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  • Why so much stack space used for each recursion?

    - by Harvey
    I have a simple recursive function RCompare() that calls a more complex function Compare() which returns before the recursive call. Each recursion level uses 248 bytes of stack space which seems like way more than it should. Here is the recursive function: void CMList::RCompare(MP n1) // RECURSIVE and Looping compare function { auto MP ne=n1->mf; while(StkAvl() && Compare(n1=ne->mb)) RCompare(n1); // Recursive call ! } StkAvl() is a simple stack space check function that compares the address of an auto variable to the value of an address near the end of the stack stored in a static variable. It seems to me that the only things added to the stack in each recursion are two pointer variables (MP is a pointer to a structure) and the stuff that one function call stores, a few saved registers, base pointer, return address, etc., all 32-bit (4 byte) values. There's no way that is 248 bytes is it? I don't no how to actually look at the stack in a meaningful way in Visual Studio 2008. Thanks

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  • Accessing Firefox tab element in nsIWebProgressListener::OnStateChange using C++

    - by Vaibhav Gade
    Hi All, I am developing extension for Firefox 3.0-3.5 versions using VS2008. I want to set attribute to a tab once the document load request completes within that tab window. So in OnStateChange method, I am checking for document load. I have used STATE_STOP & STATE_IS_DOCUMENT for it. I want to determine which tab window has been associated with particular document request. I have valid DOM Document pointer got from nsIWebProgress *aWebProgress which is 1st input parameter of OnStateChange. if ((aStateFlags & STATE_STOP) && (aStateFlags & STATE_IS_DOCUMENT)) { nsCOMPtr<nsIDOMWindow> domwin; nsCOMPtr<nsIDOMDocument> domDoc; aWebProgress->GetDOMWindow(getter_AddRefs(domwin)); domwin->GetDocument(getter_AddRefs(domDoc)); } I have tried to get nsIDOMDocumentXBL pointer by QIing nsIDOMDocument pointer(domDoc in my example) but it fails with Error code 0x80004002 (2147500034) i.e.NS_ERROR_NO_INTERFACE. How do I get the tab element corresponding to document load request. Could any one please help me? Thanks in Advance, Vaibhav D. Gade.

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  • c - strncpy issue

    - by Joe
    Hi there, I am getting segmentation fault when using strncpy and (pointer-to-struct)-(member) notation: I have simplified my code. I initialise a struct and set all of it's tokens to an empty string. Then a declare a pointer to a struct and assign the address of the struct to it. I pass the pointer to a function. I can print out the contents of the struct at the beginning of the function, but if I try to use the tp - mnemonic in a strncpy function, I get seg fault. Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong? typedef struct tok { char* label; char* mnem; char* operand; }Tokens; Tokens* tokenise(Tokens* tp, char* line) { // This prints fine printf("Print this - %s\n", tp -> mnem); // This function gives me segmentation fault strncpy(tp -> mnem, line, 4); return tp; } int main() { char* line = "This is a line"; Tokens tokens; tokens.label = ""; tokens.mnem = "load"; tokens.operand = ""; Tokens* tp = &tokens; tp = tokenise(tp, line); return 0; } I have used printf statements to confirm that the code definitely stops executing at the strncpy function. Can anyone tell me where I am going wrong? Many thanks Joe

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  • Why does std::cout convert volatile pointers to bool?

    - by Joseph Garvin
    If you try to cout a volatile pointer, even a volatile char pointer where you would normally expect cout to print the string, you will instead simply get '1' (assuming the pointer is not null I think). I assume output stream operator<< is template specialized for volatile pointers, but my question is, why? What use case motivates this behavior? Example code: #include <iostream> #include <cstring> int main() { char x[500]; std::strcpy(x, "Hello world"); int y; int *z = &y; std::cout << x << std::endl; std::cout << (char volatile*)x << std::endl; std::cout << z << std::endl; std::cout << (int volatile*)z << std::endl; return 0; } Output: Hello world 1 0x8046b6c 1

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  • How to get rid of void-pointers.

