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  • IPSec for LAN traffic: Basic considerations?

    - by chris_l
    This is a follow-up to my Encrypting absolutely everything... question. Important: This is not about the more usual IPSec setup, where you want to encrypt traffic between two LANs. My basic goal is to encrypt all traffic within a small company's LAN. One solution could be IPSec. I have just started to learn about IPSec, and before I decide on using it and dive in more deeply, I'd like to get an overview of how this could look like. Is there good cross-platform support? It must work on Linux, MacOS X and Windows clients, Linux servers, and it shouldn't require expensive network hardware. Can I enable IPSec for an entire machine (so there can be no other traffic incoming/outgoing), or for a network interface, or is it determined by firewall settings for individual ports/...? Can I easily ban non-IPSec IP packets? And also "Mallory's evil" IPSec traffic that is signed by some key, but not ours? My ideal conception is to make it impossible to have any such IP traffic on the LAN. For LAN-internal traffic: I would choose "ESP with authentication (no AH)", AES-256, in "Transport mode". Is this a reasonable decision? For LAN-Internet traffic: How would it work with the internet gateway? Would I use "Tunnel mode" to create an IPSec tunnel from each machine to the gateway? Or could I also use "Transport mode" to the gateway? The reason I ask is, that the gateway would have to be able to decrypt packages coming from the LAN, so it will need the keys to do that. Is that possible, if the destination address isn't the gateway's address? Or would I have to use a proxy in this case? Is there anything else I should consider? I really just need a quick overview of these things, not very detailed instructions.

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  • Mac and L2TP VPN no problems, xp, vista and 7 no go :s

    - by The_cobra666
    Hi all, I've got some weird problem and I'm out off options. The situation: When connecting from my mac to the VPN server (Windows Server 2003 R2) with L2TP PSK, everything works like it should. However, when I connect from a Windows PC, nothing happens. it spits out error 809 and sometimes 789. Now I know that my ports are OK, since the mac can connect without any problems. It's the same for: XP, Vista SP2 and 7. None can connect. If I connect to the VPN server directly (to the internal IP instead of WAN from the router), it connect's without a problem. Connecting using PPTP works... now if only L2TP would work thank you very much Windows! I have checked the counters on my linux router with iptables -L -nv and they do not raise when connecting. Not on ACCEPT and not on DROP. Only when connecting from the mac. I've found the guide from Microsoft to enable: AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule in the registery. I have set it to "2", on the server and client. Still no go. After that registery key it started giving me error 789 instead of 809. The IPSEC services are running on the client and server. Is there anyone that ppleease can help me with this! I've been working on this for 2 days and I'm out of options. Thanks!

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  • SQL 2K5 - Multiple databases vs. Multiple files

    - by Bob Palmer
    Hey all, quick question. Our current legacy system was built using multiple distinct databases (about ten of them). These are all part of the same discreet system, and a large number of SPs and functionalty span multiple databases. There are also key relationships that span (for example, a header table may be in database A with history, etc. in database B). When deploying multiple copies of our app to the same server therefore, we have to use multiple instances (because the database names are coded into so many sprocs). We're evaluating the idea of taking these ten databases (about 30gb total with individual sizes ranging from 100mb to 10gb) and merging them into a single database. Currently, we have our databases spread accross multiple spindles for better IO. The question I have is whether or not there is any performance loss or benefit of having 10 different databases vs. 10 different database files? i.e. rather than having three databases (A, B, and C) Disk D: A.mdf (1gb) Disk E: B.mdf (4gb) Disk F: C.mdf (10gb) Disk G: A_Log.ldf, B_Log.ldf, C_Log.ldf have one database (X) Disk D: X1.mdf (5gb) Disk E: X2.mdf (5gb) Disk F: X3.mdf (5gb) Disk G: X1_log.ldf,X2_log.ldf,X3_log.ldf Thanks! -Bob

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  • Access Windows Boot Manager selector when timeout is set to 0?

