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• Fedora installed in Legacy mode, how to make it work in UEFI?

  - by TryntaLearn

  I am trying to install a linux distribution on my new laptop. It's an MSI GE40 which comes preinstalled with windows 8. It's a UEFI machine. I have tried installing Ubuntu and Fedora with limited success. I've tried: running it in UEFI, UEFI with CSM mode, with secureboot enabled, ... with secureboot disabeled, ... with secureboot enabled but in user mode. I have had no success with any of these methods. With Ubuntu the grub loader shows up, but when I pick 'try ubuntu', or 'install ubuntu', it's just a blank screen(I've been using liveusb's btw). With Fedora, it'll show me the next screen on which it says 'binary authorised by vendor certificate' or 'Secure boot not enabled' and then stop doing anything. The closest thing to success I reached was switching to legacy mode to install Ubuntu, in which case I was able to get to the ubunutu installer but it wouldn't recognize windows 8 on my computer, so instead of continuing on I rebooted, and removed the USB pendrive to find my computer couldn't find windows 8. After a little dicking about I got it to find windows 8 again. Any ideas on how I should go about trying to install a distro on my computer? UPDATE:- So I ended up installing fedora using Legacy mode. To use both it and Windows at boot, I manually enter automatic repair so I can get to my UEFI settings and switch boot mode to UEFI to boot windows 8. I guess my question needs to be modified as to how do I get all of this to work in UEFI mode, so I can dual boot via selection through a bootloader, and not by repeatedly switching boot mode.

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• VirtualBox management interface unreliability

  - by Arlen Cuss

  I'm using VirtualBox 3.2.8_OSE with 20 VMs running, and everything's going fine. I find that if I hammer the VBoxManage interface, all sorts of interesting things happen, usually necessitating either a restart of the VM in question, or of all VMs. For instance, if I use VBoxManage guestcontrol execute to run processes, after a few hours of using it maybe once or twice a minute on any given VM, it'll mysteriously start reporting VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED and refusing to do anything—sometimes trying to restart /usr/sbin/VBoxService on the VM itself will get it back in working order, but often it won't, and in the meantime, no data can be collected using VBoxManage. Such data includes the VM's IP, so if I hadn't recorded it earlier, I'm usually in trouble and have no option but to portscan the network for it, or kill the VM's process on the host manually and restart it. This one I haven't narrowed down yet, but it seems that even using VBoxManage guestproperty get (to retrieve a machine's IP) frequently and rapidly is enough to cause all VMs' management interfaces to die. The processes are still running fine, but VBoxManage reports them all as "powered off". In the meantime, another process somewhere in the system seems to have decided that their being powered off means they need to be powered on again, and suddenly I have 2x the number of VBoxHeadless processes running than I used to. Has anyone else seen behaviour like this? Is there any workaround? This is a serious impediment to my work, as I've had to resort to a lot of (hacky) caching of data and rate-limiting how often I call VBoxManage, just in case I accidentally bring 20 VMs to their knees.

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• Windows-to-linux: Putty with SSH and private/public key pair

  - by Johnny Kauffman

  I spent about 3 hours trying to figure out how to connect to a linux box from my windows machine using putty without having to send the password. This is connecting to an Ubuntu server that is using OpenSSH. The private key is SSH-2 RSA, 1024 bits. I am connecting using SSH2. I have run into the more common problems already: Putty generated the public key in the "wrong format". I have corrected this (as seen on this blog post). However, since I am not yet connected, I cannot absolutely confirm that this file is in the correct format. The key is all on a single line now, and I have tried adding/removing line breaks at the end of the file. I've also tried the public file doctoring process a few times to ensure that I haven't flubbed up the manual conversion. Even so, I have no way to verify accuracy here. The permissions were at once point wrong as well, specifically meaning that the file had too many permissions. I had to solve this too and I know it got past this because I no longer see a related error in /var/log/auth.log. I've tried both authorized_keys and authorized_keys2 in case the server has an old version of OpenSSH, but this changed nothing. I do have access as a user. After this keyfile stuff fails, I can enter my password instead The only remaining nibble of information I have is that it claims I have the alleged password wrong: sshd[22288]: Failed password for zzzzzzz from zz.zz.zz.zz port 53620 ssh2 Even so, as far as I can tell, this is just a lazy try/catch somewhere, since I don't think there's a password involved at all. I see nothing else in any of the /var/log files of use. What else could be wrong?