    - by Patrick
    I inherited a big application that was originally written in C (but in the mean time a lot of C++ was also added to it). Because of historical reasons, the application contains a lot of void-pointers. Before you start to choke, let me explain why this was done. The application contains many different data structures, but they are stored in 'generic' containers. Nowadays I would use templated STL containers for it, or I would give all data structures a common base class, so that the container can store pointers to the base class, but in the [good?] old C days, the only solution was to cast the struct-pointer to a void-pointer. Additionally, there is a lot of code that works on these void-pointers, and uses very strange C constructions to emulate polymorphism in C. I am now reworking the application, and trying to get rid of the void-pointers. Adding a common base-class to all the data structures isn't that hard (few days of work), but the problem is that the code is full of constructions like shown below. This is an example of how data is stored: void storeData (int datatype, void *data); // function prototype ... Customer *myCustomer = ...; storeData (TYPE_CUSTOMER, myCustomer); This is an example of how data is fetched again: Customer *myCustomer = (Customer *) fetchData (int datatype, char *key); I actually want to replace all the void-pointers with some smart-pointer (reference-counted), but I can't find a trick to automate (or at least) help me to get rid of all the casts to and from void-pointers. Any tips on how to find, replace, or interact in any possible way with these conversions?

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  • should std::auto_ptr<>::operator = reset / deallocate its existing pointee ?

    - by afriza
    I read here about std::auto_ptr<::operator= Notice however that the left-hand side object is not automatically deallocated when it already points to some object. You can explicitly do this by calling member function reset before assigning it a new value. However, when I read the source code for header file C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\ce\include\memory template<class _Other> auto_ptr<_Ty>& operator=(auto_ptr<_Other>& _Right) _THROW0() { // assign compatible _Right (assume pointer) reset(_Right.release()); return (*this); } auto_ptr<_Ty>& operator=(auto_ptr<_Ty>& _Right) _THROW0() { // assign compatible _Right (assume pointer) reset(_Right.release()); return (*this); } auto_ptr<_Ty>& operator=(auto_ptr_ref<_Ty> _Right) _THROW0() { // assign compatible _Right._Ref (assume pointer) _Ty **_Pptr = (_Ty **)_Right._Ref; _Ty *_Ptr = *_Pptr; *_Pptr = 0; // release old reset(_Ptr); // set new return (*this); } What is the correct/standard behavior? How do other STL implementations behave?

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  • What's correct way to remove a boost::shared_ptr from a list?

    - by Catskul
    I have a std::list of boost::shared_ptr<T> and I want to remove an item from it but I only have a pointer of type T* which matches one of the items in the list. However I cant use myList.remove( tPtr ) I'm guessing because shared_ptr does not implement == for its template argument type. My immediate thought was to try myList.remove( shared_ptr<T>(tPtr) ) which is syntactically correct but it will crash from a double delete since the temporary shared_ptr has a separate use_count. std::list< boost::shared_ptr<T> > myList; T* tThisPtr = new T(); // This is wrong; only done for example code. // stand-in for actual code in T using // T's actual "this" pointer from within T { boost::shared_ptr<T> toAdd( tThisPtr ); // typically would be new T() myList.push_back( toAdd ); } { //T has pointer to myList so that upon a certain action, // it will remove itself romt the list //myList.remove( tThisPtr); //doesn't compile myList.remove( boost::shared_ptr<T>(tThisPtr) ); // compiles, but causes // double delete } The only options I see remaining are to use std::find with a custom compare, or to loop through the list brute force and find it myself, but it seems there should be a better way. Am I missing something obvious, or is this just too non-standard a use to be doing a remove the clean/normal way?

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  • What is the correct JNA mapping for UniChar on Mac OS X?

    - by Trejkaz
    I have a C struct like this: struct HFSUniStr255 { UInt16 length; UniChar unicode[255]; }; I have mapped this in the expected way: public class HFSUniStr255 extends Structure { public UInt16 length; // UInt16 is just an IntegerType with length 2 for convenience. public /*UniChar*/ char[] unicode = new char[255]; //public /*UniChar*/ byte[] unicode = new byte[255*2]; //public /*UniChar*/ UInt16[] unicode = new UInt16[255]; public HFSUniStr255() { } public HFSUniStr255(Pointer pointer) { super(pointer); } } If I use this version, I get every second character of the string into my char[] ("aits D" for "Macintosh HD".) I am assuming that this is something to do with being on a 64-bit platform and JNA mapping the value to a 32-bit wchar_t but then chopping off the high 16 bits on each wchar_t on copying them back. If I use the byte[] version, I get data which decodes correctly using the UTF-16LE charset. If I use the UInt16[] version, I get the right code point for each character but it is then inconvenient to convert them back into a string. Is there some way I can define my type as char[], and yet have it convert correctly?