    - by Kyle Cronin
    I've installed Wubi onto a Windows Vista computer. I've also set the boot timeout to 0: bcdedit /timeout 0 However, now I can't figure out how to get the menu to come up at all! I read on the internets that I had to hold F8 or space when starting up, but they doesn't seem to do anything. Is there a different key or setting I've overlooked? The computer itself is a Dell that's a few months old. The keyboard is USB, but I don't think that's the problem as I can get into the BIOS just fine. Maybe I'm doing it wrong? Am I supposed to hold the keys or rapidly tap them (I've tried both)? If it helps, here's the output from bcdedit: C:\Windows\system32>bcdedit Windows Boot Manager -------------------- identifier {bootmgr} device partition=C: description Windows Boot Manager locale en-US inherit {globalsettings} default {current} resumeobject {5460d9d2-d391-11dc-9d9f-aba67a8797c5} displayorder {current} {e2484fe7-5e97-11de-84d4-0024e8074422} toolsdisplayorder {memdiag} timeout 0 resume No Windows Boot Loader ------------------- identifier {current} device partition=C: path \Windows\system32\winload.exe description Windows Vista locale en-US inherit {bootloadersettings} recoverysequence {572bcd55-ffa7-11d9-aae0-0007e994107d} recoveryenabled Yes osdevice partition=C: systemroot \Windows resumeobject {5460d9d2-d391-11dc-9d9f-aba67a8797c5} nx OptIn Real-mode Boot Sector --------------------- identifier {e2484fe7-5e97-11de-84d4-0024e8074422} device partition=C: path \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr description Ubuntu

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  • HTB.init / tc behind NAT

    - by Ben K.
    I have an Ubuntu 10 box that I'm trying to set up as a bandwidth-shaping router. The machine has one WAN interface, eth0 and two LAN interfaces, eth1 and eth2. NAT is configured using MASQUERADE as described at InternetConnectionSharing. I'm mostly concerned with shaping outbound traffic from the LAN interfaces -- in the end, I'd like to end up with a hard 768Kbps limit per-LAN-interface (rather than a limit on eth0 pooled across all interfaces). I installed HTB.init, and riffing on the examples, tried to set this up on eth1 by putting three files into /etc/sysconfig/htb: /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1 DEFAULT=30 R2Q=100 /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2.root RATE=768Kbps BURST=15k /etc/sysconfig/htb/eth1-2:30.dfl RATE=768Kbps CEIL=788Kbps BURST=15k LEAF=sfq I can /etc/init.d/htb start and /etc/init.d/htb stats and see information that /seems/ to suggest it's working...but when I try pulling a large file via the WAN interface the shaping clearly isn't in effect. Any suggestions? My guess is it has something to do with where the shaping falls in the NAT chain, but I really have no idea where to begin troubleshooting this. ---- Update: Here's my /etc/init.d/htb list output, it seems to make sense -- the default rate for eth1 is 768Kbps? ### eth0: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth0: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b ### eth0: filtering rules filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 100 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 flowid 1:30 match 00000000/00000000 at 12 match 00000000/00000000 at 16 ### eth1: queueing disciplines qdisc htb 1: root refcnt 2 r2q 100 default 30 direct_packets_stat 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b perturb 10sec ### eth1: traffic classes class htb 1:2 root rate 768000bit ceil 768000bit burst 1599b cburst 1599b class htb 1:30 parent 1:2 leaf 30: prio 0 rate 6144Kbit ceil 6144Kbit burst 15Kb cburst 1598b

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  • Multiple Set Peer for VPN Failover

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I will have two Cisco routers at Location A serving the same internal networks, and one router in location B. Currently, I have one router in each location with a IPSec site-to-site tunnel connecting them. It looks something like: Location A: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B: crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Can I achieve fail over by simply adding another set peer at location B?: Location A (New secondary Router, configuration on previous router stays the same): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location B set peer 12.12.12.12 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Location B (Configuration Changed): crypto map crypto-map-1 1 ipsec-isakmp description Tunnel to Location A set peer 11.11.11.11 ! 11.11.11.100 is the ip of the new second router at location A set peer 11.11.11.100 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address internal-ips Cisco Says: For crypto map entries created with the crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-isakmp command, you can specify multiple peers by repeating this command. The peer that packets are actually sent to is determined by the last peer that the router heard from (received either traffic or a negotiation request from) for a given data flow. If the attempt fails with the first peer, Internet Key Exchange (IKE) tries the next peer on the crypto map list. But I don't fully understand that in the context of a failover scenerio (One of the routers as Location A blowing up).

