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• Enabling Shell colours through Putty SSH

  - by Jon

  I have set a number of configurations in my .bashrc file to set the appearance of shell on my Redhat machine. However, when I login as root using Putty, the colours are not shown. I can enable them again by typing 'su', which simply puts me back to root like I was when I logged into putty, but that isn't exaclty ideal. Is there some configuration file or something I can use to enable shell colours when I login with Putty? Thanks

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• cannot unset env variables from script

  - by w00t

  Hi, I am trying to unset all environment variables from within a script. The script runs fine but if I run env it still shows all the variables set. If I run the command from CLI, it works and the variables are unset. unset `env | awk -F= '/^\w/ {print $1}' | xargs` Have any idea how to run this from a script? Also, have any idea how to source /etc/profile from a script? This doesn't work either. I need to set variables with same names but different paths, depending on the instances my users need.

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• Can not understand this script

  - by Jim

  Can someone help me understand this script? It is from sysconf_add and I am new to scripting. I need to do something similar. function add_word() { local word=$1 local word_quoted=$2 if ! word_present; then $debug && cp $file $tmpf sed -i -e "${lineno} { s/^[[:space:]]*\($var=\".*\)\(\".*\)/\1 $word_quoted\2/; s/=\" /=\"/ }" $file $debug && diff -u $tmpf $file else echo \"$word\" already present fi # some balancing for vim"s syntax highlighting }

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• Setting up ssh config file with id_rsa through tunnel

  - by Rubens

  I've been struggling to set up a valid configuration to open a connection with a second machine, passing through another one, and using an id_rsa (which requests me a password) to connect to the third machine. I've asked this question in another forum, but I've received no answer that could be considered very helpful. The problem, better described, goes as follows: Local machine: user1@localhost Intermediary machine: user1@inter Remote target: user2@final I'm able to do the entire connection using pseudo-tty: ssh -t inter ssh user2@final (this will ask me the password for the id_rsa file I have in machine "inter") However, for speeding things up, I'd like to set my .ssh/config file, so that I can simply connect to machine "final" using: ssh final What I've got so far -- which does not work -- is, in my .ssh/config file: Host inter User user1 HostName inter.com IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa Host final User user2 HostName final.com IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_2 ProxyCommand ssh inter nc %h %p The id_rsa file is used to connect to the middle machine (this requires me no password typing), and id_rsa_2 file is used to connect to machine "final" (this one requests a password). I've tried mixing up some LocalForward and/or RemoteForward fields, and putting the id_rsa files in both first and second machines, but I could not seem to succeed with no configuration whatsoever. Hope somebody can help me here! Regards! P.S.: the thread I've tried to get some help from: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/proxycommand-on-ssh-config-file-4175433750/

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• how to manage credentials/access to multiple ssh servers

  - by geoaxis

  I would like to make a script which can maintain multiple servers via SSH. I want to control the authentication/authorization in such a manner that authentication is done by gateway and any other access is routed through this ssh server to internal services without any further authentication/authorization requirements. So if a user A can log into server_1 for example. He can then ssh to server_2 without any other authentication and do what ever he is allowed to do on server_2 (like shut down mysql, upgrade it and restart it. This could be done via some remote shell script). The problem that I am trying to solve is to come up with a deployment script for a JavaEE system which involves databases and tomcat instances. They need to be shutdown and re-spawned. The requirement is to have a deployment script which has minimal human interaction as possible for both developers and operation.

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• can you run a shell command via nohup at later time?

  - by user41172

  Hi-- I'd like to run a script at 6pm on a remote server but don't want to wait around to trigger it. I don't want to use cron since it's a one time deal. Can I do something like "nohup myscript &" with a "sleep" or "after" command? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu + Unable to Edit .bashrc file because of ReadOnly

  - by Napster

  To Remove Issue of WARNING: Unable to verify SSL certificate for api.heroku.com To disable SSL verification, run with HEROKU_SSL_VERIFY=disable By Googling I got few solution. One of them is added HEROKU_SSL_VERIFY=disable to .bashrc. Unfortunately, I am not able to edit that file, gives an error of 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override) !wq is used in place of :wq, but no response. Please suggest me to resolve this issue... Thanks

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• Is it possible to code on two different computers simultaneously?