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• SQL Server Instance login issue

  - by reallyJim

  I've just brought up a new installation of SQL Server 2008. I installed the default instance as well as one named instance. I'm having a problem connecting to the named instance from anywhere besides the server itself with any user besides 'sa'. I am running in mixed mode. I have a login/user that has a known username. Using that user/login, I can properly connect when directly on the server. When I attempt to login from anywhere else, I recieve a "Login failed for user ''", with Error 18456. In the log file in the server, I see a reason that doesn't seem to help: "Reason: Could not find a login matching the name provided.". However, that user/login DOES exist, as I can use it locally. There are no further details about the error. Where can I start to find something to help me with this? I've tried deleting and recreating the user, as well as just creating a new one from scratch--same result, locally fine, remotely an error. EDIT: Partially Resolved. I'm now passed the base issue--the clients were trying to connect via the default instance. I don't know why. So, once proper ports were opened in the firewall, and a static port assigned to the named instance, I can now connect--BUT ONLY if I specify the connection as Server,Port. SQLBrowser is apparently not helping/working in this case. I've verified it IS running, and done a stop/restart after my config changes, but no difference yet.

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• Firefox: Unload a tab manually

  - by unor

  Firefox has a setting "Don't load tabs until selected" (see How do I make Firefox 13 Load All My Tabs on Startup or when Resuming Reload). I like that behaviour. I am searching for a way to "deload"/deactivate a tab manually for a session (until I reload it). It should stop all running JavaScript functions and plugins (like Flash). The whole webpage content may disappear until I reload/re-activate the tab, but that is not a requirement. The title has to be displayed as tab label (like it is the case with the startup setting, too). The workaround would be to restart Firefox and don't switch to the tab I want to be deactivated. This is pretty annoying, of course. EDIT: Here is what I found so far (thanks, @bytebuster!) BarTab no longer being maintained (see why) BarTab Lite seems to miss this functionality from BarTab Dormancy experimental; comes with warning that it "may eat your session" Tab Mix Plus Feature request: Unload Tab feature Tab Utilites seems to offer this functionality only for automatic unloading Feature request: Add "unload tab" to tab context menu. UnloadTab removed from addons.mozilla.org (who knows why)

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• "one-off" use of http_proxy in a Chef remote_file resource

  - by user169200

  I have a use case where most of my remote_file resources and yum resources download files directly from an internal server. However, there is a need to download one or two files with remote_file that is outside our firewall and which must go through a HTTP proxy. If I set the http_proxy setting in /etc/chef/client.rb, it adversely affects the recipe's ability to download yum and other files from internal resources. Is there a way to have a remote_file resource download a remote URL through a proxy without setting the http_proxy value in /etc/chef/client.rb? In my sample code, below, I'm downloading a redmine bundle from rubyforge.org, which requires my servers to go through a corporate proxy. I came up with a ruby_block before and after the remote_file resource that sets the http_proxy and "unsets" it. I'm looking for a cleaner way to do this. ruby_block "setenv-http_proxy" do block do Chef::Config.http_proxy = node['redmine']['http_proxy'] ENV['http_proxy'] = node['redmine']['http_proxy'] ENV['HTTP_PROXY'] = node['redmine']['http_proxy'] end action node['redmine']['rubyforge_use_proxy'] ? :create : :nothing notifies :create_if_missing, "remote_file[redmine-bundle.zip]", :immediately end remote_file "redmine-bundle.zip" do path "#{Dir.tmpdir}/redmine-#{attrs['version']}-bundle.zip" source attrs['download_url'] mode "0644" action :create_if_missing notifies :decompress, "zipp[redmine-bundle.zip]", :immediately notifies :create, "ruby_block[unsetenv-http_proxy]", :immediately end ruby_block "unsetenv-http_proxy" do block do Chef::Config.http_proxy = nil ENV['http_proxy'] = nil ENV['HTTP_PROXY'] = nil end action node['redmine']['rubyforge_use_proxy'] ? :create : :nothing end

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• Adding subnet to a vsphere with single vcenter and esxi host