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  • Spots appear in a rectangle area on screen, ubuntu gnome 13.04, nvidia driver

    - by frozen-flame
    I am using Ubuntu Gnome 13.04 with nvidia-310 driver installed. My GPU is GeForce GTX650. Strange spots freqently appear on screen, with following traits: Spots are restricted in one or two rectangle areas at any instant. When typing, the pattern of spots change. Possibly increase, or all disappear when one key pressed. Mouse movement also influences. This problem last within one boot. The only way can I get rid of this problem is to reboot. It can be detected as soon as entering desktop if it appears. Simultaneously, the "power off" option is lost in the top-right menu of Gnome3. Never such problem when using windows 7 on the same computer, neither ubuntu with Nouveou driver. Seldomly, half of the screen become black. I googled a lot. Similar conditions are described, but no confirmed solution. Uninstall-r einstall strategy does not work. Any clue solving this will be appeciated.

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  • how does a computer know which IP address will route information to the internet? [closed]

    - by JohnMerlino
    Possible Duplicate: How does IPv4 Subnetting Work? For example, I have a computer with a Network Inteface Card (NIC) which is an Ethernet card that is connected by Ethernet cables to a router. There is also another computer with a cable that is connected in another port of the router. This is a Belkin router operating over an Ethernet in the LAN. When I connect to serverfault.com, it maps to an IP address. My computer now has a task of connecting to that IP address. But my computer itself cannot connect to the serverfault IP address. Only the router can. So the task of my computer is to find the IP address associated with the node that will do the routing to the public internet. How does my computer know that a particular IP address in the local network belongs to the router, and is not another computer connected to the network? Is this information configured manually in the operating system itself? Somehow my computer must know that it must send ethernet frames to the router with the expectation that the router will then send the packet to a public IP. How does it know to send it to the router? Is the router's ip address stored in my computer like a key/value pair e.g. "router"="192.168.2.6", so that when I put a public ip address, my computer first knows to connect to 192.168.2.6?

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  • VPN from Windows XP to OpenSwan: correct setup?

    - by Gnudiff
    Main question is what I am doing wrong in my OpenSwan or L2TP client setup? I am trying to create a Linux OpenSwan VPN connection from Windows XP machine, using preshared key and the builtin Windows XP L2TP IPsec option. I have followed the instructions in Linux Home networking Wiki for setting up OpenSwan and a guide to making it work with the Windows XP client, but am now stuck. The net setup is as follows: [my windows client, private IP A]<->[f/wall B]<-internet->[g/w X]<->[Linux OpenSwan server Y] A - private subnet /24 B - internet address X - internet address /24 Y - internet address on same subnet as X What I essentially want is for computer with A address to feel and work, as if it was in X subnet for purposes of outgoing and incoming TCP and UDP connections. My OpenSwan setup is as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf (AAA and YYY indicates ip address parts of A and Y addresses): conn net-to-net authby=secret left=B leftsubnet=AAA.AAA.AAA.0/24 leftnexthop=%defaultroute right=Y rightsubnet=YYY.YYY.YYY.0/24 rightnexthop=B auto=start the secret in /etc/ipsec.secrets is listed as: B Y : PSK "0xMysecretkey" where B & Y stand for respective IP adresses of gateway B and linux server Y My L2TP WinXP setup is: IP of destination: Y don't prompt for username security options: typical, require secured pass, don't require data encryption, IPSec PSK set to 0xMysecretkey networking options: VPN Type: L2TP IPSec VPN; TCPIP protocol (with automatic IP address assignment) and QOS packet schedulers enabled The error I get from Windows client is 789: "error during initial negotiation"