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  • COM-Objects containing maps / content error(0)

    - by Florian Berzsenyi
    I'm writing a small wrapper to get familiar with some important topics in C++ (WinAPI, COM, STL,OOP). For now, my class shall be able to create a (child) window. Mainly, this window is connected to a global message loop that distribute messages to a local loop of the right instance (global is static, local is virtual). Obviously, there are surely better ways to do that but I'm using std::maps to store HWND and their instance pointer in pairs (the Global loop looks for the pointer with the HWND-parameter, gets itself the pointer from the map and calls then the local loop). Now, it appears that the map does not accept any values because of a unknown reason. It seems to allocate enough space but something went wrong anyway [ (error) 0 is displayed instead of the entries in visual C++). I've looked that up in google as well and found out that maps cause some trouble when used in classes AND DLLs. May this be the reason and is there any solution?? Protected scope of class: static std::map<HWND,MAP_BASE_OBJECT*> m_LoopBuf Implementation in .cpp-file: std::map<HWND,MAP_BASE_OBJECT*> HWindow::m_LoopBuf;

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  • Defining an implementation independent version of the global object in JavaScript

    - by Aadit M Shah
    I'm trying to define the global object in JavaScript in a single line as follows: var global = this.global || this; The above statement is in the global scope. Hence in browsers the this pointer is an alias for the window object. Assuming that it's the first line of JavaScript to be executed in the context of the current web page, the value of global will always be the same as that of the this pointer or the window object. In CommonJS implementations, such as RingoJS and node.js the this pointer points to the current ModuleScope. However, we can access the global object through the property global defined on the ModuleScope. Hence we can access it via the this.global property. Hence this code snippet works in all browsers and in at least RingoJS and node.js, but I have not tested other CommomJS implementations. Thus I would like to know if this code will not yield correct results when run on any other CommonJS implementation, and if so how I may fix it. Eventually, I intend to use it in a lambda expression for my implementation independent JavaScript framework as follows (idea from jQuery): (function (global) { // javascript framework })(this.global || this);

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  • Qt/C++, Problems with large QImage

    - by David Günzel
    I'm pretty new to C++/Qt and I'm trying to create an application with Visual Studio C++ and Qt (4.8.3). The application displays images using a QGraphicsView, I need to change the images at pixel level. The basic code is (simplified): QImage* img = new QImage(img_width,img_height,QImage::Format_RGB32); while(do_some_stuff) { img->setPixel(x,y,color); } QGraphicsPixmapItem* pm = new QGraphicsPixmapItem(QPixmap::fromImage(*img)); QGraphicsScene* sc = new QGraphicsScene; sc->setSceneRect(0,0,img->width(),img->height()); sc->addItem(pm); ui.graphicsView->setScene(sc); This works well for images up to around 12000x6000 pixel. The weird thing happens beyond this size. When I set img_width=16000 and img_height=8000, for example, the line img = new QImage(...) returns a null image. The image data should be around 512,000,000 bytes, so it shouldn't be too large, even on a 32 bit system. Also, my machine (Win 7 64bit, 8 GB RAM) should be capable of holding the data. I've also tried this version: uchar* imgbuf = (uchar*) malloc(img_width*img_height*4); QImage* img = new QImage(imgbuf,img_width,img_height,QImage::Format_RGB32); At first, this works. The img pointer is valid and calling img-width() for example returns the correct image width (instead of 0, in case the image pointer is null). But as soon as I call img-setPixel(), the pointer becomes null and img-width() returns 0. So what am I doing wrong? Or is there a better way of modifying large images on pixel level? Regards, David

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  • Common lisp, CFFI, and instantiating c structs