  - by Ilya Rakhlin

  Let me start of by saying that I do not specialize in networking, I am in the process of adding additional VMs to a testing environment and wanted some recommendations. In this case I am running a single ESXI 5.1 host and a single Vcenter management server. The problem is, I need another range of IP addresses added to the existing setup; hopefully without reconfiguring everything. Currently the esxi host is configured to IP: 192.168.100.200, gateway: 192.168.100.1 and subnet: 255.255.255.0. All of the VMs are running some version of linux with hard coded IP addresses in that range, and using that subnet. The VMs I am about to deploy I want to be on the 192.168.101.X network. Is it possible to add an additional subnet to this existing system that will also communicate with the current subnet? The esxi host has 6 physical NICs but only one connected as it is only a testing system; not sure if that matters. Are there any other ways to accomplish this hopefully without restarting or at least reconfiguring the IP addresses for each VM? Reason: Due to the configuration of the VMs to run the applications that we need I am using a large amount of the current IPs in the potential range (mostly VIPs). I will be setting up a new version of this “environment” while keeping the old one, thus potentially running out of IP addresses.

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• Good Enough Failover Strategy for DNS / MySQL / Email

  - by IMB

  I've asked and read a lot questions regarding DNS failover but the more I read the more complicated it becomes, some people say it's good enough some say it isn't. No clear answers from what I read. I was wondering if we can set it straight once and for all, at least for the requirements of most websites out there. Right now let's assume the following: We don't need really need load-balancing, what we need is a failover solution. We are running a website based on LAMP on a VPS. We need to make sure that the Web Server, MySQL, Email are always accessible if not 99%. Basically here's my idea and questions about it: Web Server: We need at least one failover server (another VPS on a separate data center). Is DNS Failover via Round Robin good, if not, what's the best? And how do you exactly implement it? How do you make the files you upload/delete on Server A is also on Server B? MySQL: I've only read a brief intro to MySQL replication and I assume that I can replicate Server A to Server B and vice versa on the fly right? So just it case Server A fails and Server B is now running, it will continue to work and replicate to Server A when it becomes available. So in essence Server B is now the primary server, and will later on failover to Server A, should a failure happen again. Email: If we are gonna use DNS Failover, using webmail or relying on emails stored on the server is probably not a good idea right? Since some emails might be on Server A while some might be on Server B? I assume a basic email forwarder to a 3rdparty is good enough (like Gmail for example) to ensure all emails are kept in one place. Here's a basic diagram for a better picture: http://i.stack.imgur.com/KWSIi.png

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• Three server processes consume no more than 50% of Dual Core CPU

  - by thor

  I have three processes running on Intel Core 2 Duo CPU. From watching output of 'top' and graphs of CPU load (drawn by MRTG, data collection via SNMP) I can see that CPU load is never more than 50%, and, most of the day, when those processes are busy CPU load has a ceiling at 50 %. I mean, CPU load grows up to 50% in the morning and stays there until late evening. My first thought was that only one core was used at 100% thus giving 50% of both CPUs. But, as there are three processes running and from 'top' I see that both cores are being loaded, so this is not the case. schedtool shows that CPU affinity for those three processes is at default, 0x03, allowing them to use both cores. If I force one process to one core (schedtool -a 0x01), and two others to second (schedtool -a 0x02), cumulative usage grows beyond 50%. Why three processes seem to consume only 50% of two cores? Why forcing them to different CPUs allows usage to grow higher? Any hints? P.S. Processes in question are Counter-Strike servers.

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• ProCurve ACL to prevent a subnet from leaving the switch

  - by kce

  I have a single HP ProCurve 2610 in a remote location that is connected in with the rest of the network via SHDSL. There are two Layer-3 networks on this segment. ACLs are setup to deny one subnet (192.0.2.0/24) from ever being able to leave the switch by virtue of being applied to port attached to the upstream connection. The other subnet should be permitted to freely leave the switch. Both subnets are on the same VLAN. Unfortunately SFlow very clearly show broadcast traffic from 192.0.2.0/24 on the upstream connection. ProCurve ACLs are not my strong suit but I feel like I'm missing something very simple here. ip access-list extended "Filter for Camera Network" deny ip 192.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 log permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 exit interface 24 name "DSL - UPLINK" access-group "Filter for Camera Network" in exit Unless I am mistaken traffic from 192.0.2.0/24 should be dropped as it crosses the uplink port (int 24) whereas all other traffic will be permited by the following default allow rule. What exactly am I missing here? EDIT: Firstly, why do you have two subnets contained in the same VLAN? Because that's how it was configured by a previous administrator and while it makes conceptual sense that a single subnet is "mapped" to a single VLAN there's no technical constraint that I am aware of that makes this have to be the case. Instead of filtering inbound traffic on your uplink, you should be filtering outbound traffic. The HP2600 series can only filter inbound traffic on interfaces. Should I change my filter to deny any to 192.0.2.0/24?