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  • Desktop virtualization

    - by gurpal2000
    Is there currently a proper Type 1 "desktop" hypervisor? Either free or not? This is just for tinkering around at home on some beefy Phenom machines. Basically i want to be able to run say 2 OSs on the same PC but without loading windows or a heavy flavour of linux and then use a hotkey to switch between them. I should get full performance out of them. So do i need something better than vmware workstation and/or virtualbox. I think these are "Type 2"? I already run VMWare w/s and VBox but is there a more performant solution? I saw a YouTube video from Citrix where a laptop was running XP and Vista. With the touch of a hot key they could switch between them. There was no visible underlying OS (there might be a hypervisor)? I have access to Citrix XenDesktop 3 enterprise edition evaluation. I realise this isn't for desktops but can i achieve my goal (geekiness) ? If i use the free XenServer 5.5.0 how do my client PCs access windows/linux/whatever from the xenserver? Is it via a thin client RDP type application? If so if there one for both windows and linux? Also if i do use XenServer can i use USB in either direction? What is Citrix receiver can i use that for (3) ? If so, is there some hotkey i can configure? whatever client is used to access the server software (whether it be on a different server or local) can i get full opengl/directx acceleration? what about Xen? i tried the Xen LiveCD but no clue as how to configure it. As you can see much confusion. Any help/pointers welcome. Cheers.

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  • Setup git repository on gentoo server using gitosis & ssh

    - by ikso
    I installed git and gitosis as described here in this guide Here are the steps I took: Server: Gentoo Client: MAC OS X 1) git install emerge dev-util/git 2) gitosis install cd ~/src git clone git://eagain.net/gitosis.git cd gitosis python setup.py install 3) added git user adduser --system --shell /bin/sh --comment 'git version control' --no-user-group --home-dir /home/git git In /etc/shadow now: git:!:14665:::::: 4) On local computer (Mac OS X) (local login is ipx, server login is expert) ssh-keygen -t dsa got 2 files: ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub ~/.ssh/id_dsa 5) Copied id_dsa.pub onto server ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub Added content from file ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub into file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cp ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub /tmp/id_dsa.pub sudo -H -u git gitosis-init < /tmp/id_rsa.pub sudo chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update 6) Added 2 params to /etc/ssh/sshd_config RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes Full sshd_config: Protocol 2 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes PrintMotd no PrintLastLog no Subsystem sftp /usr/lib64/misc/sftp-server 7) Local settings in file ~/.ssh/config: Host myserver.com.ua User expert Port 22 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa 8) Tested: ssh [email protected] Done! 9) Next step. There I have problem git clone [email protected]:gitosis-admin.git cd gitosis-admin SSH asked password for user git. Why ssh should allow me to login as user git? The git user doesn't have a password. The ssh key I created is for the user expert. How this should work? Do I have to add some params to sshd_config?

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  • Remote Desktop to Server 2008 fails from one particular Win7 client

    - by Jesse McGrew
    I have a VPS running Windows Web Server 2008 R2. I'm able to connect using Remote Desktop from my home PC (Windows 7), personal laptop (Windows 7), and work laptop (Windows XP). However, I cannot connect from my work PC (Windows 7). I receive the error "The logon attempt failed" in the RDP client, and the server event log shows "An account failed to log on" with this explanation: Subject: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: - Account Domain: - Logon ID: 0x0 Logon Type: 3 Account For Which Logon Failed: Security ID: NULL SID Account Name: username Account Domain: hostname Failure Information: Failure Reason: Unknown user name or bad password. Status: 0xc000006d Sub Status: 0xc0000064 Process Information: Caller Process ID: 0x0 Caller Process Name: - Network Information: Workstation Name: JESSE-PC Source Network Address: - Source Port: - Detailed Authentication Information: Logon Process: NtLmSsp Authentication Package: NTLM Transited Services: - Package Name (NTLM only): - Key Length: 0 I can connect from the offending work PC if I start up Windows XP Mode and use the RDP client inside that. The server is part of a domain but my account is local, so I'm logging in using a username of the form hostname\username. None of the clients are part of a domain. The server uses a self-signed certificate, and connecting from home I get a warning about that, but connecting from work I just get the logon error.

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  • What is stopping postfix from delivering mail to the local transport agent?