  - by Muhammad

  I want to work with another programmer and I want the source code to be live in real-time on both of our screens. Is this possible on the Mac OS x or Linux? We're going to be using OS X but occasionally we might need to add an Ubuntu computer too. Is there a way I can do this using ssh, any shell based program, or even a good GUI? I thought Coda might be capable of this but it's not really working. Anyone ever do this? I'm not look for a git/svn/or any other version control system. This is more of a live coding session. :)

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• SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script not allowed to access directory owned by uid

  - by user57221

  I am running a dedicated server with multiple websites. I have created a global directory for common scripts for all websites, rather than repeating them in every website directory. How can I make this global directory accessible for all website. I am getting following error. Warning: require_once() [function.require-once]: SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script whose uid is XXXX is not allowed to access /vhosts/globallibrary/Zend/Application.php owned by uid XXXX I have change the ownership of global directory for X website. so it works fine for X website. latter I added another website Y Now I am getting the same error again. If I change the CHOWN for Y website then X website will have the same error. I don't want to disable the safemode restriction. Is there a work around, so that this global dir will be accessible by all website. I am getting following error in my browser when I try to access global directory. Global directory is on same level as all other websites. Is this a good practice to enable safemode for websites?

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• Where to put unix sockets

  - by James Willson

  I am new to this, so sorry if its obvious. I am running a debian server and installing the likes of UWSGI, NGinx etc on there. The configurations keep talking about pointing to "sockets". In the build options I seem to be able to specify where the sockets for each program go. By default it looks like most of them go in /tmp/ (not all of them). Is this a good place for them to go? Im trying to keep things as organised as possible but just bunging them in my tmp directory doesnt seem like the best option.

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• Passing multiple sets of arguments to a command

  - by Alec

  instances contains several whitespace separated strings, as does snapshots. I want to run the command below, with each instance-snapshot pair. ec2-attach-volume --instance $instances --device /dev/sdf $snapshots For example, if instances contains A B C, and snapshots contains 1 2 3, I want the command to be called like so: ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance A --device /dev/sdf 1 ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance B --device /dev/sdf 2 ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance C --device /dev/sdf 3 I can do either one or the other with xargs -n 1, but how do I do both?

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• Add entire 300 GB filesystem to Git Annex repository?

  - by Ryan Lester

  By default, I get an error that I have too many open files from the process. If I lift the limit manually, I get an error that I'm out of memory. For whatever reason, it seems that Git Annex in its current state is not optimised for this sort of task (adding thousands of files to a repository at once). As a possible solution, my next thought was to do something like: cd / find . -type d | git annex add --$NONRECURSIVELY find . -type f | git annex add # Need to add parent directories of each file first or adding files fails The problem with this solution is that there doesn't seem from the documentation to be a way to non-recursively add a directory in Git Annex. Is there something I'm missing or a workaround for this? If my proposed solution is a dead end, are there other ways that people have solved this problem?

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• Preserve embedded album art when converting from .flac to .ogg

  - by Profpatsch

  I want to convert my archived .flac library to .ogg for daily use. Using find ./ -iname '*.flac' -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 oggenc -q6 on the root music folder and then deleting every .flac (having copies of them in archive) seems straight forward, after trying it with one file it worked and all of the tags were transfered, too, except for one: Embedded album art! I always prefer emedded covers over folder images, since I have some albums with varying covers. One possible solution is discussed here, but the script only works if the image is already extracted: Embed album art in OGG through command line in linux One possible solution I thought about was extracting album art from every song (not every song has one, though, and some even 2 or 3!), temporarily saving it and then using the script to include it into the finished .ogg. But then I want to increase the number of processes xargs runs simultaniously to save time, so the temp images need to have a distinct name. Is there a (linux) program that knows how to handle this? Or is there a finished script floating around somewhere? It would be nice if oggenc supported adding embedded coverart and it really is a shame, since these two formats should (in theory) share the same tag format. Edit: 15 days and noone even tries to answer. It’s funny, most of my questions don’t get answered. Too hard? Wrong SE site?