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• Should I use "Raid 5 + spare" or "Raid 6"?

  - by Trevor Boyd Smith

  What is "Raid 5 + Spare" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID5+Spare: RAID 5+Spare is a RAID 5 array in which one disk is used as spare to rebuild the system as soon as a disk fails (Fig. 79). At least four disks are required. If one physical disk fails, the data remains available because it is read from the parity blocks. Data from a failed disk is rebuilt onto the hot spare disk. When a failed disk is replaced, the replacement becomes the new hot spare. No data is lost in the case of a single disk failure, but if a second disk fails before the system can rebuild data to the hot spare, all data in the array will be lost. What is "Raid 6" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID6: In RAID 6, data is striped across all disks (minimum of four) and a two parity blocks for each data block (p and q in Fig. 80) is written on the same stripe. If one physical disk fails, the data from the failed disk can be rebuilt onto a replacement disk. This Raid mode can support up to two disk failures with no data loss. RAID 6 provides for faster rebuilding of data from a failed disk. Both "Raid 5 + spare" and "Raid 6" are SO similar ... I can't tell the difference. When would "Raid 5 + Spare" be optimal? And when would "Raid 6" be optimal"? The manual dumbs down the different raid with 5 star ratings. "Raid 5 + Spare" only gets 4 stars but "Raid 6" gets 5 stars. If I were to blindly trust the manual I would conclude that "Raid 6" is always better. Is "Raid 6" always better?

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• mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (Kerberos authentication)

  - by Nick

  There's plenty of references to this error on Goggle, and even a question here with the same title, but it seems that "access denied by server while mounting" is a catch-all error. I've tried suggestions that others have used to fix this problem, but they did not work in my case. I'm trying to set-up a Kerberos-based NFS file server with shared homes for a Linux network. I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 Servers and clients. When trying to mount a share using: mount 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ /media/tmp I get: mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ This is the same if I mount it from a client machine or from the server itself. On the server, in /var/log/syslog I get: Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated mount request from 192.168.1.115:835 for /export/home (/export/home) Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated unmount request from 192.168.1.115:766 for /export/home (/export/home) Which is odd, since it says it's authenticated the request, not denying it. /etc/exports: /export *(rw,fsid=0,crossmnt,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) /export/home *(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) On client: me@dt1:/$ rpcinfo -p 192.168.1.115 program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 37320 status 100024 1 tcp 48460 status 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100227 2 tcp 2049 100227 3 tcp 2049 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100227 2 udp 2049 100227 3 udp 2049 100021 1 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100005 1 udp 45627 mountd 100005 1 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 2 udp 45627 mountd 100005 2 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 3 udp 45627 mountd 100005 3 tcp 60265 mountd Any suggestions I could try?

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• Virtualize SBS 2003 - P2V vs migrating to new VM

  - by jlehtinen

  I need to virtualize a SBS 2003 server in my work environment. I need some tips on what people think is the best way to proceed. Background: The SBS 2003 server is the primary DC for the domain and also hosts FTP, RRAS(VPN), DNS, and file shares. Exchange is NOT used, neither is SQL server. DHCP is done via a firewall appliance. I have added a Server 2003 VM to the domain and promoted it to the DC role. AD/DNS is replicating here correctly. This was mainly done to provide fault-tolerance to the domain, I was not intending to make this VM the primary DC. I've already asked about buying upgraded licensing for Server 2008/2012 but was refused due to cost. Options: I see (at least) two routes I could take to complete this. From what I've read option 2 is the "preferred" method, but there's a few steps where I'm not clear on what to expect. Option 1.) P2V the primary DC Power off primary DC Power off secondary DC (to prevent USN rollback in case P2V has issue) P2V (cold clone) primary DC Boot new PDC VM Allow new hardware to detect Remove old NIC hardware from device manager Assign old IPs to new virtual NICs Reboot PDC VM, confirm connectivity and no major issues Power on secondary DC, confirm replication Option 2.) Create new VM, transfer roles, remove original DC from domain Create new VM, install SBS 2003 Do I need the original SBS install discs for this? MS migration doc mentions this. Add VM to domain, promote to DC role Does this start 7 day timer where two SBS servers can be in same domain? Set up RRAS on new VM Set up IIS/FTP on new VM Move file shares to new VM Transfer FSMO roles to new VM DC dcpromo original primary DC out of domain

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• Intel Ethernet Bottlenecking Internet?