    - by Dark Star1
    I have the following settings ( as grabbed from my postconf -n output) alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 inet_interfaces = all mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = //redacted mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_recipient_limit = 10 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:8 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_overquota_bounce=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_maildir_limit_message=Sorry, the your maildir has overdrawn your diskspace quota, please free up some of spaces of your mailbox try again. postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_create_maildirsize=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_extended=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_limit_override=yes postconf: warning: /etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: smtpd_relay_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023, permit I am nwe to mail server configurations but as I understand it from this message: status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) It means it can't deliver to the LDA. I am using postifx 2.9.6 on ubuntu 12.04 with dovecot 2.0.19

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  • postgresql deleteing old records from log tables

    - by Max
    I have a postgresql database which stores my radius connection information. What I want to do is only store a months worth of logs. How would I craft a sql statement that I can run from cron that would go and delete and rows that where older then a month? Format of the date in the table. that date is taken from acctstoptime collum Date format 2010-01-27 16:02:17-05 Format of the table in question. -- Table: radacct CREATE TABLE radacct ( radacctid bigserial NOT NULL, acctsessionid character varying(32) NOT NULL, acctuniqueid character varying(32) NOT NULL, username character varying(253), groupname character varying(253), realm character varying(64), nasipaddress inet NOT NULL, nasportid character varying(15), nasporttype character varying(32), acctstarttime timestamp with time zone, acctstoptime timestamp with time zone, acctsessiontime bigint, acctauthentic character varying(32), connectinfo_start character varying(50), connectinfo_stop character varying(50), acctinputoctets bigint, acctoutputoctets bigint, calledstationid character varying(50), callingstationid character varying(50), acctterminatecause character varying(32), servicetype character varying(32), xascendsessionsvrkey character varying(10), framedprotocol character varying(32), framedipaddress inet, acctstartdelay integer, acctstopdelay integer, freesidestatus character varying(32), CONSTRAINT radacct_pkey PRIMARY KEY (radacctid) ) WITH (OIDS=FALSE); ALTER TABLE radacct OWNER TO radius; -- Index: freesidestatus CREATE INDEX freesidestatus ON radacct USING btree (freesidestatus); -- Index: radacct_active_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_active_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (username, nasipaddress, acctsessionid) WHERE acctstoptime IS NULL; -- Index: radacct_start_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_start_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (acctstarttime, username);

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  • Trying to setup catchall mail forwarding on my rackspace's cloudspace server

    - by bob_cobb
    I'm running Ubuntu 12 Precise Pangolin and am trying to configure my server to catchall mail sent to it and forward it to my gmail address. I've been trying lots of examples online like editing my main.cf file which looks like this: smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = destiny alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = destiny, localhost.localdomain, localhost relayhost = smtp.sendgrid.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 51200000 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all In my /etc/postfix/virtual I have: @mydomain.com [email protected] @myotherdomain.com [email protected] Which isn't working when I email [email protected] or [email protected]. So I got the recommendation to add the following to my /etc/alias: postmaster:root root:[email protected] restarted postfix, and tried emailing [email protected] or [email protected] but it still won't send. Does anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong here? I'd appreciate any help.

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  • postfix smtpd rejecting mail from outside network match_list_match: no match

    - by Loopo
    My postfix (V: 2.5.5-1.1) running on ubuntu server (9.04) started to reject mail arriving in from outside about 2 weeks ago. Doing a "manual" session via telnet shows that the connection is always closed after the MAIL FROM: [email protected] line is input, with the message "Connection closed by foreign host." Doing the same from another client inside the LAN works fine. In the log files I get the line "lost connection after MAIL from xxxxx.tld[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]" This is after some lines like: match_hostaddr: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX ~? [::1]/128 match_hostname: XXXX.tld ~? 192.168.1.0/24 ... match_list_match: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: no match which seem to suggest some kind of filter which checks for allowed addresses. I have been unable to locate where this filter lives, or how to turn it off. I'm not even sure if that's what's causing my problem. Connections from inside the LAN don't get disconnected even though they also show a "match_list_match: ... no match" line. I didn't change any configuration files recently, below is my main.cf as it currently stands. I don't really know what all the parameters do and how they interact. I just set it up initially and it worked fine (up to recently). smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (GNU) biff = no readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/server.crt smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/server.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no smtp_use_tls=no smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/smtp_auth myhostname = XXXXXXX.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = XXXX.XXXX.com, XXXX.com, localhost.XXXXX.com, localhost relayhost = XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 192.168.1.0/24 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all smtpd_sasl_local_domain = #smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_ when checking the process list, postfix/smtpd runs as smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -c -o stress -v -v Any clues?