    - by andrew
    Hi, I've been on google for about, oh, 3 hours looking for a solution to this "problem." I'm trying to figure out how to instantiate a C structure in lisp using CFFI. I have a struct in c: struct cpVect{cpFloat x,y;} Simple right? I have auto-generated CFFI bindings (swig, I think) to this struct: (cffi:defcstruct #.(chipmunk-lispify "cpVect" 'classname) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "x" 'slotname) :double) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "y" 'slotname) :double)) This generates a struct "VECT" with slots :X and :Y, which foreign-slot-names confirms (please note that I neither generated the bindings or programmed the C library (chipmunk physics), but the actual functions are being called from lisp just fine). I've searched far and wide, and maybe I've seen it 100 times and glossed over it, but I cannot figure out how to create a instance of cpVect in lisp to use in other functions. Note the function: cpShape *cpPolyShapeNew(cpBody *body, int numVerts, cpVect *verts, cpVect offset) Takes not only a cpVect, but also a pointer to a set of cpVects, which brings me to my second question: how do I create a pointer to a set of structs? I've been to http://common-lisp.net/project/cffi/manual/html_node/defcstruct.html and tried the code, but get "Error: Unbound variable: PTR" (I'm in Clozure CL), not to mention that looks to only return a pointer, not an instance. I'm new to lisp, been going pretty strong so far, but this is the first real problem I've hit that I can't figure out. Thanks!

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  • The Implications of Modern Day Software Development Abstractions

    - by Andreas Grech
    I am currently doing a dissertation about the implications or dangers that today's software development practices or teachings may have on the long term effects of programming. Just to make it clear: I am not attacking the use abstractions in programming. Every programmer knows that abstractions are the bases for modularity. What I want to investigate with this dissertation are the positive and negative effects abstractions can have in software development. As regards the positive, I am sure that I can find many sources that can confirm this. But what about the negative effects of abstractions? Do you have any stories to share that talk about when certain abstractions failed on you? The main concern is that many programmers today are programming against abstractions without having the faintest idea of what the abstraction is doing under-the-covers. This may very well lead to bugs and bad design. So, in you're opinion, how important is it that programmers actually know what is going below the abstractions? Taking a simple example from Joel's Back to Basics, C's strcat: void strcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); } The above function hosts the issue that if you are doing string concatenation, the function is always starting from the beginning of the dest pointer to find the null terminator character, whereas if you write the function as follows, you will return a pointer to where the concatenated string is, which in turn allows you to pass this new pointer to the concatenation function as the *dest parameter: char* mystrcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); return --dest; } Now this is obviously a very simple as regards abstractions, but it is the same concept I shall be investigating. Finally, what do you think about the issue that schools are preferring to teach Java instead of C and Lisp ? Can you please give your opinions and your says as regards this subject? Thank you for your time and I appreciate every comment.

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  • Atomic swap in GNU C++

    - by Steve
    I want to verify that my understanding is correct. This kind of thing is tricky so I'm almost sure I am missing something. I have a program consisting of a real-time thread and a non-real-time thread. I want the non-RT thread to be able to swap a pointer to memory that is used by the RT thread. From the docs, my understanding is that this can be accomplished in g++ with: // global Data *rt_data; Data *swap_data(Data *new_data) { #ifdef __GNUC__ // Atomic pointer swap. Data *old_d = __sync_lock_test_and_set(&rt_data, new_data); #else // Non-atomic, cross your fingers. Data *old_d = rt_data; rt_data = new_data; #endif return old_d; } This is the only place in the program (other than initial setup) where rt_data is modified. When rt_data is used in the real-time context, it is copied to a local pointer. For old_d, later on when it is sure that the old memory is not used, it will be freed in the non-RT thread. Is this correct? Do I need volatile anywhere? Are there other synchronization primitives I should be calling? By the way I am doing this in C++, although I'm interested in whether the answer differs for C. Thanks ahead of time.

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  • What is the purpose of the s==NULL case for mbrtowc?