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• How can I remove old log entries from a log file and archive them somewhere else in Linux?

  - by Mike B

  CentOS 4.x I apologize in advance if this is not the appropriate place to ask this question. It pertains to a linux server / IT admin task. I've got a log file on an old CentOS 4.x server and I want to remove log entries older than a certain date and place them in a new file for archive. Here's an example of the log format: 2012-06-07 22:32:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:03,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:04,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:10,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:12,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:15,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:40,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:58,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:02,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| Essentially, I'm looking for a one-liner that will do the following: Find any events older than a provided YYYY-MM-DD and remove them from the primary log file. Take the deleted events from step 1 and put them in a new log file (Optional) Compress the new archive log file holding the deleted events. I'm aware that there are log rotate tools that do this but this should just be a one-time task so I'd prefer not to set that up. Additional notes: If the date part it tricky or too resource intensive, an alternative would be to just keep the last X number of lines and move the rest. I was originally thinking of something like tail -n 10000 > newfile.txt but that would mean moving the "good" logs to a new file and then doing a name swap... and then I'd still need to remove the "good" entries from the archive. This particular log file is pretty large (1 GB) so I'd prefer the task to be as resource and time efficient as possible. The extra pipes in the log concern me and I'm not sure if I'd need extra protection in the commands to avoid that from causing problems.

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• How to get the pid of a running process using a single command that parse the output of ps?

  - by Sorin Sbarnea

  I am looking for a single line that does return the pid of a running process. Currently I have: ps -A -o pid,cmd|grep xxx|head -n 1 And this returns the fist pid, command. I need only the first number from the output and ignore the rest. I suppose sed or awk would help here but my experience with them is limited. Also, this has another problem, it will return the pid of grep if the xxx is not running. It's really important to have a single line, as I want to reuse the output for doing something else, like killing that process.

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• How do I read multiple lines from STDIN into a variable?

  - by The Wicked Flea

  I've been googling this question to no avail. I'm automating a build process here at work, and all I'm trying to do is get version numbers and a tiny description of the build which may be multi-line. The system this runs on is OSX 10.6.8. I've seen everything from using CAT to processing each line as necessary. I can't figure out what I should use and why. Attempts read -d '' versionNotes Results in garbled input if the user has to use the backspace key. Also there's no good way to terminate the input as ^D doesn't terminate and ^C just exits the process. read -d 'END' versionNotes Works... but still garbles the input if the backspace key is needed. while read versionNotes do echo " $versionNotes" >> "source/application.yml" done Doesn't properly end the input (because I'm too late to look up matching against an empty string).

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• How to remove a tagged block of text in a file?

  - by EmpireJones

  How can I remove all instances of tagged blocks of text in a file with sed, grep, or another program? If I have a file which contains: random text // START TEXT internal text // END TEXT more random // START TEXT asdf // END TEXT text how can I remove all blocks of text within the start/end lines, produce the following? random text more random text

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• Use msysgit/"Git for Windows" to navigate Windows shortcuts?

  - by Darthfett

  I use msysgit on Windows to use git, but I often want to navigate through a Windows-style *.lnk shortcut. I typically manage my file structure through Windows' explorer, so using a different type of shortcut (such as creating hard or soft link in git) isn't feasible. How would I navigate through this type of shortcut? For example: PCUser@PCName ~ $ cd Desktop PCUser@PCName ~/Desktop $ ls Scripts.lnk PCUser@PCName ~/Desktop $ cd Scripts.lnk sh.exe": cd: Scripts.lnk: Not a directory Is it possible to change this behavior, so that instead of getting an error, it just goes to the location of the directory? Alternatively, is there a command to get the path in a *.lnk file?