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  • Reasonable automatic HTML to PDF conversion (in UNIX/Linux environment)

    - by Alex Balashov
    Is there a way to generate PDF documents from HTML files automatically in Linux where the PDF offers some kind of reasonable level of resemblance to the input file? A command-line tool - as opposed to an interactive GUI of some kind - is key. I have tried htmldoc and some related cousins, of course. But these tools are hopelessly stone-age; htmldoc doesn't support CSS at all. You won't find a lot of HTML documents these days that don't have at least some CSS styling. I don't really care about stupid effects or minor embellishments, but the issue is that CSS is at the core of most layouts these days; not many folks are using 6 layers of nested tables anymore. So, if the conversion tool has no grasp of CSS whatsoever, it's not just a matter of "the document doesn't look quite right"; it is likely to not meet the minimum standard of usability at all. It has been suggested to me by some folks to try to use the Gecko rendering engine to generate images that can be converted to PDFs, but I have no idea how one would go about doing this, let alone easily. I have no trouble believing that there are good commercial tools that do this, but I'm really looking for an open-source package if possible, as the endeavour itself is an open-source one and doesn't pay. Thanks in advance!

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  • AutoHotkey - Organizing hotkeys so as to use Several hotkeys optimally

    - by Stenemo
    My question is how to structure key combinations in script below most effectively using AutoHotkey. Having searched for exactly how to do this for hours I figured I should post here so others can at least find this solution if they are trying to do the same: http://www.autohotkey.com/board/topic/90013-solved-wasd-fna-left-fnalta-home-fnctrla-ctrl-left-etc/ and How to combine three keys as a hotkey with Autohotkey? My Question is how to use this method most effectively, and is not answered in those threads. My idea would be to use this for everything related to up (etc), e.g.: ; Up Combinations: Ctrl Up, SHIFT + Up, SHIFT + Ctrl Up, [Alt/win + Up easily added and organized using this system] CapsLock & w:: GetKeyState, stateCtrl, LCtrl GetKeyState, stateShift, LShift GetKeyState, stateWin, LWin GetKeyState, stateAlt, LAlt if stateCtrl = D if stateShift = D if stateWin = D Send ^+#{Up}; Ctrl + SHIFT + Win + Up else Send ^+{Up} ; Ctrl + SHIFT + Up else if stateWin = D Send ^#{Up} ; Ctrl + Win + Up else Send ^{Up} ; Ctrl Up else if stateShift = D Send +{Up} ; SHIFT + Up else if stateWin = D Send #{Up} ; Win + Up else if stateAlt = D Send !{Up} ; Alt + Up else Send {Up} ; Up return Also, if there is a better way to do this, that would be great. E.g.: *CapsLock & w:: send {Up} Does almost exactly the opposite of what I want (sends up even if other modifiers are held down). When I hold e.g. control at the same time, I want it to do control + up. Have I missed such a AutoHotkey command? If anyone has a better way to do this that would be great.

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  • Disable XP disk check using FAT32