    - by R..
    mbrtowc is specified to handle a NULL pointer for the s (multibyte character pointer) argument as follows: If s is a null pointer, the mbrtowc() function shall be equivalent to the call: mbrtowc(NULL, "", 1, ps) In this case, the values of the arguments pwc and n are ignored. As far as I can tell, this usage is largely useless. If ps is not storing any partially-converted character, the call will simply return 0 with no side effects. If ps is storing a partially-converted character, then since '\0' is not valid as the next byte in a multibyte sequence ('\0' can only be a string terminator), the call will return (size_t)-1 with errno==EILSEQ. and leave ps in an undefined state. The intended usage seems to have been to reset the state variable, particularly when NULL is passed for ps and the internal state has been used, analogous to mbtowc's behavior with stateful encodings, but this is not specified anywhere as far as I can tell, and it conflicts with the semantics for mbrtowc's storage of partially-converted characters (if mbrtowc were to reset state when encountering a 0 byte after a potentially-valid initial subsequence, it would be unable to detect this dangerous invalid sequence). If mbrtowc were specified to reset the state variable only when s is NULL, but not when it points to a 0 byte, a desirable state-reset behavior would be possible, but such behavior would violate the standard as written. Is this a defect in the standard? As far as I can tell, there is absolutely no way to reset the internal state (used when ps is NULL) once an illegal sequence has been encountered, and thus no correct program can use mbrtowc with ps==NULL.

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  • C standard addressing simplification inconsistency

    - by Chris Lutz
    Section §6.5.3.2 "Address and indirection operators" ¶3 says (relevant section only): The unary & operator returns the address of its operand. ... If the operand is the result of a unary * operator, neither that operator nor the & operator is evaluated and the result is as if both were omitted, except that the constraints on the operators still apply and the result is not an lvalue. Similarly, if the operand is the result of a [] operator, neither the & operator nor the unary * that is implied by the [] is evaluated and the result is as if the & operator were removed and the [] operator were changed to a + operator. ... This means that this: int *i = NULL; printf("%p", (void *) (&*i) ); printf("%p", (void *) (&i[10]) ); Should be perfectly legal, printing the null pointer (probably 0) and the null pointer plus 10 (probably 10). The standard seems very clear that both of those cases are required to be optimized. However, it doesn't seem to require the following to be optimized: struct { int a; short b; } *s = 0; printf("%p", (void *) (&s->b) ); This seems awfully inconsistent. I can see no reason that the above code shouldn't print the null pointer plus sizeof(int) (possibly 4). Simplifying a &-> expression is going to be the same conceptually (IMHO) as &[], a simple address-plus-offset. It's even an offset that's going to be determinable at compile time, rather than potentially runtime with the [] operator. Is there anything in the rationale about why this is so seemingly inconsistent?

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  • Chrome targeted CSS

    - by Chris
    I have some CSS code that hides the cursor on a web page (it is a client facing static screen with no interaction). The code I use to do this is below: *, html { cursor: url('/web/resources/graphics/blank.cur'), pointer; } Blank.cur is a totally blank cursor file. This code works perfectly well in all browsers when I host the web files on my local server but when I upload to a Windows CE webserver (our production unit) the cursor represents itself as a black box. Odd. After some testing it seems that chrome only has a problem with totally blank cursor files when served from WinCE web server, so I created a blank cursor with one pixel as white, specifically for chrome. How do I then target this CSS rule to chrome specifically? i.e. *, html { cursor: url('/web/resources/graphics/blank.cur'), pointer; } <!--[if CHROME]> *, html { cursor: url('/web/resources/graphics/blankChrome.cur'), pointer; } <![endif]-->

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  • How to encapsulate a WinAPI application into a C++ class

    - by Semen Semenych
    There is a simple WinAPI application. All it does currently is this: register a window class register a tray icon with a menu create a value in the registry in order to autostart and finally, it checks if it's unique using a mutex As I'm used to writing code mainly in C++, and no MFC is allowed, I'm forced to encapsulate this into C++ classes somehow. So far I've come up with such a design: there is a class that represents the application it keeps all the wndclass, hinstance, etc variables, where the hinstance is passed as a constructor parameter as well as the icmdshow and others (see WinMain prototype) it has functions for registering the window class, tray icon, reigstry information it encapsulates the message loop in a function In WinMain, the following is done: Application app(hInstance, szCmdLIne, iCmdShow); return app.exec(); and the constructor does the following: registerClass(); registerTray(); registerAutostart(); So far so good. Now the question is : how do I create the window procedure (must be static, as it's a c-style pointer to a function) AND keep track of what the application object is, that is, keep a pointer to an Application around. The main question is : is this how it's usually done? Am I complicating things too much? Is it fine to pass hInstance as a parameter to the Application constructor? And where's the WndProc? Maybe WndProc should be outside of class and the Application pointer be global? Then WndProc invokes Application methods in response to various events.

