trying to get Python running with swig to do C/C++. I am running the tutorial here, 'building a python module'. When I do the call gcc -c example.c example_wrap.c -I /my_correct_path/python2.5 I get an error: my_correct_path/python2.5/pyport.h:761:2: error: #error "LONG_BIT definition appears wrong for platform (bad gcc/glibc config?)." example_wrap.c: In function 'SWIG_Python_ConvertFunctionPtr': example_wrap.c:2034: warning: initialization discards qualifiers from pointer target type example_wrap.c: In function 'SWIG_Python_FixMethods': example_wrap.c:3232: warning: initialization discards qualifiers from pointer target type It actually does create an example.o file, but it doesn't work. I am using python2.5 not 2.1 as in the example, is this a problem? The error (everything else is just a 'warning') says something about wrong platform. This is a 64bit machine; is this a problem? Is my gcc configured wrong for my machine? How do I get past this? UPDATE: I am still having problems. How do I actually implement this "fix"?

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• How to store and remove dynamically and automatic variable of generic data type in custum list data

  - by Vineel Kumar Reddy

  Hi I have created a List data structure implementation for generic data type with each node declared as following. struct Node { void *data; .... .... } So each node in my list will have pointer to the actual data(generic could be anything) item that should be stored in the list. I have following signature for adding a node to the list AddNode(struct List *list, void* eledata); the problem is when i want to remove a node i want to free even the data block pointed by *data pointer inside the node structure that is going to be freed. at first freeing of datablock seems to be straight forward free(data) // forget about the syntax..... But if data is pointing to a block created by malloc then the above call is fine....and we can free that block using free function int *x = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int)); *x = 10; AddNode(list,(void*)x); // x can be freed as it was created using malloc what if a node is created as following int x = 10; AddNode(list,(void*)&x); // x cannot be freed as it was not created using malloc Here we cannot call free on variable x!!!! How do i know or implement the functionality for both dynamically allocated variables and static ones....that are passed to my list.... Thanks in advance...

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• C++ polymorphism, function calls

  - by moai

  Okay, I'm pretty inexperienced as a programmer, let alone in C++, so bear with me here. What I wanted to do was to have a container class hold a parent class pointer and then use polymorphism to store a child class object. The thing is that I want to call one of the child class's functions through the parent class pointer. Here's a sort of example of what I mean in code: class SuperClass { public: int x; } class SubClass : public SuperClass { public: void function1() { x += 1; } } class Container { public: SuperClass * alpha; Container(SuperClass& beta) { alpha = beta; } } int main() { Container cont = new Container(new SubClass); } (I'm not sure that's right, I'm still really shaky on pointers. I hope it gets the point across, at least.) So, I'm not entirely sure whether I can do this or not. I have a sneaking suspicion the answer is no, but I want to be sure. If someone has another way to accomplish this sort of thing, I'd be glad to hear it.

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• Basic problems (type inference or something else?) in Objective-C/Cocoa.

  - by Matt

  Hi, Apologies for how basic these questions are to some. Just started learning Cocoa, working through Hillegass' book, and am trying to write my first program (a GUI Cocoa app that counts the number of characters in a string). I tried this: NSString *string = [textField stringValue]; NSUInteger *stringLength = [string length]; NSString *countString = (@"There are %u characters",stringLength); [label setStringValue:countString]; But I'm getting errors like: Incompatible pointer conversion initializing 'NSUInteger' (aka 'unsigned long'), expected 'NSUInteger *'[-pedantic] for the first line, and this for the second line: Incompatible pointer types initializing 'NSUInteger *', expected 'NSString *' [-pedantic] I did try this first, but it didn't work either: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] On a similar note, I've only written in easy scripting languages before now, and I'm not sure when I should be allocing/initing objects and when I shouldn't. For example, when is it okay to do this: NSString *myString = @"foo"; or int *length = 5; instead of this: NSString *myString = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:"foo"]; And which ones should I be putting into the header files? I did check Apple's documentation, and CocoaDev, and the book I'm working for but without luck. Maybe I'm looking in the wrong places.. Thanks to anyone who takes the time to reply this: it's appreciated, and thanks for being patient with a beginner. We all start somewhere. EDIT Okay, I tried the following again: [label setStringValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"There are %u characters",[[textField stringValue] length]]] And it actually worked this time. Not sure why it didn't the first time, though I think I might have typed %d instead of %u by mistake. However I still don't understand why the code I posted at the top of my original post doesn't work, and I have no idea what the errors mean, and I'd very much like to know because it seems like I'm missing something important there.