    - by mike xie
    Right now I'm using Windows XP and Macintosh on my MacBook Pro via Bootcamp. Sometimes my XP would crash and when I restarted it it would have to go through disk check, although it says I can skip it by pushing a key, but this never worked for me. I did a bit of research online on how to disable disk check and found chkntfs /x c: but when I tried this out in my cmd it said the disk is FAT32 format. I tried to convert my C: drive from FAT32 to NTFS by using convert c: /FS:NTFS but when I tried this it told me to locate my C: drive. I tried to type C: and Bootcamp but couldn't really get past it. I later saw someone said to use this: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager] "AutoChkTimeOut"=dword:0000000 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager] "BootExecute"=hex(7):61,00,75,00,74,00,6f,00,63,00,68,00,65,00,63,00,6b,00,20,\ 00,61,00,75,00,74,00,6f,00,63,00,68,00,6b,00,20,00,2a,00,00,00,00,00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon] "SFCScan"=dword:00000000 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MyComputer\cleanuppath] @=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\ 00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,63,00,6c,00,\ 65,00,61,00,6e,00,6d,00,67,00,72,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,2f,00,44,\ 00,20,00,25,00,63,00,00,00 (Save it as .reg and execute it) I have just tried running it but am not really sure if it did anything (my laptop hasn't crashed yet :) ) Firstly, I am wondering if someone can tell me how to check if that script worked? Secondly, if that script didn't work, does anyone have any solution for these problems? Is there another way to disable disk check or is there another way for me to change my FAT32 to NTFS?

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  • `sh` access denied over ssh connection

    - by inspectorG4dget
    I have an ubuntu server and a windows XP client running Cygwin. The server ssh's into the client and tries to execute a shell script with some params, with the following command: ssh user@IP_ADDR 'sh /home/user/project/clientside 2 5 7 6 9 5 7 IP_ADDR' where IP_ADDR is the IP address of client. However, while doing so, I get the following error: Access is denied. Thinking this might be a user permissions error, I tried running sh /home/user/project/clientside 2 5 7 6 9 5 7 IP_ADDR on the client, on Cygwin, while logged in as user. This works as expected. Then I thought that this might be an error with the login that I use when I ssh into the client. So I executed this instead: ssh user@IP_ADDR 'whoami' and got back user. This happened even after I did chmod -R 777 /home/user/project on the client, in Cygwin. For kicks, I got on Cygwin on the client and did ssh localhost and manually executed sh /home/user/project/clientside 2 5 7 6 9 5 7 IP_ADDR. This worked as expected. However, when I did ssh IP_ADDR from Cygwin and did ssh localhost and manually executed sh /home/user/project/clientside 2 5 7 6 9 5 7 IP_ADDR, I get the same Access is denied. error. Why is this happening? How can I fix this? By the way, both the server and the client have each other's rsa public key for passwordless ssh

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  • Looking for an application that scrolls or pans netbook screens running Windows

    - by Rob
    I'm looking for a Windows 7 and XP compatible Windows desktop panning/scrolling tool. This is to solve a problem where some applications for example MSN have settings/preference Windows that are not resizeable. I have a Netbook with a small maximum screen resolution e.g. 1024x600. The fixed non-resizeable windows are too large for this display screen size so I cannot see all of the items on these windows, particularly the OK button to save settings. What I would like is a desktop scrolling/panning tool where if I move my mouse pointer to any edge of the display, it pans to show the region of the too-large-fixed window that I could not see. I use a Samsung N110 and Toshiba NB100 netbooks. I'm looking for: A general program that provides desktop panning/scrolling/expanded resolution to allow all regions of a non-resizeable fixed window Preferably a non-graphics hardware specific program but will accept a solution that works with both the above machines I'm NOT looking for (i.e. unsatisfactory answers others have asked that I've already searched and found): Advice on what programs to use that DON'T have the problem of fixed windows Alternative operating system solutions Plugging in an external monitor with larger resolution - I use this option but I need a solution when one is not available, e.g. while travelling etc Advice about not using small screen netbooks - I enjoy the compact convenience of them Advice about change the dpi settings in the Control Panel Display settings Advice about guesswork with the tab key to move the focus the off-screen item I cannot see Thank you in advance.

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  • What is the latest on Microsoft Expressoin Studio licensing?

    - by DanM
    In the past, there's been an issue with Microsoft not allowing you to deactivate an Expression Studio key. Basically, you get two keys per license. If you assign both keys (say one to a desktop and one to a laptop), then you upgrade to a new machine (say you replace your laptop or upgrade some of the hardware), you have to buy a new copy of Expression Studio ($600 for Ultimate). This seems ludicrous to me, and I'm wondering if anyone knows if this policy is still in place. I can't seem to find a EULA online anywhere, so I don't know where to find this information. I know my laptop is due for replacement soon, and I want to know if I'm going to have to sink $600 into a software product I already purchased. For background, please refer to this thread on the Microsoft Expression forums: http://social.expression.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/general/thread/da5587bc-b098-4c6a-9a56-af3608d940d0 Note that this thread is locked. Microsoft doesn't seem to want people to discuss this. This is one reason I'm posting here rather than on that site.