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  • XML Decryption Bug (referencing issue)

    - by OrangePekoe
    Hi, Needing some explanation of what exactly the decryption is doing, in addition to some help on solving the problem. Currently, when a portion of XML is encrypted, and then decrypted, the DOM appears to work correctly. We can see the element is encrypted and then see it return back once it is decrypted. Our problem lies when a user tries to change data in that same element after decryption has occurred. When a user changes some settings, data in the XML should change. However, if the user attempts to change an XML element that has been decrypted the changes are not reflected in the DOM. We have a reference pointer to the XML element that is used to bind the element to an object. If you encrypt the node and then decrypt it, the reference pointer now points to a valid orphaned XML element that is no longer part of the DOM. After decryption, there will be 2 copies of the XML element. One in the DOM as expected (though will not reflect new changes), and one orphaned element in memory that is still referenced by our pointer. The orphaned element is valid (reflects new changes). We can see that this orphaned element is owned by the DOM, but when we try to return its parent, it returns null. The question is: Where did this orphaned xml element come from? And how can we get it to correctly append (replace old data) to the DOM? The code resembles: public static void Decrypt(XmlDocument Doc, SymmetricAlgorithm Alg) { if (Doc == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Doc"); if (Alg == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Alg"); XmlElement encryptedElement = Doc.GetElementsByTagName("EncryptedData")[0] as XmlElement; if (encryptedElement == null) { throw new XmlException("The EncryptedData element was not found."); } EncryptedData edElement = new EncryptedData(); edElement.LoadXml(encryptedElement); EncryptedXml exml = new EncryptedXml(); byte[] rgbOutput = exml.DecryptData(edElement, Alg); exml.ReplaceData(encryptedElement, rgbOutput); }

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  • Can this code cause a memory leak (Arduino)

    - by tbraun89
    I have a arduino project and I created this struct: struct Project { boolean status; String name; struct Project* nextProject; }; In my application I parse some data and create Project objects. To have them in a list there is a pointer to the nextProject in each Project object expect the last. This is the code where I add new projects: void RssParser::addProject(boolean tempProjectStatus, String tempData) { if (!startProject) { startProject = true; firstProject.status = tempProjectStatus; firstProject.name = tempData; firstProject.nextProject = NULL; ptrToLastProject = &firstProject; } else { ptrToLastProject->nextProject = new Project(); ptrToLastProject->nextProject->status = tempProjectStatus; ptrToLastProject->nextProject->name = tempData; ptrToLastProject->nextProject->nextProject = NULL; ptrToLastProject = ptrToLastProject->nextProject; } } firstProject is an private instance variable and defined in the header file like this: Project firstProject; So if there actually no project was added, I use firstProject, to add a new one, if firstProject is set I use the nextProject pointer. Also I have a reset() method that deletes the pointer to the projects: void RssParser::reset() { delete ptrToLastProject; delete firstProject.nextProject; startProject = false; } After each parsing run I call reset() the problem is that the memory used is not released. If I comment out the addProject method there are no issues with my memory. Someone can tell me what could cause the memory leak?

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  • Tabindex is not working in ie 7

    - by Mayur
    Hi All, I used a tabindex in my code, everything is going great its works finr in Firefox, ie8, safari but its not working properly in ie7, when i used a tab index in ie7 it come up to two input file then it get back to index one; example: <div tabindex=1> <a onclick="slide_down()" style="cursor:pointer;width:160px; padding-bottom:10px;" >sample link</a> </div> <div tabindex=2> <a onclick="slide_down()" style="cursor:pointer;width:160px; padding-bottom:10px;" >sample link1</a> </div> <div tabindex=3> <a onclick="slide_down()" style="cursor:pointer;width:160px; padding-bottom:10px;" >sample link2</a> </div> Thanks

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  • C++ compiler unable to find function (namespace related)