  - by Donald Darma

  I'm having trouble with my internet speeds. So I just recent build a pc and everything is fine. I installed the Intel drivers and connected to the internet. It connects but I'm only half the speed I should be getting. My normal speed is 20mbps but speedtest.net is only showing 10. It can't be my ISP (which is TWC if anyone is asking) because my other devices like my laptop and my smartphone are showing 20 down. Heres my system: CPU: i5 4430 HSF: Stock cooler Mobo: Gigabyte Z87MX-D3H GPU: x2 MSI R7950-3GD5/OC BE RAM: Crucial Ballistix Tactical Tracer 8GB dual channel PSU: Silencer High Performance Power Supply 750 Watt 80+ (It's a subdivision of OCZ) HDD: Seagate Barracuda 7200RPM 3TB SSD: Samsung 840 Evo 120 GB Case: Corsair Obsidian 350D Edit: I am using the stock adapter that is on the motherboard. I know for a fact that the cable is good because I used it on my laptop and it ran fine. Its a CAT5E cable. I also ran IPERF and its giving me the same results, 10 mbps.

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• Best way to build / implement a corporate developer Linux distro with multiple kernels?

  - by Garen

  At work we have Linux users who understandably prefer using Ubuntu. Problem is, we also have developer tools that only work with 'officially' supported Linux distributions that use much older 2.6.18 based kernels. (And even if they worked with newer ones, the vendors could always say they won't "support" the software unless it's on one of their 'officially' supported platforms.) We could of course just tell them to use CentOS or something else 2.6.18-based, and I'm sure their response would be something like: "you can take Ubuntu from our cold, dead hands." :) Which brings to me some questions--is there any good/easy/recommended way to run something like Ubuntu as a host VM and Centos 5.x as a guest OS (with which system--Xen,KVM,VMWare, ...?), and then roll that into our own custom internal distribution that could be easily installed? KVM looks like a good high-performance option just recently included in RHEL 5.4, but if hardware support for virtualization like Intel-VT or AMD-V is necessary, then I'd guess only those folks with fairly new PCs will be able to do it. Would be very interested to hear how anyone else has addressed this kind issue. EDIT: The target audience / users of this kind of system would be developers, each one needs to run locally licensed commercial software, so building out some separate beefy central machines isn't an option unfortunately due to license restrictions. Even if that weren't the case, a couple developers could quickly eat up the resources with parallel builds. :) Ideally, I was hoping there was some step-by-step guide out there to build your own pre-built distribution that had e.g. CentOS 5.x and Ubuntu Desktop as a guest.

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• VirtualBox: using physical partition as virtual drive

  - by Hamman Samuel

  Background: I am using VirtualBox installed on Windows 7. From within VirtualBox I am using Xubuntu as a virtual OS. The reason I chose this approach is so that I don't have to keep turning off Windows and rebooting from Xubuntu every time I needed to switch OSes. And VirtualBox's seamless mode is pretty amazing to allow me see Xubuntu and Windows 7 all in one screen. Issue: Now I am thinking of a way to have Xubuntu more integrated into my system. By this I mean I want to have a physical partition for Xubuntu. But I want to still have the feeling of the seamless mode. Question: So finally, my question is: is it possible to load a partition in VirtualBox as a virtual OS? Case examples: Ideal scenario would be: I physically boot up and login to Windows 7. Now I want to access Xubuntu, so I load VirtualBox and access my Xubuntu partition without rebooting. And the other way around too, i.e. I boot up the system, login to Xubuntu, and can access the actual Windows 7 partition through VirtualBox. Other info: Please note that I am not talking about getting access to files, as I have a completely separate partition for my files, and am very familiar with VirtualBox's Shared Folders option.

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• Apache2 default vhost in alphabetical order or override with _default_ vhost?