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• Running a command line app with sudo and password automatically on OS X startup

  - by Designer023

  I need to run an app at startup/login on my mac. I want it to launch in the background and start doing it's work without interrupting me or me having to start it up because I invariably forget and then when I need it, it wasn't running! I have tried using AppleScript to tell Terminal to run it and type my password in, but it ends up opening multiple Terminal windows and not working. Ideally I need a script that I can just add to the user login items and it will run for me. The app has no way of taking a password argument either and it has a password as well as the sudo! I need a solution that can either be done as an applescript (which can be made into an executable) or i need a commandline script but I have no idea about them. This is the manual code I type $ sudo serverStatus password:123456 password:serverpass My AppleScript: tell application Terminal activate do shell script "sudo serverStatus" delay 5 do shell script "123456" delay 2 do shell script "serverpass" end tell

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• Is there a shortcut to mkdir foo and immediately cd into it?

  - by macek

  This is something I do frequently $ mkdir foo $ cd foo This works as a single command, but it's more keystrokes and saves no time. $ mkdir foo && cd foo Is there a shortcut for this?

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• Do background processes get a SIGHUP when logging off?

  - by Massimo

  This is a followup to this question. I've run some more tests; looks like it really doesn't matter if this is done at the physical console or via SSH, neither does this happen only with SCP; I also tested it with cat /dev/zero > /dev/null. The behaviour is exactly the same: Start a process in the background using & (or put it in background after it's started using CTRL-Z and bg); this is done without using nohup. Log off. Log on again. The process is still there, running happily, and is now a direct child of init. I can confirm both SCP and CAT quits immediately if sent a SIGHUP; I tested this using kill -HUP. So, it really looks like SIGHUP is not sent upon logoff, at least to background processes (can't test with a foreground one for obvious reasons). This happened to me initially with the service console of VMware ESX 3.5 (which is based on RedHat), but I was able to replicate it exactly on CentOS 5.4. The question is, again: shouldn't a SIGHUP be sent to processes, even if they're running in background, upon logging off? Why is this not happening? Edit I checked with strace, as per Kyle's answer. As I was expecting, the process doesn't get any signal when logging off from the shell where it was launched. This happens both when using the server's console and via SSH.

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• How do I change the .bash_history file location?

  - by Brian Graham

  I'm running CentOS 6.x and want to move the .bash_history to a different location. The home directories of my users are (because I run a VPS) in /var/www/vhost/<domain>.<tld> which is FTP accessible (and it should be). Because of this, I have changed the AuthorizedKeysFile for SSH connections out of the normal ~/.ssh/authorized_keys since FTP connections would easily be able to locate them. At the same time I want to move the .bash_history file to /home/%u/.bash_history where %u is the current user.

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• Avoiding users to corrupt and use a script

  - by EverythingRightPlace

  Is it possible to deny the right to copy files? I have a script which should be executable by others. They are also allowed to read the file (though it would not be a problem to forbid reading). But I don't want the script to be changed and executed. It's not a problem to set those permissions, but one could easily copy, change and run the script. Can this even be avoided? /edit The OS is Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation release 6.2 (Santiago).

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• Is there a unix command to output time elapsed during a command?

  - by Olivier Lacan

  I love using time to find out how long a command took to execute but when dealing with commands that execute sub-commands internally (and provide output that allows you to tell when each of those sub-commands start running) it would be really great to be able to tell after what number of seconds (or milliseconds) a specific sub-command started running. When I say sub-command, really the only way to distinguish these from the outside is anything printed to standard out. Really this seems like it should be an option to time.

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• Can't access Terminal anymore, only shows a cursor

  - by user138304

  I run OS X. Following these directions (Installing MySQL on Mac OS X) I added a file to /usr and the contents were PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH Actually I was trying to get the mysql command to work now I cannot access terminal. All I get is a cursor but no command line. I also cannot find the file I created in the Finder. I used command shift G to find the folder /usr and the file is not there. Edit: I Solved the problem by restarting my computer. I am really not sure what the problem was. I got the idea because Could not open a new pseudo-tty. appeared in my terminal after following slhck directions to remove my .profile file. I then searched google and found this; http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2008/03/fixing-terminal-tty-errors.html. Thanks

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