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  • Host spreads wrong MAC Adress of router on the WIFI

    - by JavaIsMyIsland
    Strange things are going on our network. Since yesterday a host which is actually not on our subnet spreads wrong ARP Replys on our network. To be precise, only on the WIFI. If I connect my Laptop to the cable ethernet, it gets the right MAC adress of the router. Also my Android phone and my Ubuntu system do get the right MAC Adress. So I took a look at wireshark. When I clear the ARP cache of the windows machine, the first ARP response is correct and comes from the router. But like 10 ms later another ARP response comes from another host in the WIFI. The host changes its IP Adresses from time to time and they look like they are not on our subnet. So I can not use the internet because DNS is not working anymore. Sometimes the router wins the race condition and the mac adress is set correctly in the arp cache. I first thought, this is an arp-poisoning mitm attack but it does not make sense if the packets get not routed correctly?! I restarted the router but it didn't help. I have no access to the router, else I would change the shared key to make sure there is no intruder on the wifi.

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  • Postfix: Using google apps for stmp errors

    - by Zed Said
    I am using postfix and need to send the mail using google apps smtp. I am getting errors after I thought I had set everything up correctly: May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22214]: 00E009693FB: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2466, delays=2462/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22213]: 0ACB36D1B94: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2486, delays=2482/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) May 11 09:50:57 zedsaid postfix/error[22232]: 067379693D3: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=2421, delays=2417/3.4/0/0.06, dsn=4.7.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.155.109]: no mechanism available) main.cf: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = zedsaid.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = #relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all delay_warning_time = 4h smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 ## Gmail Relay relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter = login smtp_tls_eccert_file = smtp_tls_eckey_file = smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_enforce_tls = no smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_received_header = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport debug_peer_list = smtp.gmail.com debug_peer_level = 3 What am I doing wrong?

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  • Installing mod_pagespeed (Apache module) on CentOS

    - by Sid B
    I have a CentOS (5.7 Final) system on which I already have Apache (2.2.3) installed. I have installed mod_pagespeed by following the instructions on: http://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/download.html and got the following while installing: # rpm -U mod-pagespeed-*.rpm warning: mod-pagespeed-beta_current_x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 7fac5991 [ OK ] atd: [ OK ] It does appear to be installed properly: # apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES Loaded Modules: ... pagespeed_module (shared) And I've made the following changes in /etc/httpd/conf.d/pagespeed.conf Added: ModPagespeedEnableFilters collapse_whitespace,elide_attributes ModPagespeedEnableFilters combine_css,rewrite_css,move_css_to_head,inline_css ModPagespeedEnableFilters rewrite_javascript,inline_javascript ModPagespeedEnableFilters rewrite_images,insert_img_dimensions ModPagespeedEnableFilters extend_cache ModPagespeedEnableFilters remove_quotes,remove_comments ModPagespeedEnableFilters add_instrumentation Commented out the following lines in mod_pagespeed_statistics <Location /mod_pagespeed_statistics> **# Order allow,deny** # You may insert other "Allow from" lines to add hosts you want to # allow to look at generated statistics. Another possibility is # to comment out the "Order" and "Allow" options from the config # file, to allow any client that can reach your server to examine # statistics. This might be appropriate in an experimental setup or # if the Apache server is protected by a reverse proxy that will # filter URLs in some fashion. **# Allow from localhost** **# Allow from 127.0.0.1** SetHandler mod_pagespeed_statistics </Location> As a separate note, I'm trying to run the prescribed system tests as specified on google's site, but it gives the following error. I'm averse to updating wget on my server, as I'm sure there's no need for it for the actual module to function correctly. ./system_test.sh www.domain.com You have the wrong version of wget. 1.12 is required.

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