  - by benbradley

  I've got multiple named vhosts on an Apache web server (CentOS 5, Apache 2.2.3). Each vhost has their own config file in /etc/httpd/vhosts.d and these vhost config files are included from the main httpd conf with... Include vhosts.d/*.conf Here's an example of one of the vhost confs... NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.domain.biz ServerAlias domain.biz www.domain.biz DocumentRoot /var/www/www.domain.biz <Directory /var/www/www.domain.biz> Options +FollowSymLinks Order Allow,Deny Allow from all </Directory> CustomLog /var/log/httpd/www.domain.biz_access.log combined ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/www.domain.biz_error.log </VirtualHost> Now I when anyone tries to access the server directly by using the public IP address, they get the first vhost specified in the aggregated config (so in my case it's alphabetical order from the vhosts.d directory). Anyone accessing the server directly by IP address, I'd like them to just get an 403 or a 404. I've discovered several ways to set a default/catch-all vhost and some conflicting opinions. I could create a new vhost conf in vhosts.d called 000aaadefault.conf or something but that feels a bit nasty. I could have a <VirtualHost> block in my main httpd.conf before the vhosts.d directory is included. I could just specify a DocumentRoot in my main httpd.conf What about specifying a default vhost in httpd.conf with _default_ http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/examples.html#default Would having a <VirtualHost _default_:*> block in my httpd.conf before I Include vhosts.d/*.conf be the best way for a catch-all?

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• connecting to server with multiple nics in other vlan

  - by Thierry

  I have a windows 2003 server with 3 nics on 3 vlan's (this is in domain 1). nic 1 has a default gateway to my router/firewall (sonicwall). In nic 2 and 3 I have left it empty, because it is advised like that everywhere. Within this domain and VLAN's 1-3 everything works fine. BUT... I have a second domain (domain 2) with a 4th Vlan (all 4 VLAN's connected to the same router/firewall) from which my clients need to access the 2003 server in domain 1 (it's my antivirus management console for both domains). when i ping the server from my vlan4 by it's FQDN, it randomly chooses ip from nic 1, 2 or 3 from my 2003 server. (logically because that server is know in DNS with it's 3 IP-addresses. And that is needed for my VLAN's 1-3) I don't really have a problem with that. BUT, I only get an answer of NIC1 (which sounds logically to me, because it's the only one with a gateway). It is not a router problem, because I'm testing in this phase and ping from vlan4 to any machine in vlan1, 2 or 3 that has 1 nic works just fine. If i add a gateway to nic2 and nic3, I get answer from all 3 nics and this works fine. But I know it's adviced to not do that. Can anyone give me advice in this particular case? Would it really be a problem to add a gateway to nic 2 and 3? They would be pointing to the same router/firewall (only with different ip-address, based on the vlan). Or is there another good solution to fix this problem? Thank's in advance, Thierry.

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• How to prevent asymmetric routing with multiple eBGP routers?

  - by Andy Shinn

  I have 2 routers announcing a /22 subnet to different providers (one providers connects to each of the 2 routers). I have split the /22 in two /23 to announce one /23 on each of the routers plus the /22 (the providers will take the more specific route). This allows me to fail over and keep traffic inside the /23 in and out the same provider. What are other ways in which I could announce just the /22 with both routers and have packets from servers on the network behind the routers go back out the same router in which they came in from? EDIT: The main problem I come across, which end users and clients complain about the most, is that the least hop route is sometimes not the "optimal" route. In my case, I know that Provider B may have better latency to X nation. But when packets come in from provider B, they may go out Provider A or provider B. The reverse is also true. If I send a packet to X nation out provider A, even though it may have more hops back, the packet will likely come in from Provider B (which may have higher latency, packet loss, etc. to this nation)

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• Windows 7 Startup fails after installation

  - by Nadav S.

  I have installed Windows 7 Ultimate a week ago. Yesterday I've noticed that the SP1 update is available. After installation of SP1 the computer failed to startup, and had shown a black screen. I couldn't even go to safe mode and F8 didn't help. After some fixing attempts including system restore, startup repair, bootmgr & BCD rebuilding from CMD, I have decided to reinstall Windows (after all, it's only a week old) After the successful installation, I have decided to first install all available updates before I continue. So after the updates download & installation, the computer rebooted. And now I didn't see the black screen again - but in the "Starting Windows..." screen the logo didn't appear and the system didn't startup. Here I could go to safe mode selection window, but it didn't work either ("Loading Windows Files" but nothing). I've also tried: I thought that the CD was corrupted, so I've used a fresh new disk of Windows, tried x86 & x64 versions, the same symptoms, no change. Resetted the BIOS to default, no change. Memory diagnostic HDD diagnostic Restarted Windows WITHOUT INSTALLING UPDATES, but it had the same symptom, so maybe Windows Update is not the case?! I've tried installing it so many times - that I am simply stuck - I can't "reinstall Windows, because it is corrupted...". Maybe the HDD is corrupted? I've also checked it and didn't find a problem.