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• Interpreter in C++: Function table storage problem

  - by sub

  In my interpreter I have built-in functions available in the language like print exit input, etc. These functions can obviously be accessed from inside the language. The interpreter then looks for the corresponding function with the right name in a vector and calls it via a pointer stored with its name. So I gather all these functions in files like io.cpp, string.cpp, arithmetic.cpp. But I have to add every function to the function list in the interpreter in order for it to be found. So in these function files I have things like: void print( arg ) { cout << arg.ToString; } I'd add this print function to the interpreter function list with: interpreter.AddFunc( "print", print ); But where should I call the interpreter.AddFunc? I can't just put it there below the print function as it has to be in a function according to the C++ syntax. Where and how should all the functions be added to the list?

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• CreateProcess() fails with an access violation

  - by John Doe

  My aim is to execute an external executable in my program. First, I used system() function, but I don't want the console to be seen to the user. So, I searched a bit, and found CreateProcess() function. However, when I try to pass a parameter to it, I don't know why, it fails. I took this code from MSDN, and changed a bit: #include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <tchar.h> void _tmain( int argc, TCHAR *argv[] ) { STARTUPINFO si; PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; ZeroMemory( &si, sizeof(si) ); si.cb = sizeof(si); ZeroMemory( &pi, sizeof(pi) ); /* if( argc != 2 ) { printf("Usage: %s [cmdline]\n", argv[0]); return; } */ // Start the child process. if( !CreateProcess( NULL, // No module name (use command line) L"c:\\users\\e\\desktop\\mspaint.exe", // Command line NULL, // Process handle not inheritable NULL, // Thread handle not inheritable FALSE, // Set handle inheritance to FALSE 0, // No creation flags NULL, // Use parent's environment block NULL, // Use parent's starting directory &si, // Pointer to STARTUPINFO structure &pi ) // Pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION structure ) { printf( "CreateProcess failed (%d).\n", GetLastError() ); return; } // Wait until child process exits. WaitForSingleObject( pi.hProcess, INFINITE ); // Close process and thread handles. CloseHandle( pi.hProcess ); CloseHandle( pi.hThread ); } However, this code crated access violation somehow. Can I execute mspaint without showing user the console? Thank you very much.

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• How do I write in-code comments and documentation in a proper way? Is there any standard for this?

  - by hkBattousai

  I want to add documentation in my code by means of comment lines. Is there any standard format for this? For example, consider the code below: class Arithmetic { // This method adds two numbers, and returns the result. // dbNum1 is the first number to add, and dbNum2 is second. // The returning value is dbNum1+dbNum2. static double AddTwoNumbers(double dbNum1, double dbNum2); } For this example code, is there any better way of writing the comment lines?

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• C to Assembly code - what does it mean