    - by CS student
    I'm working in Visual Studio 2008 on a C++ programming assignment. We were supplied with files that define the following namespace hierarchy (the names are just for the sake of this post, I know "namespace XYZ-NAMESPACE" is redundant): (MAIN-NAMESPACE){ a bunch of functions/classes I need to implement... (EXCEPTIONS-NAMESPACE){ a bunch of exceptions } (POINTER-COLLECTIONS-NAMESPACE){ Set and LinkedList classes, plus iterators } } The MAIN-NAMESPACE contents are split between a bunch of files, and for some reason which I don't understand the operator<< for both Set and LinkedList is entirely outside of the MAIN-NAMESPACE (but within Set and LinkedList's header file). Here's the Set version: template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const MAIN-NAMESPACE::POINTER-COLLECTIONS-NAMESPACE::Set<T>& set) Now here's the problem: I have the following data structure: Set A Set B Set C double num It's defined to be in a class within MAIN-NAMESPACE. When I create an instance of the class, and try to print one of the sets, it tells me that: error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'const MAIN-NAMESPACE::POINTER-COLLECTIONS-NAMESPACE::Set' (or there is no acceptable conversion) However, if I just write a main() function, and create Set A, fill it up, and use the operator- it works. Any idea what is the problem? (note: I tried any combination of using and include I could think of).

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  • C++ and Dependency Injection in unit testing

    - by lhumongous
    Suppose I have a C++ class like so: class A { public: A() { } void SetNewB( const B& _b ) { m_B = _b; } private: B m_B; } In order to unit test something like this, I would have to break A's dependency on B. Since class A holds onto an actual object and not a pointer, I would have to refactor this code to take a pointer. Additionally, I would need to create a parent interface class for B so I can pass in my own fake of B when I test SetNewB. In this case, doesn't unit testing with dependency injection further complicate the existing code? If I make B a pointer, I'm now introducing heap allocation, and some piece of code is now responsible for cleaning it up (unless I use ref counted pointers). Additionally, if B is a rather trivial class with only a couple of member variables and functions, why introduce a whole new interface for it instead of just testing with an instance of B? I suppose you could make the argument that it would be easier to refactor A by using an interface. But are there some cases where two classes might need to be tightly coupled?

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  • system crash after declaring global object of the class

    - by coming out of void
    hi, i am very new to c++. i am getting system crash (not compilation error) in doing following: i am declaring global pointer of class. BGiftConfigFile *bgiftConfig; class BGiftConfigFile : public EftBarclaysGiftConfig { } in this class i am reading tags from xml file. it is crashing system when this pointer is used to retrieve value. i am doing coding for verifone terminal. int referenceSetting = bgiftConfig->getreferencesetting(); //system error getreferencesetting() is member fuction of class EftBarclaysGiftConfig i am confused about behavior of pointer in this case. i know i am doing something wrong but couldn't rectify it. When i declare one object of class locally it retrieves the value properly. BGiftConfigFile bgiftConfig1; int referenceSetting = bgiftConfig1->getreferencesetting(); //working But if i declare this object global it also crashes the system. i need to fetch values at different location in my code so i forced to use someting global. please suggest me how to rectify this problem.

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  • How to access variables in shared memory

    - by user1723361
    I am trying to create a shared memory segment containing three integers and an array. The segment is created and a pointer is attached, but when I try to access the values of the variables (whether changing, printing, etc.) I get a segmentation fault. Here is the code I tried: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #define SIZE 10 int* shm_front; int* shm_end; int* shm_count; int* shm_array; int shm_size = 3*sizeof(int) + sizeof(shm_array[SIZE]); int main(int argc, char* argsv[]) { int shmid; //create shared memory segment if((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, shm_size, 0644)) == -1) { printf("error in shmget"); exit(1); } //obtain the pointer to the segment if((shm_front = (int*)shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)) == (void *)-1) { printf("error in shmat"); exit(1); } //move down the segment to set the other pointers shm_end = shm_front + 1; shm_count = shm_front + 2; shm_array = shm_front + 3; //tests on shm //*shm_end = 10; //gives segmentation fault //printf("\n%d", *shm_front); //gives segmentation fault //clean-up //get rid of shared memory shmdt(shm_front); shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); //printf("\n\n"); return 0; } I tried accessing the shared memory by dereferencing the pointer to the struct, but got a segmentation fault each time.

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