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• Access NFS share from cygwin?

  - by Jason Voegele

  We have a Windows 2003 Server on which we have installed Microsoft's Services for UNIX, and we have mounted a few NFS shares that contain shared resources that we need to access from this box. When I log in to this server with remote desktop, I am able to browse the contents of the NFS shares and everything works fine. However, one use case that we have is that we need to access this server using SSH, and still be able to access the NFS shares. We are running the Cygwin SSH daemon to provide SSH access to the server, but for some reason when we log in to the Windows 2003 server using SSH we can no longer access the NFS shares. To demonstrate, here is the output of the 'mount' command, first from a Cygwin shell when logged in with remote desktop: $ mount C:/cygwin/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin on / type ntfs (binary,auto) C: on /cygdrive/c type ntfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) O: on /cygdrive/o type nfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) P: on /cygdrive/p type nfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) Z: on /cygdrive/z type nfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) And now, the same 'mount' command when logged in with SSH: $ mount C:/cygwin/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin on / type ntfs (binary,auto) C: on /cygdrive/c type ntfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) Notice the missing O: P: and Z: NFS shares in the latter. Can anyone tell me why I am unable to see these NFS shares when logged in with SSH? Thanks!

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• Sending e-mail on behalf of our customer(s), with Postfix

  - by NathanE

  We send e-mail on behalf of our customers, via our own SMTP services. It's always been a problem for us because usually our "spoofing" of their source address results in the mails being caught in spam traps. This hasn't been a problem in the past due to the small volume and low importance of these mails that we sent. However this requirement has recently changed and we need to fix this issue. We realise that fundamentally our application is sending e-mail incorrectly, as per this post: Send email on behalf of clients However, we would like to resolve the problem at the SMTP server level. We have deployed a server running Postfix. Is it possible to have Postfix automatically adjust the mail headers so that we get this "Sent on behalf of" behaviour? I figure it should just be a case of Postfix noticing that the FROM address is the spoofed (i.e. a domain that is not mentioned in its config anywhere) and therefore inject/replace the appropriate headers to get the desired effect. Thanks.

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• Mangling traffic from a Mikrotik Router

  - by TiernanO

  I have a MikroTik powered Router in the house with a couple of internet connections (2 200/10Mb Cable modems and a 100/20Mb VDSL Line). I am using Mangle rules to set routing marks and NAT rules to do some load balancing, and everything seems to be going grand... But it only works for traffic from outside the router... Let me explain: I have 4 GigE ports on the machine, WAN1,2 and 3, and a LAN port named LAN1. All traffic from LAN1 is getting mangled (as it should be) but traffic from the load router itself (proxy traffic, IPv6 tunnels, VPN connections) are not being mangled. They get the first route to 0.0.0.0/0, which in my case is WAN2, and stick with it. So, how do I get traffic from the local router to be mangled? Originally it was proxy traffic that caused the problem, but now with IPv6 and VPN, they are more important to be mangled... last time i enabled IPv6 traffic, all traffic only went though WAN2, and the rest where unused... Any ideas?

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• Limiting bandwith on an Windows 7 machine

  - by Mihai Damian

  I need to limit the bandwidth on my Windows 7 x64 machine. In the past (on XP) I've been able to use NetLimiter for similar tasks. However for some reason I can't get it to work anymore. For lower limits the bandwidth tests are able to exceed the limit by 10-50%; higher limits seem to be ignored completely and the bandwidth tests report download speeds of over 10 times the speed I set. I'm using speedtest.net and some similar service from my ISP for these tests. Anyway, I don't necessarily need a program as complex as NetLimiter since I only need to throttle my machine's bandwidth, not a specific program's. In case you are wondering why in the world I'd want to cripple my Internet speed, there is a funny story behind this. Long story short, my modem gets random disconnects. Tech support comes in, says my Internet speed is abnormally high and I must be using some tools to somehow make it go faster than it's supposed to and this messes up my modem. I check the connection with another computer and it seems that my PC is the only one in my network that gets abnormal speeds. I reinstall my OS, speed looks normal at first, after I install the batch of 50 or so updates, it goes back to abnormally high speeds and the disconnect problems are not solved. Now I don't have a clue if the explanation the tech team gave me was just a strategy to lay the blame on someone else, but I was trying to give them the benefit of the doubt and see what happens if I really reduce my speed to their specification. Any help appreciated.

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