  - by Smith

  I'm trying to figure out exactly what is going on with the following assembly code. Can someone go down line by line and explain what is happening? I input what I think is happening (see comments) but need clarification. .file "testcalc.c" .section .rodata.str1.1,"aMS",@progbits,1 .LC0: .string "x=%d, y=%d, z=%d, result=%d\n" .text .globl main .type main, @function main: leal 4(%esp), %ecx // establish stack frame andl $-16, %esp // decrement %esp by 16, align stack pushl -4(%ecx) // push original stack pointer pushl %ebp // save base pointer movl %esp, %ebp // establish stack frame pushl %ecx // save to ecx subl $36, %esp // alloc 36 bytes for local vars movl $11, 8(%esp) // store 11 in z movl $6, 4(%esp) // store 6 in y movl $2, (%esp) // store 2 in x call calc // function call to calc movl %eax, 20(%esp) // %esp + 20 into %eax movl $11, 16(%esp) // WHAT movl $6, 12(%esp) // WHAT movl $2, 8(%esp) // WHAT movl $.LC0, 4(%esp) // WHAT?!?! movl $1, (%esp) // move result into address of %esp call __printf_chk // call printf function addl $36, %esp // WHAT? popl %ecx popl %ebp leal -4(%ecx), %esp ret .size main, .-main .ident "GCC: (Ubuntu 4.3.3-5ubuntu4) 4.3.3" .section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits Original code: #include <stdio.h> int calc(int x, int y, int z); int main() { int x = 2; int y = 6; int z = 11; int result; result = calc(x,y,z); printf("x=%d, y=%d, z=%d, result=%d\n",x,y,z,result); }

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• C++ trouble with pointers to objects

  - by Zibd

  I have a class with a vector of pointers to objects. I've introduced some elements on this vector, and on my main file I've managed to print them and add others with no problems. Now I'm trying to remove an element from that vector and check to see if it's not NULL but it is not working. I'm filling it with on class Test: Other *a = new Other(1,1); Other *b = new Other(2,2); Other *c = new Other(3,3); v->push_back(a); v->push_back(b); v->push_back(c); And on my main file I have: Test t; (...) Other *pointer = t.vect->at(0); delete t.vect->at(0); t.vect->erase(t.vect->begin()); if (pointer == NULL) { cout << "Nothing here.."; } // Never enters here..

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• useer degined Copy ctor, and copy-ctors further down the chain - compiler bug ? programers brainbug

  - by J.Colmsee

  Hi. i have a little problem, and I am not sure if it's a compiler bug, or stupidity on my side. I have this struct : struct BulletFXData { int time_next_fx_counter; int next_fx_steps; Particle particles[2];//this is the interesting one ParticleManager::ParticleId particle_id[2]; }; The member "Particle particles[2]" has a self-made kind of smart-ptr in it (resource-counted texture-class). this smart-pointer has a default constructor, that initializes to the ptr to 0 (but that is not important) I also have another struct, containing the BulletFXData struct : struct BulletFX { BulletFXData data; BulletFXRenderFunPtr render_fun_ptr; BulletFXUpdateFunPtr update_fun_ptr; BulletFXExplosionFunPtr explode_fun_ptr; BulletFXLifetimeOverFunPtr lifetime_over_fun_ptr; BulletFX( BulletFXData data, BulletFXRenderFunPtr render_fun_ptr, BulletFXUpdateFunPtr update_fun_ptr, BulletFXExplosionFunPtr explode_fun_ptr, BulletFXLifetimeOverFunPtr lifetime_over_fun_ptr) :data(data), render_fun_ptr(render_fun_ptr), update_fun_ptr(update_fun_ptr), explode_fun_ptr(explode_fun_ptr), lifetime_over_fun_ptr(lifetime_over_fun_ptr) { } /* //USER DEFINED copy-ctor. if it's defined things go crazy BulletFX(const BulletFX& rhs) :data(data),//this line of code seems to do a plain memory-copy without calling the right ctors render_fun_ptr(render_fun_ptr), update_fun_ptr(update_fun_ptr), explode_fun_ptr(explode_fun_ptr), lifetime_over_fun_ptr(lifetime_over_fun_ptr) { } */ }; If i use the user-defined copy-ctor my smart-pointer class goes crazy, and it seems that calling the CopyCtor / assignment operator aren't called as they should. So - does this all make sense ? it seems as if my own copy-ctor of struct BulletFX should do exactly what the compiler-generated would, but it seems to forget to call the right constructors down the chain. compiler bug ? me being stupid ? Sorry about the big code, some small example could have illustrated too. but often you guys ask for the real code, so well - here it is :D

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